Fortis Power Performance Report

3933 US Route 11 Cortland, NY 13045

Telephone: (607) 753-6711 Facsimile: (607) 753-1045 www.intertek-etlsemko.com

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This report is for the exclusive use of Interteks Client and is provided pursuant to the agreement between Intertek and its Client. Interteks responsibility and liability are limited to the terms and conditions of the agreement. Intertek assumes no liability to any party, other than to the Client in accordance with the agreement, for any loss, expense or damage occasioned by the use of this report. Only the Client is authorized to permit copying or distribution of this report and then only in its entirety. Any use of the Intertek name or one of its marks for the sale or advertisement of the tested material, product or service must first be approved in writing by Intertek. The observations and test results in this report are relevant only the sample tested. This report by itself does not imply that the material, product or service is or has ever been under an Intertek certification program.

Intertek Testing Services NA, Inc. SD 12.1.2 (11/11/10) Informative

April 5, 2012 Intertek Test Report No. 100146060CRT-003 Project No. G100146060

Johan Kuikman Phone: 310505515666 Fortis Wind Energy BV Aduarderdiepsterweg 9b email: [email protected] 9475-EL-HOOGKERK Netherlands

Subject: Power performance test report for the Fortis Wind Energy Montana tested at the Intertek Small Wind Regional Test Center (RTC).

Dear Mr. Kuikman,

This Test Report represents the results of the evaluation and tests of the above referenced equipment under Intertek Project No. G100146060, as part of the US Department of Energy and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (DOE/NREL) Subcontract Agreement No. AEE 0-40878-02, to the requirements contained in the following standard:

IEC 61400-12-1 Wind Turbines - Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines; December 2005

This investigation was authorized through signed proposal no. Q500233379, dated May 25, 2010. A production sample was installed at the Intertek RTC on January 14th, 2011. Power performance testing began on April 20th, 2011 and data collection continued through May 2nd, 2011.

This Test Report completes the power performance testing phase of the Fortis Wind Energy Montana under Intertek Project No. G100146060.

If there are any questions regarding the results contained in this report, or any of the other services offered by Intertek, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.

Please note, this Test Report on its own does not represent authorization for the use of any Intertek certification marks.

Completed by: Joseph Spossey Reviewed by: Tom Buchal Title: Project Engineer Title: Senior Staff Engineer

Signature:

Signature

Fortis Wind Energy Test Report No. 100146060CRT-003 April 5, 2012

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Wind Turbine Generator System Power Performance Test Report

for the Fortis Wind Energy Montana

tested at Intertek Small Wind Regional Test Center


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1.0 Background

This test is conducted as part of the DOE/NREL Subcontract Agreement No. AEE-0-40878-02 for the testing of small wind turbines at regional test centers. The Fortis Wind Energy, B.V., Montana Wind Energy System was accepted into this program by Intertek and DOE/NREL. The full scope of type testing provided by Intertek for the Fortis Montana horizontal-axis wind turbine is covered by this agreement. This test report is a summary of the results of power performance testing, and is one of four tests required on the Fortis Montana turbine; the other three being duration, safety and function, and acoustics. Results for these other tests are summarized in their respective Test Reports.

The Fortis Montana turbine is installed at Test Station #2 at the Intertek RTC in Otisco, NY. The Fortis Montana is designed for grid-connected power delivery, with a maximum power output of 5 kW. It is classified as a Class II upwind direct drive turbine with speed and power control through horizontal furling and electric dampening. The Fortis Montana has a three-phase brushless variable speed generator with permanent magnet excitation that is rated for operation at 220V. The turbine system has multiple output configurations; for testing at the Intertek RTC, the output and grid interconnect is provided by a WB5000-US WindyBoy inverter at 240V single phase. The tower and foundation were designed and approved by Nello Corporation. The designs were based off of the Subsurface Investigation and Geotechnical Evaluation detailed in Atlantic Testing Laboratories report number CD3119E-01-05-10.

The electrical network at the testing location is single/split phase 120/240 VAC at 60 Hz. Refer to the wiring diagrams in Appendix A for additional detail. A summary of the test turbine configuration and manufacturers declared ratings can be found in Table 1 below.

2.0 Test Objective

The purpose of this test is to quantify the power performance characteristics of the Fortis Montana turbine shown on page 2, and described in detail in Table 1. These characteristics are primarily defined by the measured power curve, which provides a basis for estimates on Annual Energy Production. The power curve is determined by simultaneous measurements of turbine output power and wind speed for a given period of time. The required database is sufficient to understand the power performance characteristics of the Fortis Montana in real world free-stream airflow.

3.0 Test Summary

This test was conducted in accordance with the first edition of the International Electrotechnical Commissions (IEC) Wind Turbines - Part 12-1: power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines, IEC 61400-12-1 Annex H dated December, 2005. Hereafter, this testing standard and its procedures are referred to as the Standard.

Figure 1 is the summary of results from the power performance test conducted on the Fortis Montana turbine. In Figure 1, wind speed is normalized to sea-level air density. The amount of test data analyzed to produce Figure 1 is sufficient to meet the database requirements of the Standard. Table 1 identifies the configuration of the wind turbine system tested for this report. The power measurement equipment used for measurement of electric power consists of both a current transformer and power transducer used to measure current and voltage to determine electric power output in accordance with the Standard. The location of power measurement equipment encompasses the combined consumption and production of the entire turbine system. Refer to Appendix A for wiring diagrams.


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Figure 1 - Power curve summary


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Turbine manufacturer Fortis Wind Energy B.V. Model Montana Rated Electrical Power (kW) 5.0 kW Rotor Diameter (m) 5.0 m (16.4 ft.) Verified by Intertek as 5.0419 m (16 ft 6.5 in) Hub Height (m) 36.8 m (120 ft 9 in) Swept Area (m2) 19.63 m2 (211.3 ft2) Distance from rotor centre to tower axis 0.43 m (1 ft 5 in) Tower Type(s) Lattice IEC 61400-2 SWT Class (I, II, III, or IV) II Cut-in Wind Speed 2.5 m/s (5.6 mph) Rated Wind Speed 12 m/s (26.8 mph) Survival Wind Speed 60 m/s (134 mph) Generator identification Fortis / Inensus 5 kW Serial # 100709 Generator specifications 5 kW, 220 VAC, 50 Hz 3-phase, 350 RPM Inverter identification SMA, Windy Boy WB5000US Serial #: 2001308424 Inverter specifications 5000 W, 240VAC Single phase, 60 Hz UL 1741 Listed Rectifier/Controller identification Windy Boy, WBP-Box 500 Serial #: 1290001136

Rectifier/Controller specifications Inputmax 3 phase 440 VAC, 11.5 A

Outputmax 500 VDC, 30 A IP54 Outdoor (mounted indoors)

Diversion load identification Heine Resistors, RFB 6-7 Serial #: 024261020003c Diversion load specifications 6kW, 42 10%, IP 23 (mounted outdoors) Active brake switch identification Inensus Serial #: 0191002003 Active brake switch specifications 400 V, 15 A IP40 (mounted indoors) Blade identification Fortis Serial #s: 3311, 3312, 3313 Blade specification Fiberglass epoxy, NACA 4415 airfoils Rotor speed range (rpm) 20 450 Fixed or variable pitch Fixed Number of Blades 3 Blade Tip Pitch Angle (deg) 10

Table 1 Test turbine configuration and manufacturers declared specifications

4.0 Judgments, Exceptions, and Deviations

There were no judgments, exceptions, or deviations from the Standard for the purposes of this test report.


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5.0 Test Site Description

5.1 Test Site

The RTC has class IV winds, and can accommodate turbines that produce 120V or 240V, 60 Hz power. It is on a hilltop, with previous agricultural land use, near the township of Otisco, NY. It was surveyed, analyzed and developed to be a test site for Interteks customers. The Fortis Montana is tested at RTC site #2, which has no prominent obstructions in the valid measurement sector, as determined by obstacle assessment in accordance with the Standard. It was determined that site calibration was necessary due to the topographical variation at the RTC. A site calibration was performed in lieu of the terrain assessment due to known topographical variations. The resulting flow correction factors are applied to a contiguous data set for power performance results.

The meteorological equipment tower is due south, 12.5 m (41 feet) from the turbine, exactly 2.5 times the diameter of the rotor, as recommended in the Standard. All buildings and potential obstacles are identified in the topographical survey map, and were considered during obstacle assessment. The Fortis Montana was the only turbine installed at the RTC over the duration of this test.

5.2 Measurement Sector

Figure 2 below is a topographical survey map that displays the final valid measurement sector resulting from the combination of obstacle assessment and site calibration in accordance with the Standard. Figure 2 also shows the location of the Fortis Montana and its measurement tower (Met2. The preliminary obstacle assessment yielded a valid measurement sector of 38 - 322 degrees true, but this was cut to a final valid sector of 160 270 degrees true as a result of site calibration. Site calibration was required due to the local terrain not satisfying the criteria within the terrain assessment requirements of Standard. The shaded area displays the excluded wind sector. A circle indicating 20 rotor diameters is also shown on the map.


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Figure 2 Topographical survey map and final valid measurement sector of the Fortis Montana test turbine


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Table 2 below provides detail on obstacles that were determined to be significant as a result of the obstacle assessment in accordance with the Standard. Based upon the results in Table 2, a valid measurement sector of 38 322 degrees true was established prior to site calibration.

Invalid Sector Reference Point Distance

Diameter Equivalent Bearing Start Stop Description

(m) (m) (m) (true) (true) (true) Fortis

Montana Fortis Met 12.5 5.0 360 323 37

INVALID Sector = 323 37

VALID Sector(s) = 38 322 Table 2 Obstacles relative to Fortis Montana and meteorological tower locations

Site calibration was required due to the combination of average slope and terrain variations within 20 rotor diameters of the turbine tower. Table 3 below shows the results of the site calibration for the Fortis Montana power performance test, where:

Direction = each 10-degree wind direction bin, in true degrees, considered during site calibration, Total Time = total number of hours of data collected in each wind direction bin, Velocity < 8 m/s = total number of hours where wind speeds are below 8 m/s in each wind direction bin, Velocity > 8 m/s = total number of hours where wind speeds are above 8 m/s in each wind direction bin, Turbine Velocity Average = average wind speed measured at the turbine location in each wind direction

bin, Met2 Velocity Average = average wind speed measured at the meteorological tower location in each

wind direction bin, Average of Ratios = average flow correction factor due to terrain for each wind direction bin (ratio of

wind speed at the wind turbine location divided by the wind speed at the meteorological tower location), Red text = INVALID sector resulting from obstacle assessment, Black text = VALID sector resulting from obstacle assessment, and Blue shade = FINAL VALID sector resulting from site calibration


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Direction Direction Average Total Time

Velocity < 8 m/s

Velocity > 8 m/s

Turbine Velocity Average

Met2 Velocity Average

Average of

Ratios (true) (true) (hours) (hours) (hours) (m/s) (m/s)

0-10 4.57 20.45 20.32 0.13 4.09 3.93 1.04 10-20 14.54 13.25 13.22 0.03 4.10 3.98 1.03 20-30 25.17 13.53 13.43 0.10 3.73 3.56 1.05 30-40 34.59 10.33 10.33 0.00 3.71 3.54 1.05 40-50 44.63 9.37 9.37 0.00 3.77 3.62 1.04 50-60 54.74 6.40 6.40 0.00 2.99 2.91 1.02 60-70 64.77 3.78 3.78 0.00 2.63 2.57 1.03 70-80 74.94 3.57 3.53 0.03 3.08 3.00 1.03 80-90 85.35 4.75 4.53 0.22 3.58 3.46 1.03

90-100 95.77 7.58 5.77 1.82 5.13 4.91 1.04 100-110 104.94 10.55 6.95 3.60 6.02 5.81 1.04 110-120 114.98 10.75 8.72 2.03 5.12 4.98 1.03 120-130 125.20 11.73 9.92 1.82 5.43 5.30 1.03 130-140 134.78 12.60 10.62 1.98 5.62 5.48 1.03 140-150 144.46 8.72 7.58 1.13 4.85 4.74 1.02 150-160 155.67 12.58 9.65 2.93 5.34 5.21 1.02 160-170 165.13 24.35 16.77 7.58 6.19 6.03 1.03 170-180 175.39 29.87 19.92 9.95 6.38 6.22 1.03 180-190 184.98 32.68 24.08 8.60 6.30 6.13 1.03 190-200 195.25 35.60 21.90 13.70 6.88 6.68 1.03 200-210 205.05 50.55 26.70 23.85 7.61 7.37 1.03 210-220 214.87 46.97 29.25 17.72 6.89 6.63 1.04 220-230 224.88 36.50 24.88 11.62 6.36 6.07 1.05 230-240 235.03 44.10 32.57 11.53 6.42 6.10 1.06 240-250 245.23 43.93 29.93 14.00 6.69 6.38 1.05 250-260 255.25 68.48 36.27 32.22 7.57 7.30 1.04 260-270 264.19 46.58 37.63 8.95 5.75 5.60 1.03 270-280 275.16 30.23 28.85 1.38 4.44 4.35 1.02 280-290 284.91 33.02 31.88 1.13 4.32 4.21 1.03 290-300 294.56 25.08 24.67 0.42 4.59 4.49 1.03 300-310 304.79 19.85 19.63 0.22 4.65 4.53 1.03 310-320 314.85 17.80 17.50 0.30 4.62 4.52 1.02 320-330 325.38 18.80 18.18 0.62 4.59 4.51 1.02 330-340 334.96 19.85 19.27 0.58 4.66 4.57 1.02 340-350 345.23 20.98 20.68 0.30 4.88 4.73 1.03 350-360 354.12 17.30 17.20 0.10 4.62 4.38 1.06

Table 3 Site calibration results

The combined standard uncertainty of the wind speed ratio at 6 m/s, 10 m/s, and 14 m/s is 0.082 m/s, 0.063 m/s, and 0.054 m/s respectively.


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Figure 3 below plots the wind direction bin ratios that resulted from site calibration at the testing location.

Figure 3 - Site calibration ratio binned data. Valid sector from 160 - 270 degrees with respect to true north


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6.0 Test Equipment Description

Table 4 below shows the equipment that was used during the power performance testing of the Fortis Montana. Serial numbers and instrument calibration details are also provided in the table. All instruments were properly calibrated according to the Standard for the duration of power performance testing identified in Figure 1. Calibration certificates are included in Appendix C.

Description Manufacturer Model Serial No Calibration Date Calibration

Due Primary Anemometer Adolf Thies GmbH 4.3351.00.141 04100019 3-May-10 3-May-11

Reference Anemometer Adolf Thies GmbH 4.3519.00.741 04100712 3-May-10 3-May-11 Wind Vane Adolf Thies GmbH 4.3150.00.000 04100018 4-May-10 4-May-11

Pressure Sensor Vaisala Oy PTB330 F1420001 8-Apr-10 8-Apr-11 Temperature/RH Sensor Adolf Thies GmbH 1.1005.54.241 85764 15-Apr-10 15-Apr-11

*Power Transducer Ohio Semitronics DMT-1040EY40 10051959 19-Apr-11 19-Apr-12 *Current Transformer Ohio Semitronics 12975 002277039 19-Apr-11 19-Apr-12

*Power transducer and current transformer calibrated as a system Table 4 Equipment used in the power performance test

A National Instruments cDAQ-9178 backplane and NI-9203 +/- 20 mA 8-channel current module was used for logging the output signals from the sensors in Table 4 above. A proprietary LabVIEW program was used to collect and filter data that is stored in raw and 1 Hz data files on the Intertek RTC site computer.

Prior to testing, a signal verification procedure was carried out on the data acquisition system by Intertek to verify the signals of each transducer against recorded values from the LabVIEW program. Table 5 below summarizes the results of the signal verification

Measurement NI 9203 Channel Injected Signal {mA} Measured Value

{mA} Offset {mA}

4.000 4.000 0.000 12.000 12.000 0.000 Primary windspeed 0 20.000 20.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0.000 12.000 12.000 0.000 Reference windspeed 1 20.000 20.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0.000 12.000 12.000 0.000 Wind direction 2 20.000 20.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0.000 12.000 12.000 0.000 Relative humidity 3 20.000 20.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0.000 12.000 12.000 0.000 Temperature 4 20.000 20.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0.000 12.000 12.000 0.000 Barometric Pressure 5 20.000 20.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0.000 12.000 12.000 0.000 Output power 6 20.000 20.000 0.000

n/a 7 not used not used n/a Table 5 Signal verification results


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The data acquisition system is located inside the Intertek RTC control building; all signals are measured at this location. This is also the location of the turbine disconnect and grid-tie inverter, and thus is also where power measurements are made. The data is stored on two separate computers at the Intertek RTC, and also stored in the Intertek project file. The power measurement equipment is located inside the control building at an approximate wire run length of 83.8 meters (275 feet); which satisfies the required wire run length in the Standard.

Figure 4 below displays the arrangement of the meteorological tower with dimensions of instrument locations. The height above ground level to the centerline of the cups of the primary anemometer is 36.04 meters. The reference anemometer height above ground level is 34.19 meters, the wind vane height above ground level is 34.29 meters, the temperature sensor height above ground level is 27.41 meters and the pressure sensor height above ground level is 27.23 meters. No in situ comparison of anemometers was made during this test period. The primary method of anemometer calibration verification of post-test calibration was followed; calibration certificates are found in Appendix C. .

Figure 4 - Meteorological tower and instrument locations


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7.0 Test Procedure

7.1 Data Collection

Measurement procedures and data collection was conducted in accordance with the Standard. Data was sampled at the required rate of 1 Hz. The averaging period for all average, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation values was 1 minute, as required by the Standard. No turbine status signal is provided by the turbine controller; therefore, one was not monitored during this test.

Meteorological data and the turbine output power signals were gathered in the by the NI 9203 module and stored in daily spreadsheet files on the control building computer. The spreadsheet files are where all analysis according to the Standard took place. The data was sorted per binning method described in the Standard based on 1 minute averaging of the measured, contiguous data.

Only Database A is reported in this report. This is due to the fact that cut-out behavior was not observed during the power performance test.

7.2 Data Rejection

To ensure that only data obtained during normal operation of the wind turbine is used in the analysis, and to ensure data is not corrupted; selected data sets were excluded from the database under the following circumstances:

External conditions other than wind speed are out of the operating range of the wind turbine, Turbine cannot operate because of a turbine fault condition, Turbine is manually shut down or in a test or maintenance operating mode, Failure or degradation (i.e. due to icing) of test equipment, Wind direction outside the measurement sector as defined in section 5.2 above, or Wind directions outside valid (complete) site calibration sectors as defined in section 5.2 above.

No maintenance was performed on the Fortis Montana during the test period.

7.3 Data Normalization

The 1 minute averaged data sets were normalized to sea-level air density, 1.225 kg/m3 and the RTC average air density during the test period. Due to the site average air density being outside the specified range of 0.05 kg/m3 of sea-level air density, normalization to actual average site density was required. The calculated site average air density at the Intertek RTC for the measurement period was 1.1537 kg/m3. Air density was determined from measured air temperature and air pressure according to Equation 1 from IEC 61400-12-1. Data normalization was then applied to the measured power output according to Equation 2 from IEC 61400-12-1.


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7.4 Determination of results

The measured power curve is determined by applying the method of bins to the normalized data sets, using 0.5 m/s bins. Average values for wind speed and normalized power output for each bin were determined according to Equations 4 and 5 from IEC 61400-12-1.

Annual energy production was estimated by applying the measured power curve to different reference wind speed frequency distributions. A Rayleigh distribution, which is identical to a Weibull distribution with a shape factor of 2, was used to reflect the wind speed frequency distribution. For determination of AEP, the availability of the wind turbine is assumed to be 100%. AEP estimations were made for hub height annual average wind speeds between 4 and 11 m/s according to Equations 6 and 7 from IEC 61400-12-1.

The power coefficient, CP, of the wind turbine was determined from the measured power curve according to Equation 7 from IEC 61400-12-1.

8.0 Uncertainty

Table 6 below summarizes the Category B uncertainty parameters for the power performance measurements. Total Category B uncertainty is obtained by combining each components uncertainty using the root-sum-squared method. Combined uncertainty is the root-sum-squared combination of Category A and Category B uncertainties of power performance measurements. Final Category A, Category B, and combined uncertainties for sea-level air density and RTC average air density are presented in Tables 7 and 8 in section 9 of this report.

Component Uncertainty Source Power (Inverter)

Voltage transducer N/A Current transformer 0.2887 % Amperage Calibration Sheet Power transducer 0.2887 % Wattage Calibration Sheet Data acquisition 0.66 % Manual

Wind Speed Anemometer 0.0289 m/s Calibration Sheet

Operational Characteristics 0.0866 m/s + 0.866 % IEC 61400-12-1 Terrain effects 0.0501 0.0532* IEC 61400-12-1

Mounting effects 1% Assumption Data Acquisition 0.66 % Assumption

Temperature Temperature Sensor 0.0515 C Calibration Sheet Radiation Shielding 0.8165 C IEC 61400-12-1

Mounting Effects 0.1935 C IEC 61400-12-1 Data Acquisition 0.2656 C Manual

Pressure Sensor Pressure Sensor 0.0404 hPa Calibration Sheet Mounting Effects 0.0687 hPa IEC 61400-12-1 Data Acquisition 1.8706 hPa Manual

Table 6 Uncertainty values used in the analysis *Range of site calibration uncertainties within the valid measurement sector


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9.0 Test Results

9.1 Tabular results

Table 7 below shows the normalized and averaged results of the power performance test for the Fortis Montana turbine at sea-level air density.

Presentation of data in the measured power curve (database A) Reference air density: 1.225 kg/m3

Bin Average

Wind Speed

Power output

Category A Standard

Uncertainty

Category B Standard

Uncertainty

Combined Standard

Uncertainty

(m/s) (m/s) (kW) Cp

Number of 1-

Minute Data Sets (kW) (kW) (kW)

0.5 0.50 -0.08 -53.89 1 0.00 - - 1 1.11 -0.07 -4.06 5 0.01 0.00 0.01

1.5 1.53 -0.05 -1.16 25 0.01 0.00 0.01 2 2.05 -0.02 -0.20 51 0.01 0.01 0.01

2.5 2.50 0.01 0.07 85 0.01 0.01 0.01 3 2.97 0.07 0.21 89 0.01 0.01 0.02

3.5 3.50 0.14 0.27 100 0.01 0.02 0.02 4 4.01 0.18 0.23 138 0.01 0.01 0.01

4.5 4.53 0.27 0.24 138 0.01 0.02 0.02 5 5.04 0.40 0.25 138 0.01 0.03 0.03

5.5 5.52 0.53 0.26 269 0.01 0.04 0.04 6 6.02 0.69 0.26 374 0.01 0.05 0.05

6.5 6.50 0.89 0.26 490 0.01 0.06 0.06 7 7.00 1.11 0.26 458 0.01 0.07 0.07

7.5 7.49 1.36 0.26 544 0.01 0.08 0.08 8 8.01 1.63 0.26 591 0.01 0.08 0.08

8.5 8.50 1.89 0.25 645 0.01 0.09 0.09 9 9.01 2.17 0.24 657 0.01 0.10 0.10

9.5 9.50 2.45 0.23 642 0.01 0.10 0.10 10 10.00 2.76 0.23 573 0.01 0.11 0.11

10.5 10.49 3.03 0.21 467 0.01 0.11 0.11 11 10.99 3.31 0.20 390 0.02 0.11 0.11

11.5 11.49 3.58 0.19 316 0.02 0.11 0.11 12 12.00 3.82 0.18 322 0.02 0.10 0.11

12.5 12.50 4.01 0.17 288 0.03 0.09 0.09 13 12.99 4.22 0.16 221 0.03 0.10 0.10

13.5 13.49 4.34 0.14 250 0.04 0.07 0.07 14 13.96 4.48 0.13 174 0.04 0.08 0.09

14.5 14.49 4.48 0.12 178 0.05 0.04 0.06 15 14.99 4.38 0.11 124 0.06 0.06 0.09

15.5 15.47 4.29 0.09 112 0.07 0.06 0.09 16 15.97 4.27 0.09 82 0.09 0.04 0.10

16.5 16.52 4.02 0.07 78 0.09 0.12 0.15 17 16.97 4.01 0.07 77 0.10 0.04 0.10

17.5 17.49 3.69 0.06 64 0.10 0.17 0.20 18 17.99 3.70 0.05 76 0.09 0.03 0.09

18.5 18.51 3.36 0.04 63 0.07 0.19 0.21 19 19.02 3.55 0.04 64 0.07 0.11 0.13

19.5 19.49 3.47 0.04 50 0.07 0.06 0.09 20 19.98 3.51 0.04 26 0.09 0.04 0.10

20.5 20.49 3.62 0.03 27 0.08 0.07 0.11 21 20.98 3.56 0.03 17 0.08 0.05 0.09

21.5 21.51 3.68 0.03 13 0.11 0.08 0.14 Table 7 Fortis Montana performance at sea-level air density; 1.225 kg/m3


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Table 8 below shows the normalized and averaged results of the power performance test for the Fortis Montana turbine at RTC average density. A normalization to test site actual air density was required due to the site average density being outside the tolerance of 0.05 kg/m3 of sea-level air density.

Presentation of data in the measured power curve (database A) Reference air density: 1.1537 kg/m3

Bin Average

Wind Speed

Power output

Category A Standard

Uncertainty

Category B Standard

Uncertainty

Combined Standard

Uncertainty

(m/s) (m/s) (kW) Cp

Number of 1-

Minute Data Sets (kW) (kW) (kW)

0.5 0.50 -0.08 -50.75 1 0.00 - - 1 1.11 -0.06 -3.82 5 0.01 0.00 0.01

1.5 1.53 -0.05 -1.09 25 0.01 0.00 0.01 2 2.05 -0.02 -0.18 51 0.01 0.01 0.01

2.5 2.50 0.01 0.07 85 0.01 0.01 0.01 3 2.97 0.06 0.20 89 0.01 0.01 0.02

3.5 3.50 0.13 0.25 100 0.01 0.02 0.02 4 4.01 0.17 0.22 138 0.01 0.01 0.01

4.5 4.53 0.26 0.23 138 0.01 0.02 0.02 5 5.04 0.37 0.24 138 0.01 0.03 0.03

5.5 5.52 0.50 0.24 269 0.01 0.03 0.03 6 6.02 0.65 0.24 374 0.01 0.04 0.04

6.5 6.50 0.84 0.25 490 0.01 0.05 0.06 7 7.00 1.05 0.25 458 0.01 0.06 0.06

7.5 7.49 1.28 0.25 544 0.01 0.07 0.07 8 8.01 1.53 0.24 591 0.01 0.08 0.08

8.5 8.50 1.78 0.24 645 0.01 0.08 0.08 9 9.01 2.04 0.23 657 0.01 0.09 0.09

9.5 9.50 2.31 0.22 642 0.01 0.10 0.10 10 10.00 2.60 0.21 573 0.01 0.11 0.11

10.5 10.49 2.85 0.20 467 0.01 0.10 0.10 11 10.99 3.11 0.19 390 0.01 0.11 0.11

11.5 11.49 3.37 0.18 316 0.02 0.10 0.11 12 12.00 3.60 0.17 322 0.02 0.10 0.10

12.5 12.50 3.78 0.16 288 0.03 0.08 0.09 13 12.99 3.97 0.15 221 0.03 0.09 0.10

13.5 13.49 4.09 0.14 250 0.03 0.06 0.07 14 13.96 4.22 0.13 174 0.04 0.07 0.08

14.5 14.49 4.22 0.11 178 0.05 0.04 0.06 15 14.99 4.13 0.10 124 0.06 0.06 0.08

15.5 15.47 4.04 0.09 112 0.07 0.06 0.09 16 15.97 4.02 0.08 82 0.08 0.04 0.09

16.5 16.52 3.79 0.07 78 0.08 0.12 0.14 17 16.97 3.77 0.06 77 0.09 0.03 0.10

17.5 17.49 3.47 0.05 64 0.09 0.16 0.19 18 17.99 3.48 0.05 76 0.08 0.03 0.09

18.5 18.51 3.16 0.04 63 0.07 0.18 0.19 19 19.02 3.34 0.04 64 0.07 0.11 0.13

19.5 19.49 3.27 0.04 50 0.06 0.05 0.08 20 19.98 3.31 0.03 26 0.09 0.04 0.09

20.5 20.49 3.40 0.03 27 0.08 0.07 0.10 21 20.98 3.35 0.03 17 0.08 0.04 0.09

21.5 21.51 3.46 0.03 13 0.11 0.07 0.13 Table 8 Fortis Montana performance at RTC air density; 1.1537 kg/m3


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Table 9 below summarizes the estimation of expected annual energy production (AEP) at sea-level air density.

Estimated annual energy production, database A (all valid data) Reference air density: 1.225 kg/m3

Cut-out wind speed: 25.00 m/s Hub height

annual average wind

speed

AEP-Measured Standard Uncertainty

AEP-Extrapolated

m/s kWh kWh % kWh

Complete if AEP-Measured is at least 95%

of AEP-Extrapolated

4 3232 247 7.6 3232 Complete 5 5939 347 5.8 5939 Complete 6 9112 440 4.8 9114 Complete 7 12330 519 4.2 12348 Complete 8 15227 583 3.8 15322 Complete 9 17567 632 3.6 17855 Complete 10 19250 666 3.5 19864 Complete 11 20289 685 3.4 21332 Complete

Table 9 Estimated annual energy production of the Fortis Montana at sea-level air density

Table 10 below summarizes the estimation of expected annual energy production (AEP) at RTC average air density.

Estimated annual energy production, database A (all valid data) Reference air density: 1.1537 kg/m3

Cut-out wind speed: 25.00 m/s Hub height

annual average wind

speed

AEP-Measured Standard Uncertainty

AEP-Extrapolated

m/s kWh kWh % kWh

Complete if AEP-Measured is at least 95%

of AEP-Extrapolated

4 3044 232 7.6 3044 Complete 5 5593 327 5.8 5593 Complete 6 8582 415 4.8 8584 Complete 7 11613 489 4.2 11630 Complete 8 14342 549 3.8 14431 Complete 9 16545 596 3.6 16817 Complete 10 18130 627 3.5 18709 Complete 11 19109 645 3.4 20091 Complete

Table 10 Estimated annual energy production of the Fortis Montana at RTC air density

An indication of incomplete in the far-right column of the above tables does not imply that the database for the test is incomplete. Incomplete means that AEP-Measured is not within 95% of AEP-extrapolated. AEP-extrapolated is an estimated extrapolation of annual energy production, where:

AEP-Measured assumes zero power below cut-in wind speed and between the highest valid wind speed bin and cut-out wind speed, and

AEP-Extrapolated assumes zero power below cut-in wind speed and constant power between the highest valid wind speed bin and cut-out wind speed.


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9.2 Graphical results

Figure 5 below shows the graphical results of the power performance test for the Fortis Montana at sea-level air density. The uncertainty of each wind speed bin is shown as error bars on the graph.

Figure 5 Fortis Montana power curve at sea-level air density; 1.225 kg/m3

Figure 6 below shows the graphical results of the power performance test for the Fortis Montana at RTC average air density. The uncertainty of each wind speed bin is shown as error bars on the graph.

Figure 6 Fortis Montana power curve at RTC air density; 1.1537 kg/m3


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Figure 7 below shows the 1 minute output power values for average, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation of sampled data.

Figure 7 - Scatter plot of output power average, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation of 1 Hz data with 1 minute averaging.


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Figure 8 below shows the coefficient of performance at sea-level air density.

Figure 8 - Coefficient of performance of the Fortis Montana with swept area of 19.95 m2 at sea-level air density of 1.225 kg/m3

Figure 9 below shows the coefficient of performance at RTC air density

Figure 9 - Coefficient of performance of the Fortis Montana with swept area of 19.95 m2 at RTC air density of 1.1537 kg/m3


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Figure 10 below shows the turbulence intensity as a function of wind speed. The graph shows both sampled data and binned data.

Figure 10 - Wind turbulence intensity as a function of wind speed


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Figure 11 below displays both average wind speed measured by the primary anemometer and turbulence intensity as a function of wind direction.

Figure 11 - Wind speed and turbulence intensity as a function of wind direction


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A.0 Appendix

The following sections can be found within this Appendix:

A Wiring diagrams

B Pictures of the test site

C Calibration certificates


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A Wiring Diagrams

A.1 Typical wiring diagram for the Fortis Montana


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A.2 Location of Intertek power measurement


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B Pictures of the test site*

B.1 North

*Note that the pictures included in this Appendix were taken after the turbine and tower had been removed from the foundation. The tower was removed from the foundation in April 2012. During the testing period of the Fortis Montana, no additional measurement towers or turbine towers were installed at the Intertek RTC.


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B.2 Northwest


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B.3 West


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B.4 Southwest


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B.5 South, and meteorological tower


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B.6 Southeast


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B.7 East


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B.8 Northeast

Note disassembled Fortis tower shown on right of photo B.8.


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C Calibration Certificates

C.1 Primary Anemometer


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C.2 Reference Anemometer


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C.3 Wind Vane


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C.4 Barometric Pressure Sensor


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C.5 Temperature/RH sensor


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C.6 Power Measurement System


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C.7 Post-Test Primary Anemometer Calibration


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Fortis Power Performance Report

Documents

Transcript of Fortis Power Performance Report