Fostering Service Health & Safety Handbook 1

Fostering Service

Health & Safety Handbook

2016/17

Fostering Service Health & Safety Handbook 2

CONTENTS Home Safety Introduction 3 Purpose of this Handbook 3 Summary of Health and Safety Guidance 3 Working Together 4 General Safety in the Home 4 Security of the Home 5 Fire Safety 6 Electrical and Gas Safety 9 Home Hygiene 11 Falls 12 Domestic, Hobbies/Fitness & Garden Equipment & Tools 14 Travelling by Car 17 Cleaning and Other Dangerous Substances 20 Pets and Animals 21 Indoor and Outdoor Play 23 Sun Safety 24 Placements on Working Farms 26 Summary 27 Training, Support and Development Standards 27 Further Resources 28

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Home Safety Introduction Despite a growing awareness of health and safety legislation within the workplace, many of us do not consider the risks that may be present in our own homes. However, more than a third of all accidents to adults take place in the home and each year (in the UK) almost a million children under the age of 15 seek hospital attention following a home accident. Most of these accidents are preventable through increased awareness, improvements in the home environment, and greater product safety.

Purpose of this Handbook

This handbook is designed to raise awareness of health and safety in the home and therefore reduce the likelihood of accidents occurring. The Agency has both a legal and moral obligation to ensure that reasonable steps are taken to ensure the health, safety and welfare of our staff, the children, young people and families and any others we work with. In order to meet our obligations, a risk assessment will be carried out to identify hazards and ensure that appropriate controls have been implemented to reduce the risk to a reasonable level. This handbook supports the risk assessment process by providing health and safety information and advice. It is also designed to raise awareness of health and safety in the home and to allow carers to become more involved in the process. This handbook has been provided for:-

Foster Carers who have children and young people coming to stay with them

Day carers

Staff assessing, supervising and supporting carers

Staff assessing and supporting children and their parents

The organisation, so it can be sure that staff and carers know about and can assess risk when a child or young person is being looked after

This health and safety handbook for home based care is designed to assist in implementing the Agency Health and Safety Policy.

Summary of Health and Safety Guidance In order to enhance the lives of the Children and Young People that we work with, and to protect the health and safety of Children & Young People, Carers and Workers, it is the Agency’s policy that a risk assessment will be carried out relating to the home and whether it provides a “safe environment”. The Agency will comply with the statutory duties under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, will promote the Management of Health and Safety at Work and will give due regard to the Fostering: National Minimum Standards and the Fostering Services (England) Regulations 2011. All risk assessments will be carried out sensitively in the knowledge that the location is someone’s home and that they may find the process intrusive. We acknowledge that the risk assessment process is not about the elimination of all risk but about focussing efforts on significant risk and taking a sensible approach to everyday activities.

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It is the Agency’s responsibility to ensure that there are competent Managers and Workers in every Service. We will ensure that responsibilities are clear for each person in the organisation and arrangements in place to train, instruct and monitor the performance of each individual to ensure the health, safety and welfare of Children and Young People, Carers and Workers. The Carer should use their own experience of the standards they require in their own home in their responsibility for looking after the child away from the home and discuss any concerns relating to the Child or Young Person’s health, safety and welfare with their Supervising Social Worker or the child’s Social Worker. Carers and staff must not operate any specialist equipment such as lifting or medical equipment unless the equipment has a certificate of inspection and test and the carer/worker has been trained by a competent person in the use of the equipment.

Working Together

While the majority of risks identified can be easily rectified, the Agency recognises that occasionally a family may require support in making the necessary improvements. The types of assistance that may be available include:- Training All carers will have an opportunity to receive training regarding health and safety in the home. Training may be presented in a variety of formats including written materials e.g. booklets articles, etc. Support and Advice Social Workers will be available to offer support and advice on how to minimise any risks that are identified. This may include:-

Simple changes to the home environment, e.g. ensuring stair wells are appropriately safeguarded.

Minor structural changes, e.g. installing window locks

Provision of small pieces of equipment e.g. stair gate or fire guards.

Supply of some equipment Funding arrangements for the supply of equipment must be authorised by the Registered Manager. Following an assessment, if it is felt that there is a significant risk, every effort will be made to assist families in meeting the required standard of safety. However, it is important for carers to understand that where this minimum standard cannot be agreed, achieved and maintained, then the Agency will not be able to place a child with them.

General Safety in the Home: Introduction to Topics

The following pages gives an overview of some of the common hazards found in people’s homes and simple advice on actions people can take to reduce the risk. Supervising Social Workers and Carers should remember each home is different and may have different hazards. Therefore it is important to look around the house and its surroundings, systematically identifying what has the potential to cause harm.

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When identifying the hazard in and around the home you should also consider who is likely to be in the house as some people may be more at risk than others e.g. children. Why are children and young people particularly at risk of accidents? Children are often absorbed in their own immediate interests and can be oblivious to their surroundings. Often they have a limited perception of the environment because of their lack of experience or own development. They may not be aware of the consequences of their actions in new situations. Inquisitiveness Curiosity and a spirit of adventure may lead a child into danger. Some examples of things which would not normally be thought of as dangerous but which could lead to inquisitive child into being seriously hurt include fridges and closets etc. with self-locking doors and washing machines or tumble driers into which a child could climb. Where there is a significant risk, extra vigilance is required and doors should be kept locked, plugs kept out of reach etc. Bravado and Horseplay Many accidents are caused by horseplay involving pushing, shoving and wrestling. Statistics show that boys are more likely to have an accident in the home than girls. Stress Tensions at home and emotional upsets caused by temper, jealousy and over excitement may cause a child to run blindly into danger. Such action may even be deliberate to seek attention. New to Environment Children and young people who are being introduced to a new setting may be more at risk as they are unfamiliar with the environment e.g. the stairs at night. Child Development The age of a child can influence which hazards they are most at risk from. Disabled Children may have very specific needs and will not always follow the normal milestones and expectations for children of their age and therefore, when undertaking risk assessments, this needs to be taken into consideration. Particular issues to be considered include: their understanding of danger, levels of supervision needed, risk of absconding, violent behaviour including self-harm and moving and handling issues.

Security of the Home As children may not be as aware of dangers, they may leave the home unaccompanied without your knowledge. You may need to consider securing your property to avoid this; consider having child-resistant catches fitted on garden gates, repairing any broken garden fences, and/or raising door handles to prevent small children opening doors. Children may also find other unusual exits such as dog flaps that you may need to secure. The Agency’s Social Workers should discuss with carers any individual characteristics of the child or young person that may affect health and safety and how the risk can be managed. First Aid Due to the increased risk of children having accidents, the Agency requires all carers to have a first aid kit. The kit should be appropriate to the child’s needs, purchased from a reputable supplier and the contents should match the list provided with the box.

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Smoking in the Home Apart from the fire safety aspects of smoking, there are the health implications for children and young people inhaling environmental smoke (passive smoking). Carers must familiarise themselves with and ensure compliance with the Agency Smoking Policy:

Fire Safety: Introduction A fire in someone’s home can be a serious risk to life and lead to the property being damaged (either directly or from smoke or water) and a loss of possessions. By taking some simple precautions you can reduce the likelihood of a fire starting and significantly reduce the damage caused if one does start. Is Your Home Safe? A few questions to ask yourself:

Have you fitted a smoke alarm? A smoke alarm is the simplest single step you can take to cut the risk of dying from fire. The cost of smoke alarms are minimal and some fire authorities may fit them free. If your home is on more than one floor, you should fit at least one smoke alarm on each floor. Check that the alarms are loud enough to wake all sleepers.

How good are your electrics? Do you have enough sockets, to prevent overloading power points? Are the fuses in the plugs to your TV, Video, hi-fi and computer rated correctly? Are any of your electric cables worn or taped up? If they are, they aren’t safe and they should be replaced.

Is your upholstered furniture fire-resistant? If it was made before 1988 then it may not be fire-resistant, which means it could set alight easily and produce clouds of poisonous smoke. Check the label on your furniture to be sure. Make sure furniture and furnishings are not too close to sources of heat which could cause them to catch fire i.e. open fires, candles etc.

Is the cooker clear of flammable objects? Keep wires, cloths and oven gloves away from the cooker top. Don’t let fat and other remains build up.

Are aerosols and flammable materials stored correctly, away from heat sources and away from children?

Is your toaster clean and away from curtains? Your toaster ought to be cleaned out from time to time. And make sure it’s positioned well away from curtains.

Has your chimney been swept? If you have an open fire, you should have your chimney swept once a year.

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Do you store combustible items under the stairs? Unless there is a cupboard which provides some resistance to fire storing combustible items under the stairs could lead to fire cutting off your emergency exit.

If you have an electric blanket, is it damaged? Fraying, scorch marks, dampness and loose connections are all dangerous. If your blanket shows any signs of damage, have it tested or replaced. Don’t leave your electric blanket switched on all night unless it has thermostatic controls for safe all-night use. And when you store it, avoid folding it.

The following are some good habits to get into:

Turn off and unplug electrical appliances When you’re not using electrical appliances, such as the television, switch them of at the wall and unplug them (unless the appliance is designed to be left on, like a video player that displays the date and time). If there is a power failure, turn all appliances off until power is restored.

Have a working smoke alarm on every floor and regularly check it to ensure it is still working It takes a few seconds to test a smoke alarm, yet people die each year because their alarm had a battery missing or was dead. You should test your alarm once a week and change the battery once a year (unless it’s mains powered or has a 10 year battery). Twice a year vacuum the inside to remove dust.

Make a Fire Escape Plan and DO NOT SMOKE IN THE HOUSE

Include everyone who lives in your home. Everyone, including children, should know exactly what to do if there is a fire. Choose an escape route - the easiest way out. Pick a second escape route in case the first is blocked by fire. Always keep the door and window keys in the same place. Tell everyone where they are kept. Keep the escape route clear of obstacles.

Get into a routine before going to bed Before going to bed, remember to:

o Switch off and unplug electrical appliances

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o Check the oven and cooker are turned off o Turn heaters off, and put a guard in front of fires o Make sure candles are fully extinguished and lights are turned off o Close interior doors – they slow down the spread of fire o Check the escape route is free of obstacles

DO NOT

Leave matches & lighters within reach of children Some children find matches and lighters irresistible. Every year thousands of fires are started by young children.

Underestimate the risk of candles Candles should be put in a proper holder that won’t fall over. They need to be on a heat resistant surface and away from any combustible materials. It’s never a good idea to leave candles burning in a room without anyone there. Extinguish them carefully, and make sure they’re completely out.

Overfill chip pans It is dangerous to fill them more than a third full. If the oil starts to smoke don’t put food in – leave the pan to cool. Make sure the food you’re cooking is dry. Thermostatically controlled deep fat fryers are much safer than chip pans.

Leave pans unattended If you’re called away from the cooker, don’t leave pans on the heat. It’s so easy to forget about them.

Leave pan handles turning out Avoid using pans with loose handles, turn handles so they don’t stick out. Do not move a burning pan or throw water over it.

Get too close to heaters and fires It’s dangerous to sit nearer than one metre (three feet) from a heater or

open fire. Put drying clothes a safe distance from heaters or fires – at least a metre. Don’t dry clothes on heaters or fire guards. Also, avoid putting a portable heater where it can be knocked over.

Be aware that children may stand too close to the fire if they are trying to reach something from the mantelpiece or look in a mirror that is placed above a fireplace. The same may apply where treats are stored near the cooker. Where this is a risk REMOVE the item or mirror.

Open fires should have a fireguard (which meets BS6539) fitted. Other hot surfaces which present a significant risk should also be provided with a guard or cover, where they cannot be placed out of children’s reach (with some children this may include hot bulbs on desk/table lamps).

Some children may be particularly drawn to fire or have a history of fire starting. Extra vigilance will be required including the securing of any ignition sources and adequate supervision.

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Electrical and Gas Safety: Introduction Electricity is everywhere in our homes and it is a very useful part of our lives. However, it should also be treated with respect as it can be dangerous. If the gas appliances in your home are unsafe, you could be at risk of fire, explosion or carbon monoxide poisoning. This section shows what to be alert for, what to check, and what not to do. What to Check for Danger Signs – Electrical Watch out for hot plugs and sockets fuses that blow for no obvious reason, flickering lights, scorch marks on sockets or plugs. They are all signs of loose wiring or other problems. Danger Signs – Gas Discolouring around gas fires or the top of water heaters may indicate the presence of carbon monoxide. The gas appliance may be less efficient and go out more frequently. There may be only flickering yellows/orange flames instead of blue, yellow/orange. You may feel drowsy, have more headaches or feel dizziness when getting up. You may have slight palpitations, stomach pains or diarrhoea. If a home has only one carbon monoxide detector it should be installed close to sleeping areas, but outside an individual bedroom. This is to ensure that it is adequately loud to wake all persons who are asleep if Carbon Monoxide reaches dangerous levels. The ability of the detector alarm to wake everyone should be checked. If that detector is not also clearly audible in the living areas of the house, it is recommended that an extra detector is installed there. Badly Wired Plugs If the coloured wires are sticking out of the plug, not only could they be pulled loose but water and debris could get inside the plug. Frayed, cut or chewed power leads The outer covering of a power lead must not be damaged.

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The following will reduce the risks posed by electricity and gas:

Turn off and unplug electrical appliances When you’re not using electrical appliances such as the television, switch them off at the wall and unplug them (unless the appliance is designed to be left on, like a video player that displays the date and time).

Where toddlers are present, or there is a risk of children/young people poking fingers/objects into sockets, fit socket covers.

Use the right fuse. The fuse is designed to stop overheating. If the wrong fuse is fitted and there’s a problem, a fire could occur.

Maintenance

Wiring can deteriorate over time, to ensure it remains in good condition a fixed installation test at least every 10 years is recommended.

Regularly check electrical appliances; if there are any signs of damage get them fixed or replace them.

Have gas appliances annually checked by a Gas Safe Register, Registered Installer. If appliances have not been installed properly, or have fallen into disrepair, it may affect the performance of the boiler, leading to high levels of carbon monoxide gas (CO) spreading into living spaces and placing occupants at risk of poisoning. If you live in rented accommodation, insist on seeing your landlord’s gas safety certificate, which shows that the appliances he owns have been checked for safety by a Gas Safe Register Registered Installer. Your landlord is legally obliged to provide you with written proof of these checks.

Be cautious when purchasing second hand appliances.

Don’t be tempted to carry out significant electrical DIY work yourself. A new law ‘Part P’ states any significant electrical work has to be undertaken by a qualified electrician or checked by local authority building inspectors. Never be tempted to DIY with gas.

Repaired Power Leads If the power lead does not get split or frayed, don’t tape over it. Water could get in, or the tape could come loose. And never join cables by taping them together.

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Overloaded Sockets If you plug too many appliances into an adaptor or extension cable it could become Overloaded. Items which use a lot of power e.g. equipment that heats up (kettle, cooker, heaters, washing machines, tumble driers, microwaves etc.)

Cables in vulnerable positions Don’t leave power leads where they can be tripped over, near a source of water, or close to the cooker top, especially if there are loose coils that could be pushed onto a ring.

Water near electrics Don’t let cables or plugs get wet, and keep liquids away from electrical appliances. Don’t put a vase on top of the TV, for example. Make sure the kettle isn’t leaking, and don’t fill it up when it’s plugged in. Only use electrical equipment which is designed and made for the bathroom in the bathroom.

Home Hygiene: Introduction

Clutter can cause falls, whilst dust can aggravate conditions such as asthma. Food left out or rubbish being around can lead to infestations of mice, rats and insects which in turn carry disease that can be passed onto humans. Ill health can be unwittingly caused by inadequate hygiene in the home. This can be by not washing hands after using the toilet, handling raw meat, coming into contact with other people who are ill (especially those suffering with diarrhoea or vomiting) or playing with pets. Toys should be washed or soaked regularly, especially if shared. Wash equipment after each use. Sterilising Solutions for feeding bottles are suitable for most non-porous items. Replace changing mats that are cracked or otherwise not easily sanitised. You should be particularly vigilant in the kitchen and keep it as hygienically clean as possible. The following are some do’s and don’ts taken from Government advice on food safety.

Regularly change dishcloths and boil wash them when possible or disinfect. Specific clothes and mops should be identified for use in the toilet and specific cloths should be identified for use in the kitchen. These cloths and mops should not be used in other areas.

Keep separate chopping boards for raw and ready to eat foods to avoid cross contamination. Wash boards with hot soapy water and replace any chopping boards that are split or have seen better days.

Clean kitchen surfaces and your fridge regularly

Open the fridge door as little as possible to maintain a constant temperature. The warmest part of fridge should never exceed 5°C – use a fridge thermometer to measure the temperature.

Store washed salad items, cooked and ready to eat items at the top or in the salad compartment, and raw or defrosting meats at the bottom.

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Cool hot foods to room temperature before refrigerating. Avoid leaving food out of the fridge for longer than 90 minutes.

Hands are one of the easiest ways to spread germs. Wash your hands before you start and during preparation, specifically after handling raw meat, and before handling salads and chilled food.

Encourage children/young people to wash their hands before eating.

Follow manufacturer’s instructions when preparing food and make sure food is fully cooked. Pay particular attention to barbecued food which may burn on the outside whilst still being raw on the inside.

Keep pets away from food, dishes and worktops.

Some Don’ts

Don’t allow rubbish to accumulate.

Don’t smoke or allow anyone else to smoke around food.

Don’t prepare food if you have diarrhoea and/or vomiting or have infected cuts or sores.

Don’t leave food or food debris around either inside the house or outside (picnics, barbeques, take-away food) where it will attract vermin, pets and other animals.

Never use the same cleaning cloths or sponges for the kitchen, bathroom and WC.

Unwanted visitors (pests) such as rats, mice, foxes and insects may be around because of the location of the property or because there is something attracting them (usually a food source or somewhere suitable to live). They can be a source of contamination or disease.

If you notice signs of infestation have it dealt with professionally if it is not something you can deal with safely yourself. Clean up scrupulously until the infestation has been dealt with.

Falls: Introduction Falls are the most common cause of accidental injury to people of all ages. Deaths and severe injuries are often associated with a fall from a high window or balcony or down stairs. Falls can also result in serious injury if the surface the child hits is hard e.g. concrete or paving stones. What is a slip, trip or fall? There are two basic types of fall:

Same-level falls, generally caused by slips or trips

Elevated falls or falls from heights

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Slips Slips are mainly caused by slippery surfaces such as wet or oily surfaces and by wearing inappropriate footwear. Other factors include loose rugs or mats and inadequate lighting.

Trips Trips occur when your feet strike an object causing a loss of balance. Common factors causing trips are trailing cables, uneven surfaces, inadequate lighting and obstructions by materials or rubbish.

Falls Falls that result in deaths and major injuries are usually from an elevation, such as falls from ladders, roofs, downstairs or from jumping to a lower level. Within our own homes we may become complacent about slip, trip or fall hazards. Because we are aware of that loose carpet or trailing cable, we automatically step over it or avoid it; however, when other people enter our home they will not be aware of it and therefore will not take appropriate precautions. Children will often forget, even if they are told not to run through the kitchen etc. The age of the individual and their capabilities will also have a bearing on the level of risk. You should bear this in mind when considering the risks of falls e.g. could the child:-

Fall off the bed, changing surfaces or out of chairs?

Fall whilst being transferred?

Fall from a window or balcony?

Be more at risk from obstructions?

Changes in floor level can sometimes cause problems and extra care should be taken particularly where children are playing with ride on toys such as tricycles or using wheelchairs etc. You should also consider the risk of things falling onto the child or the child running into things e.g.

Obstructions at child head height such as shelves, coat hooks, tables etc. and sharp corners on radiators/furniture.

Windows with loose putty which could fall out or large glazed areas the child could run into

Non-safety glass to low level glazing or furniture e.ge. galls top table

Items which can be pulled upon a child e.g. overhanging tablecloths could be pulled with items on the table falling onto the child, or toy chest lids without anti-slam protection

Furniture which could fall onto the child

Overloaded shelving/racking etc. Missing or loose fixings which may cause items to collapse or fall.

Glassware, china or heavy ornaments accessible to child. The following offers advice on ways to reduce the risks of falls:

Fit stair gates in appropriate positions, to prevent young children falling downstairs. It is recommended that a curtain type is used rather than a gate. This is flush to the wall and does not intrude across the landing etc. and when used at the top of a stair it does not require a person to step back down the stairs. Avoid stair gates which have a bottom bar over which someone could trip and fall downstairs.

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Remove small rugs or use double-sided tape under small rugs to prevent slipping. Ensure any damaged flooring is repaired.

Remove things that a person can trip over (this includes toys, trailing cables etc.)

Use anti-slip mats in baths and showers. Also provide to floor if it is slippery when wet.

Improve the lighting in the home; especially on areas such as stairs (ensure that a 2 way switch is available so that the light can be operated at both the top and bottom of the stairs).

Stairs and any ramps should not be too steep. They should have non-slip surfaces.

Ensure handrails are available on all staircases, that they are secure and at a suitable height for the child.

Balustrades must be of adequate strength and their heights adequate to prevent a fall over them. Gaps in balustrades must be no wider than 10cms. There must be no horizontal bars or other parts which children could climb.

In children’s/young people’s bedrooms and communal areas where there is a risk of falls from windows, provide limiters to restrict the window openings to 100mm or less.

Clean up spills and debris straight away. Remove damp leaves and other vegetation from pathways and regularly cut back overhanging trees and branches.

Only use baby buggies, pushchairs etc. that have working brakes and an appropriate harness fitted, which is in good condition.

Never leave babies alone on any furniture – beds, tables, sofas, cots with sides down, or changing tables – even if they have never rolled over. Avoid bunk beds for children under the age of 6 or who are more at risk of falling.

Don’t overload baby buggies, pushchairs, etc. with bags as this could cause them to tip or collapse.

Don’t place furniture, which children may climb on, near windows or balustrades on landings, balconies, etc.

Don’t leave ladders/stepladders accessible to children.

Avoid using baby walkers especially if there are changes in level and never use baby bouncers on raised surfaces.

Domestic, Hobbies/Fitness & Garden Equipment & Tools

An Introduction What this includes: Things which are serrated, sharp, pointed, hot, cold or freezing, heavy, awkward to use, folding or unsteady, self-locking, mechanical, electrical/battery, gas or petrol/oil powered or involve water and/or high pressure. Equipment for hobbies/fitness including: firearms, bows and crossbows and specialist equipment for different activities, or for a baby or disabled child. They will be things you take on days out, picnics, camping, shopping and visits or use in the garden. Some things are dangerous for anyone to use without proper care and sometimes training.

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They could be in the kitchen, utility room, garage, garden shed or store and anywhere in the house or garden where housework or other jobs are carried out. If a child or young person is helping you, or pursuing their own activity using tools or other equipment, make sure they know how to use them safely. Have a routine with them for tidying up and putting things away. Some Do’s

Put appliances, equipment and tools away each time you are not using them.

If there are safety guards for storage or use – use them.

Keep the garden shed, tool store and garage locked.

Fit catches or locks on the cleaning cupboard, kitchen cupboards/drawers and other domestic storage (depending on the age and ability of the child).

Keep keys safe and out of reach. You might decide you need a key cabinet.

Fit locks on freezers or refrigerators (depending on the age and ability of the child).

Check flexes on plugs on electrical appliances and where possible unplug equipment when you have finished using it. Use socket covers.

Make sure all appliances and equipment (such as boiler, gas appliances, fuel stores or specialist equipment for the child) are inspected and maintained on a regular basis.

You may need to fit radiator covers and guards on cooker tops (dependent on age and ability of the child).

Keep equipment which may be hazardous to children/young people e.g. multigym, lawnmowers, power tools etc. secure.

Store, use, transport and dispose of any legally held firearms and shotguns in accordance with the conditions of the licence and in compliance with the law. The same level of care must be exercised with air guns, CO₂ guns, bows, crossbows and other weapons. These equally must be properly, legally and safely stored, carried and used. The Agency must be notified of any firearms or other weapons kept in your home.

Some Don’ts

Don’t leave children unsupervised if they are helping you with any gardening, household or other tasks which use tools or other equipment.

Don’t leave children unsupervised whilst cooking is being done.

Don’t leave matches, firelighters or batteries where children can reach them

Don’t leave small items about which could be swallowed. REMEMBER: Equipment that is provided specifically for the child e.g. hoists, may require a specific maintenance schedule. Safety of beds/cots If you are looking after babies, small children or children or young people who require fall prevention on their beds there is some specific information you should know.

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Cots and beds The size and type of bed should be appropriate to the age and needs of the child. All cots currently sold in the IK should conform to BSEN716. This should mean the cot is deep enough, that cot bars are less than 45-65mm apart and the cot does not have cut-outs or steps. Check the cot to be secure and that the mattress is completely covered with a waterproof cover that has no holes, splits and cracks which could allow baby vomit to soak into the mattress; a factor that has been linked to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (cot death). The cover must fit snugly. ‘Ventilated’ mattresses with holes are not recommended as it is not possible to keep the inside clean. The gap between mattress and cot-sides should be as small as possible and never greater than 4cms. There should be no corner post extensions and no decorative cut outs in the headboard or foot board. When you’re not in the room with the baby, keep the drop side of the cot up and locked. Sides should be a minimum of 50cms high. Position the cot away from windows, heaters, lamps, wall decorations, cords and furniture which can be used to climb out of the cot. A lot of toys in the cot could also help the baby to climb out. There are some further safe sleeping for babies tips on the website of ‘The Lullaby Trust.’ When the cot mattress is at its lowest height and the top rail is below the child’s chest, the child should be moved to a bed. Bumpers should never be used in cots. Duvets and/or pillows should not be used in a cot where the baby is under 1 year of age. Sheets should fit snugly and not be easily dislodged. Travel costs or Moses baskets should not be used for long periods. Toys should be removed from the cot when the baby is sleeping and, once the child can get on their hands and knees, mobiles/hanging toys should be removed. The use of side rails Side rails are sometimes used for children/young people who are at risk from falling from their beds at night. There are many types, designs and sizes of side rails, all with a variety of fitting and operation methods. That, together with the range of beds and mattresses, means that careful assessment is necessary if serious incidents are to be avoided. A supervising social worker alongside the local authority social worker should make an assessment of the child’s needs and decide whether a bed rail is required and advise carers accordingly. On selecting a bed rail the following should be considered.

Has the supplier or manufacturer provided enough information for its use

Are the side rails suitable for the bed/mattress to which it will be fitted?

Is the child’s head or body small enough to pass between the side rails’ bars?

Is the child’s head or body small enough to pass through the gap between the lower bed rail and the mattress?

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Is the child’s head or body small enough to pass through any gap between the bed rail and the side of the mattress?

There is more information at http://www.hse.gov.uk/healthservices/bed-rails.htm Safety of Playpens and High Chairs High chairs should conform to BS 5799 and have a harness and wide base to ensure that the child cannot climb out and the highchair remains stable. A child should be supervised when they are in their high chair.

Playpens should conform to BS4863 with sides at least 60cms high and gaps in railings should be no greater than 6cms. Chewable plastic padding should be removed from playpens.

Travelling By Car: Introduction During your time with the child or young person you will undoubtedly need to use your car to travel with the children you are looking after. Some children and young people will be very used to cars and some less so. Some will be disabled or have special circumstances that require special equipment. Some cars will have extra safety devices such as a pressure-sensitive cut-off to prevent damage to fingers, arms etc. that might be caught in a closing powered window, others may not have. You should consider any risks in relation to the child and put in place appropriate precautions and ensure adequate supervision.

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In 1982 it became compulsory for people travelling in the front of a car to wear a seat belt; in 1991 this was extended to people travelling in the back. More recently there has been concern that the legislation does not adequately protect children travelling in cars, therefore the following must be adhered to (unless there is an exemption on medical grounds):- Children and young people over the age of 12 or taller than 135cms must use seat belts when travelling in your car. Seat belts must be adjusted so that the lap strap is low and snug. The shoulder strap is snug and across the chest never across the face or throat.

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Children under the age of 12 year and 135cms in height aren’t big enough to travel without an appropriate ‘child restraint’ as the adult belt will not fit safely. For further information on the law relating to the use of child car seats, please refer to https://www.gov.uk/child-car-seats-the-rules/using-a-child-car-seat-or-booster-seat “Child restraints” is a collective term for:- Baby Seats – rear facing and for children up to 13kgs (approx. age birth to 9-12months) Child Seats – Forward facing and for children 9kgs to 18kgs (approx. age 9 months to 4 years) Booster Seats - For children from 15kgs to 25kgs, or 15kgs and up to

36kgs and up (from approx. 4 years) Booster Cushions- For children 22kgs and up (from approx. 6 years) It is safer for children to travel in the rear seats as there are more front impact crashes. Therefore, if you have the choice, put the child in a rear passenger seat. If the middle rear seat has a 3 point diagonal belt, this is the safest seat to travel in. Always check that the child seat fits properly in the position you have chosen. Choosing a suitable car seat All car seats for fostered children must be approved by your social worker as fit for purpose and compliant to the above guidance. Do not buy a Second Hand Seat As you cannot be certain of its history (it may have been involved in an accident and been seriously weakened – the damage may not be visible) and often the instructions are missing. Second hand seats are likely to be older and not designed to current standards.

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Some Do’s

Make sure your car is regularly serviced, well maintained and legal. Inform your Supervising Social Worker if you get any points on your licence.

Make sure pets and other animals are secure when travelling. Make sure luggage, shopping etc. can’t move whilst you are moving and can’t be opened by children.

Ensure you park where you can load and unload safely. Keep children safe whilst you park or drive off.

If you are driving an unfamiliar vehicle make sure you have been given information and shown how to use it. Make sure your insurance and driving licence covers you to drive this vehicle.

Fit child locks to the passenger doors if necessary. Some Don’ts

Don’t carry more people than your car is designed to hold.

Don’t carry children and young people in vans or other transport that is not designed and safe for passengers e.g. where appropriate restraints are not fitted.

Don’t leave children and babies alone in the car and don’t carry passengers in a caravan or trailer you are towing.

Don’t allow young people to drive your car unless agreed by their legal guardians, licensed and insured. Keep your car keys safe (where they cannot be taken by the child/young person and never leave them in the ignition).

Don’t drive under the influence of anything which affects your driving or makes your driving illegal.

Don’t carry children without agreement or under legal age on the back of motorbikes, and without them wearing a motorcycle helmet and appropriate clothing.

Don’t let children put their limbs out of the window while the car is moving or throw things out. Consider if there needs to be an additional adult to supervise them whilst you are driving.

Rear-facing baby seats MUST NOT be used in a seat protected by a frontal Airbag unless the airbag has been deactivated.

Cleaning and Other Dangerous Substances: Introduction Many common household substances such as cleaning materials, cosmetics, medicines, plants, alcohol, glue, insecticides and other chemicals such as paint and white spirit etc. can be dangerous. They can cause harm if they are inhaled, swallowed, touch or scratch the skin, or if they are splashed e.g. on clothes or in eyes.

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What you need to do will depend on the age and ability of the child you are looking after, however here are some general guidelines:- Some Do’s

Lock up medicines, vitamins and chemicals and keep alcohol out of reach (note some mouthwashes are alcohol based).

Keep batteries away from children (where there is a risk they may put them in or near their mouths). Dispose of damaged batteries safely.

Make sure mouse baits/traps or other pest control products are inaccessible to children. Enclosed bait boxes should be used.

Where non-drinking water is accessible and may be drunk by children, implement measures to prevent this.

Some Don’ts

Don’t leave cosmetics, shampoo etc. around (depending on age and ability of child).

Never mix chemicals.

Never transfer chemicals into other containers for storage.

Don’t leave children unsupervised when chemicals are being used.

Don’t have children with you if you use volatile cleaning products or other chemicals for household tasks.

REMEMBER: It is not only chemicals which can cause harm. Other everyday items can too:-

o Small items such as toys or fridge magnets can cause choking. If there is any reasonable doubt about whether a toy is suitable for a young child under 3 years old or at risk of choking on a toy, a choke hazard test should be carried out. A suitable tester is available at http://www.safetots.co.uk.

o Plastic bags and other packaging may cause asphyxiation. o Tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigarette butts are toxic when eaten. o Baths, rivers, paddling pools, garden ponds and even buckets of water could result in

drowning if the child is not adequately supervised. o Hot water, kettles, pans and unprotected heaters can cause scalds and burns –

ensure you check the temperature of water to be used for washing; thermostatic valves on baths and basins should be fitted to avoid excessive water temperatures.

o Cords on window blinds or clothes, cables etc. could be a strangulation hazard o Ensure that you dispose of items safely. Some children may remove items from

waste bins.

Most adults understand the risk associated with these substances

but a baby, child or young person may not. They may be attracted

by packaging, want to copy adult use, be at a stage of testing

everything by mouth or use the products in an unexpected way.

Your job is to protect them from these products and their actions.

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Pets and Animals: Introduction

There are many benefits to owning pets, and they give great happiness to many people. Most children and young people love pets and want to look after them hold and cuddle them. You as a carer need to make sure this can happen safely for the child and the pet. Most pets or animals can be dangerous in some way. Some danger is obvious, like a dog which could bark and scare or even bite, or a cat which could scratch. Other dangers are less obvious e.g. pet lizards excrete Salmonella bacteria and therefore should not be handled by the very young; un-wormed dogs or cats faeces may transmit Toxicara to people; pets jumping into a cot or playpen etc. may cause asphyxiation. When you have a child coming into your home you need to make sure they are safe and comfortable with any pets or animals you may have. Some carers own and keep horses or introduce children to horse riding centres/stables. You should ensure that those who supervise children around horses are competent to do so. There are also animals found in the wild that may cause harm. Ant and wasp nests should be appropriately treated. Another lesser known example which will require treatment is an infestation of the caterpillar of the brown tail moth. The caterpillar is brown and has a dotted white line down each side and 2 very distinctive red dots on the back of its tail. The caterpillar releases an irritant into the air which can cause irritation and affect some people quite severely. Some Do’s

Inform your Assessing / Supervising Social Worker if you have any pets. Information on pets is covered in your Health and Safety Check. In the event of concerns of any significant risk towards a child or young person, the Agency will consult with an appropriately qualified person.

Arrange appropriate supervision of children and animals when they are together.

Check that the children you are looking after are not a risk to or allergic to any of your pets, and decide with your Supervising Social Worker what to do if they are.

Keep pets out of the kitchen wherever possible, particularly when preparing food. Never let any animal onto work surfaces.

Always keep pet bowls separate from family crockery and wash them separately. Never let pets eat from family plates.

Always wash our hands after handling an animal or pet. Make sure everyone else in the household does the same.

Regularly empty litter trays and ensure that children do not come into contact with the pet litter.

Keep cages, hutches and other living spaces for pets clean, and dry them well before putting new bedding in place. Remember to vacuum pet cushions and baskets and clean them regularly.

Make sure children cannot insert their fingers or fall into fish and amphibian tanks.

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Clean up any fouling straight away, using hygienic processes and disinfectants where safe to do so. Special products are available from pet stores and veterinary practices for cleaning difficult surfaces. Always use rubber gloves, which must then be washed and disinfected.

Some Don’ts

Don’t carry animals and children together in the car or other vehicles unless the animal is in an appropriate carrying case or behind a cargo barrier.

Don’t let dogs or other animals lick children’s faces.

Don’t leave (ground floor) windows open or unprotected where anyone is sleeping if there is a possibility of an animal getting in.

Don’t allow children and young people to tease, provoke or mishandle pets and animals.

Indoor and Outdoor Play OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES: Introduction Children and young people will also spend a lot of time outside the home. This may be just in the backyard or garden, outside with friends or may be specific arranged activities such as visiting a theme park or joining a club. It makes sense, therefore, to follow the same principles of care as have been described in previous sections. Play is essential to young people’s development. In particular, play can be said to deliver the following benefits:

A space for children to meet and socialise with people of their own age

Physical, emotional and mental health and development

Children learn about themselves and their environment at their own pace Therefore, it is extremely important that whilst safety precautions should be taken this should not prevent children from playing. The following offers some guidelines:- The Garden Some garden and house plants are toxic, some sting or are thorny. Children will need to be supervised while playing in the garden until they learn that they must not touch or eat the plants. It may be possible to fence off a safe area of the garden near the house for the child to play in. Some flexible playpen systems are suitable for use in the garden as well. Pebbles can be a choking hazard, and toddlers have been known to eat soil. Young children should be supervised at all times in the garden. If they are helping in the garden then they should only use age /ability appropriate tools and should not be allowed to use chemicals or help to mow the lawn. Tools and chemicals should be locked up when not in use. The following measures will help ensure they are safe.

Check around the garden for items that are unstable such as benches or rotten trees. Check that railings and fences are not spiky or made of splintery wood.

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Check that there are no items which could fall down onto a child e.g. loose tiles. Be aware that items such as stones could be used as a missile and implement appropriate controls such as removal, supervision etc.

Paddling pools must be emptied straight away after use and either put away or turned upside down. Appropriate precautions should be taken to prevent children accessing ponds/streams etc. i.e. install adequate fencing.

Keep the washing line away from play equipment and above child’s head height.

Check that glass in greenhouses/cold frames etc. is safety glass (will usually have a kite mark etched onto it). If it is not safety glass section off so children cannot get near it, use a safety film or replace the glass.

Remember that barbecues stay hot long after you have finished using them. Toys Children love playing with toys; they are fun and can aid learning. It is important, however, to ensure that only toys which meet the required safety standards are provided, as thousands of children are injured each year in accidents involving toys. When selecting toys consider whether there is a risk of choking:

If children are likely to place the toys in their mouths consider whether small parts could come off and choke them.

Does hair come away when gently pulled or may seams of stuffed animal come away

Is there a string or cord on the toy longer than 20cms? A cord can too easily be wrapped around a young child’s neck, risking strangulation.

If there is any reasonable doubt about whether a toy is suitable for a young child under 3 years old or that they may be at risk of choking on a toy, a choke hazard test should be carried out. A suitable tester is available at http://www.safetots.co.uk. Outdoor Play Equipment When visiting a park, it can be assumed that the equipment available is provided to an appropriate standard, and appropriately placed. However, unfortunately, vandalism happens and therefore a quick check of the equipment to ensure it remains in good condition is always a good idea. Only allow children to play on age appropriate equipment and with the appropriate amount of supervision. When outdoor play equipment is provided at home it is a little more difficult. When purchasing play equipment look for the safety labels and ensure that it is appropriate for the age and ability of the child. Position equipment over something soft like a mat or well watered grass. Check play equipment at home regularly to ensure it remains in good condition and all the nuts and bolts are still tight. Cycling Safety Cycling can be an enjoyable pastime. Getting children interested in cycling at an early age is a great way to encourage them to exercise. However, it’s important that considerations to safety to prevent accidents. A bike that is too big or too small can affect a child’s balance. Buy the bike from a reputable dealer and ask their advice on the most appropriate type and size; if the cycle is to be used when it is dark lights and reflectors must be provided. Keep the child’s bike well maintained – check that the front and back lights work, the back reflector is clean and the brakes and tyres are working well.

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A cycle helmet can save a life. Try to ensure that one is worn every time the child/young person rides their bike; and ensure they are wearing suitable clothing so other road users to see them easily. Special cycle routes, paths and lanes can provide a safe area for cyclists; however, where children/young people are likely to ride on roads, they should know the basic skills required and have good road sense. Cycling proficiency courses are a good method of providing this.

It is dangerous to wear a personal stereo or use a mobile phone whilst cycling.

Trampolines Trampolines can be great fun and a very popular among children; however, as they are increasingly being found in gardens across the UK the number of accidents associated with them are also increasing. If you do have a trampoline or are thinking about purchasing one you should give very careful consideration to all the safety implications. Purchasing: Only buy trampolines from a reputable supplier and

always ensure that the trampoline is fitted with safety pads that cover the springs, hooks and frame and which can be easily seen i.e. in a contrasting colour from the mat. Safety netting reduces the chance of the child falling off the trampoline and can be purchased separately.

Positioning: You should make sure you have adequate space to safely position the trampoline away from any hazards such as walls, trees, green houses, washing lines etc. There should be at least 2.5 metres clearance right the way around the trampoline. It should be placed on an energy absorbing surface such as sand or bark – where it is possible mats should be put down. Setting Rules: Strict ground rules should be set with the children before allowing them to use the trampoline. This includes agreeing that only 1 person will use the trampoline at one time, no jewellery, no going under the trampoline when someone else is jumping, don’t jump off the trampoline – and definitely NO somersaults etc. Trampolines are not suitable for toddlers or very young children.

Children should always be supervised whilst on the trampoline; however, supervision alone is no guarantee of safety.

Some Do’s

Supervise children. In general, it is safer to keep the child’s play area tidy and supervise children when they are playing.

Always follow warnings and instructions provided on toys.

Make sure the toy is suitable for the child. Many toys come with recommended age sticker but you should still consider whether it is suitable to the individual child’s ability and stage of development.

Regularly check the toys remain in good condition and throw away damaged toys.

Check garden swings and slides. Are they robust and safely fixed? Check they don’t pose a strangulation risk.

Look for the official European Community (CE) symbol on the toy. This is a claim by the supplier that their toy meets the requirements of the EC Toy Safety Directive.

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Look also for the British Toy Manufacturers Association ‘Lion Mark’. One of the requirements of this trade association is that members’ toys will meet the safety requirements.

Some Don’ts

Don’t allow children to ride bikes that are too big or small as this may lead to the child not being able to control it properly. Insist that a cycling helmet is worn.

Don’t significantly alter or modify toys.

Don’t allow children to play on trampolines with rips or tears or other broken toys.

Don’t leave children unsupervised in and around water/paddling pools.

Always encourage children to wear appropriate protective clothing/equipment

Sun Safety

When we do get that long awaited sunshine we like to make the most of it. However, if we are not careful, the sun’s rays can cause damage to skin and eyes. Children and babies are particularly at risk because of their delicate skins. Babies in particular should be kept out of the sun. Use sunshades on prams and never leave babies unattended outside, as they are unable to move with the shade. Encourage children to wear cool, loose clothing which covers the skin and a hat to protect their heads. Clothing made from tightly woven fabrics, such as cotton, offer good protection from the sun’s rays. Older children should wear sunglasses to protect their eyes from strong sunlight. Sunglasses should conform to BSI Standard BS EN ISO 12312-1. Try to keep out of the sun between the hours of 11am and 3pm. You could do this by encouraging children to play in the shade or by arranging other activities like walks in the woods etc. When neither protective clothing nor staying in the shade is practical, a high factor sunscreen should be used. Children should have as high a SPF factor as possible applied regularly; Factor 30 is an absolute minimum.

Action in Event of Overexposure

DO learn from the experience and try not to repeat

DO take regular cool baths or showers or apply cool compresses

DO apply a soothing lotion such as calamine or after sun to the burned skin

DO avoid exposure to the sun until fully recovered

DO avoid contact with harsh soaps and other products

DO increase your fluid intake to replace water lost through sweating

DO NOT apply petroleum jelly, ointment or butter to the sunburn

DO NOT burst any blisters or rub the skin Do advise your Supervising Social Worker and Child’s Social Worker if there has been an episode of over-exposure to the sun

Persons suffering other than mild sunburn should see their doctor, especially if there are any associated symptoms of fever, chills, upset stomach, confusion, faintness, dizziness, rapid pulse, rapid breathing, increased thirst, painful eye(s) or eye(s) that are sensitive to light.

Some persons are allergic to certain types of sunscreen. It is wise to apply just a little of the sunscreen to a test area of the skin to check for adverse reactions, before it is subsequently applied.

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Placements on Working Farms/Small Holdings

The HSE has a range of publications regarding the safety of children on farms. The workers who carry out the foster carer home risk assessment and due diligence checks, on placements at working farms, need to read the HSE guidance. It might be a good idea to ask an inspector from HSE or the local Environmental Health Department to accompany them. It is also important that the children/young people who are to be placed at a working farm have an adequate induction to farm health and safety beforehand. Advice must be sought by Supervising Social Workers on how that induction will be provided

Summary Everyday life is full of hazards and risks. We cannot or should not eliminate them for children and young people; however, we can ‘manage’ them and avoid serious accidents. As we get older many of us become able to make informed judgements and choices for ourselves around the hazards we are faced with, what risks we choose to take an what things we will put in place to keep ourselves, and those we care for, safe. What you must remember though is that the children or young people you care for will need the education and support from you to make these choices safely until they are capable of doing this for themselves. We do hope that you have found this handbook helpful in explaining to you about the things you need to know in order to carry out your role as a Foster Carer safely.

Training, Support and Development Standards (TSDS) Standards met of ‘Training, Support and Development Standards for Foster Care’ when carers complete activities in their portfolio.

‘Training, Support and Development Standards for Foster Care’

Health and Safety Handbook Section/Activity

Standard Main Area/Outcome

1 3.c.c Indoor and Outdoor Play

3 1.a.a Summary

3 1.b.b Summary

3 2.a.a Electrical and Gas Safety Home Hygiene Indoor and Outdoor Play

3 2.b.b Home Hygiene

3 2.c.c Fire Safety

3 3.d.d Indoor & Outdoor Play

3 4.a.a General Safety in the Home

3 5.a.a Throughout handbook

7 3.e.e Throughout handbook

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Further Resources: The following internet sites contain further information on health and safety in and around the home. Carers and workers may

find these useful if they want more information than is contained within the handbook.

Topic Area Brief Summary Web Address

Fire Safety The Government has published ‘The Fire Prevention Handbook’. The handbook is split into sections which cover prevention, detection, escape and specific guidance around children.

http://campaigns.direct.gov.uk/firekills/

This website has a form which could be used as a template to assist you in recording your family’s fire plans in event of a fire.

www.gov.je (type in fire plans in the search box)

Electrical and Gas Safety

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents provides further advice around electrical safety

www.rospa.com (type electrical safety in the search box)

Gas Safety Register provides advice to gas consumers, including what to do in the event of a gas leak.

www.gassaferegister.co.uk

Home/Food Hygiene Food Standards Agency website gives further advice on food safety www.eatwell.gov.uk

Road Safety Advice from the Road Safety Charity ‘Brake’. www.brake.org.uk

Cleaning and other dangerous substances in the home and garden

The Royal Horticultural Society has produced a leaflet providing guidance on potentially harmful garden plants

www.rhs.org.uk (type harmful plants in search box)

Poisons Information Centre of Ireland have an information page which supplies information such as poison prevention in the home, explains hazard warning signs and what to do in an emergency.

www.poisons.ie (go to the public heading)

Domestic and Garden Equipment

Advice from the Electrical Safety Council on how to avoid electric shocks in the home. Includes rules on electrical work.

www.electricalsafety.org.uk

Placements on Working Farms

HSE website has guidance on how to keep children/young people safe and health on farms.

www.hse.gov.uk

Water Safety The Royal Society for the prevention of accidents www.ruadummy2.org.uk

Swimming Pools Royal life Saving Society UK has advice on accident prevention www.rlss.org.uk

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Foster carers and Smoking

The health, safety and wellbeing of children and young people are at the heart of policies and practice related to children in care. This includes taking into consideration the effects of smoking on children who are in foster care, and recognising the important role that foster carers and social workers have in protecting all aspects of a child’s health while they are in care.

www.fostering.net (search smoking)

Firearms and other weapons

These websites explain the laws associated with the ownership and use of firearms in Great Britain and Northern Ireland (different legislation applies). Each website defines what is meant by a firearm in the area covered, which can include powerful airguns and come Carbon dioxide (CO₂) weapons.

www.met.police.uk www.psni.police.uk

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

This website has information on how to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) also referred to as cot deaths.

www.nhs.uk

Child Accident Prevention Trust

On the CAPT website there are a range of leaflets, factsheets for parents/carers and professionals.

www.capt.org.uk

The following internet sites contain games and child focused resources to help raise children’s and young people’s awareness of Health and Safety.

Topic Area Web Address

General Safety and fire safety in the home

www.crucial-crew.org www.hazardhouse.com www.homesafetygame.com www.nfpa.org/sparky www.safetycentre.co.uk

Road Safety www.brake.org.uk http://think.direct.gov.uk