Fossil Fuels. State Performance Indicator 0707.7.9 – Evaluate how human activities affect the...
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Transcript of Fossil Fuels. State Performance Indicator 0707.7.9 – Evaluate how human activities affect the...
Fossil Fuels
State Performance Indicator
• 0707.7.9 – Evaluate how human activities affect the
condition of the earths land, water, and atmosphere.
Fossil Fuels: Bill Nye
Fossil Fuels
• Definition:– Nonrenewable energy resources formed from the
remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
– Remember…all living things are at least partially made of carbon!
– 3 types of fossil fuels:• Petroleum (liquid)• Natural gas (gas)• Coal (solid)
Petroleum
• Definition:– A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds– Also known as crude oil– Must be refined, or processed, to make several
products– Uses:
• Fuels (gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, etc..)• Styrofoam• Plastic• Synthetic Rubber
Petroleum
• More than 40% of the world’s energy consumption is related to petroleum-based products
Natural Gas
• Definition:– Gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons– Highly flammable– Often found with petroleum deposits
• Uses:– Heat– Butane, propane, etc…
Petroleum & Natural Gas Formation
Petroleum & Natural Gas Formation
• Microscopic sea organisms died millions of years ago.
• Their remains settled on the ocean floor.• Sedimentation occurred.• Heat, pressure, and time slowly changed the
remains into petroleum and natural gas.• This formation is an ongoing process.
Coal
• Definition:– Solid fossil fuel formed from partially decomposed
plant material– Different grades, or kinds, of coal form under
special conditions– Made the Industrial Revolution possible
• Primary Use:– Electricity
Coal Formation• Swamp plants die and sink to the bottom of the
swamp.• The plants partially decompose and form peat, a
brown, crumbly substance made mostly of plant material and water.
• Peat is buried by sediment.• Heat and pressure change peat into coal over millions
of years.
*Think: Is coal sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous rock?
Check for Understanding
• Name 3 uses for petroleum.
• What is the primary use for natural gas?
• What is the primary use for coal?
Fossil Fuel Issues
Fossil Fuel Issues
• Our modern society relies on fossil fuels.• Unfortunately, they come at a great cost.• In order to understand these costs, consider
the following:1. Extraction (Drilling & Mining)2. Transportation 3. Pollution
Extraction
• Definition– The removal of fossil fuels from their natural
location.
• Methods of extraction depend on the fossil fuel.
• Examples:– Coal mining– Oil drilling (on & offshore)
Mountaintop Removal
Mountaintop Removal
Strip Mining
BP Spill – Gulf of Mexico
BP Gulf Oil Spill
BP Gulf Oil Spill
Transportation
• After fossil fuels have been extracted, they are transported around the world.
• During transportation, accidents and natural disasters can result in major spills.
• Examples:– Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez
Kingston Coal Ash Spill
Kingston Coal Ash Spill
Kingston Coal Ash Spill
Pollution
Pollution
• Remember that ALL fossil fuels contain carbon.
• When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon into the atmosphere, often in the form of carbon dioxide.
• Carbon dioxide is one of the major contributing pollutants of global climate change.
Pollution
• When fossil fuels are burned, other pollutants are also released into the atmosphere.
• Examples:– Mercury– Nitrogen oxides– Sulfur oxides– Carbon monoxide– Particulates– Ozone– Methane
Effects of Pollution from Fossil Fuels
• Acid Precipitation• Smog• Lung disease• Neurological disease• Global Climate Change