Forest & Envionment Species

8/11/2019 Forest & Envionment Species

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FOREST ANDENVIRONMENT

SPECIES

Complied By:

Publicity and Extension Division

Punjab Forest Department24-Cooper Road, Lahore. Ph: (042) 99200796


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Sl.No.

SCIENTIFICNAME

ENGLISHNAME

LOCALNAME

DISTRIBUTION/DESCRIPTION TREE/SPECIES

1 AbiespindrowRoyle

Silver fir Partal,Paludar

Origin: Native to Himalayas of the Sub-Continentincluding Pakistan, Afghanistan and India.

Suitability in Pakistan: It is found high elevation inAzad Kashmir, Murree Hills, Hazara, Swat, Dir andChitral.

Description:A large, tolerant and evergreen tree 45 to60 m tall with a diameter 1.8 to 2.4 m. The crownextends to the ground with the branches of drooping,forming a conical crown. Leaves are needless 2 to 4 cmlong. The tree is valuable member of the coniferousforest that grows on steep sites.It grows on a variety ofdeep, rich soils, formed from various parent materials. Italso grows on steep, cool, northern exposures adaptedto a precipitation zone of 1100 to 2500 mm/yr, prefersin humid cold temperatre climate with a temperaturerange of -10 to 30c within an elevation range of 2000to 3000m. It reproduced from seed. It grows slow. MAIof 4 to 6 m3/ha/yr has been recorded. Wood is grain,straight, even, color of wood is white, turning to lightbrown with age with a specific gravity of 0.48 with acalorific value of 4500 Kg and strength is light, soft.

Uses: Construction, fuel, fodder (winter) watershedprotection, packing cases and plywood.

2 Abrusprecatorius L

Crab'seye

Ratti

3 Abutilonbidentatumhochst

Abution Pataka


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4 Abutilonindicum (L)Sweet)

Country-mallow

Peeli booti

5 Acacia albidaDel.

Australianacacia

AustralianKikar, SudaniKikar, SufaidKikar

Origin: Native to Tropical and Sub-Tropical of Africa.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted along theKhurram Garhi Canal and in Botanical and Research

Gardens.

Description:An evergreen, thorny, moderate-size tree,6 to 13 m tall. An intolerant, drought resistant tree thatgrows on a variety of textured soils. It will toleratesaline, sodic sites if adequate soil moisture is available.It requires precipitation of 250 to 1400 mm/yr. It prefersa semi arid, sub-tropical/tropical climate within atemperature range of -15 to 45 C, which indicatessome frost hardiness and at present no disease orinsects problems have been identified. It easily

reproduced from seed or by vegetatves means. Pre-treatment of seed with boiling water increasesgermination. Average height and diameter for 20 yearof old trees is 10 m and 15.7 cm respectively. It isuseful for controlling erosion in gullied areas and alsocan be grown on saline, sodic sites for soil reclamationand biomass production. The color of sapwood iswhitish gray, smooth & heartwood. The specific gravityof 0.59 and calorific value of 4910 kcal/kg. The wood islight and not very strong. It is a very useful tree in aridareas of Pakistan. Ideally situated for planting along

river banks and canals. In Africa it is reported to shedits leaves in the wet seasons. Also having ability to fixnitrogren makes it a good farm forestry tree. Flowersare in bunches 3.5 to 14 cm long appears betweenFebruary and April.

Uses: Fodder, Fuel and Timber (construction, boat &


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buildings), nitrogen fixing.

6 Acaciaaneura FMuell

Australianacacia

Anoora,Noora

Origin: Native to Dry Interior Regions of Australia.

Suitability in Pakistan: It is planted in gardens andhas been used in Arid Zone afforestation.

Description:A slow growing shrub to small tree, 4 to 5

m tall with a diameter of 20 cm. It grows on a variety ofsoils including heavy clay that are well drained. It preferprecipitation of 250 to 750 mm. It will also grow in alridto semi arid regions with a temperature range of -5 to40 c, indicates some frost hardiness. At present nodisease or insects problems have been identified.Leaves are phyllodes 3 to 7.5cm long by 2.5 to 7.5 mmwide. An intolerant, drought and hardy tree.Reproduced easily from seed. Seed stores for at leastone year treated with insecticides and sealed in air tightdrums. It is a very useful tree in arid and Semi-aridareas of Pakistan. Also having ability to fix nitrogrenmakes it a good farm forestry tree.The color ofsapwood is dark brown with golden yellow, heavy, hardand durable. The specific gravity reported to have aMAI of 2 to 3 m3/ha/yr. Flowers are in bunches 1.5 to 2cm long appearing in June.

Uses: Fodder, Fuel apiculture, spears, clubs andboomerangs.

7 Acaciacatechu wild

Blackcatechu

Khair/Katha Origin: Native to the Sub-Continent in the WsternRegions of the Himalayas..

Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in Malakand,Hazara and Rawalpindi Sitricts and it also can beplanted in the Punjab and Sindh.

Description:A medium sized, deciduous tree, 9 to 15m tall with a diameters of 29 to 31 cm. The bole and


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lindi9 Acacia

cyclopsG.Don

Australianacacia,Rooikrans

AustralianKikar

Origin: Native to the South Australia. Suitability inPakistan: It can be planted successfully in sand dunesand coastal areas of Pakistan especially growing verywell in Peshawar.

Description:A small, dense, evergreen, bushy shrubs

tree, 3 to 8 m tall. Leaves are phyllodes grown indownward vertical position. The foliage is light green,smooth and shiny when young. An intolerant, droughthardy tree which grows best on on soils fromcalcareous and quartizitic parent materials. It is adaptedto coarse sandy soils and will even gron on sand dunecrests. It will tolerate salt spray, saline sites and highwinds. It prefers precipitation of 200 to 800 on semi-arid, warm Mediterranean climate, with a temperaturerange of 5 to 30c, which indicates some frosthardiness. At present no disease or insects have been

identified. Reproduced easily both from seed. Pre-treating the seed with abrasion, acis soak or a hot watersoak will increase germination. Seed is stored for longperiod in the soil surface. Birds will also spread thisaggressive tree. It is relatively slow growng but willyield 12 kg dry biomass from a tree with a basaldiameter of 10 cm. Harvestable size between 7 to 10years.Very aggressive tree and one established in anareas it is difficult to remove. It grows well in a saltyenvironment and has been successfully used tostabilize sand dunes.The sapwood is grayish white,

havy, hard and very strong. The grain is closed.Flowers are yellow growing in showy heads and appearbetween April and may.

Uses: Fodder (goats), Fuel, ornamental and apiculture.10 Acacia

farnesianaSweetacacia

MeethaKikar,

Origin: Native to the Tropical America.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted successfully


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(L) Wild Vilayati Kikar in and is adapted to many areas of Pakistan upto anelevation limit of 1200 m.

Description: An evergreen, throny shrubs or smalltree, 3 to 5 m tall. Leaves are compound 1.2 to 5.5 cmlong. The foliage is green, smooth and shiny whenyoung. A moderately intolerant tree that grows best on

a variety of loose sandy soils, prefers well drained sitesalong water courses, tolerate saline, alkali sites. Itprefers precipitation of 250 to 1200 mm/yr ib senu-arid,sub-humid climate within a temperature range of -5to35c, which indicates some frost hardiness. Atpresent no disease or insects have been identified.Reproduced easily both from seed. It will seed naturallyon sites where it is adapted. It is relatively slow growngbut will yield 1 to 3 m3/ha/yr.This is a nitrogen fixingtree is adapted to a variety of arid sites including saline,sodic soils. An aggressive tree because it can tolerate

sone shade. Have a potential for farm forestry treeparticularly in areas where salinity or sodicity problem.The sapwood is white, heartwood is red, quite dense,havey, hard & strong and closed grained. Flowers areyellow growing in showy heads, fragarant maturebetween November and March depending ongeographic location. Pods are small 4 to 7 cm.

Uses: Fodder (goats), Fuel, perfume, nitrogen fixing,hedge, windbreak and lakh production.

11 Acacia

hydaspica R.Parker

Acacia Kikar

12 AcaciajacquemontiiBenth

Desertacacia

Kikar

13 Acacialeucophloea

Acacia Reru


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to pale yellow, appear between March and May.

Uses: Fodder, fuel, agricultural implements, hedge,apiculture and gum.

15 Acacianilotica (L)Wild ex-Delile

Arabictree

Kikar, Babul Origin: Native to Pakistan and is found in the Sindh,Punjab, Balochistan and NWFP. It is wild as well asextensively cultivated throughout the world, usuallybelow 600 m in elevation.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in the plains.

Description:An evergreen, thorny, moderate-size tree,20 m tall. Leaves are compound, 2.5 to 7.5 cm long.Crown form varies from conical to spreading. Anintolerant, drought resistant tree that grows on a varietyof sites. It will tolerate saline, sodic sites if adequate soilmoisture is available. It requires precipitation of 125 to1300 mm/yr. It prefers a semi arid, sub-tropical/tropical

climate within a temperature range of 1 to 45 C. Itexhibits distinct differences between sub-species as tofrost hardiness and drought resistance. At present thereare minor problems with seed insects. It is easilyreproduced from seed. Pre-treatment of seed withboiling water increases germination. Keeping in cowdung for a week also helps in quick germination. It isrelatively fast growing and will yield 4 to 15 m/ha/yr in20 years. Average height and diameter for 20 year ofold trees is 10 m and 15.7 cm respectively. It is usefulfor controlling erosion in gullied areas and also can begrown on saline, sodic sites for soil reclamation andbiomass production. This valuable tree is adapted to avariety of arid sites. Aggressive and is easilyestablished. It is important in the central and southernregions of Pakistan and its wood is valued for fuel andcharcoal. Young trees need protection from grazing.Have a great potential as a farm forestry tree. It is


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useful for controlling erosion in gullied areas and alsocan be gron on saline, sodic sites for soil reclamationand biomass production. The color of sapwood is white;heartwood is pinkish white turning to reddish brown.The specific gravity of 0.75 and calorific value of 4900kcal/kg. The wood is durable, heavy, hard and verystrong. Flowers are fragrant, yellow to bright yellow

growing in bunches and mature year around.

Uses: Fodder, Fuel and Charcoal, agriculturalimplements, pit props, apiculture, gum, lac production,tannin, fencing, land stabilization, nitrogen fixing.

Medicinal value: Bark for diarrohoea and dysentery.16 Acacia

senegal (L)Wild

Senagalacacia

Khor,Kumbat

Origin: Native to Pakistan. Also planted extensivelythroughout Africa, central and South America, the Sub-Continent and other parts of the World.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in the lower

Sindh, Baluchistan & Punjab.

Description: A small, thorny deciduous shrub, with aheight upto 8m. The thorns typically occur in threes,withy central ones curved. The leaves are compound 2to 5 cm long. The bark is smooth, pale greenish grayand peels off in flakes. An intolerant, drounght resistanttree that grows on a variety of very hard sites, usuallybelow 1700 m in elevation. It will not toleratewaterlogging and requires preciption between 200 to800 mm/yr. It prefers an arid to semi-arid, hot sub-

tropical, maritime climate with a temperature range of -4to 48c. It can tolerate periods of dlrought up to 8 to 10months. Mature trees are susceptible to termite attackduring periods of strees. Releatively slow growing withalife span of 25 to 30 years. Yields of 1 to 4 m3/ha/yr at25 years of age, depending on the site. Reproducedboth from seed and by vegetative means. It can be


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planted through seedlings pre-treated of seed with anover night soak in water will increase germination. Thetree is adapted to a variety of arid sites and alils. Veryaggressive and easily established. IOt coppices readilyand under certail conditions, it become a serioysprobles because it is difficult to eradicate. Have goodfor nitrogen fixer, erosion control on very harsh sites &

very useful for farm forestry tree. The specific gravity ofwood is heavy, strong with a calorific value of 3200Kcal/kg, Colour of sapwood is yellowish, white andhreatwood is black. Grain is coarse textured. Flowersare fragrant, white to pale yellow growing in bunchesand occur between August and December.

Uses: Fodder, Fuel, gum (food, beverages), landstabilixation, nitrogen fixing, poles and agriculturalimplements.


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17 Acacia seyalDel.

Australianacacia

Red kikar,Shittim

Origin: Native to Africa.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inDera Ismail Khan and Bund Korai in NWFP.

Also planted as a roadside trees extensivelythrought the hottest areas of Pakistan.

Description:A shrib or small tree up to 12 mtall. The crown is often flat and branching nearthe base. It is a deciduous tree with compoundleaves. It has sharp thorns usually in Paris andstraight. The bark is rough, cream to greenishyellow, or dary gray, reddish brown or black. Anintolerant, drought resistant tree that grows ona varieties of this tree tolerate waterlogging andcan even stand inundation for part of the year,It prefers a precipitation zone of 300 to 800

mm/yr on arid to semi-arid, hot, climate with atemperature range of 5 to 45 c. It can toleratelong period of drought, 8 to 10 months and freefrom insect and disease problems. The tree isadopted to a variety of arid sites and soils. Veryaggressive, easily established and can toleratewaterlogging and inundation. A good nitrogenfixer, very useful for erosion control on veryharsh sites and very good farm forestry tree.Reproduced both from seed and by vegetative

means. Pre-treatment of seed by nicking theseed coat, by an overnight soak in water insulfuric acid will increase germination. Thespecific gravity of wood is heavy, dense &strong, Colour of sapwood is light cream todark. Grain is close and rough. Flowers areyellow, fragrant, and appear between March


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and June.

Uses: Fodder, Fuel, gum, land stabilixation,nitrogen fixing, poles and agriculturalimplements.

18 Acacia tortilis(Forsk)

Turtleacacia,UmbrellaThorn

Waliati Kikar Origin: Native to Africa.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in

arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan.

Description:A fast growing small tree 4 to 15m tall. The crown is often flat, and umbrella likesupported by several stems. Foliage isfeathery-like and the leaves are compound andare small 1.25 to 3.5 cm. An intolerant, droughtresistant tree that growns on a variety of veryhard, lowland sites that have good drainage. ItIt favors alkali soils and will tolerate salinity. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 100 to 1000

mm/yr. It prefers an arid to sami-arid, hot,climate with a temperature range of 3 to 45 c.It can tolerate periods of drought of 8 to 10months and free from insect and diseaseproblems. A fast growing tree. Yields of 2 to 4m3/ha/yr, depdnding on the site have beenrecorded. It 12 years old plantation produced54 tons of fuelwood from one ha. This tree isadapted to a a variety of arid sites and soils. Itis best suited to well drained, alkali soils, butcan create problems by sending roots intofarmers fields. A very good nitrogen fixer,useful for erosion control on very harsh sitesand very useful farm forestry tree. Reproducedboth from seed and by vegetative means. Pre-treatement of seed by nicking the seed coat, byan overnight soak in water, or a soak in fulfuricacid will increase germination. The specific


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gravity of wood is heavy, strong, dense and dryheartwood with a calorific value of 4400Kcal/kg, Grain is coarse, spiral. Flowers arewhite and appear singly or in clusters in theSpring. The pods are twisted, yellowish brownand mature in early summer.

Uses: Fodder, Fuel, gum (food, beverages),land stabilixation, nitrogen fixing, poles andagricultural implements.

19 Acercaesium Wallex-Brandus

Maple Trekhan Origin: Native to Pakistan, India and Nepal.

Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it is foundin association with conifers at elevationsbetween 200 to 35oo m. Specific locations areChitral, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Murree Hills and

Azad Kashmir.

Description: A slow growing, deciduous tree

20 to 24 m tall. The crown is closed and ovalshaped and stem diamters of 47 to 95 cm.Leaves are simple, alternate 3 to 5 lobed and 8to 20 cm wide. A moderately shade toleranttree that grows on a variety of well drainedsites. It grow on fertile soils from clays tosands. It requires a precipitation zone of 750 to1500 mm/yr. It prefers a humid cool, coldtemperate climate with a temperature range of -20 to 35 c. and an elevation range of 2000 to3500 m. It is frost and hard. A leaf rust, tar-spotcan cause severe premature defoliation. Thetree is adapted to a variety of sites and soils. Itis a valuable componenet of the coniferousforest sna dis being harvested withoutreplacement. Initial growth is slow butincreases with age to approdimately 0.2 to 0.5cm of diameter growth/yr. Reproduced both


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from seed and vegetative means. The specificgravity of wood is dense, strong and tough witha calorific value of 0.63. Colour of sapwood &haartwood are creamy to pinkish white. Grain isstraight, fine even textured. Flowers are smallyellowish-green and appeared between Marchand May. The seeds are flattened, joined and

each seed has a thin papery wing & maturesbetween June and October.

Uses: Furniture, bobbins, flooring, carving andornamental.

20 Acernegundo L

PlainsMaple

Acer

21 AceroblongumWall

Himalayan Maple,

Acer

Panhgor,Kirmola

Origin: Native to Pakistan, India, Nepal andSouth China.

Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in a Sub-

Himalayan tract, eastward from the Indus river.It is grown as an ornamental in the palins.

Description: A slow growing, deciduous tree12 to 15 m tall. The crown is closed, ovalshaped and stem diamters of 4o to 50 cm.Leaves are simple, alternatte, oblong to lanceshaped, to 18 cm long and 2 to 8 cm wide. Amoderately shade tolerant tree that grows on avariety of well drained sites and porous soils. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 750 to 1500

mm/yr. It prefers a humid cool, to sub-tropicalmonsoon climate with a a temperature range of-3.5 to 40c and an elevation range of 600 to2000 m. It is frost hardy and no insect ordisease problems. The tree is rare or hard tofind in Pakistan. Because it can be used as afodder tree and is good for shade and fuel and


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have very food farm forestry. Initial growth isslow but increases with age. Average heightgrowth for 4 years is 2m and a MAI of 2.25m3/ha/yr. Reproduced both from seed and byvegetative means.The specific gravity of woodis dense, not strong of 0.70. Colour of sapwoodis heartwood, white to grayish brown. Grain is

straight interlocking, very fine textured. Flowersare small, yellowish-green and appearedbetween February and April. The seed areflattened, joined and each seed has a thinpapery wing (double samara) and maturedbetween May and Novermber.

Uses: Fodder, agricultural implements, fueldand ornamental.

22 Acerpentapomicu

m JL Stewart

Maple Maple

23 Achilleasantolina L

Milfolii Bu-mardiranZawal

24 Achraszapota L

NestBerry

Checkoo

25 Achyranthesaspera L.

Thepricklychaff

Putkhanda

26 Aconitum

heterophyllum Wall

Pakistani

atees

Atis, patris

27 Aconitumnapellus L.

Monkshood

Mitha ZehrBish

28 Acontium Wolfs Mohri


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violaceumstapf

bane

29 Acoruscalamus L.

Sweetflag

Bach, kull

30 Adiantumcapillus-veneris L.

Themaidenhair fern

Parsia-o-Shan

31 Aeglemarmelos (L)Correa

Woodapple

Bail, Katori Origin:Native to the Sub-Himalayan tract

including Burma, Central and Southern India

and Nepal.

Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted in

Pakistan.

Description:A deciduous tree, 20-25 in height

and 3 4 in girth. The leaves are compound

are mostly trifoliate; with leaflets lance shaped,7 to 8 cm long. It is a very intolerant tree that

does not grow well in shade. It is cultivated on

a large variety of sites, but does best on sandy

loam soils. It is adopted to an elevation zone of

0 to 1200 mm with a precipitation range of 600

to 1000 mm/yr. It grows well within a

temperature range of 9 to 40c in dry, sub-

tropical climate. Very aggressive tree that will

grow wild. It coppices well. Gorw is slow. It is

reproduced easily both from seed and by

vegetative means. The wood is light yellow or

yellowish-grey, lustrous and strongly aromatic

when first exposed (Specific gravity is O.89;

air-dry weight 57 lb. per c.ft). The timber is

hard, strong and tough, but is not much used.


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The wood is suitable for making charcoal for

producer gas plants. The grain is closed,

aromatic. The greenish flower-white fragrant

flowers appear from May to July and the fruits

ripen by December.

Uses: Fodder, Food, small timbers, gummy

mucous substance surrounding the seeds,serves as a good adhesive. Mixed with lime, it

is utilized as cement and the mixtures sets firm

rapidly. The stem yields a good gum.

Medicinal value: The unripe or half-ripe fruit is

regarded as astringent, digestive and

stomachic. It is beneficial in cases of diarrhoea

and dysentery. The ripe fruit is sweet, aromatic

and cooling. It is generally used in the form of a

sherbet, or marmalade.

32 AeruatomentosaForssk

Woodyamaranths

Boh

33 Aesculusindica Colebr

Horse-chestnut

Bankhor Origin:Native.

Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.

Description:A The wood is suitable for making

charcoal for producer gas plants. The grain is

closed, aromatic. The Fllowers appear from

May to July and the fruits ripen by December.

Uses: Fodder.


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34 Agaveamericana L.HKF

Centuryplant

Bankevra/Kantal

35 Agavesisalanaperrine

Sisalhemp

Sisal hemp

36 Ailanthusaltissima(P.MillSingle)

Tree ofHeaven BahishtiDarkhat

37 AlbizziajulibrissinDurass

Silk tree Gulabi Siris

38 Albizzialebbek Benth

BlackSiris

Kala Siris Origin:Native to the Sub-Himalayan tract.

Suitability in Pakistan: It grows in a narrowbelt from Sialkot to Hazara, Bajaur, Buner and

Malakand. It has been planted throughout theplains of Sindh and Punjab.

Description:A fast growing deciduous tree 12to 30 m tall. A moderately intolerant, tree thatgrows on a variety of moist sites. It favors welldrained loamy soils, but will tolerate saline andsodic conditions (pH 8.7 to 9.4). It requires asummer precipitation zone of 400 to 1000mm/yr. It prefers a sub-humid, cool, warm, sub-tropical and tropical climate with a temperature

range of 4 to 40 C and an elevation range of 0to 1600 m. Several fungus diseases attack theleaves and pods of this tree. Indarbelaquadrinotata, a bark beetle, is a serious threatto plantations and roadside plantings. Grazingcan be a problem with this tree. Seedlings aresusceptible to frost damage. Reproduced both


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from seed and by vegetative means. Relativelyfast growing. Yields of 5 m/ha/yr, dependingon the site, have been recorded over rotationsof 10 to 15 years. The grain is figured,attractive, interlocked, texture medium tocoarse. The color is sapwood is yellowish-white, heartwood is dark grayish-brown turningto rich dark brown on exposure. The specificgravity between 0.55 and 0.64, and a calorificvalue of 5100 kcal/kg. The wood is very strong,resilient. The flowers are yellow or greenish-white appear in April and May.

Uses: Fodder, fuel, land stabilization, nitrogenfixing, poles agricultural implements, shade andapiculture.

39 Albizziaprocera

Benth

WhiteSiris

Sufaid Siris Origin: Native to Central and Southern India,Bangladesh and Burma.

Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it has beenplanted in the Punjab, Sindh and NWFP.

Description:A fast growing deciduous tree 12to 30 m tall. An intolerant tree that grows on avariety of moist sites. It does well in low lying,moist savannas and tolerates saline and sodicconditions. It requires a summer precipitationzone of 500 to 1000 mm/yr. It prefers a sub-humid, warm, sub-tropical climate with a

temperature range of 1 to 45 C and anelevation range of 0 to 1200 m. Grazing can bea problem with this tree. Seedlings aresusceptible to frost damage. In Pakistan it hasno known pests or diseases. Reproduced bothfrom seed and by vegetative means. Yields of10 m/ha/yr, depending on the site, have been


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recorded for rotations of 30 years. Growth inirrigated plantations has been excellent. Thegrain is figured, coarse. The color of sapwoodis whitish, heartwood is brown with streaks ofdarker and lighter. The specific gravity of 0.69and a calorific value of 4800 kcal/kg. The woodis very strong, resilient. The fragrant flowersare yellow or greenish-yellow appear in Juneand August.

Uses: Fodder, fuel, land stabilization, nitrogenfixing, poles agricultural implements, shadefurniture, tannin and apiculture.

40 Aleuritesfordii Hemsi

JapaneseTung

Japanesetung

41 Alhagi

camelorumFisch

Camel

Thorn

Kandera

Jawain

42 Allium cepaL.

Onion Piaz

43 Alliumsativum L

Garlic Thoom/Lahsan

44 Aloe vera L. IndianAloe

Kunwar-gandal


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45 Alstoniascholaris (L)RD Br.

Ditabark/Devil tree

Shaitan tree Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it isplanted extensively in the Punjab as an avenuetree in gardens. It is common in Lahore andKharian Cantonment.

Description: A large evergreen tree. Anintolerant tree that does not do well in shade. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 600 to 1000mm/yr. It prefers a semi-arid, hot sub-tropicalclimate with a temperature range of 4 to 42 Cat an elevation below 1000 m. It has no knowninsects or disease problems. Reproduced fromseed. Growth is slow, with an annual diametergrowth of 15 cm. The grain is close The color isgrayish white, creamy. The wood is hard, brittle

& heavy. Flowers are green to white.

Uses: Ornamental tree.

46 Althaearosea Cav.

Hollyhock/MarchMallow

Gul-e-Khaira/Resha Khatmi

47 Amaranthusvindis L

Amaranthus

Chalulais

48 AmomumsubulatumRoxb

Largecardamom

Barri Elaichi

49 Amorphafruitcosa L

Thebastardindigo

Amorpha


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50 Anacardiumoccidentale L

Cashewnut

Kaju Origin: Native to tropical America, from Mexico& West Indies to Brazail and Peru and grownall over the tropics.Suitibility in Pakistan: it grown along thecoasts and in the interior dry and semi-aridparts of South India.

Description: A medium size, spreading,

evergreen and much branched tree growing toa height of up to 12 m and grown on widerange of climatic and soil conditions; altitudesfrom sea level to 1000 m, annual rainfall 500-3500 mm and hardy and drought resistantplant. Wood is dark grey to reddish brown andweighs about 450 kg/m3.Flowers occur in dryseason. Natural regeneration occurs throughseed, coppice and root suckers & often grownmixed with mango or along the boundary ofmango gardens.

Uses:Timber used furniture making, boatbuilding, packing cases and in the production ofcharcoal. Bark used in tanning. Juice turnsblack on exposure to air and provides anindelible ink. Fruit fully ripe, may be eaten raw,or preserved as jam or sweetmeat. The juice ismade into a beverage (Brazil cajuado) orfermented into a wine. Fruits or seeds of thecashew are consumed whole, roasted, shelled

and salted, in Madeira wine, or mixed inchocolates. Shelling the roasted fruits yieldsthe cashew nut of commerce. Seeds yieldabout 45% of pale yellow, bland, edible oil,resembling almond oil, used as a preservativeand water-proofing agent in insulatingvarnishes, in manufacture of typewriter rolls, in


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oil- and acid-proof cements and tiles, in brake-linings, as an excellent lubricant in magnetoarmatures in airplanes, and for termite proofingtimbers.Medicinal value:Stem exude a clear gum,Cashew gum, pharmaceuticals and assubstitute for gum arabic.

51 Ananascomosus L

Pineapple

Ananas

52 Andropogonischaemum L

Songorica Palwan

53 Anethumgraveolens L

Dill Seed Soya, Sowa

54 Angelicaglaucaedgew

Angelica Choura

55 AnogeissusPendula Doakara Dokara Origin: Native to tropical Africa, Asia, Burmaand Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated as anornamental tree in the gardens.

Description: A small gregarious tree with ashort crooked bole and slender droopingbranches. It is rarely more than 20 high and 23 in girth. It is essentially a tree of hot, dryregions. The timber is not durable. Inseasoning and working qualities, it resembles

the other species described. It is anexceptionally strong wood and is the thirdtoughest timber in the world. The wood is veryheavy and pale greenish grey in color (specificgravity is 0.96; air dry weight 62 lb. per cft).Fuel (cal. Val of moisture and ash-freeheartwood, 4839 cals). It is closely comparable


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to A. latifolia in structure, but with smaller morenumerous pores. Flowers appear in August-September.

Uses: Poles and rafters, making carts, toolhandles, toys, fuel.

56 Annonasquamosa L

Custardapple

Sharifa/Setaphal

57 Alpudamutica L.

Apluda Chhant

58 Arachishypogaea L

Ground/Pea-nut

Moong-Phali

59 AraucariacunninghamiiHawaii

HoopePine

Araucaria Origin: Native to South America. Introduced inthe Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated in Jinnah

Garden Lahore and Parks. Also grows incoastal scrub extending 100 miles inland.

Description: It is hardy, symmetrical and bearsa strikingly characteristic elegant habit. Thetree reaching 150 feet in height and 15 feet ingirth, branches in whorls. It carries ratherscanty leaves triangular in shape, very narrowand curved, crowded on the branchlets withoutstalks. Male catkins 2-3 inches long, .3 inchdiameter. It has a conical crown which

becomes flat-topped with age. Its timber is ofgreat commercial importance, strong anddurable. Bark is very dark-brown marked bytransverse wrinkles or fissures having theappearance of horizontal bands like hoops.

Uses: Timber of this species is useful for


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Cabinet work, joinery, general constructionwork and plywood manufacture. Also used asornamental tree.

60 Arecacatechu L.

Betel-nut Sopari

61 Arisaemawallichianum

Hook

Cobraplant

Sanp buti

62 AristidaadscensionisL.

Six weekstriple awn

Lappa,Lamba

63 AristidacyanathaNeez ex-Steud

Wildgrass

Ranjha

64 Aristidafuniculata

Trin & Tupr

Wildgrass

Lamb

65 Aristolochiagigas Lindi

Pelicanflower

Batakh-Phool

66 Artemisiamaritima L.

Santonica Jhau

67 Arundodonax L.

Reedgrass

Narri

68 Asparagus

adscendensRoxb

Wild

asparagus

Sugaid musli

69 AsparagusrecemosusWild

Asparagus

Shatavari,Shakakul

70 Atriplex Orache, Korake,


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hortensis L MountainSpinach

Suraka

71 AtropaacuminataRoyle

Belladonna, deadlynightshade

Bantamaku

72 Artorcarpus

integrifolea(Heterophyllum)

Kathal Jack fruit Origin: Native to Western Ghat, Sub-

Continent, Bengal, Burma, Malaya and Brazil &other tropical countries.

Suitibility in Pakistan: Cultivated in KarachiUniversity Campus.

Description: A large evergreen tropical fruittree with a dense crown reaching a height of 50feet or more. It is grown plentifully throughoutthe warmer parts of the country. For successfulcultivation is requires a moist tropical climate

and deep rich soil. Propagated through seed.The wood is yellow when freshly cut, butgradually turns light brown on exposure. It is ofmedium weight (36 lb. per c.ft) fairly strong (7580% of the strength of teak), durable and notattacked by fungi or white-ants. The calorificvalue of moisture-free heartwood is 5,369 cals.Or 9665 B. Th.U and its ash content is 2.4%.The wood is cheap & excellent quality.

Uses: Timber, suitable for general carpentry

work, plain furniture, brush backs, inlay work,musical instruments. Unripe jack fruit is alsoused as a vegetable or made into pickles, whilethe ripe one is eaten fresh or preserved insyrup.


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73 ArtorcarpusLakoocha

Dahawa/Barhal

Dahawa Origin: Native to Sub-Himalayan Tract, (upto4000), Kumaon eastwards to Assam,Southwards to Burma & Andaman.

Suitibility in Pakistan: Cultivated in thePunjab.

Description:A large and deciduous tree witha clear straight stem, generally 20-30 high andup to 8 in girth. It occurs in the Sub-HimalayanTract up to 4000 ft. The tree is also cultivatedfor its edible fruits. The wood is yellowish-brown when fresh, but turns dark-brown afterexposure. It is heavier than other Artocarpuswoods (40 lb. per c.ft). It is fairly strong, similarto teak in transverse strength and modulus ofelasticity. It is straight or interlocked grained,

very coarse and even-textured. It gets injuredby severe frost in Lahore.

Uses: Constructional work (Posts, beams,rafters and scantlings), medium weight furniture& for boat building. In Assam it is chewed as asubstitute for betel-nuts.

74 Avena fatuaL

Wildoats/Barley

Javi

75 Averrhoacarambola L Carambola Kamraj Origin: Native to Ceylon, the Moluccas,Bengal & Sub-Continent. The tree is essentiallytropical and prefers a warm moist cl imate.

Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan

Description: A small handsome evergreen


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tree 15-30 high. Grow faster and in rich loamsoil. The tree is essentially tropical and prefersa warm moist climate. The carambola tree isslow-growing, short-trunked with a muchbranched, bush rounded crown. Propagation isdone by seed, but budding and grafting arealso possible. The wood (weight 40 lb. per c.ft.)is white (turning reddish), close grained and

moderately hard. Slices cut in cross-sectionhave the form of a star. Flowers appear duringJune-September and fruits during September-October and December- January.

Uses: Construction building, furniture, Fruitsmake into stews, curries, puddings & tarts. Acidfruits are used for cleaning metal surfaces,especially for removing rust stains. The slightlyunripe fruits are made into jam, jellies, picklesand preserves. Flowers some time made in

preserves. Carambola crush can be arefreshing drink.

76 Avicenniamarina

The whitemangrove

Timur

77 Azadirachtaindica A.Juss

Margosatree Lilac

Nim Origin: Native to India, Pakistan, Nepal,Afghanistan, Burma, China and Sri Lanka.

Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in Sindh,Southern Punjab, and lower Balochistan.

Description: A medium to large, usuallyevergreen tree, 12 to 25 meter tall. Amoderately intolerant tree that withstands someshade at an early age. It grows on soils whichvary from rich loams to nutrient deficient siteswhich are not saline or waterlogged and wherethe water table is above 18 m. It requires


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precipitation zone of 300 to 1150 mm/yr andprefers on arid, hot tropical and sub-tropicalclimate with a temperature range of 1 to 45 C.It is frost hardy and grass competition willprevent its establishment. It coppice easily andhas few insect and disease problems.Reproduced from seed and by vegetativemeans. Growth rate is high. On rotations of 8

years yield of 5 to 18 m have been recorded.Coppice stands seem to grow faster thanseedling stands. The grain is even textured,interlocking, dull to somewhat lustrous. Thecolor is sapwood is grayish white, heartwood isred fading to reddish brown with age, darkeningon exposure. The specific gravity of 0.68 andcalorific value of 4990 kcal/kg. The wood isheavy, hard and resilient. Flowers are small,white and with the fragrance of honey, appearbetween March and April.

Uses: Furniture, fodder, wood carving, timber,agriculture implements and tannin. Oil (from theseed) is marketed as a pesticide, vermifugeand a contraceptive.

Medicinal value: Leaves as a febrifugeextracts as a cure of typhoid.

78 Bambusanana Roxb

Bamboo Nari Bans

79 Bambusastricta Roxb

Bamboo Bans

80 BambusavulgarisVittata

Goldenbamboo

SunehriBans


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81 Barringtoniaacutangula L

Kyeni SamundarPhal

Origin:Native to Tropical Africa, Formosa,Polynesia, Northern Australia, Bengal, Assamand Sub-Continent. Cultivated as ornamentaltree in the gardens of plains.

Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted in

Pakistan

Description: A genus of evergreen trees orshrubs, including some 45 species. The tree iscommon in Sub-Himalayan Tracts and prefermoist situations. The wood is pinkish to reddishgrey, sometimes nearly white towards theoutside of the log and heartwood is not distinct.The wood is soft moderately strong and fairlydurable. It seasons well but is liable to warp. Itis a light wood (specific gravity is 0.58; air-dry

weight 37 lb. per c.ft), easy to saw and work byhand, machine and finishing to a dull smoothsurface. The calorific value of moisture-freesapwood (ash, 2.95%) is 5078 cals. Flowersdeep pink and bloom in June.

Uses: Boat building and cabinet work. Itstender leaves are edible. The bark, root andseeds are reported to be employed as fishpoisons.

Medicinal value: The powdered seeds indoses of a few grains are given to children asan expectorant and emetic. The leaves androots are bitter tonics.

82 Bassialongifolia

Madhucalongifolia

Mohwa Origin: Native to India, Western Ghat, Burma


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& Sri Lanka.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted asan avenue tree in Pakistan.

Description: A large evergreen tree with adense spreading crown found in Sub-Continent. Bark is grey dark brown. Mahua is

ordinarily drought and frost hardy, but suffersunder severe conditions. It is a strong lightdemander. Natural reproduction takes place byseeds which germinate early in the rainyseason soon after falling. Artificial propagationmay be done by direct sowing or bytransplanting nursery raised seedlings. Freshseeds should be sown during July Augustand covered with soil. Fruits ripen in May June. The sapwood is reddish white tobrownish white; heartwood light to dark red or

reddish brown, dull. The wood is more or lessstraight or shallowly interlocked-grained,coarse, even textured, very strong, hard andheavy (specific gravity is 0.950.97; weight 6162 lb/cu.ft). The calorific value of sapwood is4890 4978 cal., 880 to 896 B.tu., heartwoodis 5005 5224 cal, 9010 9404 B.t.u. ItFlowers in dense clusters, pale yellow incolour.

Uses: Wood is used for building purposes as

beams, door, window frames and especiallyposts, carriages, furniture, turney, sportsgoods, musical instruments, oil and sugarpresses, ship building, boats, bridges, wellconstruction, agricultural implements, drums,carvings, railway sleepers, good fuelwood. It isvalued for seeds which yield fatty oil, known in

M h B tt M F t Ill


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commerce as Mahua Butter, Mowra Fat, IlleppeButter or Bassia Fat. The corollas of mahuaflowers, commonly called mahua flowers, areedible and form an article of diet in villages inseveral parts of India. Mahua timber is used forconstructional purposes. Oil is used mainly inthe manufacture of soaps. The oil is sometimesused as an adulterant for ghee, for this purpose

it is clarified with buttermilk. Refined oil used inthe manufacture of lubricating, greases andfatty alcohols. Mahua flowers are eaten raw orcooked; largely used in the preparation ofdistilled liquors, vinegar, feed for livestock.Mahua berries are eaten raw or cooked, eatenby cattle, sheep, goats, monkeys and parrots.

Medicinal value: Mahua oil has emollientproperties and is used in skin diseases,rheumatism and headache. It is laxative and

considered useful in habitual constipation, pilesand haemorrhoids; it is also used as an emetic.Flowers are used in cooling, tonic, bronchitis,coughs, colds & anti-bacterial activity.

83 BauhiniacandicansBenth

Bauhinia Bauhinia

84 BauhiniaPurpurea L

Purplebauhinia

GulabiKachnar

Origin: Native to Pakistan. This tree is foundin the Sub-Himalayan tracts.

Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted

throughout the hills and plains.

Description: An ornamental evergreen treewith pink flowers, bushy crown and short trunk.

An intolerant tree of the tropics and sub-tropicswithin a precipitation range of 1000 to 2160mm. It grows within a temperature range of -1

t 40C It i d ht i t t d t l t li ht


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to 40C. It is drought resistant and tolerate, lightfrost. It does best on well drained, sandy loamor loamy soils. There are minor problems withdefoliating insects. It can be regenerated byseed or vegetative methods. Although a smalltree it is relatively fast growing. The grains arestraight. The color is light brown. The wood issoft and light with a specific gravity of 0.57. The

wood is hard and strong. Flowers are pink, lilacto purple in color bloom between Septemberand November.

Uses: Erosion control, fodder, food (pickle andchutney), tannin, honey.

Medicinal value: Antidote for snake bite.

85 Bauhinia

retusa Roxb

Bauhinia Papar

86 BauhiniaVariegata L

Mountainebony/Camels foottree

Kachnar Origin: Native to Pakistan. This tree is foundin the Sub-Himalayan tracts.

Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be plantedthroughout the hills and plains.

Description: Bauhinia is a small deciduoustree useful mainly for fodder and firewood.Grow on a variety of sandy, loamy and gravellysoils; requires 500 mm annual rainfall to do

well. Drought hardy but somewhat frost-tender.It can be regenerated by seed or by vegetativemethods. An intolerant tree of the most sub-tropical temperate regions. It has a precipitationrange of 1000 to 2500 mm and a temperaturerange of -1 to 40C. It will tolerate light frost. Itdoes best on well drained, sandy loam or

loamy soils There are problems with


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loamy soils. There are problems withdefoliating insects. Although a small tree it isrelatively fast growing. Height growth of up to ameter a year and diameter of 15 Cm in 8 yearshave been observed. The grain is straight. Thecolor is grayish brown. The wood is moderatelyhard. The wood is strong and resilient. Flowersare large, pink to white, fragrant and bloom

between March and April.

Uses: Implements, tool handles, fodder, food(pickle and chutney), tannin, honey andornamental plantings.Medicinal value: Antidote for snake bite.

87 BenincasahispidaThunb

Ashgourd,WhitegourdMelon

Petha Kadu

88 Berberisbaluchistanica Ahrendt

Barberry Zaralg

89 Berseraserrata

Gunj/Najore

Gunj/ Najore Origin: Native to Mexico & Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.

Description: A medium sized deciduous treewith a spreading flat crown, bearing numerousreddish brown berries of the size of large peas.

Wood is hard and grows well on rocky soil.Plants are raised from seed. Also propagatedfrom cuttings. Fruit is drupe trigonous ripens inJuly August. Flowers white appear in April May.

90 Berberis Barberry Sumbal,

lyceum Kashmal


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lyceumRoyle

Kashmal,Zirishk

91 Bergeniacilliata sternb

Bergenia Zakhaam-hayat

92 Beta vulgaris

L

Sugar

beet

Chukander

93 Betula utilisD. Don

Birch Bhoj/Birch

94 BischofiajavanicaBlume

BishopWood

Underikhni Origin: Native to India and east to SouthChina.

Suitibility in Pakistan: it is planted in theplains and in gardens as avenues exist inIslamabad.

Description:A large, evergreen or deciduoustree 15 to 17 m tall, fast growing species with adiameter growth of 1.3 cm/yr and an standmoderate shade and mild frosts. Reproducedmainly from seed. The leaves are compoundoccurring. The bark is thick and dark grey. It isdioecious tree. It requires a precipitation zoneof 700 to 1500 mm/yr or more in a hot tropicalmonsoon climate with a temperature range of -5 to 40c at an elevations up to 1200 m. It

coppice well, hard as teak and is equal to it inshear strength. Wood is hard and strong. Thegrains are straight & interlocking. Color ofsapwood is light green to reddish brown,heartwood is red to dark reddish brown orchocolate brown. The specific gravity of wood

is 0 74 and a calorific value of 5300 kcal/kg


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is 0.74 and a calorific value of 5300 kcal/kg.Flowers occur in March.

Uses: Wood is of good quality and largely usedfor constructional purposes such as bridges,house posts, rafters, for making cheap pencils,fuel wood, furniture, sleepers, pilings andornamental.

95 BlumeabalsemiferaLinn.

Blumae Kokronda

96 BoenninghauseniaalbifloraHook

Flea Killer Pissu mar

97 Boerhaviadiffusa L

Hog-weed Biskhapra/itself

98 Bombaxceiba L

SilkCottontree

Simal

99 BroswelliapapyriferaDel.(Hochst)

Gumresin

Loban

100 Borassusflabellifer

Palmyrapalm

Fan-palm Origin: Native to tropical Africa


Description:A tall palm attains a height of 4060 ft (sometimes ever 100 ft) and a girth of 3 - 7. It bears a terminal crown of 30 40large fan-like leaves, 3-5 in width. It is found inmany of the comparatively dry parts of Sub-Continent, Burma and Ceylon and is common

along the coastal areas. The fruit is large and


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along the coastal areas. The fruit is large andfibrous. The plant develops from self-sownseed. The timber (average weight is 49-50 lb.per c.ft. Gamble 738) is able to bear aconsiderable amount of cross-strain and longpieces of varying width cut from the stem.Flowers dioecious, greenish appear inFebruary to March.

Uses: Stem of tree used in hut construction forrafters, pillars, posts, crude bridges. Leaves areextensively used for making fans, umbrellas,baskets, mats, thatching roofs. Brooms aremade from their stiff veins. Tree yields a blackgum. Fresh sap of these palms, called sweettoddy or nipa, contains about 12% of sucroseused as refreshing beverage.

101 Bougainvilleaglabra

Choisty

Glory ofgarden

Bouganvillia

102 Brachiariaramosa (L)Stapf.

Chamapothaval

Jhanda

103 Brassicacampestris L

Mustard/indianColza

Sarson

104 Brassicajuncea LCzern

IndianMustard

Rai

105 Brassicanapus L

Turnip/indian rape

Shalgham/Toria

106 Brassica Black Kali sarsoon

nigra (L) mustard


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g ( )

107 Brassicaoleracea varbotrytis L

Cauliflower

Phool-Gobhi

108 Brassicaoleracea varCapitata L

Cabbage Bhand Gobhi

109 Broussonetiapapyrifera L PaperMulberry Jangli Toot Origin: Native to Japan, South East Asia andChina.

Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it issuccessfully planted and established both inthe plains and hills.

Description: A medium, deciduous tree, 3 to12 m tall. A tolerant tree that does very well inshade. It grows on a variety of well drained,rich soils, but not grow well on poor sites. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 700 to 2000mm/yr or more. It prefers a sub-humid warm,sub-tropical monsoon climate with atemperature range of 0 to 40 C on elevationsup to 900 m. It coppices easily andaggressively occupies shady sites. It isrelatively insect and disease free. Reproducedboth from seed and by vegetative means. Itgrows very fast, 1 m a year in height growth isnot uncommon. Diameter of 15 cm has beenrecorded in a 5 year period. The grain is

straight. The color of sapwood is grayish white,heartwood is light brown. The calorific value is5100 Kcal/kg. The wood is light and brittle. Thereddish yellow male flowers and orange - redfemale flowers appear in March and August.

Uses: Fodder, bark (for pulp, tapa cloth)

erosion control, furniture, boxes and packing


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crates, sports equipment and veneer andplywood.

110 BryophyllumpinnatumLam

Sproutleaf plant

Pather-Chat

111 Buddleiaasiatica Lour

Buddleia Banna

112 BuniumpersicumBoiss

Blackcumin/Caraway

Kala Zira

113 ButeaFrondosa

Flame ofForest

Dhak Origin: Native to tropical areas of the sub-

continent.

Suitibility in Pakistan: Found in the plains andin the foothills of Jhelum valley and SialkotDistricts.

Description: A small or medium sizeddeciduous tree and commonly found in areasbelow 1200 meters. The tree grows best onblack loamy soils, but is well adapted to saline-alkali and waterlogged sites. It is frost hardyand has a temperature range of -4 to 49C. Itprefers moist sites with precipitation greaterthan 600 mm/yr. The wood is susceptible toboring insects. Reproduced from seed or byvegetative means. A moderately fast growingtree. Growth of 5 m in height and 20cm in

diameter have been recorded for an 8 yearperiod. The grain is soft and porous. The coloris dirty white. The specific gravity of 0.54 with acalorific value of 4900 kcal/kg. The wood is softand not durable. The flowers appear in Marchto April.

Uses: Erosion control, gum from the bark,


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fodder, fuel, host for the lac insect, fiber and anornamental tree.Medicinal value: Oil from seed asanathematic.

114 BuxuswallichianaBaill

The Boxwood tree

Shamshad

115 Caesalpiniabonducella L

Fever Nut KarbatmKatkanja

116 CaesalpiniapulcherrimaL

Peacockflower/Bird ofParadise

Chota Gul-Moher

117 Cajanuscajan L

Pigeonpea

Arhar

118 Calamus

erectusRoxb.

Rattan

cane

Rattan Cane

119 CalendulaofficinalisLinn

MerriGold

Ganda

120 CalligonumpolygonoidesL.

Calligonum

Phog

121 Callistemonviminalis/

lanceolatus(Sm) Sweet

BottleBrush

Bottle Brush Origin: Native to Australia.

Suitability in Pakistan: It has beensuccessfully planted on avenues and ingardens in Pakistan.

Description: A small evergreen tree withdropping branches. A highly prized ornamentalas it would grow where others do not. A very

intolerant tree that will not grow well in shade. Iti lti t d l i t f it d


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is cultivated on a large variety of sites and canwithstand periods of drought. It prefers a semi-humid warm hot, sub-tropical winter/monsoonclimate. It can survive some frost but growsbest below an elevation of 2200 m.Reproduced both from seed and by vegetativemeans. Diameter growth rate is slow, 0.4

cm/yr. The grain is spiral, very close grained,pores small, evenly distributed. The color isgray or red. The wood is heavy. The redflowers appear in MayJune.

Uses: Ornamental and honey production.

122 Calotropisprocera R.Br.

SwallowwartMudar

Aak

123 Camellia

thea Link

Tea Chaey

124 Canna indicaL.

IndianShot

Hakeek

125 Cannabissativa L

Hemp. Bhang

126 Capparisaphylla Roth

Leaflesscaper

Karir

127 Capparis

deciduasForsk

Capper Karir

128 Capparisspinosa L

Thornycaper

Kaluari

129 Capsicumfrutescens L

Chilli Lal Mirch,Shimal Mirch


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130 Carallumatuberculata JFac

Chonga Chonga

131 CardiospermumHalicacabumL

Baloon-vine

Hub-e-kulkul

132 Caricapapayaedward

Papaya,Papaw

Papita Origin: Native of tropical America.

Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated inPakistan.

Description:An herbaceous tree growing to aheight of 1025 ft. bearing a large crown. It isat present grown practically all over the tropicaland sub-tropical countries of the worldparticularly in Sub-Continent, Ceylon, Hawaii,Philippines, South Africa and Australia. Papaya

thrives best on well-drained fertile soils. It isgenerally propagated by seed. Vegetativepropagation by cuttings and grafting. Flowerswhitish, dioecious.

Uses: Fruit mostly used in dessert. Unripefruits are consumed as vegetable.

Medicinal value: Every part of the tree issaid to be of medicinal value. The ripe fruit isstomachic, digestive, carminative and diuretic.

Syrups and wines made from it are said to beexpectorant, sedative and tonic. Milky juice ofthe unripe fruits is anthelmintic, particularlyeffective in the expulsion of lumbrici. It is alsoused sometimes in cosmetic to remove frecklesand other blemishes from the skin. Green fruit

is mildly laxative and diuretic and possessesecbolic properties Many of the medicinal


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ecbolic properties. Many of the medicinalproperties attributed to different parts of papayaare ultimately traceable to enzyme papaindistributed throughout the plant, but mostlyconcentrated in the latex of the fruit. Digestsprotein is used in medicinally to aid digestion. Itfinds application in food, brewing, tanning and

wool industries.

133 Cassiacarymbosa

Origin: Native to tropical South America.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan. Also cultivated in Lahore

Description:A large shrubs. Flowers paleyellow.

134 Carissacarandas L.

Karaunda Karanda

135 Carthamustinctorius L.

Safflower Kusam,Kusumba

136 CarumcopticumLinn

BishopWood

Ajwain

137 Caryophyllusaromaticus L

Clove Long

138 Caroyta Mitis Fish tail

palm/Rabok

Fish tial palm Origin: Native to Indonesia, Surinam & Sub-

Continent.Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inthe plains and gardens.

Description: An elegant palm, 12 40 ft. highand 4 7 inches diam, contains stinging

crystals from oxalic acid in the pulp and shouldbe handled carefully; however the seed


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be handled carefully; however, the seedkernels are edible. Propagated through seedsand division of clumps. A very nice indoorplant, it tolerates heavy shade and light frosts.It does well in indoors containers.

Uses: Fiber obtained from the base of theleave is used for stuffing mattresses and usedas tinder. Kernel of the fruit is edible aftereliminating the fruit wall, which contains apoisonous principle; it is used as a masticatorywith betel. The scanty but strong wood is usedin Dutch. In West Indies for making spinningwheels and the pith is eaten by jungle tribes.Fresh juice of the fruit is irritating to the skin. Anornamental plant.

139 Casearia

tomentosaRoxb

Modi Chilla, Bheri Origin: Native to Sub Himalayan Tract


Description: A shrub or a small tree. Thewood is hard. Seed many embedded in a redpulp consisting of agglomerated arils. Flowersappear in March - May.

Uses: Wood for fuel, making combs & Teaboxes. Bark is used in tanning (tannin 11%) itimparts a dark color to leather.

Medicinal value: Used as an adulterant forKamila powder. It is bitter to taste and isapplied externally in dropsy. Fruit is diureticand used as fish poison.

140 Cassia Sanna Sanna Maki


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Medicinal value : Seed pod pulp as apurgative.


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purgative.143 Cassia

Glauca LamCassia Zard Phool

CassiaNodasa

Cassia Cassia Origin: Cultivated in Eastern Himalaya,Chittagong, Malayan, Penensula, Bomeo.


Pakistan.

Description:A deciduous tree. Planted as anornamental tree. Flowers appear in May-June.

144 CassiaOccidentalisL

CoffeeSanna

Chasku

145 CasuarinaequisetifoliaL

Beefwood tree

Casuarina

146 Cedrelaserrata Royle

The HillToon

Drawi

147 CedrelaToona Roxb.

Toon Tun Origin: This tree is native to the lowerHimalayas including Pakistan and Nepal.

Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in the plainseast of the Indus River. Has extensively beenplanted in Islamabad as avenue tree.

Description:A medium sized, deciduous tree,18 to 21 m tall. A moderate tolerant tree thatcan stand some shade at an early age;however it becomes more intolerant to shadewith age. It grows on a variety of well drainedsoils, in valleys and ravines. It requires aprecipitation zone of 1125 to 4000 mm/yr ormore. It prefers a sub-humid sub=tropical

climate with a temperature range of -5 to 40 C.It is not frost hardy as a seedling but older trees


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y gare quite frost hardy and it coppices easily. Theshoot borer Hypsipyla can be a seriousproblem. Reproduced both from seed and byvegetative means. Seed has a low percent ofviability and does not store well. The growthrates are high. Trees 14 m tall with a diameters

of 20 cm are grown in 16 years. The grain isstraight, somewhat uneven textured. The colorof sapwood is pinkish to grayish white.Heartwood is light red aging to reddish brown.The specific gravity of 0.57 and calorific valueof 5100 kcal/kg. The wood is light, moderatelyhard and resilient. Flowers are small, whiteappear in March to May.

Uses: Furniture, Fodder, Ornamental, timber,shade and construction.

Medicinal value: Bark for dysentery148 Cedrus

deodaraG.Don

Cedar Deodar

149 Celosaoristate L

Cookscomb

Kukur Phul

150 Celtisaustralis L/eriocarpa

Hackberry tree,NeetleWood

Batkarar Origin: Native to Pakistan, India and Nepal.

Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it is

common on both sides of the Indus. Natural

and cultivated stands and individuals are not

uncommon throughout central Pakistan. Very

common in Islamabad as avenue tree and can

be treated in Irrigated Plantations.

Description: A moderately fast growing,medium to large sized, deciduous tree. A


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gmoderately intolerant tree that will stand someshade. It grows on a variety of sites and soilsincluding both dry rocky site to swamps. It isadapted to a precipitation zone of 750 to 1225mm/yr. It has a temperature range of -20 to40C and is frost hardy. It prefers a sub-humid,

cool to semi-arid, warm sub-tropicalwinter/monsoon climate, usually at theelevations of 400 to 1800 m. It appears to bedisease and insect free. Reproduced fromcuttings, coppice and seed. Seeds have highviability. Diameter growth of 0.6 cm/yr has beenobserved. The grain is straight and uneventextured. The color is yellowish white to paleyellow with dark irregular streaks. The specificgravity of 0.60 and the strength of wood ishard, strong and elastic. The small, pale yellow

or greenish flowers may be perfect (bothsexes) or imperfect (one sex) on the same tree.They occur on the new shoots before the newleaves appear. Flowers appear betweenFebruary and May and its fruit maturesbetween April and September.

Uses: Making Tool handles, agricultureimplements, fodder and food (fruit).

151 Cenchrus

biflorus Roxb

Cenchrus

grass

Bhurt

152 Cenchrusciliaris L

Foxtail/Blue BufaloGrass

Anjan/Dhaman grass

153 Cenchrus Cenchrus Bara

penisetiformis Hochst

grass Dhaman,Sitti Grass


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154 Centaureabehen Lam.

WhiteBehenKnapweed

SufaidBhaman

155 Centaureamoschata L

Thebride/sweet sultan

Metha SultanMisala

156 Centellaasiatica L

Pennywort

Brahmiboti

157 Ceratoniasiliqua

Carobtree

Sada Sabaz

158 Cenops tagalperr

Cenops Kirriri

159 Cestrumdiumum L

King ofday

Din Ka Raja

160 Cestrumnoctumum L

Queen ofnight

Rat Ki Rani

161 Cheiranthuscheiri L

Wallflower

Cherri

162 Chenopodium album L

Whitegoosefoot

Bathoo

163 Chrysanthemym indicumLinn

Chrysanthemym

Gul-e-Daoudi

164 Chrysalidocarpuslutescens

Madagascar Palm

Areca Palm,Golden Canepalm

Origin: Native to Madagascar.


the gardens and plains.

Description: A golden cane palm which can


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Description: A golden cane palm which cangrow up to 20 ft (6 m) tall. It is very common intropical landscapes around the world and is themost popular 'house plant' palm. It is veryadaptable palm either indoors or out. Yellowflowers are borne in branches about 3 ft (1 m)long that emerge from the top of the stem.

Uses: An ornamental tree.

165 ChrysopogonaucheriBoiss

Lovethorn

Chorkanda

166 ChrysopogonserrulatusTrin

Grass Har, SabaMogra

167 Chukrasia

tabularis Adr

Chittogon

g wood

Lal devdari

168 Chorisainsigni

Buda Buda Origin: Native to Southern Brazil, Argentina.

Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan

Description: A deciduous tree, up to 60 feettall (18m), 30 feet bottle shaped trunk, up to 6feet in diameter (1.8 m); palmate leave.Propagation through seeds. White lily-likeflowers in the fall and winter, up to 2.4 inches in

dia or more. Pear shaped fruits containing asilky floss coming out of the seeds.

169 Cicerarietinum L

Gram Chana

170 Cichoruum Chocory Kasni


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170 Cichoruumintybus L

Chocory Kasni

171 Cinnamomum camphoraGrat

Camphortree

Kafoor Origin: Native to Japan, China, Formosa &Sub-Continent.

Suitibility in Pakistan: Cultivated in Hazara

Distt, Abbottabad, Lahore & Karachi gardensand all part of other countries with an annualrainfall of 40.

Description: A large handsome evergreentree either as an ornamental or as a source ofcamphor. Fruit is ripen in October. In its naturalhabitat it attains a height of 100 ft. and girth of6 8 ft. Camphor is formed in the oil cellsdistributed in all parts of the tree. It thrives bestat elevations of 4500 6000 ft. provided the

temperature does not fall below 15F. Forsuccessful cultivation its needed fertile, welldrained, full sun or light shade & sandy loamsites. Camphor plants can be raised from seed,layers, branch cuttings, root cuttings and rootsuckers. Propagation by seed is the normalpractice. It wood is yellowish brown in colorwith a strong persistent amphoraceous odour.It is moderately hard. It is too expensive for useas timber.

Uses: Timber, wood chips and camphor usedin the preparation of the expensive perfumes,sassafras and heliotropine. Volatile oil isdistillated from leaves and suitable for soapmaking.

Medicinal value: All parts of the tree containcamphor (used in medicines), which is obtainedby distillation of wood It is weak antiseptic In


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by distillation of wood. It is weak antiseptic. Insmall doses respiration is stimulated, the effectbeing most marked when respiration isdepressed by ether, morphine or similar drugs.Camphor is esteemed as an analeptic invarious cardiac depressions and has been

used in the treatment of myocardities. It has acalmative influence in hysteria andnervousness and is used in the treatment ofserious diarrhoea. The dosage is 2 5 grains.Camphor is extensively employed in externalapplications as a counter-irritant in thetreatment of muscular strains, rheumaticconditions and inflammations.

172 Cinnamomum tamalaHam.

Bay leaf Taiz paat

173 Cinnamomum tamalaHam.

Cinnamon Dal Chini

174 Citrulluscolocynthis L

Bitterapple

Tumba,Hantal

175 CitrullusfistulosusStocks

Citrullus Tenda

176 Citrullus

vulgaris Linn

Water-

melon

Tarbooz

177 CitrusaurantifoliaSwingle

Sour lime Kaghzinimbo

178 Citrus Orange Narangi

arantium L

179 Citrus Pummelo Chakotra


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grandis L

180 Citrus limettaRisso

Sweetlime

Meetha

181 Citrus limonBois

Citron Galgal

182 Citrusmedica Linn

Lime Khata

183 CitrusparadisiMacfad

Grap fruit Chakotra

184 Citrusreticulata L

Orange Sangtra/Kinno

185 Citrussinensis L

SweeOrange

Malta

186 ClematismontanaFreda

Clematis Her, DhararButi

187 Clerodendron inerme LGaerten

Hedgeplant

Karo

188 Clitoria

ternate L

Butterfly

pea

Nili

bel/Gokran

189 Cocosnucifera L

Coco-nut Narial

190 Coffea Coffee Coffee

arabica L Sanna

191 Colchicum Golden Suranjan-e-


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luteum Baker cyllyrium talkh

192 Colocasiaesculenta LSchott

CocoYam

Kachaloo

193 Colocasisindica LourKunth

Arum Arbi

194 Commiphoramukul (Hookex Stocks)

GuggulGum,Bdellium

Gugal

195 ConiummaculatumL.

Poisonhemiock

Zahar-e-Suqrat

196 Conocarpus

lanceolatusWild

Ethiopian

teak

Cono

197 Coryolvulusarvensis L.

Deersfoot, Bindweed

Karari, HiranKhuri

198 Coptis teetaWall.

Coptis Mohmera

199 CorchorusdepressusLinn.

MountainJute

Pahari-Patson

200 Cordia MyxaL

Sepistan Lasuri Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it occursin sub-Himalayan tract from Rawalpindi

eastward. It is also found in the salt Range.

Description:A medium sized deciduous tree.


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An intolerant tree that does not do well inshade. It grows on a variety of soils wheremoisture is available, in micro sites like nullas,gullies, pockets on hills where moisture willaccumulate, near waterways, and indepressions. It requires a precipitation zone of

300 to 600 mm/yr or more. It prefers a dry sub-tropical to a dry temperate climate with atemperature range of 2 to 42 C at elevationsup to 1500 m. It is frost and drought hardy. Ithas no known insects or disease problems ofsignificant importance. Reproduced from seed.It is a very fast growing tree. The grain isvariable, texture is fine to medium. The color isgrayish brown, reddish brown on exposure,luster variable. The calorific value of 4900kcal/kg. The wood is hard, moderately strong.The white, yellowish brown flowers appear inMarch to April.

Uses: Fuel, fruit, implements and erosioncontrol.

Medicinal value: Fruit for cough diseases ofthe chest.

201 Cordiaobliqua Wild

Sepistan Bara Lasurra As per above

202 Coriandrumsatigum L

Coriander Dhania

203 CoriarianepalensisWall

Blueberries

Balel

204 Contoneaster bacillarisWall

Cotoneaster

Luni


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205 CrataegusoxyacanthaL.

Crataegus

Gawalbudia

206 Crocussativus L.

Meadowcrocus

Zafran/Saffron

207 Crotolariaburhia Buch

Crotalaria Khipp

208 Crotolariajuncea L

Sunnhemp

San

209 Crotontigiium L

Jaipal Jafal

210 Cryptostegiagrandiflora

Roxb.

Madagascar

climber

Vilaitivascundi

211 Cucmisflexuosus L

Cucumis Tarbooz

212 Cucumismelo L

Melon Kharbooza

213 CucumismomordicaRoxb.

Wild/snapmelon

Phut

214 CucumisprophetarumL

Wuldcucumber

Chihbar

215 Cucumissativus L.

Cucumber

Khera

216 Cucumisutilissima L

Cylindrical ground

Kakrri

217 C bit P ki H l


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217 CucurbitamaximaDuch.

Pumpkin,Gourd,Wintersquash

HalvaKadu/Peetha

218 Cucurbitamoschata

Duch.

Sweetgourd

Halva Kadu

219 Cuminumcyminum L

Whitecumin

Sufaid Zera

220 Cupressusarizonia bull

Cupressus

Saru

221 Cupaniopsisanacardiodes

Sapindacea

Jahanvi Origin: Native to Australia, usually in thewarmer parts of the world.

Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated in Lahore.

Description: A medium size tree. The tree isplanted as an ornamental tree in garden.Flowers appear in April-May.

222 Cupressussempervirens L.

Graveyard orpyramidalcypress

Saru

223 Cupressustorulosa DDon.

Himalayan cypress

Devidiar,Deodar

224 CurcumaangustifoliaRoxb.

MangoGinger

Amba Haldi

225 Curcumadomestica L.

Tumeric Haldi

226 Cuscutareflexa Roxb.

Dodder Akasbel

227 Cymopsis Cluster Guwara


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227 Cymopsistetragonoloba L

Clusterbean

Guwara

228 Cycasrevoluta

Sagopalm,Cycos

Kangi Palm Origin: Native to Japan and China. Cultivatedin the Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: Commonly grown ingardens in the plains.

Description:A small evergreen trees with theappearance of palms. Trunk 6 feet high. Livingfossils.

Medicinal value: The plant is said to betonic, it promotes expectoration.

229 Cydoniavulgaris pers

Quince Behi-dana

230 Cymbopogoncitratus D.C.

LemmonGrass

LemonGrass

231 Cymbopogoncommutatussteud

Grass Sarggarh

232 Cymbopogondistans(Nees) JFWatson

Bru-Grass Bru-Grass

233 CymbopogonjawarancusaL

Commonscentedgrass

Khavi,Kathori

234 Cymbopogonmartinii

Palmarosa, Rusa

Rosha,Rauns

(Roxb) JFWatson

grass

235 Cynodon Lawn- Khabal/Chab


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dactylon (L)Pers

grass/Bermudagrass

er

236 Cyperusrotundus L

Cyperusgrass,Nutgram

Cyprus

237 Dactylocteniumaegyptium LWild

EgyptianFingergrass

Madhana

238 Dahliapinnata Cay

Gardendahlia

Dhalia

239 DalbergialatifoliaRoxb.

Blackwood shisham

KalaShisham

Origin: Native to the Sub-Continent along sub-Himalayan tract.

Suitability in Pakistan: It is successfully

planted in many areas of Pakistan, India andother parts of the world. It is common alongrivers banks and streams.

Description: A medium size to large,deciduous tree. It is one of the most importanttrees in Asia. It occurs in dry sub-tropical, drytemperate climate and does best on welldrained sandy to sandy loam soils but willtolerate saline soils. It has an elevation rangeof 900 to 1500 m if precipitation is between 300

to 2000 mm. It is frost hardy and has atemperature range of 0 to 50 C. A veryintolerant tree, susceptible to root diseases inirrigated plantations and attacks by a number ofleaf fungi. Young trees are heavily grazed andbrowsed. Reproduced both from seed or by

vegetative means. In Irrigated Plantationsgrowth of 11m in height and 20 cm in diameterhave been recorded during a 15 year period.MAI f 7 7 /h / i hi d 20


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MAI of 7.7. m/ha/yr is achieved over a 20 yearrotation. The grain is interlocked with a mediumto coarse texture. The color of sapwood whiteto pale brown. Heartwood is golden brown todark brown. The wood is heavy with a specificgravity of 0.85 and calorific value of 5000kcal/kg. The wood is hard, strong and resilient.Flowers occur in groups and are small, dullwhite to yellowish white to pinkish, appears inMarch - May.

Uses: Fodder, furniture, fuel and charcoal,railway carriages, sporting goods, farmimplements and shade.

Medicinal value: Roots and bark have somemedicinal.

240 Dalbergiasissoo Roxb

Sissoo/Rosewood

Shisham,Talhi

As per above.

241 DaphneoleoidesSchreb

Daphne Ratilal

242 Datura albaNees

Thorneapple

Dhatura

243 Datura metel

Auct.

Thorne

apple

Dhatura

244 Daucuscarota L

Carrot Gager

245 Debregeasiahypoleuca

Debregeasis

Sindwar

Hochst.

247


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250 Delphiniumajacis L

Larkspur Delphinium

251 Dendrochlamus strictusRoxb

MaleBamboo

Bans

252 Desmostachya biinnata L

Dog-grass

Dub grass

253 Delonix regia GulMohar,GoldMohar

Gul Mohar,Gold Mohar

Origin: Native to Malagasy and has beenplanted in Asia and Africa.

Suitability in Pakistan: It is commonlyplanted as ornamental tree in Karachi,Hyderabad and Lahore.

Description: A small to medium sized fast

growing tree that attains height of 12 to 15 mwith diameters of 30 to 35 cm. It is anintolerant, but is sensitive to frost especiallywhen young. Reproduced from seed. The treegrows on almost any well drained soil. Theseeds are large, yellowish and mottled. Thegrain is straight. The color is whitish gray. Thewood is durable. Flowers are 10 cm across,bright scarlet appear in May and June.

Uses: Ornamental and Shade tree.

254 DianthuscaryophyllusL

Pinkflower,carnation

Gul-e-Mushtari

255 Dichanthium Marvel Palwan

annulatumForsk

grass

256 Dichanthiumfoveolatum

Grass Ghandal


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foveolatumDelile

DioscoreadeltoideaWall

Wild yam Knis

257 Diospyrosembroyopteris

Gaub Gab Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted ingardens in the plains.

Description: A moderate size evergreen treewith short, straight often fluted trunk andspreading branches in shady wet places andnear streams. The tree is a shade bearer. Forartificial reproduction, fresh seeds are sown innursery beds, 4 inches apart, in lines 9 inchesapart. The beds are shaded and watered in dry

weather. Seedlings appear in 2-3 weeks andtransplanting is carried out during rainy season.Seedlings are sensitive to frost and drought.Dry situations exposed to the sun should beavoided and care should be taken whiletransplanting to see that the long taproot is notinjured. The wood of Gab persimmon is greyishin color, close-grained, moderately hard andheavy (weight 48 49 lb/cu.ft). It is sometimesemployed for building construction and in boat

making. Gives a dense shade but grows ratherslowly. Flowers appear in May June.

Uses: Building construction, boat making,Pulped fruit is used as a preservative for fishingnets and as glue for book binding; boiled with

or without powdered charcoal, caulking seamsor paving bottoms of boats.The leaves areused for wrapping bidis.


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Medicinal value: An infusion of the fruit isused as gargle in aphthae and sore throat. The

juice forms a useful application for wounds andulcers. The bark and oil extracted from theseeds is used for dysentery and diarrhea. The

ether extract of the fruits possesses anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli.

258 Diospyroskaki thunb.

Indianpersimmon tree

Amlok,Japani

Amlok

259 Diospyroslotus L.

Persimmon

Jangli Amlok

260 DiospyrosmelanoxylonRoxb.

IndianCigar Beri Pata

261 Dodonaeaviscose L.

Hopseedbush/Dodonaea

Sanatha

262 Dolichoslablab Lablabniger

Countrybean

Sem-phali

263 Echincochloacolona L.

Jungli rice Sawank/Sanwak

264 Ecliptaprostrata L

Eclipta Bhangra

265 Eheratiaserrata

BrownCeder

Puna

Roxb.

266 Ehretiaacuminata R.

Bualpetthin

Puna


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Br.

267 Ehretiaaspera Wild

Adak,Addula

Sakar

268 Ehretialaevis Roxb.

Koda,Chamror

Sakar,Chamror

269 Elaeagnushortensis/angustifola L.

RussianOlive

Roosi-Zaitoon

270 Elettariacardamomum L.

Cardamom

Choti-Elaichi

271 Eleusineflagellifera

Nees

Goosegrass

Chhimbar

272 EphedraintermediaSchrenk

Ephedra Asmania

273 EphedranebrodensisTineo

Ephedra Naree oman

274 Eragrostiscordifolia L

Japaneselove grass

Pachhar-Gah

275 Eragrostis

oliosa L.

Love

grass

Chota

Sanwak

276 EragrostistenellaL.

Goddergrass

Bhar Bhuri

277 EriobotrysJaponicaLindi

Loquat Lokat

278 Eriophorum Wriphoru Gorbaggar


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278 EriophorumcomosumWall

Wriphorum

Gorbaggar

279 Eruca sativeMill

BitterMustard

Tara mera

280 ErythrinasuberosaRoxb/blackei Hort

Coraltree/CoralFlower

Gule-e-Nishtar,Dauldhak

Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it isdistributed in the Punjab west of the Ravi River.

Description:A medium size tree, 12 to 15 m inheight. This intolerant tree grows on sandyloams soils in a moist sub-tropical climatewhere precipitation exceeds 800 mm/yr at anelevation up to 800 m. It has a temperaturerange of 2 to 40 C. Reproduced from seed or

by vegetative means. A fast growing tree thatattains diameters of one m in 40 years.Because of its fast growth and nitrogen fixingproperties it would be considered a good farmforestry tree. It is highly regarded as alandscape improvement tree. The grain ofwood is smooth, straight, soft and durable, butfibrous and tough. The color is light. The woodis light and has a calorific value of 4800Kcal/kg. The flowers appear in February, aredeep red.

Uses: Fuel, Nitrogen fixing, ornamental.

Medicinal value: Bark as a febrifuge.281

282 Eucalyptuscamaldulensi

Red-gum Sufaida Origin: Native to Australia. Widely planted inarid areas throughout the world.


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s DehnhSuitability in Pakistan: It is successfullyplanted throughout the plains and in the hills.

Description: A large evergreen tree up to 40meter tall. A very intolerant tree that grows on avariety of soil. It does well pm saline, sodic andwaterlogged sites. It is adapted to precipitationzone of 200 to 1250 mm/yr or more. It prefers asemi-arid, warm hot, sub-tropicalwinter/monsoon rain climate with a temperaturerange of -5 to 40 C at elevations up to 1400m. It coppices well and can be grown in mixedstands. It is frost hardy and can tolerate hotdroughty conditions if irrigated or if there is ashallow water table. Young tree may be

attacked by termites, but with age it is pestfree. Reproduced both from seed and byvegetative means. It grows very fast. Heightgrowth rates of 0.3 m/month for young standshave been reported. MAI of 10 to 25 m/ha/yr isnot uncommon. It is an excellent farm forestrytree ideally suited for planting on saline, sodicand waterlogged farm sites. The grain istwisted and interlocked, medium coarse,uneven texture. The color of sapwood is lightgray, heartwood is reddish brown. The specific

gravity of 0.71 and a calorific value of 4900kcal/kg. The wood is hard, elastic and resilient.The flowers bloom usually between May andJune.

Uses: Fuel, carriages, charcoal, furniture,

leaves oil used as repellant, shelterbelt,apiculture, pulp and fiber board.

283 Eucalyptuscitriodora

Lemonscented

Lachi Origin: Native to Australia. It is widely plantedin arid areas throughout the world.


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Hook gumSuitability in Pakistan: It is successfullyplanted throughout the plains and in the hills.

Description: A large evergreen tree up to 40

meter tall. A very intolerant tree that grows on avariety of soil including poor gravely soils aslong as they are well drained. It is adapted toprecipitation zone of 600 to 900 mm/yr or more,but can tolerate a dry seasons of 5 to 6months. It prefers a semi-arid, warm hot, sub-tropical winter/monsoon, climate with atemperature range of -5 to 40 C at elevationsup to 2000 m. It can withstand a light frost, itcoppices easily and can be grown in mixedstands. Young tree may be attacked by

termites, but with age it is pest free.Reproduced both from seed and by vegetativemeans. It grows very fast. Height growth ratesof 0.3 m/month for young stands have beenreported. MAI of 10 to 15 m/ha/yr on an 8 yearrotation has also been recorded. It is anexcellent farm forestry tree. The grain is twistedand interlocked, medium coarse, uneventexture. The color of sapwood is light gray,heartwood is reddish brown. The specificgravity of 0.78 and a calorific value of 4800

kcal/kg. The wood is hard, elastic and resilient.The flowers usually bloom between Februaryand March.

Uses: Fuel, Charcoal, Furniture, perfume(leaves), shelterbelt, apiculture, pulp, fiber

board and tool handles.

284 EucalyptustereticomisSm

Red gum Lachi As per above


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Sm.

285 Eucalyptustorelliana F.Muell

Red-gum Lachi As per above

286 Eugenia

jambolanaLam

Black

berry

Jaman

287 Eulaliopsisbinata Retz.

Grass Bhabbar

288 EuonymusjaponicusThunb

Sindleshrub

Tuli

289 Euphorbiahirta L.

Spurge,Euphobia

Dodhak

290 Euphoribiacotinifolia Carribbean copperplant

Red Jahuri Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.

Description: This is a woody plant with redwine colored leaves and not a succulent asmost euphorbs. An ornamental tree.

291 EuphorbiaryleanaBoiss

TriangularSpurge

Danda-thor

292 Fagoniabruguieri

Fagonia Damahan

293 Fagoniacritica Deepa

Pricklyclover

Dammasa

294 Fagopyrumesculentum

Buckwheat

Baru

L.

295 FerulafoetidaBunge

Asafoetida

Hing


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Bunge

296 Ficus caricaL.

Fig. Injeer

297 FicusbengalensisLinn

Banyan Bargard tree Origin: Native to Sub-Himalayan region andSub-Continent.

Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated ingardens and roadsides for shade.

Description:A very large tree with spreadingbranches attaining a height of 100 feet, aerialroots many, some developing into accessorytrunks. It develops from seeds dropped by birdson old walls or on other trees. Easilypropagated from cuttings. It is hardy anddrought-resistant, it withstands mild frost. The

wood (weight 36 lb/cu. feet) is grey or grayishwhite and moderately hard. It is not consideredto be of much value as timber. Flowers appearin February-March.

Uses: Wood of aerial roots is stronger andmore elastic and used for tent, poles, cartyokes, banghy poles, carrying shafts. Alsodurable under water and used for well curbs

Medicinal value: Various parts of the plant

are considered medicinal. The milky juice isexternally applied for pains and bruises and asan anodyne in rheumatism and lumbago. It isalso used as a remedy for toothache. Leavesare heated and applied as poultice toabcesses. Bark is astringent and used in

dysentery, diarrhoea and diabetes. An infusionof the young buds is useful in diarrhoea anddysentery. Seeds are considered cooling andtonic. Young tips of hanging roots are given forobstinate vomiting


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obstinate vomiting.

298 FicuselasticaRoxb.

IndianRubber

Rubber tree Origin: Native to Sub-Himalayas, NepalEastwards to Assam, Khasi hills and Burmaascending to 3,000 ft, sometimes to 5,000 ft.

Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated as anornamental tree in the Plains.

Description:A large handsome evergreen treewith a dense crown of dark green foliage andspreading branches, attaining height up to 120feet when full grown; aerial roots numerous.Tree known as a shade tree. Propagated eitherby seeds or by cuttings and layers. Propagationby transplanting nursery raised, seedlings are

preferred as plants so grown are found to bemore hardy and to produce aerial rootsprolifically. Bark is grayish or reddish brown,fairly smooth. Fruits are greenish yellow to redwhen ripe. The tree is the most importantindigenous rubber tree of India. It

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