Fagligt skøn og kliniske retningslinjer – hinandens modsætninger eller forudsætninger?
Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige information
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Transcript of Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige information
Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige information
Informationen, der ligger til grund for denne præsentation, er udgivet til fri afbenyttelse i forbindelse med videnformidling om dansk frøarbejde. Eneste betingelse er, at der bliver refereret til Danseed.
Ligeledes må de mange billeder benyttes til videnformidling, forudsat at de bliver krediteret til angivne ophavsmænd eller til Danseed hvis ingen anden kilde er angivet.
Med venlig hilsen
Danseed – Center for Frøvidenskab
Indholdsfortegnelse
Kort introduktion (THO) Korn (JRJ) Markfrø (BIO) Havefrø (BIO) Træfrø (MJ) Roefrø (HC) Organisering (THO) Uddannelse (CHOL) Frøkontrol (ULBM) Sameksistens (BIO) Nordisk Genbank (CA) Udviklingslande (OSL) Teknologi (BIO) Danske aktører (SVTN)
Introduktion
Thomas HolstDansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen
Under udarbejdelse
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
Korn
Johannes Ravn JørgensenAarhus Universitet
Cerealienetværket http://www.cernet.dk/
Hvede anvendelse - global Hvede er primært
anvendt til human ernæring
Hvede kvalitet Udbytte Forarbejdningsegnethed ensartethed, farve,
udseende, kemisk sammensætning
Human ernæringIndustriel anvendelseFoderUdsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Rug anvendelse - global Rug er som brødkorn kun overgået
af hvede i betydning, og det vigtigste brødkorn i Skandinavien og Østeuropa
Uden for Europa er rug hovedsageligt brugt til fodder
En lille del anvendes til destillering
Human ernæringIndustriel anvendelseFoderUdsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Byg anvendelse - global Den primære udnyttelse af byg er til:
foder for husdyr, især svin til maltning og brygning ved
fremstilling af øl og ved destillation til whisky
Til human ernæring
Human ernæringIndustriel anvendelseFoderUdsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Havre anvendelse - global En lille del af havre-
produktionen formales til produkter der indgår i den humane diæt: havremel til grød og
havrekager valset havre til grød,mel,
babymad og til fremstilling af morgemadsprodukter
Hovedparten anvendes dog til foder, traditionelt heste.
Human ernæringIndustriel anvendelseFoderUdsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Produktion og anvendelse af korn i Danmark
Vinterhvede55.2%
Rug1.5%
Vårhvede0.4%
Triticale1.8%
Vårbyg27.5%
Vinterbyg10.4%
Havre og blandsæd
3.2%
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Anvendelse af korn i Danmark
Foder (88,5%)
Mel, gryn mv. (4,2%)
Industri (malt), (3,9%)
Udsæd (3,4%)
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Kvalitetsanalyser i korn
Maltbyg Spireenergi Protein Fusarium Kernestørrelse
Foder Energi Stivelse Protein Mykotoxiner
Brødhvede Meludbytte Protein/gluten Faldtal Mykotoxiner
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Kornkvalitet
Kemiske egenskaber Kemiske indholdsstoffer Uønskede sporstoffer Proces kvalitet
Fysiske egenskaber Sundhed Renhed Skader Vitalitet
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Kornkvalitet fysiske og kemiske egenskaber
Kvalitet
Fysiske egenskaber
Kemiske egenskaber
Sundhed Renhed
Tilstand Skader
Protein
UrenhederUønskede sporstoffer
Fremmed-legemer
Frø af andre arter
Myko-toxinerVarme skade
Spiring
Insekt-skader Pesticider
UkendteSorts-renhed
Mider / skadedyr
Ekskre-menter
Stivelse
Olie
Fiber
Misfarvning
Umodent korn
Knækkede kerner
Rumvægt
Farve
Kerne-størrelse
Meldrøjer
Vand-indhold Mineraler
Aminosyrer
Gluten
Vand
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Markfrø
Birte BoeltAarhus Universitet
Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst http://www.froevaekst.dk/
Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http://www.seedland.dk/
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Under udarbejdelse
Havefrø
Birte BoeltAarhus Universitet
Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst http://www.froevaekst.dk/
Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http://www.seedland.dk/
Grass seed production area
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Ac
res
Oregon Canada New Zealand EU-25 Denmark
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Production area EU-25
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Species in production in Denmark
Main speciesPerennial ryegrassRed fescueKentucky bluegrass
OthersTall Fescue Cocksfoot Italian ryegrassHybrid ryegrassMeadow FescueTimothyBentgrass
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Danish production area
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
100.000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Ac
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Per ryegrass Ital ryegrass Cocksfoot Red fescue Tall Fescue Kent bluegrass
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Restrictions on pesticide use Tax on pesticides Restrictions on a national level
No specific restrictions at farm level
Registered pesticides Many pesticides are not registered anymore Few new products Off label use
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Registered pesticides
Many pesticides are not registered anymore
Few new products Off label use
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Restrictions on nitrogen use
Crop standard 10-15% below economic optimal rate
Total amount of Nitrogen per farm per year
Nitrogen budgets
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
EstablishmentLight and space especially for slow growing species
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Flowering
6 tillers
2-4 leaves
Control 25 50 100 200 g/ha
Screening of Pesticides
Solvejg K. Mathiassen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Spinach seed production- more than 70% of world production
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Vegetable and flower seed
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Seed tecnology
Image analysis
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Træfrø
Martin JensenAarhus Universitet
Under udarbejdelse
Martin Jensen, Aarhus Universitet
Roefrø
??
Under udarbejdelse
?, ?
Organisering af markfrøbranchen
Thomas HolstDansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen
Aktører i den danske frøbranche
4.000 frøavlere Markfrøfirmaer m. kontraktavl
2 danske 1 hollandsk
Dansk Planteforædling A/S Dansk Landbrug (Frøsektionen) Forskning og forsøg
Forskningsprogram frøavl AU DJF, Frøafgiftsfonden, DFFE innovationsloven
Projekter finansieret direkte af Frøafgiftsfonden Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning, Landscentret AU DJF KU LIFE
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
Uddannelse
Christian OlsenSelandia, CEU
The Danish education system
http://www.studyindenmark.dk
Primary and lower secondary school
**) After schoolstart 7 years old.
**)
Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse
Vocationel training(Erhvervsuddannelser)Vocationel training(Erhvervsuddannelser)
Diploma programmes(Kort videregående
uddannelser)
Diploma programmes(Kort videregående
uddannelser)
Higher educations(Universitetsuddannelser)
Higher educations(Universitetsuddannelser)
•Jordbrugsmaskinfører•Faglært landmand•Jordbrugsassistent
Futher educations•Grønt bevis•Grønt diplom•Agrarøkonom•AMU-kurser
AP graduate inAgricultural Science(Jordbrugsteknolog – landbrug)
BSc in natural resources(Naturressourcer)
MSc in Agricultural Science (Agronom)
PhD
Upper secundary education
(Gymnasium)
Upper secundary education
(Gymnasium)
Links: http://www.ug.dk/Internationalt.aspx / http://www.studyindenmark.dk/
Education in Agriculture
Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse
Frøkontrol
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen Plantedirektoratet
E. Møller-Holst
Seed testing since 1871
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
www.danseed.dk/training
Training
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
Expert assistance
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
Percent authorized sampling and analysis
Authorisation
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
Sameksistens
Birte BoeltAarhus Universitet
Sameksistens / Coexistence
Denmark first EU country to make rules on coexistence between genetically modified,
conventional and organic crops
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
The Danish model
Coexistence Three groups appointed
The expert group (scientific analysis) The legal group (liability) The contact group (stakeholders)
Scientific report
Discussions
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
"Act on the Growing etc. of Genetically Modified Crops"
Danish Act No. 436 of 9 June 2004 http://www.fvm.dk/fvm_uk
Ministerial order 31 March, 2005 Revision ? March 2008
- applies to commercial growing, handling, sale and transport of genetically modified crops as far as the first buyer
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
The Act implies rules for
Control measures isolation distance, cropping intervals,
cleaning of farm equipment, handling and storage facilities
Education and certification Information / communication Liability and compensation
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Nordic Gene Bank
Christian AndreasenKøbenhavns Universitet
A presentationA presentation……Utilizing Gene Banks today;Utilizing Gene Banks today; - Key words: Focus & Diversification - Key words: Focus & Diversification
Nordic Gene Bank
Nordic Gene Bank
Who we are… Material Documentation International collaboration Utilization
Global Seed Vault - Svalbard
What we do…
Collect, Secure - and Use
Conserve and document genetic variationin Nordic material from plant speciesuseful for agriculture and horticulture.
Make genetic resourcesand allied information availablefor plant breeding, researchand any other bona fide use.
Nordic Gene Bank
Nordic Gene BankWhat we do... - Mandate
The Nordic Gene Bank (NGB), an institution which
Reports to the Nordic Council of Ministers Is a centre for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic
resources in the Nordic countries Has mandate to conserve and document the genetic variation in
Nordic material from plant species useful for agriculture and horticulture
Is to make stored material available for plant breeding, research and any other bona fide use
Is to foster rational co-operation between the Nordic countries in their efforts to use plant genetic resources for plant breeding and plant breeding research
Is to participate in international co-operation in the conservation and use of plant genetic resources.
Nordic Gene Bank
Activities focused on
Contribute to a sustainable use of plant genetic resources
Conservation and documentation of Plant genetic resources from or of relevance for the Nordic Region - cultivated species
Knowledge transfer by participating in research and education in the Nordic Countries and elsewhere
NGB surveys international trends scientifically and politically aiming at influencing the international agenda and to advice National authorities on matters concerning Plant Genetic Resources
Nordic Gene Bank
How we are… organized - structure
NB: Reorganization undergoing:
From 1st Jan. 2008: NORDGEN Will include:
Nordic Gene Bank Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals Nordic Forestry Seed and Plant Counsel
Mandate: Biodiversity – genetic resources
Nordic Gene Bank
How we are… organized - structure “Internal”: Staff - 25 persons 4 Departments
Seed Store
Biology Department,(Agriculture & Horticulture)incl. molecular and in vitro Lab
IT- and Documentation Unit
Administrative Team
Work ing Groups
N O R D I C G E N E B A N K , 1997
Cereals
Fruit and Berries
Potatoes
Forage Crops
Vegetables
Root Crops , Oil P lants and P ulses
Nordic Gene BankHow we are… organized - structure
“External”:
Working Groups- with external experts representing scientific community,plant breeders and other relevant partners for the Gene Bank
Cereals
Fruit and Berries
Potatoes (ad hoc)
Forage Crops
Vegetables
Oil Plants (ad hoc)
Spicers and medicinal plants (project group)
Nordic Gene Bank
Based on the principlethat gene banking should be:
Inexpensive and durable
Basically available for any national and regional program at reasonable cost
Not require: much advanced planning in terms of a large storage facility huge initial investments to get started.
Nordic Gene Bank Partners:
Working Groups!!!! National programs!!!! Other gene banks Universities & research institutions Scientific projects Breeding companies Government departments and authorities Museums Botanic gardens & parks Schools & education centers Hobby growers / Associations ”NGO’s” - networks etc.
Nordic Gene Bank
Conservation Ex situ (off-site conservation)
seed gene bank field gene bank in vitro Cryo-preservation
In situ (on-site conservation) on farm protected natural habitats / wild parks wild habitat
Nordic Gene BankEx situseed bank
Active Collection (Alnarp, Sweden) Distribution, characterisation, multiplication,
germination tests
Base Collection (Årslev, Denmark) Long term storage, rejuvenation
Safety Collection (Svalbard, Norway) Duplication of base collection samples
Nordic Gene Bank Material
Primary collections: Cereals 17532 Forage 5067 Fruits & berries 153 Potato 557 Oil crops 1554 Vegetables 6446 Industrial crops 156 Landscape 14 Forest trees 16 Spices and
medicinal plants(in process) app. 300
Special collections: Lundquist mutant collection 9760 MacKey NIL-collection(in process) 400 Other special cereal collections 1321 New special collections
(in process) app. 5000
MIT – future/soon? Varieties? - Hybrid parents? - GMO’s? - Research material?
Nordic Gene BankInternational activities Expert consultation, development of regional PGR programs
SIDA based programs: SADC - since 1989 Baltic region Eastern Africa – EAPGREN, since 2006 Balkan region – SEEDNet, since 2004 CAC, from 2007
IT +: GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility TDWG – Biodiversity Information Standards ECPGR, EPGRIS3, EURISCO BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Service for Europe GCP – Generation Challenge Program , on behalf of Bioversity Crop Wild Relatives – Global Portal, on behalf of Bioversity ABCD 2.06 - Access to Biological Collection Data (Berlin Botanical Garden) ALIS - Global Accession Level Information System (in process), together with Bioversity
Safety Storage: Svalbard Global Seed Vault
(Seed distributions, international, conferences, workshops, seminars)
Udviklingslande
Ole Søgaard LundKøbenhavns Universitet
Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries
The centre works for reduction of poverty through improvement of seed qualityand seed technology in developing countries. Particularly, the centre has expertice in seed-borne pathogens.The centre is part of Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of LIFE Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
http://www.dshc.life.ku.dk/
Teknologi
Birte BoeltAarhus Universitet
Under udarbejdelse
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
Danske aktører
Svend Tveden-NyborgAarhus Universitet
Under udarbejdelse
Svend Tveden-Nyborg, Aarhus Universitet