Forming Audit Opinions

In Association with:-

Online CPD for Accountants & Professional Advisors

Forming Audit Opinions in Accordance with the Clarity

International Auditing Standards (UK and Ireland)

Presenter: Des O’Neill CPA; A.C.I.S; ACCA

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Forming Audit Opinions Contents Page Forming Opinions under New Clarity Standards 1 Going Concern Samples 14 Audit Completion Memorandum 18 Bulletin 2006 1 33

Forming Audit Opinions in 2011

• The Auditing Standards

• The Bulletins and Guidance Documents

• Gathering and Documenting the Evidence

The Auditing Standards

• ISA 570 Going Concern

• ISA 700 The Auditors Report on Financial Statements

• ISA 705 Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditors Report

• ISA 706 Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs

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ISA 570 – Going Concern

• Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding managements use of the going concern assumption

• Conclude based on the evidence obtained whether significant material uncertainty exists

• Determine the implications for the auditors report

• The auditor should consider any relevant disclosures in the financial statements


• Managements Responsibility• Going concern a fundamental principle on

which financial statements are prepared• Continuing successfully in business for the

foreseeable future• Realise its assets and discharge its

liabilities in the normal course of business• Self fulfilling prophecy


• Auditors Responsibilities• Planning the audit

– events conditions or risks that cast doubt on GC

• Throughout the audit– Detecting conditions or events that indicate that GC

may be an issue– Evaluate managements assessment– A minimum of 12 months after the balance sheet date – Auditor not limited to same period as management

assessment. Must enquire of and investigate issues beyond period of assessment



• Risk assessment procedures and related activities

• Management assessment• Where management has not yet performed an

assessment request them to make their assessment

• Evaluating management’s plans for the future• Evaluating the reliability of the underlying

information used to prepare cashflow projections• Assess the assumptions used in the projection

Going Concern Testing

• Overall financial review• Cash flow forecasts• Discussion with directors• Order book review• Review of lending facilities and terms• Creditor payment periods• Subsequent events on financial transactions• Action plan review• Specific representations


• Practical Compliance– Obtain management representations in relation to going

concern

– Assessment of those responsible for governance that the entity is a GC and gather supporting evidence

– Details in relation to any relevant disclosures

– Assess and review plans for future action

– Communicate with those charged with governance



• Document the extent of the auditors concern if applicable about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern

• Narrative supported by facts and figures supported substantively

• Are the disclosures sufficient to give a true and fair view?

• Is the period of assessment of going concern is less than 12 months?


• Statement that the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis

• Statement of the relevant facts• Nature of the concern• Statement of assumptions adopted

distinguishable from pertinent facts• Details of plans for resolving the issues• Details of actions taken

ISA 570 - Going Concern

• Company has decided to cease trading• Going concern no longer appropriate• Make relevant disclosures• Assets reduced to realisable values• Reclassify fixed assets and long term liabilities

as current assets and current liabilities• Emphasis of matter in relation to basis of

preparation


ISA 700 The Independent Auditors Report

• Title of Report• Addressee• Introductory paragraph• A statement of responsibility of the management• A statement of the auditors responsibilities• Scope of the auditors work• Reference to audit and reporting framework• Opinion• Other matters• Other reporting responsibilities• Date of the report• Auditors signature• Auditors address

Audit Report Dates

• Audit report is the date on which the auditor signed the report

• Audit report should not be dated earlier than the date on which all other information contained in the report have been approved by those charged with governance


• Scope

• Examining on a test basis, evidence to support the financial statements amounts and disclosures

• Assessing the accounting policies used in the preparation of the financial statements

• Assessing the significant estimates made by management

• Evaluating the overall financial statement presentation



• Opinion

• Financial reporting framework being used

• Financial statements give a true and fair view

• Presented in accordance with reporting requirements

• Comply with statutory requirements


• Unqualified Opinion

• Emphasis of matter

• Qualified opinion

• Disclaimer of opinion

• Adverse Opinion

ISA 705 Modifications to the Opinion in The Independent Auditors Report

• Qualified / Adverse / Disclaimer• Express clearly and appropriately modified

opinion on the financial statements• FS are not free from material

misstatement• The auditor is unable to obtain sufficient

appropriate audit evidence to conclude that the financial statements are free from material misstatement




• Unqualified opinion can not be expressed

• Obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence

• Misstatements individually or in aggregate are material

• But not pervasive

• Except for



• Unqualified opinion can not be expressed

• Unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence

• Possible effects on the financial statements of undetected misstatements

• Could be material

• But not pervasive

• Limitation in Scope


• Adverse opinion

• Having obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence

• Concludes misstatements individually or in aggregate are both material

• and pervasive

• Disagreement



• Disclaimer of opinion

• Unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence on which to base the opinion

• Concludes possible effects of undetected misstatements

• Are both material and pervasive

• Limitation in scope


• Adverse opinion

• Having obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence

• Concludes misstatements individually or in aggregate are both material

• and pervasive

• Disagreement


• Disclaimer of opinion• In extremely rare circumstances involving

multiple significant uncertainties• Notwithstanding having obtained sufficient

appropriate audit evidence on which to base the opinion

• It is not possible for form an opinion• Due to the potential interaction of the

uncertainties and their possible cumulative effect on the financial misstatements



• Management imposed Limitation in Audit Scope

• If the auditor becomes aware, after accepting an audit engagement, that those charged with governance of the entity, or those who appointed them as auditor, have imposed a limitation on the scope of the audit work which they consider likely to result in the need to issue a disclaimer of opinion on the financial statements, the auditor should request the removal of the limitation.


• Limitation in Audit Scope

• Withdraw from the audit where possible under applicable law or regulation

• If withdrawal not possible disclaim the opinion

Forming OpinionsNature of Matter Giving Rise to theModification

Auditor’s Judgment about the Pervasiveness of the Effects or Possible

Effects on the Financial Statements

Material but Not Pervasive

Material and Pervasive

Financial statements are materially misstated

Qualified opinion Adverse opinion

Inability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence

Qualified opinion Disclaimer of opinion


ISA 706 Emphasis of matter Paragraphs and Other Matter Paragraphs

• The opinion having been formed

• Draw users attention when necessary to

• Matter although presented and disclosed in the financial statements is of such importance that it is fundamental to the users understanding of the financial statements

• As appropriate and other matter that is relevant to the users understanding of the audit, the auditors responsibilities or the audit report


• Include it immediately after the opinion on the financial statements paragraph

• Use the heading Emphasis of Matter

• Include a reference to the matter being emphasised

• Indicate that the auditors opinion is not modified in respect of the matter emphasised


• Communicate with those charged with governance regarding the proposed wording



• Emphasis of matter paragraphs– ISA 210

– ISA 560

– ISA 570

• Other matter paragraphs – ISA 560

– ISA 710

– ISA 720 A

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Compliant Client A 9.131 December 2008

Initials Date

Prepared by: Staff 1-Jan-09

Index Reviewed by: Partner 31-Jan-09

Going Concern

Audit Programme Schedule / Comment

Initials Date

OVERALL TESTING

Where available obtain copies of cash flow forecasts and/or budgets and consider:

A9/3 Staff 1 Jan 09

(i) the applicability of the bases and assumptions used;(ii) whether they provide adequate evidence of the company's ability to continue as a going concern; and(iii) where a period of less than 12 months has been considered, directors/management should be asked to extend the period accordingly.

2 Where no cash flows or budgets are available, describe what evidence is available to support the company's ability to continue as a going concern. Retain the evidence.

A9/3 Staff 1 Jan 09

3 Consider the answers to A 9/2 to ensure that all Going concern indicators have been considered

A 9/2 Staff 1 Jan 09

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS on part of DIRECTORS

Where there is a significant level of concern about the company's ability to continue as a going concern, ensure the following items are adequately disclosed:

Auditors Report Staff 1 Jan 09

(i) a statement that the accounts have been prepared on the going concern basis;(ii) a statement of the pertinent facts;(iii) the nature of the concern;

(iv) the implications of the going concern basis being not applicable

(v) a statement of the assumptions adopted by management or those charged with governance, which should be clearly distinguishable from the pertinent facts;(v) (where appropriate and practicable) a statement regarding management or those charged with governance plans for resolving the matters giving rise to the concern; and(vi) details of any relevant actions by management or those charged with governance.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR AUDITORS

5 Ensure the going concern disclosures are adequate. If they are not, then a qualification on the grounds of inadequate disclosures is appropriate.


6 If adequate disclosure is made, a going concern emphasis of matter is appropriate in the audit report if that inherent uncertainty is fundamental to the financial statement view given.


7 Where the going concern assumption is inappropriate and the accounts are prepared on the going concern basis, the auditor should issue an adverse opinion.


8 Consider a second independent partner review if a non-standard audit report is likely.

N/A Staff 1 Jan 09

On the date of signing the audit report:9 Are we aware of any additional information which questions the validity of

preparing the accounts on a going concern basis?No Staff 1 Jan 09

CONCLUSION

Staff Signed

1-Jan-09 Date

Partner Reviewed

31-Jan-09 Date

1

4

In our professional judgement work carried out in this section has been satisfactorily completed and recorded with all appropriate evidence received. Based on our testing carried out we can conclude that using the going concern basis for the preparation of the Financial Statements is appropriate

© OmniPro


Compliant Client A 9.231 December 2008 Initials Date

Prepared by: Staff 1-Jan-09Reviewed by: Partner 31-Jan-09

Index

Going Concern Questionnaire

Audit Programme Planning Y/N

Final Y/N Comments

1 Financial

1.1 Is the company in a Net liability position?

1.2 Is the company in a Current liability position?

1.3 Is agreement of necessary borrowing facilities still to be agreed?

1.4 Are there fixed-term borrowings approaching maturity without realistic prospects of renewal or repayment; or excessive reliance on short-term borrowings to finance long-term assets

1.5 Has there been a recent major restructure in debt

1.6 Is the company in default or breach of any agreements or covenants?

1.7 Is the company experiencing significant liquidity or cash flow problems?

1.8 Has the client experienced losses or cash flow problems since the balance sheet date threatening its continued existence?

1.9 Have there been substantial sales of fixed assets not intended to be replaced?

1.10 Is the client negotiating a restructuring of borrowings?

1.11 Has the company suffered a denial (or reduction) of normal terms of trade credit?

1.12 Are major loan repayments due or refinancing necessary?

1.13 Arrears or discontinuance of dividends

1.14 Inability to pay creditors on due dates

1.15 Change from credit to cash-on-delivery transactions with suppliers

2 Operational

2.1 Is the company experiencing or likely to experience fundamental market or technology changes to which it may be unable to adapt adequately?

2.2 Is the company subject to an externally forced reduction in operations due to legislation, regulatory action or other cases?

2.3 Has the client experienced a loss of key management or staff or labour difficulties?

2.4 Is the client dependent on a few product lines where the market is depressed?

2.5 Has the client sustained a loss of key suppliers or customers or technical developments which render a key product obsolete?

3 Other

3.1 Is the client involved in any matter threatening litigation?

3.2 Is the client involved in any issues with a wide range of outcomes affecting the going concern basis?

© OmniPro



Initials DatePrepared by: Staff 1-Jan-09


Going Concern

Objective

Work Done

We reviewed the company's management accounts and cashflows up the the date ofsigning the Financial statements. For this three month period turnover was????, profit was???? And the bank position as at that date is ????.Therefore there is no particular concernregarding the companies ability to continue post year end (see WP Ref A9.5)

There have been no substantial sale of fixed assets during or after the period

Working Capital terms and conditions from both a customer and a supplier's perspectivehave not changed during the period

Operationally the company has not and is not expecting to change its business/level ofbusiness within the next 12 months

All banking facilities for next year have been agreed and finalised with the bank. Copies ofthese agreement can be found at WP Ref A 9.4

There has been no major restructure in debt in the period and from a review of allborrowings in the company there would appear to be none approaching maturity withoutrealistic prospects of renewal or repayment. The company is not reliant on short termborrowings and the bank balance is in a positive position

From our knowledge of the client and discussions with the directors during Closing Meeting(Ref WP A 11) there is no evidence of the company defaulting or breaching any agreementsor covenants

We discussed cashflows and liquidity with the Finance Director and reviewed liquiditycurrent and quick ratios @ A 6. The company would appear not to have any major liquidityissues. Discussions with the Finance Director were held during both the Planning Meetingand Close Out Meeting with the client see REF A 11 & B 9

To assess the ability of the company to continue on a going concern basis for the next 12 months thus the adequacy of preparing the Financial Statements on this basis

NOTE: Important to ensure that as much back up documentation as possible is gathered and contained on file relating to Going Concern. The Work Done below is only a suggestion and should be fully tailored for each client

As at the current period end the company is in a current asset and a net asset position withnet assets totalling ?????

© OmniProOmniPro Education & Training 16 of 70


Initials DatePrepared by: Staff 1-Jan-09


Going Concern

Conclusion

As confirmed by way of Solicitors Letter the company is not subject to any major litigationwhich could render going concern issues

We have reviewed the forecast Cashflows and Budgets for the client and we are satisfiedthat there are no going concern issues. We have completed the checklist @ A9/2 and havenot noted any issues in this regard. We also spoke to the management regarding goingconcern (see WP Ref A 9.5)

No evidence was obtained during our work to suggest the company was overally reliant onany particular suppliers or customers who themselves could be facing difficulties

In our professional judgement work carried out in this section has been satisfactorily completed and recorded with all appropriate evidence received. Based on our testing carried out we can conclude that using the going concern basis for the preparation of the Financial Statements is appropriate

© OmniProOmniPro Education & Training 17 of 70

CLIENT NAME: Prepared by: _______

PERIOD END: Reviewed by: _______ A 3 AUDIT COMPLETION MEMORANDUM-MEDIUM/LARGE COMPANY

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Contents

• Partner Conclusion Summary • Matters for Partners Attention • Matters Forward • Communications with those Charged with Governance • Section 1 Reporting Requirements • Section 2 Ethics, Independence & Continuance • Section 3 Laws & Regulations Review • Section 4 Deficiencies in Internal Controls • Section 5 Achieving Audit Objectives • Section 6 Fraud • Section 7 & 8 Materiality & Sample Size • Section 9 Response to Significant Specific Risks identified at Planning stage • Section 10 Audit Accounting Estimates • Section 11 Other Matters

A. Related Parties B. Going Concern C. Events after the Balance Sheet date D. Use of Expert and Service Organisation E. Groups & Consolidations

• Section 12 Independent Partner/Hot File Review/External Consultation • Section 13 Summary of Errors • Section 14 Disclosures & Accounting Policies • Section 15 File Completion • Section 16 Re-Appointment

KEY TO NOTATIONS BELOW WP Working Paper CAF Current Audit File ACM Audit Conclusion Memo APM Audit Planning Memo




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Disclaimer This Audit Conclusion Memo is provided to give guidance in relation to the format and contents of a typical Audit Conclusion Memo under the relevant auditing standards. It does not purport to give definitive professional advice in any form. It should, accordingly, not be relied upon as such. Auditors using these Work Programmes and any programmes or templates, should tailor the approach and the evidence gathered to comply with Generally Accepted Accounting Practices in Ireland in accordance with the Accounting Standards Board, International Standards on Auditing (UK & Ireland) and Company Law Despite taking every care in the preparation of this document OmniPro does not guarantee the accuracy or veracity of any information or opinion, or the appropriateness, suitability or applicability of any practice or procedure contained therein OmniPro does not take any legal responsibility for the contents of this manual and the consequences that may arise due to any errors or omissions. OmniPro shall therefore not be liable for any damage or economic loss occasioned to any person acting on, or refraining from any action, as a result of or based on the material contained in this publication

All areas of this document need to be specifically tailored to each individual client




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Partner Conclusion Summary (REF ISA 700, ISA 720)

This needs to be specifically tailored and added to for each assignment based on the facts of the audit findings etc I have reviewed and assessed the conclusions drawn from the audit evidence obtained as the basis for the expression of an opinion on the financial statements within the materiality levels set out at the planning stage The auditor report is presented in accordance with the recommended formats presented in Auditing Practices Board Bulletin 2006/1 (RoI) As highlighted and documented below based on our interpretation of ISA 700 and Bulletin 2006/1 (specifically Appendix 2) we do not have a situation which requires any disclosures or modification of the standard audit opinion.

• We have obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence • The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Irish GAAP • The financial statements are not affected by significant uncertainties. • The financial statements give a true and fair view • Thus in our professional judgement particularly there is no need to make any modifications to the

standard unqualified audit opinion for an entity of this type




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I have completed the Audit Completion –Audit Partners Checklist @ A 4. No issues arose. Based on these conclusions reached I can express an opinion as follows

o That the financial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Practice in Ireland, of the statement of the company's affairs and of its profits for the period

o That the financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Acts 1963 to

2009

o That we have obtained all the information and explanations we consider necessary for the purpose of our opinion

o That in our opinion the company has kept proper books of accounts and that the company's financial

statements are in agreement with these books of accounts

o That in our opinion the information given in the Directors' Report is consistent with the financial statements

o That the net assets are more than half of the amount of its called up share capital thus in our opinion on that basis there did not exist a financial situation which under Section 40 (1) of the Companies (Amend) Act, 1983 would require the convening of an extraordinary general meeting of the company.

__________________________ PARTNER & DATE




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Matters for the Attention of Partner Significant Matters and issues for partner attention to include

Issue File Ref

All issues of significant relevance should be detailed. Matters Forward There have been no changes in the client’s activities or procedures this year that require attention on next year. There were no tests identified during our audit fieldwork that could be omitted from testing in subsequent years There were no other issues that require any mention Communications with those charged with Governance (Ref ISA 200, ISA 210, ISA 260, ISA 265, ISA 580, ISQC1) The practice has open channels of communication with the client. The key formal communications were as follows: Letter of Engagement

• A tailored letter of engagement reflecting the requirements of the client and the specific nature of the engagement in hand has been issued. A signed copy can be found @ WP Ref B 6.

Audit Planning Letter

• Arising out of our engagement team meeting, the client planning meeting and our acceptance and continuance procedures an audit-planning letter has been issued to the client. A signed copy can be found @ WP Ref B 7.

• The timescale of the audit has been discussed with the Engagement Partner and those charged with governance on WP B9.

Letter of Representation

• A tailored letter of representation was issued to the client. A signed copy can be found @ WP Ref A2. Audit Findings Letter

• A tailored audit findings letter reflecting the specific issues identified during the audit was drafted and forwarded to the client. A signed copy with the client’s responses can be found @ WP Ref A12.

• Audit Opinion Letter (WP A15) has been issued to Management on XXXX 2011 outlining the audit opinion. • Response from audit client where a qualified audit opinion has been made has been documented on WP

A15.1




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Other verbal communications and meetings, which were recorded include:-

• Audit planning meeting with client (WP Ref B 9) • Interim Audit meeting with Engagement Partner and those charged with Governance on weaknesses/errors in

internal controls (WP Ref B10) • Internal Meeting with Engagement Partner & Audit Manager on Audit Findings (WP Ref A11.1) • Audit conclusion meeting with client (WP Ref A 11)

All other client communications which was relied upon in the course of the audit or which was required to ensure good communication with those charged with governance was recorded on the individual sections of the audit fieldwork Section 1 Reporting Requirements

• As identified at the planning stage there are no specific 3rd party reporting requirements for this client to regulators or third party but the following obligations were considered as part of the audit:-

o Money Laundering Reporting (Money Laundering & Terrorist Financing) Act 2010 (Section 25). o Reporting to ODCE under the CLEA 2001 o Criminal Justice Theft & Fraud Offences Act 2001 & Criminal Justice (Terrorism Offences) Act 2005 o S1079 Taxes Consolidation Act

• We have no grounds for suspicion of Money Laundering and the need to report in accordance with the Criminal Justice Act (Money Laundering & Terrorist Financing) Act 2010 (Section 25).

• No have not become aware in the course of our audit of any indictable offences committed by the company which are reportable to the Director of Corporate Enforcement

• We have considered our reporting requirements under the Criminal Justice Acts 2001 and 2005 and have not become aware of theft, fraud or other related offences as defined in the Acts.

• We have not become aware of any incidences requiring reporting under S 1079 of the Taxes Consolidation Act 1997

In accordance with ISA 200 we have

• Complied with relevant ethical requirements (a) Integrity (b) Objectivity (c) Professional competence and due care (d) Confidentiality and (e) Professional behaviour, including those pertaining to independence, relating to financial statement audit engagements

• Planned and performed the audit with professional scepticism recognising that circumstances may exist that cause the financial statements to be materially misstated

• Exercised professional judgment in planning and performing an audit of financial statements • Obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence to reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level and thereby

enable us to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the auditor’s opinion • Complied with all ISAs (UK and Ireland) relevant to the audit. An ISA (UK and Ireland) is relevant to the audit

when the ISA (UK and Ireland) is in effect and the circumstances addressed by the ISA (UK and Ireland) exist • Understood the entire text of all relevant ISA (UK and Ireland), including its application and other explanatory

material, to understand its objectives and to apply its requirements properly • Determined that there are no other audit procedures in addition to those required by the ISA’s necessary.

Section 2 Ethics, Independence & Continuance (REF ISA 220, ES, ISQC1)

• As set out in Section 2 of the APM no ethical issues that were not rectifiable with the implementation of suitable safeguards were identified at the planning stage. No information has been obtained during the audit fieldwork that would have caused the firm to decline the audit engagement had that information been received prior to commencement of the engagement.




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• Throughout the audit engagement, the engagement partner remained alert, through observation and making inquiries as necessary, for evidence of non-compliance with relevant ethical requirements by members of the Engagement team

• No matters came to the engagement partner’s attention through the firm’s system of quality control or otherwise that indicated that members of the engagement team have not complied with relevant ethical requirements. Therefore in the opinion of the engagement partner all members of the engagement team have complied with the APB Ethical Standards and the Institutes Ethical Guide

• All the threats to independence and objectivity, and safeguards implemented/ have been clearly documented OR

• At the conclusion stage in my opinion no threats to independence have arisen, this will be reviewed again at the Conclusion stage of the audit

• The engagement partner will monitor engagement performance through:- o Direction, Supervision and Performance of the audit engagement in compliance with professional

standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. o Reviews being performed in accordance with the firm’s policies and procedures (ISQC1), and on or

before the date of the auditor’s report a discussion will be held with the engagement team to ensure that sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained to support the conclusions reached and for the auditor’s report to be issued, WP Ref A11.1

o Consultation on difficult or contentious matters between engagement team and others at appropriate level outside the firm A11.1

o Engagement Quality Control Review which will involve discussion of significant matters with the engagement team, and evaluating the conclusions reached in formulating the auditor’s report and consideration of whether the proposed auditor’s report is appropriate, on WP A11.1.

o Differences of Opinion between the engagement team and the engagement quality control reviewer will be resolved through the firms policies and procedures, ISQC1.

Section 3 Laws & Regulations (REF ISA 250(A) & 250(B) If applicable)

• All discussions with management in relation to laws & regulations have been documented in the audit planning meeting on WP Ref B 9 and the audit conclusion meeting on WP Ref A11. The management have given specific representations in relation to laws and regulations in the letter of representation on WP Ref A2.

• Documentation from regulatory authorities was reviewed to assess compliance. ADD DOCUMENTS REVIEWED

Laws & Regulation Identify/Inspect Areas of Non

Compliance Responses to non compliance and/ or Reporting Requirements

• Employment Law • Employment Law • Tax Legislation

• Co. Act

• Collusion • Forgery • Deliberate failure to record

transactions • Management override of

controls

• Health & Safety and or Environmental Health

• Tax Legislation

• Investigations by regulatory organizations and government departments or payment of fines or penalties

• Sales commissions or agent’s fees that appear excessive in relation to those ordinarily paid by the entity or




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• Tax Legislation

• Tax Legislation • Tax Legislation

• Employment Law

in its industry • Purchasing at prices

significantly above or below market value

• Unusual payments in cash • Unusual transactions with

companies registered in tax havens

• Unauthorized transactions or improperly recorded transactions

• We have specifically documented responses to non compliance and/or reporting requirements in accordance

with ISA 250 and 250(B) and the ODCE. • We reviewed the legal expenses and correspondence during the year and traced to supporting

documentation and obtained relevant explanations. No issues arose Section 4 Deficiencies in Internal Controls (REF ISA 260, ISA 265) Note: A deficiency in internal control exists when

o A control is designed, implemented or operated in such a way that is unable to prevent, or detect and correct, misstatements in the financial statements on a timely basis or

o A control necessary to prevent, or detect and correct, misstatements in the financial statements on a timely basis is missing

The following deficiencies in control were noted during our audit work

Weakness / Issue File Ref Suggested Resolution / Action

OPTION 1 In this regard we conclude that the deficiencies in internal control noted above constitute “significant deficiencies” as defined in ISA 265 Communicating Deficiencies in Internal Control to Those Charged with Governance and Management. On that basis these merit the attention of those charged with governance and therefore these have been formally communicated to those charged with governance as part of the audit findings letter (WP Ref A 12).; OPTION 2 The deficiencies in internal control noted above do not constitute “significant deficiencies” as defined in ISA 265 Communicating Deficiencies in Internal Control to Those Charged with Governance and Management. On that these have not formed part of the audit findings letter (WP Ref 12) however these were discussed with management at the Audit Closing Meeting as documented at WP Ref A 11 Section 5 Achieving Audit Objectives (ISA 200, ISA 315, ISA 520, ISA 500, ISA 230, ISQC1) Knowledge of the client The client knowledge and background has been documented in the APM in Section 3. This documentary has been supported by the transaction testing performed and all other evidence obtained throughout the audit. Based on the




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information gathered throughout the audit as supported by the conclusions recorded on the working papers and the conclusions reached on the individual sections C – O Analytical Review – Expectations and Variations (Ref ISA 520) The financial performance and published results are in line with expectations and all material variances are explained on the final analytical review @ WP Ref A 6 Explanations Received, Corroborative Audit Evidence and Substantive Testing All explanations received from management throughout the audit have been fully supported by sufficient appropriate audit evidence obtained. The audit evidence obtained, substantive testing and conclusions reached have been documented throughout the file from Section C to O. Additional Audit Procedures During the planning stage of the audit we determined that no additional audit procedures would be required in addition to those required by the ISA’s in pursuance of the objectives stated in the ISAs. Following our audit testing no further additional procedures were identified Final Opinion In our professional judgement based on the evidence gathered and documented throughout the file in our professional opinion the financial statements give a true and fair view. Budget The planned budget and actual budget comparison has been recorded on WP Ref B 5. Any matters forward to improve efficiency have been recorded above in the Matters Forward Section Query & Review Points All query and partner review comments have been dealt with @ WP Ref 3.1. Section 6 Fraud (REF ISA 240)

• Throughout our audit testing samples were selected to facilitate the reasonable expectation of detecting fraud as well as designing a sample that accurately reflects the attributes of the entire population.

• Based on an initial assessment of Fraud using the Fraud questionnaire @ WP Ref A13.1 the following areas

were identified as potential fraud risk areas




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Section Specific Risk Results & Conclusions based on work carried out

WP Ref

Sales Revenue Recognition Stock Inventory Quantities Creditors Provisions-Accounting Estimates Cash/Bank Misappropriation of Cash amounts Payroll Misappropriation of Cash amounts

• Detailed conclusions can be found @ WP Ref A13.2 • The discussions with and verbal representations obtained from the directors in relation to fraud were recorded

in the audit conclusion meeting memo on WP Ref A 11. Formal written representations in relation to fraud were obtained from the directors in the letter of representation on WP Ref A 2.

• No reportable fraud offences were detected during the course the audit Section 7 & 8 Materiality & Sample Sizes (REF ISA 320, ISA 315, ISA 330, ISA 530) OPTION 1 No Change in Materiality or Sample Sizes Required The materiality levels and sample size selections as set out at the outset of the audit during audit planning at WP Ref A4.1 and WP Ref A4.2 and Sections 7 & 8 of the Audit Planning Memo were continually reviewed and assessed throughout the audit fieldwork to ensure that the initial levels set were appropriate. No information was obtained or reviewed that would have caused Compliant Auditor to determine a different amount initially Sample testing carried out on all sections accurately reflected the attributes of the entire population being tested. Overall sample sizes were appropriate and the results obtained are sufficient to form an opinion. OPTION 2 Change in Materiality or Sample Sizes Required The materiality levels and sample size selections as set out at the outset of the audit during audit planning at WP Ref A4.1 and WP Ref A4.2 and Sections 7 & 8 of the Audit Planning Memo were continually reviewed and assessed throughout the audit fieldwork to ensure that the initial levels set were appropriate. In light of information received regarding ????? we have revised the overall materiality level for the Balance and Profit & Loss to ???? and ???? respectively. Performance materiality levels have also been revised in particular materiality for Debtors has been revised to €???? While the sample size has been revised to ????.. Audit testing was carried out based on these revised materiality levels and sample sizes Section 9 Response to Significant Specific Risks Identified at Planning Stage of the audit (REF ISA 330)




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Area Risk of Material Misstatement Risk Level

Assertion Impacted

Results and Conclusions based on Audit Work Performed

WP Ref. Ref

Stocks Existence of Stock 3 E Attended Stock take. No Issues arose

F

Incorrect treatment of obsolete/slow moving stock

2 V NRV Testing on slow moving stocks identified during stock take. No particular concerns raised

F

Cash Misappropriation of Cash 2 C, V Reviewed cash book

during period and reviewed of cash levels at year- end. No material items noted

H

Sales All sales of the company not

completely recorded in accounts of company

3 C, A E

Reconciled Sales to Point of Sale Reports Performed Analytical review year on year and compared to benchmark with no issues noted

M

Section 10 Audit Accounting Estimates OPTION 1 The followings situation(s) where accounting estimates, other than fair value accounting estimates, include:

• Allowance for doubtful accounts • Inventory Obsolescence • Warranty Obligations • Depreciation method or asset useful life • Provision against the carrying amount of an investment where there is uncertainty regarding its recoverability • Outcome of long term contracts • Costs arising from litigation settlements and judgments

Option 2 There are no areas that require the use of accounting estimates Section 11 Other Matter Related Parties (REF ISA 550 & FRS 8)

• All related parties have been adequately disclosed in the Financial Statements • There were no illegal loans to directors or related companies under S31 of CA 1990 in the previous year. All

aggregate loans to directors throughout the year did not exceed 10% • Statutory minutes, legal correspondence, bank confirmations and guarantees and general correspondence

were reviewed with all related party transactions documented on WP Ref T 2.




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• Our discussions with management at the planning stage have been recorded in the audit planning meeting WP Ref B 9.

• All discussions with management in relation to related parties have been documented in the audit planning meeting on WP Ref B 9 and the audit conclusion meeting on WP Ref A 11. The management have given specific representations in relation to related parties in the letter of representation on WP Ref A 2.

• There was no evidence of window dressing or unrecorded related party transactions Going Concern (REF ISA 570) THIS SECTION NEEDS TO BE TAILORED SPECIFIC TO EACH CLIENT. COMMENTS BELOW ARE FOR ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE PURPOSES ONLY The going concern questionnaire @ WP Ref A 9.2 was completed and no issues arose. Detailed documentation of findings can be found @ WP Ref A 9.3. Copies of Cash flows, Bank facilities, Updated Management Accounts have been included on file @ A 9.4 & A 9.5. Or The going concern questionnaire @ A9.2 was completed and the following issues arose which have been dealt with and explained below. Detailed documentation of findings can be found @ WP Ref A 9.3. Issue 1 Circumstances / Facts Ongoing Litigation and/or new claims since balance sheet date Substantial Losses of €??? Net Liability or Net Current Liability Position €???? Bank confirmation letters EG Increased length of time in repaying loans No Support from group subsidiaries Management Explanation Supporting Audit evidence obtained Conclusion In our professional judgement based on the information obtained, this issue does/does not require disclosure in the accounts. GENERAL All discussions with management in relation to potential going concern issues have been documented in the audit planning meeting on WP Ref B 9 and the audit conclusion meeting on WP Ref A 11. The management have given specific representations in relation to going concern in the letter of representation on WP Ref A 2. A copy of the budgets/cash flow forecasts for the coming year is on WP Ref A9.4. These forecasts project continued steady growth and profitability.




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As highlighted and documented below based on our interpretation of ISA 700/ ISA 570 and APB Bulletin 2006/01 (specifically Appendix 3) we do not have a situation which requires any disclosures or modification of the standard audit opinion. Based on our interpretation of ISA 570 and APB Bulletin 2010/2 Bulletin 2006/1 specifically Appendix 3 we do not have a situation which requires any disclosures or modification of the standard audit opinion.

• We have obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence • The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis • There is not a significant level of concern about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern • The financial statements give a true and fair view • The directors in assessing going concern have considered a period of at least 12 months after the balance

sheet date • Thus in our professional judgement particularly in relation to going concern there is no need to make any

adjustments or disclosures in the financial statements. • Or If necessary - We have obtained and detailed below all the information necessary to make the relevant

disclosures in relation to going concern. Events After the Balance Sheet Date (REF ISA 560 & FRS 21) The following audit evidence was reviewed and inspected up to the date before the signing of the audit report, to ensure that and subsequent events have been identified and that the financial statements accurately reflect any adjustments which should be made to the year end figures. Details of the actual audit evidence examined has been recorded for each individual item on WP Ref A 10.2. Copies of Cash flows, Bank facilities, Updated Management Accounts have been included on file @ A 9.4 & A 9.5.




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o Management accounts o Cash book, invoices and bank statements o Cash flows o Correspondence o Minutes of meetings o Major contracts

ADD/DELETE TO LIST ABOVE The initial field work and final audit work were performed within 1 week of each other so no secondary subsequent events work was deemed necessary Are there any points forward from previous years which should be considered The discussions with and verbal representations obtained from the directors in relation to subsequent events were recorded in the audit conclusion meeting memo on WP Ref A 11. Formal written representations in relation to events after the Balance Sheet date were obtained from the directors in the letter of representation on WP Ref A 2. Work of an Expert (ISA 620) As set out in the Planning Memo Expert A was used during our audit due to their expertise in the area of????. The WP @ Q 1 & 2 was completed. We have reviewed the expert’s findings and conclusions, their significant assumptions and methods and in our professional judgment sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained and no other audit procedures need to be performed in pursuance of the audit objectives in the area of ????. Use of Service Organisations (ISA 402)

• We have obtained an understanding of how a user entity uses the services of a service organisation in the user entity’s operations, documented on S1 an S2.

Groups & Consolidations (ISA 600) OPTION 1 NO GROUP OPTION 2 I (name auditor) have been appointed as Group Auditor as at DD/MM/YR.

• We have obtained a letter of engagement as documented at WP B6. • We have obtained an understanding of the group as outlined in our group engagement team meeting

documented @ WP B8. • We have consolidation adjustments and reclassifications as documented at WP T 3. • We have considered the work of component auditors @ WP B8, to include :- (a) Independence, (b) Ethical

guidelines, (c) timescales. • Financial Statements and Trial Balances for each company have been filed at WP T4. • Intra group accounts have been reconciled at WP T5 with written confirmation on WP T6.

Section 12 Independent Partner / Hot File Review/External Consultation (REF ISQC 1)

• Based on an initial assessment of the engagement at the planning stage an independent partner review is not necessary. Having completed the audit file no further issues arose that would have changed the initial assessment, hence no hot file review is deemed to be necessary on this file in accordance with our internal Engagement Quality control procedures.




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• No external consultation was required for this assignment. Had such consultation requirements arose the firm would have followed its External Consultation internal policies which would include full documentation of the consultation etc

• This file will be reviewed (cold file review) on a cyclical basis as part of the firm’s annual compliance review and ongoing internal quality control procedures.

Section 13 Summary of Errors (REF ISA 450) THIS SECTION NEEDS TO BE TAILORED SPECIFICALLY TO EACH CLIENT. COMMENTS BELOW ARE FOR ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE PURPOSES ONLY

• As Compliant Accountant & Co are involved in the accounts preparation as well as the audit most detected errors are corrected as part of the accounts preparation procedures. Some minor errors remained unadjusted see WP Ref A7.1.

• All misstatements noted during our audit with a value below €500 have been excluded from this listing as they are clearly trivial. These misstatements noted at WP Ref A7.1 have not been corrected in the financial statements as these amounts are clearly immaterial both individually and in aggregate. These have been notified to the directors as part of the audit findings letter on WP Ref A12.

• Representations were also received in relation to unadjusted errors as part of the Letter of Representation @ WP Ref A 2. All material errors noted during the audit were adjusted as agreed with the Directors.

Section 14 Disclosures & Accounting Policies (REF FRS’s & Company Law) All disclosures have been made in the Financial statements in accordance with our Disclosures checklist at WP Ref A 8.1 & A 8.2 and pro-forma set of Financial statements. All accounting policies have been reviewed and these are in accordance with accounting standards and applicable law. Section 15 File Completion All working papers have been completed and reviewed appropriately as recorded by the file completion checklist on WP Ref A 5. Finalised Financial Statements have OR have not been submitted to the client within three days of approval of the financial statements and signing of the auditor’s report, WP Ref A5. The Financial Statements have been signed off by (Personal Name of Auditor) on XXX 2011 on file Ref A1.1. Section 16 Re-Appointment (Ref ISA 220) Nothing has come to my attention during the audit which would prevent the firm, subject to review next year, accepting reappointment or remaining in office. ________________________ PARTNER & DATE


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