Formalizing community-based fisheries management, challenges and opportunity:

A case from Selayar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Dedi S Adhuri (dediadhuri@hotmail.com), Indonesian Institute of Sciences Ali Yansyah A., Indonesian Institute of SciencesHelen Ross, Queensland University

October 2, 2018Co-organized with the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Ocean in FisheriesCo-organized with the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Ocean in Fisheries

The Status of Fish Exploitation Level in Indonesian Fisheries Management Areas (2015)

WPP-RI 571

Fish type Status

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud Crab

Swimming crab

WPP-RI 572

Fish typeStatus

Stok

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud Crab

Swimming crab

WPP-RI 573

Fish type

Statu

s

Stok

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud Crab

Swimming crab

WPP-RI 711

Fish typeStatu

s

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shirmp

Lobster

Mud crab

Swimming

crab

WPP-RI 712

Fish type Status

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud Crab

Swimming

crab

WPP-RI 713

Fish typeStatu

s

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pleagis

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud crab

Swimming

crab

WPP-RI 714

Fish typeStatu

s

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud crab

Swimming

crab

WPP-RI 715

Fish type Status

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud Crab

Swimming

crab

WPP-RI 716

Fish typeStatu

s

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud Crab

Swimming

crab

WPP-RI 717

Fish type Status

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagis

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud Crab

Swimming

crab

WPP-RI 718

Fish typeStatu

s

Demersal

Reef fish

Small pelagic

Squid

Big pelagic

Shrimp

Lobster

Mud cab

Swimming

crab

Fish Resource Status in Indonesian Fisheries Management Areas

Fish resources 12,5 Millions tones

General Features of Indonesian Fisheries

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Fishing Vessels in Indonesian Fisheries

subsisten fishery small scale fishery

medium scale fishery industrial scale fishery

Production 6,21 Million tones (2015)

Coastal communities contribute to about 25% of Indonesian poor people

625,633587641

Multiple gears and target species

• Why Indonesian (small scale) fisheries is as it is now?

- many reasons, but one of the most important is lack of management/poor governance:

-small scale fisheries is the least regulated fisheries (tend to crate open access regime on the ground/in the sea and top-down management)

- Government has limited capacity/capability to manage the fisheries

- Recently there is a shift toward decentralization and recognition of the traditional rights of the community to manage their own resources.

This has stimulated the move toward strengthening community-based fisheries (coastal management) through revitalization and ‘upgrading’

Community-based Fisheries/Coastal Management in Indonesia

Selayar: The context

The sitesBungaiya

Parak

Population: 1,839 people515 households

Population: 2,516 people693 households

Our participatory process (overview)

1. Team: 3 researchers, 3 existing

local facilitators

- Building local capacity

- Gender balance

2. Participatory diagnosis case studies with

villages

– Community meetings

– Participant observation, with interviews

– Regular communication

3. Regular meetings with district and

provincial govt. and wider audience

Existing management practice

Village management area Village MPA Informal regulations on fishing

practices Customary proceeding on appre

hension of destructive fishing Village management committee

But

Two villages in conflict over fisheries, others affected

and watching

Their referral to higher authorities invoked ecological

ly and socially undesirable win-lose solutions

Destructive fishing (particularly by outsiders is still

a threat

Combines multiple forms of knowledge, and management role:

MPA modeling

Policy analysis Conflict mapping

• Policy analysis to look at the legal room to support community-based c

oastal management

Some regulations on coastal management

Convincing local government to support community

But Law No. 23/2014 on Regional Government takes out the authority of district govt. to manage the first 4 miles of coastal water.

Village regulation (law) on coastal management

content: definition of management area regulation of fishing practices MPAs Management committee

The results

The village regulations(Peraturan Desa)

Post project

Dwindling implementation in Bungaiaya due to tension between village leaders:-political contestation- Different attitude toward the legal standing of the village regulation

Follow up by Parak village:

- Coordination with higher govt institutions forimplementation

- Integration of coastal management with village government financial support

- Integration of ‘garbage bank’ activities to the coastal management.

Turn garbage from pollution to source of income and improved fisheries

Concluding Remarks

There is always ‘seeds’ to plant

Not always successful

Strong leadership important keys for success (enabling condition)

Ways to go forward:- Improve existing practice- Improve legal/formal govt. support

Acknowledgement CCRESS Bungaiaya and Parak Communities INFOPESCA (Rodrigo Misa) FAO Rome office (Rebecca Mezner)