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GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 229

Foundation Engineering in

the Face of Uncertainty

Honoring Fred H. Kulhawy

SPONSORED BY

The Geo-lnstitute of the American Society of Civil Engineers

EDITED BY

James L. Withiam, Ph.D., P.E.

Kok-Kwang Phoon, Ph.D., P.E.Mohamad H. Hussein, P.E.

ASCEGEO-

INSTITUTE

Published by the American Society of Civil Engineer

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Contents

Preface ix

Biography xi

Awards and Honors with Citations xv

Theses and Dissertations Supervised xix

Publications xxiii

Introduction to Selected Kulhawy Papers xlvii

Author List li

SelectedPapers

Authored and Co-Authoredby

Fred H.Kulhawy All reproduced with permission

Geomechanical Model for Rock Foundation Settlement 1

Fred H. KulhawyFrom Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 104(GT2),

1978,211-227.

Limiting Tip and Side Resistance: Fact or Fallacy? 18Fred H. Kulhawy

From Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations, ASCE, 1984, 80-98.

Ground Water Influences on Foundation Side Resistance 37

F. H. Kulhawy and J. F. BeechFrom Proceedings, 9th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and

Foundation Engineering (2), Dublin, 1987,707-710.

The Soil-Rock Boundary: What Is It and Where Is It? 41Fred H. Kulhawy, Charles H. Trautmann, and Thomas D. O'Rourke

From Detection of and Construction at the Soil/Rock Interface (GSP28), ASCE, 1991, 1-15.

On the Evaluation of Static Soil Properties 56Fred H. Kulhawy

From Stability and Performance of Slopes andEmbankments II(GSP3J), ASCE, 1992, 95-115.

From Casagrande's

"Calculated Risk" toReliability-Based Design

in Foundation

Engineering: The Sixth Arthur Casagrande Memorial Lecture 77Fred H. Kulhawy

From Civil Engineering Practice (Journal of the Boston Society of Civil

Engineers Section/ASCE), 11(2), 1996, 43-56.

What Is Foundation Failure? 91

Fred H. Kulhawy and Anwar HiranyFrom Proceedings, International Conference on Foundation Failures,

Singapore, 1997, 35-41.

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Characterization of Geotechnical Variability 98Kok-Kwang Phoon and Fred H. Kulhawy

From Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36(4), 1999,612-624.

Evaluation of Geotechnical Property Variability Ill

Kok-Kwang Phoon and Fred H. KulhawyFrom Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36(4), 1999,625-639.

Observations on Some Shortcomings in Deep Foundation Analysis and Design 126Fred H. Kulhawy

From Deep Foundations 2002 (GSP116), ASCE, 2002, 1-5.

On the Interpretation of Drilled Foundation Load Test Results 131 Anwar Hirany and Fred H. Kulhawy

From Deep Foundations 2002 (GSP 116), ASCE, 2002,1018-1028.

Observations on Geotechnical Reliability-Based Design Developmentin North America 142

F. H. Kulhawy and K. K. PhoonFrom Foundation Design Codes and Soil Investigation in View of

International Harmonization and Performance Based Design, Balkema, 2002,31-48.

Multiple Resistance Factor Design for Shallow Transmission LineStructure Foundations 160

Kok-Kwang Phoon, Fred H. Kulhawy, and Mircea D. GrigoriuFrom Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,

129(9), 2003,807-818.

On the Uplift Behaviour of Spread Foundations 172Fred H. Kulhawy, Harry E. Stewart, and Charles H. Trautmann

From Proceedings, International Symposium on Shallow Foundations (1),Paris, 2003, 327-334.

On the Axial Behavior of Drilled Foundations 180Fred H. Kulhawy

From GeoSupport2004: Drilled Shafts, Micropiling, Deep Mixing,Remedial Methods, and Specialty Foundation Systems (GSP 124), ASCE,2004, 34-51.

Issues in Evaluating Capacity of Rock Socket Foundations 198F. H. Kulhawy and W. A. Prakoso

From Proceedings, 16th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, KualaLumpur, 2007, 51-61.

Uncertainty, Reliability, and Foundation Engineering: The 5th PeterLumb Lecture 209

Fred H. KulhawyFrom Transactions, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, 17(3), 2010, 19-

24.

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Contributed Papers

Uncertainty and Risk

Screening Geotechnical Risks 215

Gregory Baecher and John T. Christian

Accounting for Certainty 225Milton E. Harr

Engineering Geology: Fundamental Input or Random Variable? 232Jeffrey R. Keaton

Ground Uncertainty Implications in the Application of the ObservationalMethod to Underground Works: Comparative Examples 254

Joao Bile Serra and Luis Miranda

Geotechnical Uncertainties and Reliability-Based Design 271Tien H. Wu

Characterization of Soil Parameters

Hydrologic Properties of Final Cover Soils 283Craig H. Benson and Tayfun Gurdal

Variability of Soil Properties and Reliability of Empirical Equationson Soil Settlement Predictions 298

Omer Bilgin and Eman Mansour

Second-Moment Characterization of Undrained Shear Strengthsfrom Different Test Procedures 308

Jianye Ching, Kok-Kwang Phoon, and Wen-Ting Lee

Soil Modulus Correlations 321

J. Michael Duncan and Andrew Bursey

Multivariate Model for Soil Parameters Based on Johnson Distributions 337

Kok-Kwang Phoon and Jianye Ching

Wetting Effect on CBR Properties of Compacted Fine-Grained Residual Soils 354Widjojo A. Prakoso

Bayesian Characterization of Transformation Uncertainty for Strengthand Stiffness of Sands 368

Marco Uzielli and Paul W. Mayne

Spatial Variability

A Simple Method to Assess the Effects of Soil Spatial Variabilityon the Performance of a Shallow Foundation 385

Yusuke Honjo and Yu Otake

Assessing Soil Correlation Distances and Fractal Behavior 405Mark B. Jaksa

Evaluation of Common Interpolation Algorithms for Site Characterization 421David Lacey, Burt Look, and David Williams

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Scale of Fluctuation of Geotechnical Parameters Estimated From CPTuand Laboratory Test Data 434

Site Onyejekwe and Louis Ge

Distinguishing between Data Uncertainty and Natural Variability in VirtualGeotechnical Databases 444

J. David Rogers and Jae-Won Chung

Reliability Analysis

Reliability of Suction Caissons for Deep Water Floating Facilities 456Edward C. Clukey, Robert B. Gilbert, Knut H. Andersen, and Rune Dahlberg

Reliability-Based Design of Laterally Loaded Piles Considering SoilSpatial Variability 475

Haijian Fan and Robert Liang

Reliability Assessment of Diaphragm Wall Deflections in Soft Clays 487 Anthony T. C. Goh, Feng Xuan, and Wengang Zhang

On Capacity of Pile Foundations 497Mircea Grigoriu

Model Errors in Bearing Capacity of Vertically Loaded Foundations 505Masahiro Shirato, Tetsuya Kohno, and Shoichi Nakatani

Reliability Analysis of Long Multi-Segment Earth Slopes 520Erik Vanmarcke and Yuki Otsubo

Updating Uncertain Soil Parameters by Maximum Likelihood Methodfor Predicting Maximum Ground and Wall Movements in Braced Excavations 530

Lei Wang, Zhe Luo, and C. Hsein Juang

Stochastic Analysis of Hydraulic Hysteresis in Multi-Layer UnsaturatedSoil Covers under Random

Flux Boundary Conditions 542Chao Yang, Daichao Sheng, and John P. Carter

Reliability-Based Design

Estimation of Resistance Factors for Reliability-Based Design of ShallowFoundations in Cohesionless Soils under Earthquake Loading 555

Sami O. Akbas and Erhan Tekin

System Reliability-Based Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for ExternalSeismic Stability of Reinforced Soil Walls 570

B. Munwar Basha and G. L. Sivakumar Babu

LRFD Calibration of Metallic Reinforced Soil Walls 585

Richard J. Bathurst, Tony M. Allen, Yoshihisa Miyata, and Bingquan HuangEffects of Spatial Variability on Reliability-Based Design of Drilled Shafts 602

Zijun Cao, Jingmei Wang, and Yu Wang

An Approach to Assess LRFD- from Load Test and Borehole Datain and outside the Footprint of a Drilled Shaft 617

Harald Klammler, Michael McVay, Michael Faraone, and David Horhota

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Calibration of LRFD-Based Resistance Factors for Soil Nail Pullout 633

Carlos A. Lazarte

Composite Tolerable Settlement and Horizontal Displacement Criteriafor Reliability-Based Design of Foundations 645

LiminZhang

and Agnes M. Y. Ng

Case Histories

Integration of Design and Risk Management in Large, Soft GroundNATM Tunnels 661

Sherif W. Agaiby, Alfred Schulter, Ulrich Horny, Olav Dollmann,and Sayed M. Ahmed

Instrumented Pile Load Testing Program for a Coal-Fired Power Plant 680Jose L. M. Clemente and Michael R. Lewis

Foundation Geometry and Load Testing Reduces Uncertaintyfor a Sports Stadium 695

H. Turan Durguno lu

Capacity and Load Movement of a CFA Pile: A Prediction Event 707

Bengt H. Fellenius

Foundation Design for High-Rise Tower in Karstic Ground 720Harry G. Poulos, John C. Small, and Helen Chow

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