Forest Successional Processes in the E. S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan Ivette...
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![Page 1: Forest Successional Processes in the E. S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan Ivette Perfecto John Vandermeer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d2b5503460f94a0000d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Forest Successional Processes in the E. S. George Reserve,
Livingston County, Michigan
Ivette Perfecto
John Vandermeer
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The transformation of the Oak-dominated forests
• Oak-domination is an anthropogenic product of Native American agriculture and hunting activities.
• Red maple (Acer rubrum) survived in swamps and is now spreading.
• American beech (Fagus americana) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) were eliminated from vast areas.
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The transformation of the Oak-dominated forests
• Since sugar maple and American beech are not very common in these forests, we expect recruitment limitation to occur.
• We also expect a fat-tail distribution of seed dispersal (as suggested by Clark et al., 1998)
No. seeds
Distance
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The transformation of the Oak-dominated forests
Oak
Red Maple
Sugar Maple American Beech
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OBJECTIVES
• 1) Estimate the possible time-course of replacement of oaks by red maple.
• 2) Estimate the possible long term time-course of replacement of red maples by American beech and sugar maple.
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SITE AND METHODOLOGY
Wetlands
Old fields
Forest
Main plot
Esker plot
Hourglass plot
West woods plot
Patterson lake plot
E. S. George Reserve
three 100 X 70 M2
Plus one 100 X 70 M2 plot
at the Patterson Lake
Facility
one 16
hectares
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![Page 8: Forest Successional Processes in the E. S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan Ivette Perfecto John Vandermeer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d2b5503460f94a0000d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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62 surviving offspring:
from seedling to 10 cm dbh
2 largest are 70 and 78 years old
60 hectares were surveyed
DISTRIBUTION OF BEECH
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Wetlands
Old fields
Forest
Main plot
Esker plot
Hourglass plot
West woods plot
Patterson lake plot
SUGAR MAPPLE
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Data to be Collected • Continue the censuses of small plot (summer 2003-2004)
• Locate and tag all seedlings and saplings near remnant reproductive red maples (summer 2003-2004)
• Seed traps near the two reproductive red maples (fall 2003)
• Sugar maple seedlings will be planted in forested areas (mainly in the Patterson Lake Nature Center, if it remains available) to verify that suitable microhabitats
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Analyses • Seed traps we will provide an accurate estimate of
the seed shadow of the two remnant sugar maples.
• The data will allow us to determine if there is a "fat tailed" distribution.
• Spatial simulation model by Higgens et al. (2001)
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Analyses • With the 2004 re-census it will be possible to
estimate both the mortality rate of all trees and the growth rate of all trees.
• Estimates of the time course of the replacement of the oaks and hickories by the red maple.
• Here the modeling framework will be a simple
stage structured model (Caswell, 2001).
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Future Research • Depending on the results, the new proposal
to NSF may include aspect of dispersal limitation and neutral competition (Hubble et al, 1999; Vandermeer et al, 2000) as mechanism for the maintenance of diversity.
• Comparison between these mechanisms in tropical and temperate forests.
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