Fossil Fuels Report

8/10/2019 Fossil Fuels Report

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Fossil Fuels


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What are fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

are indeed

created

from

fossils.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_Fuels


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Fossil fuels are our dominant source of

energy

Cheap

Large Amount of Energy (usually converted to electricity)


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What are different types of fossil Fuels?

Coal, oil and natural gas.

http://web.me.com/davgen1/ILS_12-22/Fossil_Fuels.html


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Hard

Black

Rock-like

A nonrenewable energy source because it

takes millions of years to create.

Energy in coal comes from the energy stored

by plants that lived hundreds of millions of

years ago(http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=coal_home-basics)

Coal Facts


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Coal


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These fuels were dug out of the ground. They had taken millions of

years to make and so are called FOSSIL FUELS and are NON-

RENEWABLE.

COALMade from the remains of plants which

died millions of years ago


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Coal mining affects the environment


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History of Coal

Coal Timeline:

200 BC - first published record of coal used for heating(Greece)

300 AD - Coal adopted as heat source in China

1285 AD - Coal burning begins to pollute London

1700s- Commercial mining began (invention of steamengine), Industrial Revolution

1950 -coal provides 60% of world energy sources

2000 - coal provides 30% of world energy sources asdependence

on petroleum grows


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Coal is mined from the surface and

below ground

Subsurface mining= underground deposits arereached by digging networks of tunnels deep

underground Strip mining= heavy machinery removes huge

amounts of earth to expose and extract the coal Mountaintop removal= in some cases, entire

mountaintops are cut off to obtain the coal


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Two forms of coal mining


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Coal is mainly used generating electricity.

Separated ingredients of coal (such as

methanol and ethylene) are used in making;

Tar, Fertilizers, Medicine, Coke, Steel, Cement (http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=coal_home-basics)

How Coal is used as a Fossil Fuel


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Is lighter than air

Provides 25% of global commercial energyconsumption

Usually found near petroleum underground.

Pumped from below ground and travels inpipelines to storage areas.

No odor Cant see it(http://web.me.com/davgen1/ILS_12-22/Fossil_Fuels.html)

Natural Gas Facts


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Advantages of natural gas

Cleaner to burn Half as much CO2 as coal

More efficient 10% energy lost

More heat/unit weight than any other

fossil fuel

60-year supply at current rates


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Disadvantages of natural gas

Difficult to transport Pipelines

Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) tankers

Can be polluting, dangerous whenextracted

Methane bed drilling pollutes


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Natural gas has only recently been

widely used

Plutarch called naturally burning gas in Iraq eternal fires

The first commercial extraction occurred in 1821 but was only

used locally, because it could not be transferred safely

First used to light street lamps, then for heating and cooking

After thousands of miles of pipes were laid, natural gas

transport became safer and more economical


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DOOR TO HELL natural gas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gM7Bt-

glqyY


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Natural gas is often wasted

Coalbed methane= from coal seams, leaks to theatmosphere during mining

In remote oil-drilling areas, natural gas is flared:

simply burned off In Alaska, gas captured during oil drilling is being

reinjected into the ground for future use

Landfills produce biogenic natural gas Operators are capturing and selling it


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Produce; Steel, Glass, Paper, Clothing, Brick,

Electricity

Some products that use natural gas as a raw

material are: Paints, Fertilizer, Plastics,

Antifreeze, Dyes, Photographic film,

Medicines, and Explosives.

Modern Use of Natural Gas


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Oil is a thick, black, gooey liquid also

called petroleum.

a mixture of hundreds of different types of

hydrocarbon molecules)

Oil is the worlds most used fuel since the

1960s

Oil is carried in pipelines and large tanker

ships

Oil Facts


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Oilwasformedmore than 300 million years

ago from the remains diatoms that lived

millions of years ago in a marine (water)

environment.

transformed by time, heat, and pressure(http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=oil_home-basics)

(http://web.me.com/davgen1/ILS_12-22/Fossil_Fuels.html)

How Oil is Formed


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History

Ancient times- construction of the walls in

Babylon, used for waterproofing of ships

1848- First modern oil well

1849- Distillation of kerosene

1886 Gasoline-powered automobiles


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We drill to extract oil

Exploratory drilling = small, deep holes to determinewhether extraction should be done

Oil is under pressure and often rises to the surface

Primary extraction = the initial drilling and pumping ofavailable oil

Secondary extraction = solvents, water, or stream is used

to remove additional oil; expensive

We lack the technology to remove every bit of oil

As prices rise, it becomes economical to reopen a well


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Primary and secondary oil extraction


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Not all oil can be extracted

Some oil would be so hard to extract, it is notworth the cost

As prices rise, economically recoverable amountsapproach technically recoverable amounts

Proven recoverable reserve= the amount of oil (orany other fossil fuel) that is technically andeconomically feasible to remove under currentconditions


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Advantage

Most versatile fossil fuel

Cleaner and easier to burn than coal

Easily combustible


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Disadvantage

it leaves behind harmful by-products upon

combustion, thereby causing a lot of pollution

a major cause of global warming.

mining of oil leads to irreversible damage to

the environment; (oil spill)

Finite resources


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Used for petroleum products and motor

gasoline

A few products made from petroleum: Ink,

crayons, Dishwashing liquids, Deodorant,

Eyeglasses, CDs and DVDs, Tires(http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=oil_home-basics)

How Oil is Used as a Fossil Fuel


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Petroleum products have many usesExtracted oil is refined to create many products

Fossil Fuels Report

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