Form 4 Topics

1. Weather and climate• Weather instruments;a. Wind vane and wind roseb. Hygrometerc. Six’s thermometerd. Aneroid barographe. Rain gaugef. Stevenson screen (characteristics and sitting of

the screen)

• Factors influencing temperature and climate in Brunei:

a.Latitudeb.Monsoon windsc. Relief d.Land and sea breezes• To explain the path of monsoon winds

• Climatic features of equatorial and tropical monsoon climates

a.Equatorial climate• High temperature of 27-28°C• Small annual temperature range – 2°C• High total annual rainfall, 2000 – 2500mm• Rainfall throughout the year, no distinct wet

and dry season

b) Tropical monsoon climate• Temperature slightly lower than equatorial

climate• A distinct wet and dry season• Annual rainfall- less than 1500 mm

2. Natural Vegetationa. Tropical vegetationi. Tropical/ Equatorial rainforestii.Tropical monsoon forestiii.Mangrove swamps• Importance of forest• Forestry in Amazon• Forestry in Sabah and Brunei

b. Temperate foresti. Temperate deciduous forestii. Coniferous forest• Compare the characteristics of different kind

of forest:i. Equatorial Vs temperate forests (deciduous

and coniferous)ii. Equatorial Vs Tropical monsoon forests etc.

3. Crustal Movement• Constructive and destructive plate boundaries• Formation of oceanic ridge, oceanic trench

etc.• Types of volcanoes – explain the formation• Earth quakes – seismometers, richter scale,

magnitude

4. Weatheringa. Physical weathering• Alternate expansion and contraction• Frost action• Salt weathering• Pressure releaseb. Chemical weathering• Carbonation• Oxidation• Hydrolysis

c. Biological weathering• Bio-chemical (plants, animals and human)– Decomposition of leaves and animals– Industrial activities of human being

• Bio-physical (roots of trees, earthworms, rats etc)– Deforestation exposed the rocks to the

weathering agents

6. River Landscapesi. Works of river• Erosion, transportation and deposition• Erosion – CASH (Corrasion/Abrasion, Attrition,

Solution, Hydraulic Action)• Transportation – 3 S, 1 T (Saltation, Suspension,

Solution and Traction)ii. Erosional features• Waterfalls• Rapids• River cliff• Ox-bow lake• Interlocking spurs• gorge

iii. Depositional features• Floodplains• Levees• Slip-off slope• Delta

7. Coastal Landscapes• Types of wavesi. Destructive and ii. Constructive waves• Wave erosion – CASH• Transportation – longshore drift• Erosional features:i. Headlands and baysii. Wave-cut platformiii.Notch, cave, arch, stack and stump

• Coral reefs (practice how to draw diagrams):a. Fringing reefb.Barrier reefc. Atolls • Factors favour the growth of coral• Coastal protection:i. Groyne (to stop longshore drift)ii. Sea walliii.Water breaker

Form 5 Topics

1. Population studies• Population terms• Must know how to explain the population

pyramids:i. Broad basedii. Rectangulariii. Narrow based / bee-hive

• Demographic transition model• Population policies:i. One-child Policy in Chinaii. Have three or more if you can afford to in

Singaporeiii.Transmigration in Indonesia• Population distribution in Brunei and East

Malaysia (must know the reasons of different population density in different district)

2. Farming• Terms (subsistence, commercial, intensive,

extensive etc)• Types of farmingi. Shifting cultivation and market gardening• Brunei and East Malaysiaii. Plantation (MUST prepare)• Tea plantation• Oil palm plantationiii. Green Revolution in India (Wet Rice

Cultivation)

• farming in Brunei:a. Factorsb.Problemsc. Solutions• Always remember, factors influencing

farming:i. Physical – climate (temperature and rainfall,

soil, relief)ii. Human and economic (capital, labour, seeds,

fertilisers, machinery etc.)

2. Fishing • Read the past year questions will do (4)13 –

(4)20• Fishing in Japan• Fishing in Brunei3. Oil and Gas (6)12-(6)16• Read past year questions will do4. Industry (Optional)• Factors• Iron and steel in India and Japan

5. Tourism• Notes and June 2009 questions