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Transcript of Forensic Science - National Institutes of Health science... · those criminal and civil laws that...
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Forensic Forensic ScienceScienceDistance Learning PresentationDistance Learning Presentation
For For King Drew Magnet High School of Medicine and ScienceKing Drew Magnet High School of Medicine and Science
March 14, 2007March 14, 2007
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Dorothy HarrisDorothy HarrisForensic Course Developer Forensic Course Developer
Science Teacher and Department ChairmanScience Teacher and Department ChairmanQuince Orchard High SchoolQuince Orchard High SchoolGaithersburg, MarylandGaithersburg, Maryland
EE--Mail Mail
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Agenda Agenda
Presentation in 3 partsPresentation in 3 parts
1. Overview of Forensic Science and how it is 1. Overview of Forensic Science and how it is being taught in the high schoolbeing taught in the high school
2. Forensic Anthropology2. Forensic Anthropology3. Forensic 3. Forensic OdontologyOdontology
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OutcomesOutcomesPart 1Part 1
Participants will:Participants will:Define forensic science and the role of the forensic Define forensic science and the role of the forensic scientistscientistName various services provided by crime labs.Name various services provided by crime labs.Review an overview of the syllabus for a forensic Review an overview of the syllabus for a forensic
science class in Montgomery Countyscience class in Montgomery CountyObserve student artifactsObserve student artifacts
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Forensic Science Forensic Science -- is the is the application of various sciences to application of various sciences to those criminal and civil laws that those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice systemin a criminal justice system
EU # 1EU # 1
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Role of the Forensic ScientistRole of the Forensic Scientist
Analyze physical evidence and to provide Analyze physical evidence and to provide expert witness testimonyexpert witness testimony
Know the laws that decide admissibility of Know the laws that decide admissibility of scientific evidencescientific evidence
Cannot give 100% correct answer, only an opinion Cannot give 100% correct answer, only an opinion based on reasonable scientific certainty based on based on reasonable scientific certainty based on training and experiencetraining and experience
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Early Forensic ScientistsEarly Forensic ScientistsAlbert S. Osborn• Developed fundamental principles of document examination• Responsible for acceptance of documents as scientific evidence
Hans Gross• First work to describe application of scientific disciplines to
criminal investigation
Edmund Locard• Locard’s Exchange Principle: trace evidence is
transferred when people come in contact
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Early Forensic ScientistsEarly Forensic Scientists
Francis Galton• Formed the basis of today’s fingerprint identification
Leone Lattes• Recognized that blood can be grouped anddevised procedure for determining blood type
Calvin Goddard• Established the comparison microscope as the
tool for firearms comparison
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Early Forensic ScientistsEarly Forensic ScientistsMathieu Orfila• First paper on detection of
poisons• Father of toxicology
Alphonse Bertillon• First system of personal identification• Established anthropometry• Father of criminal identification
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U.S. Crime LabsU.S. Crime Labs
More than 300 public crime labs in the U.S.More than 300 public crime labs in the U.S.Why are there so many?Why are there so many?
Supreme Court decisions in 1960Supreme Court decisions in 1960’’s placed greater s placed greater emphasis on emphasis on scientifically evaluated evidencescientifically evaluated evidence
??
??
In 1923 the oldest crime lab was established In 1923 the oldest crime lab was established –– do do you know where?you know where?
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Some of the Provided Crime Some of the Provided Crime Laboratory ServicesLaboratory Services
Audio, Video, & Image Audio, Video, & Image AnalysisAnalysis
ChemistryChemistry
Combined DNA Index Combined DNA Index SystemSystem
Computer Analysis Computer Analysis and Responseand Response
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Services continuedServices continued……
DNA AnalysisDNA AnalysisEvidence ResponseEvidence ResponseExplosivesExplosivesFirearms & Firearms & ToolmarksToolmarks
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Services continuedServices continued……
Hazardous Hazardous Materials ResponseMaterials Response
Investigative and Investigative and ProsecutiveProsecutiveGraphicsGraphics
PhotographyPhotography
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Services continuedServices continued……
ResearchResearch
Ridge Pattern Ridge Pattern experts / Latent experts / Latent printsprints
ImpressionsImpressions
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Services continuedServices continued……
Questioned Questioned documents
Dan RatherDan Ratherdocuments
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Services Continued.Services Continued.
Structural DesignStructural Design
Trace EvidenceTrace Evidence
Scale models of Unabomber’s cabin used during trial
Scale models of Unabomber’s cabin used during trial
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Overlap is commonOverlap is common
Bloody shoeprints left on brick floor
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So what is forensic scienceSo what is forensic scienceclass all about?class all about?
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Goal/purposeGoal/purpose
In Forensic Science, students apply crossIn Forensic Science, students apply cross--disciplinary scientific knowledge and disciplinary scientific knowledge and techniques to investigate crime scenes, techniques to investigate crime scenes, evaluate various types of evidence, solve evaluate various types of evidence, solve scenarioscenario--based based ““crimes,crimes,”” while exploring while exploring career opportunities.career opportunities.
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ContentContentSocietySociety’’s trend has made the scientist, an active participant in s trend has made the scientist, an active participant in the crime laboratory, a useful part of the criminal justice the crime laboratory, a useful part of the criminal justice system. system.
Students are exposed to analysis involving human remains, Students are exposed to analysis involving human remains, glass and soils, trace evidence, firearms and tool marks, glass and soils, trace evidence, firearms and tool marks, documents, and entomological specimens. Cuttingdocuments, and entomological specimens. Cutting--edge edge biotechnological techniques are also explored. biotechnological techniques are also explored.
Writing and verbal communication skills are essential tools Writing and verbal communication skills are essential tools with which students both analyze and present their findings. with which students both analyze and present their findings.
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4 Main Categories4 Main Categories
Forensic Science and the LawForensic Science and the Law
Biological ScienceBiological Science
Chemical ScienceChemical Science
Physical SciencePhysical Science
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Semester 1Semester 11. Forensic Science and the Law1. Forensic Science and the Law
* Introduction to Forensic Science* Introduction to Forensic Science* Evidence Analysis* Evidence Analysis* Law* Law*Crime Scene*Crime SceneCareers in Forensic ScienceCareers in Forensic ScienceMass FatalitiesMass Fatalities
2. Biological Science 2. Biological Science -- Is it human?Is it human?*Anthropology*Anthropology*DNA*DNA*Hair*HairSerology and Blood PatternsSerology and Blood Patterns*Time of Death *Time of Death
a. Entomologya. Entomologyb. Pathologyb. Pathology
OdontologyOdontology
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Human HairHuman Hair
MongloidMongloid
NegroidNegroid
CaucasianCaucasian
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Human HairHuman Hair
MongloidMongloid
NegroidNegroid
CaucasianCaucasian
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Semester 2Semester 2
3.3. Chemical ScienceChemical Science*Fiber*FiberGlass, Soil, PaintGlass, Soil, PaintFireFireExplosivesExplosivesToxicologyToxicology
4. Physical Science4. Physical ScienceCriminal ProfilingCriminal Profiling*Fingerprint*FingerprintFirearms/BallisticsFirearms/BallisticsInternetInternetQuestioned DocumentsQuestioned DocumentsTool marks and ImpressionsTool marks and Impressions
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Nylon CarpetNylon Carpet
Different cross-sectional patterns can be patented
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A B
C
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concentric fractures from
secondary bullets terminate at
fractures from first bullet
radial cracks from first bullet
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With scientific knowledge, and critical thinking skills
acquired through forensic science;
students are poised to pursue further studies
in biology, chemistry,
physics, anatomy, anthropology, law, and medicine.
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Enduring UnderstandingsEnduring Understandings
Forensic Science is the application of various sciences to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system
Forensic Science is the application of Forensic Science is the application of various sciences to those criminal various sciences to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal by police agencies in a criminal justice systemjustice system
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..
Forensic evidence is evaluated using controlled scientific
techniques.
Various court cases throughout the years have set guidelines created specifically designed to set parameters around the type of evidence and
how it is collected, processed, tested and presented in a court of law.
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Forensic scientists come from many different fields of
specialization.
AnthropologistsAnthropologists OdontologistsOdontologists Ridge pattern specialistsRidge pattern specialistsEntomologistsEntomologists Footware/ToolmarkFootware/Toolmark XX--Ray specialistsRay specialistsToxicologistsToxicologists PathologistsPathologists Hair/Fiber Hair/Fiber SerologistsSerologists Biology Biology Glass and PaintGlass and PaintSoil/Glass/Paint Questioned Documents GeologistsSoil/Glass/Paint Questioned Documents GeologistsPhotographersPhotographers Computer specialists Explosives Computer specialists Explosives
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Forensic science begins at the crime scene.
First Responder First Responder -- Securing the Securing the scene scene
Scene documentation Scene documentation –– Crime Crime scene sketches, photographyscene sketches, photography
Collection of evidence Collection of evidence -- Chain of Chain of Custody begins Custody begins
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TVTV
Court TVCourt TVForensic FilesForensic FilesBody of EvidenceBody of EvidenceCold Case FilesCold Case Files
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Problems with CSI
Interrogation of witnesses done by police officersInterrogation of witnesses done by police officers
Lab turn around time is much longerLab turn around time is much longerJobs in a crime lab are divided into different disciplines. . .Jobs in a crime lab are divided into different disciplines. . .
not done by one person.not done by one person.Other issues. .Other issues. . ..
Photographing EvidencePhotographing EvidenceContaminationContamination
Using the same machine for various testsUsing the same machine for various tests
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OpportunitiesOpportunities
http://http://www.aafs.orgwww.aafs.org
Check out the site Check out the site –– lots of great information!lots of great information!
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Student ArtifactsStudent Artifacts
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Lets get jazzed
Lets get jazzed
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It is all about you, the active learnerIt is all about you, the active learner
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The game is afoot..The game is afoot..
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Crime SceneCrime Scene
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ImpressionsImpressions
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Is it human?Is it human?Is it human?
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Bite Marks OdontologyBite Marks Odontology
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Digital Bite Mark Analysis“Adobe Photoshop”
Digital Bite Mark Analysis“Adobe Photoshop”
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Tool MarksTool Marks
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DNA RecoveryDNA Recovery
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On–Line ActivitiesOnOn––Line ActivitiesLine Activities
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Blood and Blood Spatter
Blood and Blood and Blood SpatterBlood Spatter
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Simulated BloodSimulated BloodSimulated Blood
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FirearmsFirearmsFirearms
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ArsonArsonArson
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Short Mystery SolvingShort Mystery SolvingShort Mystery Solving
ProfilingProfiling
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Observation Skill Skits Observation Skill Skits Observation Skill Skits
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“No one person is smarter than the
team”
““No one person No one person is smarter than the is smarter than the
teamteam””
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Reading with a Purpose:Harris Pic List
Reading with a Purpose:Reading with a Purpose:Harris Harris PicPic ListList
Father of Forensics; Father of Forensics; Colin EvansColin EvansISBN # 0ISBN # 0--425425--210073210073
The Casebook of The Casebook of Forensic Detection; Forensic Detection; Colin EvansColin EvansSherlock Holmes; Sir Sherlock Holmes; Sir Author Conan DoyleAuthor Conan Doyle