Formation of the Earth In the beginning. Just a lot of Gas Space contained a lot of gasses and dust...
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![Page 1: Formation of the Earth In the beginning. Just a lot of Gas Space contained a lot of gasses and dust That gas and dust began to condense and heat up Matter.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070401/56649f1e5503460f94c365dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Formation of the EarthFormation of the EarthIn the beginning
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Just a lot of GasJust a lot of Gas
• Space contained a lot of gasses and dust
• That gas and dust began to condense and heat up
• Matter in the middle heated so much the gasses ignited
• BANG!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
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After the BangAfter the Bang• After the gasses
exploded it threw material out
• As the material moved away from the sun it started to cool forming planets
http://www.psc.edu/publicinfo/news/2002/images/planets-01-full.jpeg
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/jupiter/atmosphere/J_evolution_4.html
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Forming EarthForming Earth
• Earth was formed from the dust and gasses that were left after the bang
• Earth started off as a rock. It was hit by meteors over billions of years, which added to the mass of the planet.
• As the planet cooled the heavier, more dense metals began to sink to the inner part of the earth
http://www.ccsf.edu/Departments/History_of_Time_and_Life/content/EarthLayers.htm
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Formation of the EarthFormation of the Earth
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Layers of the EarthLayers of the Earth
• As the molten earth material cooled layers formed– Crust– Mantle– Outer core– Inner core
http://www.ccsf.edu/Departments/History_of_Time_and_Life/content/EarthLayers.htm
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How do we know?How do we know?
• Can’t see into the earth
• Have only drilled into a small part of the earth
• Learned what we know by studying seismic waves and how they travel
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq1/corel.gif
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Outer and Inner CoreOuter and Inner Core
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The CrustThe Crust• The crust is the
outermost layer of the earth
• It is made of two types of crust– Continental (35-100
km)– Oceanic (5-10 km)
• It is not very thick– 5-100 km thick– We have only drilled
about 5 miles (8 km) into the crust
• It’s a solid• Where we live
http://www.sirinet.net/~project/MeersEarthsCrust.htmlhttp://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/TIGER/diagrams/basics/ElementsInEarthsCrust.gif
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The MantleThe Mantle
• Is found under the crust
• Is made mostly of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)
• Where most of the earth’s heat is
• Has convection cells that cause the plates to move
• Volcanoes give us a clue to what is under the crust
http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/courses/ast105/Summary7_files/07-01.jpg
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• Convection – hot rises, cold sinks
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The Outer CoreThe Outer Core
• Is about 2200 km thick
• Made mostly of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni)
• Is a liquid• The outer core is
liquid, unlike the inner core.
http://library.thinkquest.org/10136/media/layers2.jpg
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The Inner CoreThe Inner Core
• Is a solid– Due to extreme
pressure from all the other layers of the earth
• Is 1228 km thick• Made of mostly iron
(Fe) with some nickel (Ni)
http://www.llnl.gov/str/JulAug04/Fried.html
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Other NamesOther Names
• Crust and upper mantle – lithosphere– Where the tectonic plates are found
• Bottom of the upper mantle – asthenosphere– Where the convection cells are
• Lower mantle - mesosphere
http://www.visionlearning.com/library/modules/mid69/Image/VLObject-1630-030917010902.gif
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Draw the layers of the EarthDraw the layers of the Earth
• Pages 90 and 91 in “Inside the Restless Earth”
• Include the following words; Crust, mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere.