Forestry and Forests Climate Change Challenge THINK GLOBALY ACT LOCALY
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Transcript of Forestry and Forests Climate Change Challenge THINK GLOBALY ACT LOCALY
Forestry and ForestsClimate Change
Challenge
THINK GLOBALY ACT LOCALY
BITOU
Adapt to Climate Change: Bring Back Indigenous
Forest to Africa
Community Indigenous Forestry Units (CIFU’s)
By: Albert Arthur Ackhurst
BITOU
BITOU Climate Change Strategy
• Indigenous Forestry Conservation Economy • Growing natural forests not monoculture
• Global Carbon Trading Markets – 60Bn $ 2007
• Capacitating up to 28 new companies: – SMME’s– BBB-EE
• Half a tree’s dry biomass = Carbon (C)• World markets are paying $’s per ton CO2e• Growing forests (trees) mitigates climate change
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Climate Change Challenges for Forestry
Increased Fires!!
Increased Flooding!!
Increased pathogens!!
Boreal / Taiga
Temperate Deciduous
Tropical
Afro-temperate Evergreen
Forests contain about 70% of all carbon present in living things
Forests cover about one third of the total land mass
Forests are critical in that they take up CO2 from the atmosphere and
store it as biomassBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Afro-temperate Evergreen
Suffered devastation at the hand of colonialism and
industrialization Only a fraction left of Africa’s Southern lung
Africa’s
forests
We are losing forest at a rate of 2 soccer fields per secondBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Boreal / Taiga
Temperate Deciduous
Tropical
Afro-temperate Evergreen
Northern / Southern hemisphere distribution
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Boreal / Taiga
Temperate Deciduous
Tropical
Afro-temperate Evergreen
So where is the potential?
Boreal Browning
Tropics are good
But they are pretty much intact
Revive Africa’s Lung!
3 Million sq km of opportunity
Ice age Inundation
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Indigenous forestry Potential
Through UNFCCC – Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Small scale mechanisms for Aforestation / Reforestation
Sinking carbon at 30 to 40 tonnes of CO2e per Hectare / yr
Selling Carbon credits at $6 ↑ per tonne CO2e ($15 soon)
20 to 30 year cycles
Sparking Local Economic Development in Bitou
Improving ecosystem services
Rationale for this Initiative
Loss
Of
Natural
Forest!
Early humans
Fynbos, Exotics & Timber plantations
Rationale to restore
Social and Environmental equity
Driven by fire & wind
exacerbated by anthropogenic impacts
(e.g. crops, burning for grazing,)
Colonialism
Anthropogenic impacts up to and
eventually Enabling
industrialisation
Southern African
Afro-temperate
Forest
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Loss
Of
Natural
Forest!
Early humansFynbos (Medt. Scrub), Aliens
& Timber manifested
Rationale to restore
Social and Environmental equity
•Socio-economic redress
•Jobs in indigenous forestry
•Biodiversity conservation
•Ecosystem services
•Re-import Carbon stocks
•Improved water mngmt.
Southern African
Afro-temperate
Forest
Colonialism
Community forestry
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Problems we need to overcome
1. Low confidence due to fire risk and premature harvesting
2. Need to clear aliens to plant indigenous forests
(To avoid potential future water crisis?)
1. But DNA definition include aliens as forest
2. Therefore need to change in SA’s definition for legibility of A/R
3. Need zero baseline scenario for alien removal and forest planting
4. DWAF, DEAT and DME to remedy the restrictions
Local
Problem
Our Response…
Fynbos and Aliens burn
every 5 to 12 years
Setting clock back to zero
Increasing:
•Habitat loss
•Substrate compaction
•Rampant fires
•Flooding
•Loss of water
•Wholesale carbon export
•POVERTY
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Southern Cape Landscape wide scale…Of the more than 208 000 ha’s of original indigenous forest
less than 74 000 hectares remain
>133 000 ha’s of land potential for Community Indigenous Forestry!!
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Developed Afro-centric Indigenous Forestry Database, Field verification and sustainable LED business models
BAARTMAN-BIKO
ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
What we have done
•Concept
•Research
•Pilot
•Scale-up
•Replicate & Roll-outBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Developed Seedbank (accelerate propagation of trees)By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Indigenous Forestry Skills and Nursery
TYPE SIZE Ha STATUS LAND TENURE
Indigenous Forestry 0.8 to 8 Ha Pilot project Private (Self Funded)
•Researched the Carbon market – UNFCCC-Kyoto
•Researched and implemented rapid Re-Aforestation
•Developed economic models & Green-collar jobs
•Developed Community participation and discourse
•Aligned with local IDP
Established Local Community Project
Planting Indigenous Forest & Creating Jobs
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
The Phi Nursery
Seed harvest
Propagation
Bagging & Prep
Ready for planting
From Climate Change Problem to Community Development
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Single Community Nursery design on half a Hectare
80% Shadenet
60% Shadenet
Propagation shed
Off take area
Mulch
Water
System of 10m x 10m square areas (units)
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Propagation unit (10m x 10m)
Consisting of double rows of seedling trays (100)
25 x (100 plug trays)
75 x (200 plug trays)= 17,500 plugs every 3 to 6 months Considering 60% yield
= 105 000 plugs (3-6 mts)
design
10m x 10m unit
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Energy Efficient Workflow Dynamic
Manpower
Gravity
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
A single Community Nursery on half a hectare can produce 200,000 trees supporting the Indigenous Forestry of 100
hectares each year.
100 Ha’s
Single Community Nursery design on half a Hectare
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
A Community Forestry Nursery is associated with other BBB-EE SMME’s who contracts with and sell to each
other in a unique sustainable conservation economy, defined as a Community Indigenous Forestry Unit
(CIFU).
Micro-economics of
Community Indigenous Forestry
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Community Indigenous Forestry Unite.g. 8 nurseries, 8 alien clearing teams, 2 transport teams, etc.
•Alien clearing team startsSells poles and biomass•TransportOccurs between all business units•Materials providers prep and sourceSells to nursery builders•Mulchers prep biomassSells to nurseries and Forest planting•Builders build Phi nurseriesSells to Nursery owners•Seed agents source seed/lingsSells to nurseries, buys from collectors•Nursery owners grow seedlingsSells to Forest initiation (planters)•Re-aforest. teams plants up ha’s Sells to Project owner/trader?•M & F cares for and raises treesSells service to Project owner?Project owner (community) sells biomass/carbon
CIFU Business units Jobs
Materials providers(2)
Materials supervisor
Materials processors x 3
Transport(2)
Driver supervisor
Loading and logistics x 2
Alien clearing(8)
Supervisor
Team admin and cooking
Machine/chainsaw Operators x 2
Alien Cut and stack x 6
Substrate development (mulchers)(4)
Mulching supervisor
Mulcher Operator
Mulcher Loading and logistics x 4
Seed agents (collectors)(4)
Seed Agents
Seed collectors x 2
Builders (nurseries)(2)
Builder
Building staff x 4
Nursery (growers)(8)
Nursery manager
Horticulturist x 2
Nursery workers x 4
Re-aforestation (planting)(8)
Re-aforestation supervisor
Re-aforestation worker x 4
Maintenance and fire mgmt (8)
M & F Supervisor
M & F workers x 4
New Forest = 800 to 10 000 Ha’s
28 New BBB-EE Bitou SMME’s
(Program of works 800 to 10 000 ha’s)
New jobs = 40 to 500 (in 5 years)
Individual businesses within a CIFU requires a full range of administrative and business
support services to succeed
Startup entrepreneurs require mentoring support in establishing new businesses.
A full service business incubator from startup through profitability is provided at a capped flat rate of up to 30% overhead which is included in
the business models and is covered by the project cost
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Operations
Trading
Business dev.
Marketing & Sales
Business services
Negotiating
Forests
Aliens
Fire
NurseriesTransport
seeds
Builders
Materials
Mulch
Carbon
Bio-offs
Audit CDM
Fund
Fin
DTI grants
Subs
Project
Private
New-biz
HRBooks
Legal
Training
Space & Place
Partners
Land-use
Full Service Business Incubator
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
CIFU CASHFLOW REINVESTMENT MODEL
Cost of 1 CIFU
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Land where CIFU PPP’s may be located
Community agreements are NOW needed with:
Local Authorities
Land Affairs
DWAF
SANParks
DEADP
Private Landowners
Developers
Up to 100 000 ha’s in Bitou Municipality possible!
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Materials
Mulching
Alien clearing
Fire & Maintenance (F
&M)
Jobs
001015021042063094125146150153155157159160
Mulching
Materials
800 ha’s/pa
Seeds
Seeds
Over The Next 10 Years in Bitou
500
10,000 ha’s/paBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
1 Ha Timber Forestry 1 Ha Indigenous forest
Reduced water retention Improved water retention
Very high fire risk over 20 yrsIncreases exponentially with climate change
Very low fire risk over 20 yrs
Improved soil, mulch and litter layerImproved catchment, reduced erosion
Reduced soil nutrient & catchmentIncreased risk of erosion
WaterWater
FireFire
EcologicalEcologicalServicesServices
New opportunities for various SMME’s in stratified career paths
Restricted within high overheadsAnd regulated industry standards LEDLED
High potential for sustainable use(medicines, ecotourism, fruits, seeds, and saplings for indigenous projects)
Low potential for sustainable Alternative products
NTPNTPNon Timber
Products
New Worldwide Carbon marketsHigh volume of indigenous biomass,Soil carbon increases over time (tradable)
Cannot trade carbon on timber standswithin 30 years of land-use change,
soil Carbon reduces over time
CARBONCARBONTrees & Soil
$7/t CO2e
Annual returns based on increment and current pricing in growing market
Risk of market uncertainty over longTerm, return only after long rotations
ROIROIReturn on Inv.Return on Inv.
R+ per HaExcluding timber, NTP and eco-services value
R4,700-00 to R6,000-00 per Ha Land UseLand UseValue P/aValue P/a
Barriers to entry into the World Carbon Market
1.Current pricing low for A/R between $4 - $6 / tCO2e
2.Low confidence due to fire risk and premature harvesting
3.Need to clear aliens to plant indigenous forests
4.But DNA definition include aliens as forest
5.Therefore change in SA’s definition for legibility of A/R
6.Need zero baseline scenario for alien removal and forest planting
7.A concerted effort by DWAF, DEAT and DME to remedy the restrictions
8.We believe DWAF can lead this initiative for a better future
9.Currently Only Voluntary mechanisms through tCERS and lCers
It is foreseen that this mechanism will exponentially increase as a worldwide effort to benefit poor local communities and ecosystem services along with avoided deforestation (REDD).