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Forest Management for Small Woodlots · Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) •EQIP -...
Transcript of Forest Management for Small Woodlots · Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) •EQIP -...
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Forest Management for Small Woodlots
Julie Crick
MSU Extension
Natural Resources Educator
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Outline of today’s topics:
• Traditional Forest Management
• Crop Tree Management
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http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=27&detID=1207
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Forest Succession
• Partially driven by tree tolerance to shade
Shade TolerantSugar MapleBeechBasswoodCedarBalsam firSprucesHemlock
Shade Intolerant (requires full sun)Jack pineRed pineAspen – popplePaper birch
IntermediateOaksWhite pineAsh
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Forest Succession
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Succession follows Disturbance
• Drought, insect epidemic
• Wildfires
• Agriculture (NLP and UP)
• Forest management = logging = disturbance
– Planned disturbance
– Outcomes predictable (somewhat)
– Forest management activities are specifically chosen to regenerate desired species of trees
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Forest Management• Clearcutting
– Apsen
– (White, Red, Jack) pine
– (White, Black) spruce
– Oaks
• Shelterwood and/or Seed tree– Oaks
– White pine
– Spruce-fir
– Northern hardwoodsUniversity of Minnesota Extension
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Forest Management
• Single tree selection
– High quality hardwoods
• Timber stand improvement
http://www.uplandjournal.com/cgi-bin/ikonboard312a/ikonboard.cgi?act=Print;f=31;t=80635
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Forest Management
• Group or gap creation
– hardwoods
http://michigansaf.org/Business/MSAFguide-2010/1-5-Management.html
http://phys.org/news/2011-05-trade-offs-deer-timber.htmlCredit: Megan Matonis, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University
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Forest Management
http://oregonforests.org/content/ask-forester
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Income Opportunities
• Income from timber harvest itself• Depends on species and size of trees• – and market availability/demand!!
• Aspen regeneration – decorative poles• Gap creation – (rasp)berry growth opportunity
• Ramps, violets, edible wild plants• Firewood – tops usually left behind after timber harvest• Game wildlife – benefit from branches on the ground
• increase in sunlight = more ground vegetation• Agroforestry – forest crop production under forest
canopy
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Crop Tree Field Guide
https://www.fs.usda.gov/naspf/publications/crop-tree-field-guide-selecting-and-managing-crop-trees-central-appalachians
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Crop Tree Management
• Reducing competition
– Light
– Water
– Space
– Nutrients
– Carbon dioxide
– Oxygen
– Above ground
– Below ground
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Crop Tree Management
1. Identify goals
– Timber production, habitat (game or non-game), recreation, enhanced view (aesthetics)
2. Develop crop tree criteria
– Site quality important
– Different for each forest stand (type)
– 100 acres or less
– Pre- or Non-commercial stands
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Crop Tree Management
3. Inventory property / stands
4. Layout proposed treatment
5. Decide how many crop trees to release per acre
6. Decide which trees to cut to release crop trees
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Crop Tree Management
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Crop Tree Management
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Crop Tree Management
Graphic by Cornell University
Crop trees identified Competing trees in brown Competing trees removed
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Crop Tree Management
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Income Opportunities from Crop Tree Management
• Timber trees increase in value• Wildlife – hunting or lease for hunt
• recreation value non-game wildlife (birdwatching, personal value)
• Aesthetics – personnel or commercial view• Trails – personal or commercial use
• Water quality – regional streams/lakes • Use removed trees for – firewood, decorative
poles, sign posts, pulpwood, chips for trails
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Crop Tree Management
Example Crop Tree Criteria for:
• Timber• Wildlife• Aesthetics• Water quality
http://forestandrange.org/planning/lsregion/management/croptreerelease.htm
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Crop Tree Criteria for Timber
• Dominate / Co-dominate trees 25’ tall
• Healthy crown; large relative to dbh
• High value commercial species for area
• Expected longevity of 20+ years
• Species well adapted to site
• Limiting factors:
– # of trees per acre for reasonable cost
– Grow rapidly while maintaining characteristics that make them valuable (1-2 side release)
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Crop Tree Criteria for Wildlife
Mast Trees
• Dominate or Co-dominate
• Healthy crown, large crown relative to dbh
• Hard mast producers favored
• Expected longevity of 20+ years
• Cavities, large broken branches ok
• Indicators of important mast producers:– Crown position
– Species
– Genotype
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Crop Tree Criteria for Wildlife
Cavity Trees
• Mast producer = release, otherwise just keep
• Trees any species, size and crown position
• Dead, upper crown branches
• Cavities in main bole ok
• Expected longevity not important
Flick: ibm4381
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Crop Tree Criteria for Aesthetics
• Species that produce attractive flowers or fall foliage
• Visible from roadways
• Adjacent to streams, waterways
• Longevity of 20+ years
• Unique trees – Branching
– Bark
– Tree shape
http://www.superiortrails.com/keweenaw-color.html
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Crop Tree Criteria for Aesthetics
• Sugar maple – gold/yellow • Honey locust – bright yellow
• Red maple – bright red • Bald cypress – russet red, needle drop
• Aspen (Popple) – bright yellow • Sweetgum – deep red to purple
• Red oaks – russet red • Redbud – bright yellow
• White oaks – yellow or dusty red • Tulip poplar - yellow
• Sassafras – yellow to deep red • Hickories – yellow
• Larch – bright yellow, needles drop
Link to article:http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/introducing_michigans_fall_color_lineup
“Michigan’s Fall Color Lineup” – by Bert Cregg
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Crop Tree Criteria for Water Quality
• Control non-point source pollution
• Absorb excess nutrients from runoff
• Slows runoff
• Groundwater recharge
– Infiltration rates increase
• Stabilizes soil
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Crop Tree Criteria for Water Quality
• Nutrient uptake most rapid in young, deciduous trees
• Red and white oak, red maple, quaking aspen absorb nitrogen well, to a point
• Basswood, yellow poplar, dogwood, red cedar
– Calcium, phosphorous, potassium
– Beech, red spruce, pines, hemlock - slower uptake
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Visual Considerations
• Competing trees
– Cut down?
– Knocked down?
– Remain standing (dead)?
• Park-like or not
• Mid-story treatment
• Fell during dormant seasonhttps://cffe.cfans.umn.edu/field-sites/porcupine-mountains
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Crop Tree Field Guide
https://www.fs.usda.gov/naspf/publications/crop-tree-field-guide-selecting-and-managing-crop-trees-central-appalachians
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Forestry Assistance Program
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Forestry Assistance Program• Foresters available to meet at no charge
– Provide guidance
– Referral service for professional providers
– Internet search for “MDARD FAP”
– Employed through local Conservation Districts
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Natural Resources Conservation Service(NRCS)
• EQIP - Environmental Quality Incentives Program
• Forestry practices, including crop tree release may qualify for cost share
• Forest Management Plan (~100% cost share)• TSI – Timber Stand Improvement• Clearcutting to regenerate aspen/oak for wildlife• Tree planting for wildlife
Michigan NRCS Local Service Centers and Field Staffhttps://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/mi/contact/local/
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Consulting Foresters and Timbermen
• Association of Consulting Foresters
– https://www.acf-foresters.org/
• Michigan Association of Timbermen
– http://www.timbermen.org
• Michigan Forest Products Council
– http://www.michiganforest.com/
• Local Conservation Districts
– List of service providers
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Resources
• MSU Product Center
– https://www.canr.msu.edu/productcenter/
– “The MSU Product Center can help you develop and commercialize high value products in the food, agriculture and natural resource sectors.”
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Questions?
Julie Crick, MSU Extension Natural Resources Educator
Roscommon, MI989-275-7179
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Illustrated Example
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Illustrated Example
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Illustrated Example
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Illustrated Example
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Illustrated Example
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Illustrated Example
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Illustrated Example
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Illustrated Example
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Questions? Comments?
Julie CrickMSU Extension EducatorRoscommon, [email protected]
http://blogs.sierraclub.org/sierradaily/2011/08/bicycle-eating-trees.html