Foreign Direct Investment as a Key Driver for Trade, Growth and Prosperity

7/30/2019 Foreign Direct Investment as a Key Driver for Trade, Growth and Prosperity

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Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnktes e Any Crgvnr hr Srecn,

Drhwtj ekc Prhspnrgty?Sjn Besn hr e MultgletnrelEdrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt

Dlhiel Ednkce Bhukbgl hk Dlhiel Srecn ekc FCG


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Puilgsjnc iy Thrlc Nbhkhmgb Fhrum,

Dnknve, Rwgtznrlekc, 9052

Kh pert h tjgs puilgbetghk mey in rnprhcubnc hrtreksmgttnc gk eky hrm hr iy eky mneks, gkblucgkdpjhthbhpygkd ekc rnbhrcgkd, hr iy eky gkhrmetghksthredn ekc rntrgnvel systnm+

Sjn vgnws nxprnssnc ern tjhsn h bnrtegk pertgbgpekts gktjn cgsbussghk, ekc ch kht knbnssergly rnnbt tjn vgnwsh ell pertgbgpekts hr h tjn Thrlc Nbhkhmgb Fhrum

YNF 9:0>59

Thrlc Nbhkhmgb Fhrum75-72 rhutn cn le BepgtnBJ-5992 Bhlhdky(Dnknve

Rwgtznrlekc

Snl+? !35 *0' 99 :67 5959Fex? !35 *0' 99 4:6 9433

bhktebt@wnhrum+hrdwww+wnhrum+hrd


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2Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr fhr Srecn, Drhwtj ekc Prhspnrgty? Sjn Besn fhr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt

Bhktnkts

3 Eiirnvgetghks

> Dlhiel Ednkce Bhukbgl hk Dlhiel Srecn ekc FCG? Lgst h Mnminrs

6 Nxnbutgvn Rummery

50 5 Gktrhcubtghk Ekeinl Dhkzlnz

55 9 Febts ekc Fgdurns Dery Blycn Juieunr ekc Pntnr Crepnr

52 2 Sjn Knw Ynlnvekbn h FCG? Sjn DVB Pnrspnbtgvn Ygbjerc Ielcwgk

53 3 Frhm Ynonbtghk th Jhpn? Cgnrnkt Pnrspnbtgvns hk FCG

53 3+5 Nmhtghkel Ynebtghks th FCG Rnlgke Oebashk ekc Onek-Pgnrrn Lnjmekk

5> 3+9 Tjy Bhuktrgns Rey Sjny Gmphsn Ierrgnrs th FCG Rusek Rbjwei

56 3+2 Tjy Bhuktrgns Bhkstregk FCG? Sjn Phlgtgbel Nbhkhmy h Esymmntry Whkd Tekd54 3+3 E Vgnw rhm Rui-Rejerek Ergbe? Frnsj Hpphrtukgtgns hr Gktndretghk Relgm Gsmegl

57 > Frhm Ierrgnrs th Febglgtetghk Gkbnktgvns? Cgnrnkt Cgsthrtghks h FCG

57 >+5 Ierrgnrs th FCG? E Bhrphretn Pnrspnbtgvn Aerek Ijetge

90 >+9 Febglgtethrs h FCG? Srecn Fgkekbn Bjrgsthpjnr Lhdek

95 >+2 Gkbnktgvns th Ettrebt FCG rg Cecusj

92 6 Sjn Burrnkt *Fredmnktnc' Dhvnrkekbn h FCG Rjnrry Rtnpjnkshk ekc rg Cecusj

92 6+5 Nhrts et tjn Multgletnrel Lnvnl

92 6+9 Pertgel Gkvnstmnkt Yulns et tjn Multgletnrel Lnvnl

93 6+2 Plurgletnrel Edrnnmnkts hk Gkvnstmnkt

93 6+3 Yndghkel Edrnnmnkts hk Gkvnstmnkt

9> 6+> Igletnrel Edrnnmnkts hk Gkvnstmnkts

9> 6+6 Tjnrn Ch Cnvnlhpgkd Bhuktrgns Fgt gk tjn Gkvnstmnkt Pgbturn8

9> 6+4 Bhsts Ergsgkd rhm tjn Petbjwhra Uuglt h Gkvnstmnkt Edrnnmnkts

96 4 E Jhlgstgb Epprhebj th tjn Knw SrecnFCG Ynelgty Ygbjerc Ielcwgk

97 : Shwercs Dlhiel Dhvnrkekbn h FCG8 Gssuns hk Dnttgkd th e Multgletnrel Epprhebj Pntnr Crepnr,

Inetrgz Lnybndug, Elnoekcrh Oere ekc Yhinrt Lewrnkbn

97 :+5 Tjy tjn Sgmn Gs Ygdjt hr ek MEG

20 :+9 Tjy ek MEG Rjhulc In gk tjn TSH

20 :+2 Gssuns gk Gkvnstmnkt Edrnnmnkts

25 :+3 Jhw th Pursun e Multgletnrel Epprhebj

29 Ekknx

22 Nkckhtns

23 Igilghdrepjy


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Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr fhr Srecn, Drhwtj ekc Prhspnrgty? Sjn Besn fhr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt3

EC Ektg-Cumpgkd

EPNB Esge Pebgfb Nbhkhmgb Bhhpnretghk

ERNEK Esshbgetghk h Rhutjnest Esgek Ketghks

IGSs Igletnrel Gkvnstmnkt Srnetgns

IYGBR Irezgl, Yussge, Gkcge, Bjgke ekc Rhutj Ergbe

BKHHB Bjgknsn Ketghkel Hsjhrn Hgl Bhmpeky

BRY Bhrphretn Rhbgel Ynsphksgiglgty

BVM Bhuktnrveglgkd Mnesurns

CGGMN Cnbleret ghk ekc Cnbgsghks hk Gktnrketghkel Gkvnstmnkt ekc Multgketghkel Nktnrprgsn

CPT Cuieg Phrts Thrlc

NPE Nbhkhmgb Pertknrsjgp Edrnnmnkt

N^ Nurhpnek kghk

FCG Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt

FSE Frnn Srecn Edrnnmnkt

DESR Dnknrel Edrnnmnkt hk Srecn gk Rnrvgbns

DCP Drhss Chmnstgb Prhcubt

DN Dnknrel NlnbtrgbDKP Drhss Ketghkel Prhcubt

DVB Dlhiel Velun Bjegks

GBB Gktnrketghkel Bjeminr h Bhmmnrbn

GBFB Gk Bhuktry, Fhr Bhuktry

GGE Gktnrketghkel Gkvnstmnkt Edrnnmnkt

GMF Gktnrketghkel Mhkntery Fukc

GPY Gktnllnbtuel Prhpnrty Ygdjts

LHB Lnttnr H Brncgt

MEG Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt

MFK Mhst Fevhurnc Ketghk

MKB Multgketghkel Bhrphretghk

KEFSE Khrtj Emnrgbe Frnn Srecn Edrnnmnkt

KDE Ketghkel Dhvnrkhrs EsshbgetghkHNBC Hrdekgsetghk hr Nbhkhmgb Bh-hpnretghk ekc Cnvnlhpmnkt

HPGB Hvnrsnes Prgvetn Gkvnstmnkt Bhrphretghk

P&H Pnkgksuler ekc Hrgnktel Rtnem Kevgdetghk Bhmpeky

Y&C Ynsnerbj ekc Cnvnlhpmnkt

YSE Yndghkel Srecn Edrnnmnkt

RBM Ruisgcgns ekc Bhuktnrveglgkd Mnesurns

RN_ Rpnbgel Nbhkhmgb _hkn

RMN Rmell ekc Mncgum Nktnrprgsns

RHN Rtetn Hwknc Nktnrprgsn

RPR Rekgtery ekc Pjythsekgtery Mnesurns

RTF Rhvnrngdk Tneltj Fukc

SEP Sreks-Etlektgb Pertknrsjgp

SIS Snbjkgbel Ierrgnrs th SrecnSPP Sreks-Pebgfb Pertknrsjgp

SYGMR Srecn-Ynletnc Gkvnstmnkt Mnesurns

SSGP Sreksetlektgb Srecn ekc Gkvnstmnkt Pertknrsjgp

^BP ^kghrm Busthms ekc Prebtgbn

^KBSEC ^kgtnc Ketghks Bhknrnkbn hk Srecn ekc Cnvnlhpmnkt

^R ^kgtnc Rtetns

TSH Thrlc Srecn Hrdekgzetghk

Eiirnvgetghks


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>Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr fhr Srecn, Drhwtj ekc Prhspnrgty? Sjn Besn fhr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt

Bjegr? Ekeinl Dhkzlnz, Mgkgstnr h Fhrngdk Srecn h Bhste Ygbe

Vgbn-Bjegr? Pntnr Crepnr, Rnkghr Ynsnerbj Fnllhw, Nbhkhmgb Cgplhmeby Prhdremmn,

Rhutj Ergbek Gkstgtutn h Gktnrketghkel Eegrs, Rhutj ErgbeBhukbgl Mekednr? Yhinrth Brhttg, Nbhkhmgst ekc Mekednr,Dlhiel Bhmpntgtgvnknss ekc Inkbjmeragkd Kntwhra, Thrlc Nbhkhmgb Fhrum

Fhrum Lnec? Merdernte Crznkgna Jekhuz, Cgrnbthr, Lnec Nbhkhmgst,Dlhiel Bhmpntgtgvnknss ekc Inkbjmeragkd Kntwhra, Thrlc Nbhkhmgb Fhrum

Mnminrs

Ygbjerc Ielcwgk, Prhnsshr h Gktnrketghkel Nbhkhmgbs,Drecuetn Gkstgtutn h Gktnrketghkel ekc Cnvnlhpmnkt Rtucgns, Rwgtznrlekc

Aerek Ijetge, Vgbn-Prnsgcnkt ekc Rnkghr Bhuksnl,Dlhiel Dhvnrkmnkt Eegrs ekc Phlgby, Dnknrel Nlnbtrgb, ^RE

^rg Cecusj, Rnkghr Esshbgetn ekc Cgrnbthr, Gktnrketghkel Nbhkhmgbs Prhdrem,Berkndgn Nkchwmnkt hr Gktnrketghkel Pnebn, ^RE

Dery B+ Juieunr, Rnkghr Fnllhw,Pntnrshk Gkstgtutn hr Gktnrketghkel Nbhkhmgbs, ^RE

Relgm Gsmegl, Drhup Bjegrmek ekc Bjgn Nxnbutgvn Hfbnr,Drhupn Rhbhte, Meurgtgus

Rnlgke Oebashk, Rpnbgel Ynprnsnktetgvn th tjn Thrlc Srecn Hrdekgzetghkekc tjn ^kgtnc Ketghks, Thrlc Ieka, Tesjgkdthk CB

Elnoekcrh Oere, Cnputy Cgrnbthr-Dnknrel,Thrlc Srecn Hrdekgzetghk, Dnknve

Yhinrt _+ Lewrnkbn, Elinrt L+ Tgllgems Prhnsshr h Srecn ekc Gkvnstmnkt,

Ohjk F+ Ankkncy Rbjhhl h Dhvnrkmnkt, Jerverc ^kgvnrsgty, ^REOnek-Pgnrrn Lnjmekk, Nmnrgtus Prhnsshr h Gktnrketghkel Phlgtgbel Nbhkhmy,GMC Iusgknss Rbjhhl, Leusekkn, Rwgtznrlekc

Inetrgz Lnybndug Derchqug, Rnkghr Fnllhw,Pertknr h REG Lew ekc Nbhkhmgbs, Mnxgbh Bgty, Mnxgbh

Relme Jerni, Bjgn Nxnbutgvn Hfbnr,Nbhkhmgb _hkns Thrlc, ^kgtnc Erei Nmgretns

Bjrgsthpjnr Lhdek, Bh-Fhukcnr ekc Bjgn Nxnbutgvn Hfbnr,Rgla Yhec Mgkgkd ekc Cnvnlhpmnkt, Bekece

Mergh Merbhkgkg, Mekedgkd Cgrnbthr,Snknh Rtretndy, Irezgl

Tek Mnkd, Cnek, Rbjhhl h Lew,Ingogkd Fhrngdk Rtucgns ^kgvnrsgty, Pnhplns Ynpuilgb h Bjgke

Rusek B+ Rbjwei, Prhnsshr h Puilgb Phlgby,^kgvnrsgty h Merylekc, ekc Rtretndgb Ecvgshr, Meynr Irhwk LLP ^RE

Rjnrry Rtnpjnkshk, Rnkghr Fnllhw,Gktnrketghkel Bnktrn hr Srecn ekc Rustegkeiln Cnvnlhpmnkt, Rwgtznrlekc

Dugllnrmh Vellns-Delms, Cgrnbthr, Gktnrketghkel Srecn gk Dhhcs,Rnrvgbns ekcBhmmhcgtgns Cgvgsghk, ^kgtnc Ketghks Bhknrnkbn hk Srecn ekc Cnvnlhpmnkt, Dnknve

Whkd Tekd, Cgrnbthr, Bnktnr hr Gktnrketghkel Phlgtgbel Nbhkhmy Ynsnerbj,Pnagkd ^kgvnrsgty, Pnhplns Ynpuilgb h Bjgke

Dlhiel Ednkce Bhukbgl hk Dlhiel Srecn ekc FCG?Lgst h Mnminrs


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Nxnbutgvn RummeryEkeinl Dhkzlnz

Sjn Thrlc Nbhkhmgb Fhrum Dlhiel Ednkce Bhukbgl hk DlhielSrecn ekc FCG bhkbnktretnc gts whra gk 9059-9052 hk FhrngdkCgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr hr Srecn, Drhwtj ekcPrhspnrgty? Sjn Besn hr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hkGkvnstmnkt+ Sjn Bhukbgl iuglt hk prghr whra th gcnktgy weys th

nkbhuredn mhrn hrngdk cgrnbt gkvnstmnkt *FCG' gk ihtjcnvnlhpnc ekc cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns es e mneks h nkjekbgkdprhspnrgty whrlcwgcn+

Sjn Bhukbgl rnebjnc twh megk bhkblusghks curgkd gtscgsbussghks? 5' cgnrnkt ierrgnrs ekc cgsthrtghks ernprnvnktgkd tjn rnelgzetghk h tjn ull phtnktgel h FCG ekc 9' tjnburrnkt redmnktnc dhvnrkekbn h FCG bhktrgiutns th tjnbhkusgkd lekcsbepn ebnc iy gkvnsthrs ekc dhvnrkmnkts+Bhukbgl Mnminrs jnkbn mean e strhkd besn hr kndhtgetgkd emultgletnrel edrnnmnkt hk gkvnstmnkt *MEG'+

Sjgs rnphrt means tjn Bhukbgls besn hr ek MEG+ Gt gs hrdekgzncgkth snvnk snbtghks, nebj h wjgbj wes cretnc iy e cg nrnktBhukbgl Mnminr+ Nebj snbtghk gs irgny summergznc inlhw+

Rnbtghk 9+ Febts ekc Fgdurns Dery Blycn Juieunr ekcPntnr Crepnr

FCG ekc gktnrketghkel trecn jevn drhwk sgdkgfbektly hvnr tjnpest twh cnbecns th inbhmn tjn twgk nkdgkns h whrlcprhspnrgty+ Gk tjn knw whrlc h dlhiel velun bjegks *DVBs',multgketghkel bhrphretghks *MKBs' ebbhukt hr shmn :0. hwhrlc nxphrts+ MKBs ukgqun akhw-jhw ebbhukts hr tjngrnxplhsghk hk tjn whrlc nbhkhmy ekc brnetns degks hr tjngr jhstekc jhmn bhuktrgns elgan+

Sjn hrgdgk ekc cnstgketghk h FCG hws jevn snnk rnmeraeilnbjekdns gk rnbnkt yners, subj es tjn gkbrnesgkd pertgbgpetghk h

nmnrdgkd bhuktrgns gk dlhiel FCG hws, mhst khteily gk tjn9000s+ Sjny khw ebbhukt hr mhrn tjek hkn-quertnr hhuthws ekc elmhst jel h gkhws+

Jhwnvnr, FCG ekc trecn jevn innk drhwgkd slhwly, gk pert cunth phlgby eglurns esshbgetnc wgtj hfbgel thlnrekbn h brnnpgkdprhtnbtghkgsm ekc kndlnbt h rnsj lginrelgzetghk+ Sh rnbhvnr rhmgts cnblgkn gk drhwtj, tjn whrlc nbhkhmy knncs e lerdn chsn hknw FCG th rnebj ^R# 2 trgllghk ekkuelly *eihut 3. h whrlcdrhss chmnstgb prhcubt, DCP'+

Rnbtghk 2+ Sjn Knw Ynlnvekbn h FCG? Sjn DVB Pnrspnbtgvn Ygbjerc Ielcwgk

Srecn gk mekuebturnc dhhcs gk thceys whrlc gs hrdekgzncerhukc bhmplnx gktnrketghkel supply bjegks tjet jevn brnetnc etgdjt supply-sgcn lgkaedn intwnnk trecn ekc FCG wjet jesinnk bellnc tjn trecngkvnstmnktsnrvgbns knxus+ Gk tjn 95stbnktury, trecn ekc FCG ern kngtjnr bhmplnmnkts khr suistgtutns tjny ern twh ebnts h e sgkdln nbhkhmgb ebtgvgty? gktnrketghkelprhcubtghk sjergkd+

Sjn lgkaedns intwnnk trecn ekc FCG ern strhkd, ekc verycnpnkcgkd hk wjntjnr FCG bek in betndhrgznc es merant-snnagkd, nfbgnkby-snnagkd, purn nxphrt plethrm, terg -oumpgkd essnmily hr purn rnshurbn-nxtrebtghk FCG+ Sjgsblessgfbetghk, gk turk, gs esshbgetnc wgtj cgnrnkt cnvnlhpmnktstretndgns pursunc iy bhuktrgns, gkblucgkd gmphrt suistgtutghk,hutwerc prhbnssgkd hr mhvgkd up tjn velun bjegkgkcustrgelgzetghk+

Rnbtghk 3+ Frhm Ynonbtghk th Jhpn? Cgnrnkt Pnrspnbtgvnshk FCG

3+5 Sjn Nmhtghkel Ynebtghk th FCG Rnlgke Oebashk ekcOnek-Pgnrrn Lnjmekk

Cnspgtn gts ukcemnktel cykemgb gk dlhiel nbhkhmgbs, FCG beklnec th strhkd ekc qugtn htnk nmhtghkel rnebtghks+Gcnhlhdgbel rneshks shmntgmns ukcnrlgn hpphsgtghk th FCG+ Gk tjnbesn h cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns, mnmhrgns h bhlhkgzetghk ekc tjnqunst hr nbhkhmgb gkcnpnkcnkbn unl tjnsn rnebtghks+ Gkcnvnlhpnc bhuktrgns, erdumnkts h ketghkel gktnrnsts hrstretndgbelly snksgtgvn gkcustrgns tnkc th prnvegl+ Sjnrn ernemhus besns h rnonbtghk h FCG gk meky bhuktrgns, rhm

Erdnktgke th Gkcge, ekc rhm Frekbn th tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns+

Sjn Pnhplns Ynpuilgb h Bjgke gs ek gktnrnstgkd besn+ GkwercFCG jes innk ek gmphrtekt bhmphknkt h gts nbhkhmgbmhcnrkgzetghk prhdremmn hr snvnrel cnbecns+ Gk rnbnkt yners,jhwnvnr, ettgtucns ekc phlgbgns thwercs FCG jevn bjekdncshmnwjet+ Emhkd igd nbhkhmgns, tjn mhst strgagkd nxbnptghkth tjn ketghkelgst trnkc gs tjn ^kgtnc Agkdchm+ Rmellnr, hutwerc-lhhagkd nbhkhmgns tnkc th in dnkugknly mhrn phsgtgvn thwercsFCG, rnelgzgkd tjn inknfts esshbgetnc wgtj gkuxns h bepgtel,tnbjkhlhdgns ekc saglls+

Sjn crgvnr h kndetgvn rnebtghks th FCG gs elsh shmntgmns rnletncth gts hrm, hr nxempln drnnkfnlc hr irhwkfnlc gkvnstmnkts,

merant(rnshurbn(nfbgnkby- snnagkd gkvnstmnkts, hr mnrdnrsekc ebqugsgtghks+


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3+9 Tjy Bhuktrgns Rey Sjny Gmphsn Ierrgnrs th FCG RusekRbjwei

Et tjn ketghkel phlgby lnvnl, e vergnty h cgnrnkt ebthrs mey inusnc th oustgy lgmgtgkd gkwerc FCG+ Sjnsn gkblucn hpphsgtghk rhm*hr hk injel h' chmnstgb bhmpntgthrs tjet ner hrngdkbhmpntgtghk, hr verghus ketghkelgstgb ekc phpulgst mhtgvetghks,subj es tjhsn esshbgetnc wgtj tjn ebqugsgtghk h ketghkel irekcshr ketghkel bjempghks hr tjn nxplhgtetghk h fkgtn rnshurbns+Cgsgkbnktgvns mey elsh gkblucn dhvnrkmnkts cnsgrn th nxtrebttjn mexgmum emhukt h inknft hr tjngr chmnstgbbhkstgtunkbgns+ Sjgs mhtgvetghk bek lnec th phlgbgns subj esrnstrgbtghks hk hrngdk nqugty pertgbgpetghk, cnmekcs hrtnbjkhlhdy treksnr, hrbnc lhbelgzetghk(mgkgmum chmnstgbbhktnkt hr velun-eccnc rnstrgbtghks+ Ketghkel snburgtyoustgfbetghks ekc rnstrgbtghks iesnc hk erdumnkts esshbgetncwgtj ebbnss th brgtgbel gkrestrubturn, snksgtgvn tnbjkhlhdgns hrnxbnssgvn rnlgekbn hk gmphrts hr ek gkcustrgel iesn ekcsnksgtgvn lhbetghks jevn elsh innk usnc+ Fgkelly, tjnrn gs tjnbetbj-ell betndhry tjet gkvhlvns tjn ner h lhsgkd bhktrhl th ekhutsgcn hrbn+

Phlgtgbel ekc dhvnrkmnkt ettgtucns tnkc th cgnr mhrn hkhutwerc FCG hws ebrhss bhuktrgns+ Rhmn ebtgvnly nkbhuredn gtes e vnjgbln hr nxphrts ekc dlhiel nxpeksghk1 htjnrs cnmhkgzngt es ek ebt h nxphrtgkd ohis+

3+2 Tjy Bhuktrgns Bhkstregk FCG? Sjn Phlgtgbel Nbhkhmy hEsymmntry Whkd Tekd

Shcey rnprnsnkts e knw nre h nbhkhmgb dlhielgzetghk, wgtj ergsgkd sgkdln dlhiel merant, tjn phlgtgbel hukcetghk h tjgs dlhielnbhkhmy gs stgll redmnktnc+ Gt gs stgll iesnc mhrn hk ketghkstetn-bnktrnc gktnrketghkel phlgtgbs tjek hk e whrlcdhvnrkmnkt+

Bhuktrgns ekc gkcustrgns inknft rhm trecn gk ek eishlutnsnksn, iut et tjn semn tgmn tjny bhmpntn hvnr tjn rnletgvn sgznh tjn degk+ Sjgs mgxnc pnrspnbtgvn h rnletgvn ekc eishlutn degkgs usnul gk ukcnrstekcgkd wjy bhuktrgns bhkstregk FCG+

Jgsthrgbelly, trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt jevn elweys innk gktnrtwgknc+Mhrn rnbnktly, gk tjn etnrmetj h tjn dlhiel fkekbgel brgsgs, hlcbhkbnrks eihut tjn lhss h bhktrhl hvnr FCG jevn rnvgvnc, mgxncwgtj knw sbnptgbgsm eihut tjn rgsn h stetn-hwknc nktnrprgsns*RHNs'+ Sjgs sjgt gs teagkd plebn gk tjn bhktnxt h e mhrnbhmplgbetnc dlhiel phlgtgbel nbhkhmy, tjn any nlnmnkts h wjgbjern tjn rgsn h nmnrdgkd nbhkhmgns ekc knw phwnr rgvelrgns,nspnbgelly intwnnk tjn kgtnc Rtetns ekc Bjgke+ Ihtj h tjnsnbhuktrgns jevn gmphsnc rnstrgbtghks hk tjn gkvnstmnkt h MKBsekc RHNs gk nebj htjnrs tnrrgthrgns, oustgygkd tjnm essenduercs h ketghkel snburgty ekc gkcgdnkhus gkkhvetghk+ Sjnrepgcly gkbrnesgkd gkvnstmnkt hws rhm Bjgke ekc htjnrnmnrdgkd nbhkhmgns gkth Ergbe jevn irhudjt eihut shmnbhkbnrks eihut tjn rnvgvel h sh-bellnc bhlhkgelgsm, tjhudjsystnmgb stucgns jevn rnutnc tjgs erdumnkt+

Gk tjgs knw phlgtgbel nbhkhmy bhktnxt, tjn inst wey th eccrnsstrecn ekc gkvnstmnkt bhkbnrks gs tjrhudj tjn kndhtgetghk h emultgletnrel remnwhra hk FCG wgtjgk tjn Thrlc SrecnHrdekgzetghk *TSH'+ Sjgs edrnnmnkt snnms mhrn nesgilnthcey, dgvnk tjn pertgbgpetghk h nmnrdgkd ekc cnvnlhpgkdnbhkhmgns gk gkwerc ekc hutwerc FCG hws, tjhudj gt bek hklyprhspnr g bhuktrgns nkjekbn tjngr ukcnrstekcgkd h nebj htjnrekc ern cntnrmgknc th bhmprhmgsn+

3+3 E Vgnw rhm Rui-Rejerek Ergbe? Frnsj Hpphrtukgtgns hrGktndretghk Relgm Gsmegl

FCG es e crgvnr h trecn ekc cnvnlhpmnkt jes drnet rnshkekbn gkErgbe+ Sjhudj mhcnst, FCG hws th Rui-Rejerek Ergbe jevngkbrnesnc hvnr tjn pest cnbecn, ekc meky bhrphretn ekcebecnmgb ekelysts jevn gcnktgfnc snvnrel Ergbek bhuktrgns esprhmgsgkd gkvnstmnkt cnstgketghks+ Febthrs bgtnc hr tjgshptgmgsm rnletn th repgc DCP drhwtj, mebrhnbhkhmgb rnsglgnkbncnmhkstretnc curgkd tjn rnbnkt fkekbgel brgsgs, yhukd ekcgkbrnesgkdly uriek phpuletghks, ekc tjn mhmnktum hrndulethry rnhrm gk meky bhuktrgns+

Edegkst tjgs iebadrhukc h irhecly nkbhuredgkd cykemgbs,tjnrn ern elsh gmphrtekt bjellnkdns th hvnrbhmn gk tjn rndghk+Sjnsn gkblucn phlgtgbel ekc mebrhnbhkhmgb gksteiglgty, kerrhwmerants, wnea rndghkel gktndretghk, ekc cgfbultgns gkvhlvnc gktjn treksgtghk ewey rhm tjn hbus hk keturel rnshurbns ekcnxtrebtgvn gkcustrgns+

FCG bek snrvn es e phtnkt thhl h nbhkhmgb cnvnlhpmnkt ekcphvnrty rncubtghk gk Rui-Rejerek Ergbe+ Sh rnep tjn inknfts hFCG, bhuktrgns must nsteilgsj prhcubtgvn merant-stetn rnletghks

tjet elgdk nbhkhmgb, shbgel ekc nkvgrhkmnktel hionbtgvns+ Sjgs gspertgbulerly gmphrtekt gk tjgs rndghk, es chmnstgb nkvgrhkmnktsern htnk bjerebtnrgznc iy wnea gkstgtutghks, shmn cndrnn hbhrruptghk ekc lgmgtnc ecmgkgstretgvn bepebgty+ Gt gs lganwgsngmphrtekt tjet bhmpekgns strnkdtjnk tjn shbgel ekcnkvgrhkmnktel gktndrgty h tjngr gkvnstmnkt ekc supply bjegkstretndgns, ekc tjet tjny updrecn th jgdjnr-velun ebtgvgtgns+

Rnbtghk >+ Frhm Ierrgnrs th Febglgtetghk Gkbnktgvns? CgnrnktCgsthrtghks h FCG

>+5 Ierrgnrs th FCG? E Bhrphretn Pnrspnbtgvn Aerek Ijetge

Gk thceys whrlc, wjnrn tjn prnveglgkd mhcnl h prhcubtghk gs gk

tjn whrlc, hr tjn whrlc, rulns dhvnrkgkd FCG jevn inbhmngkbrnesgkdly gmphrtekt ekc gkcnnc, gk shmn besns, pgvhtel gkcnbgcgkd wjnrn ekc jhw gkvnstmnkt hbburs+ Mhrnhvnr, tjn rulnsenbtgkd gkvnstmnkt jevn nnbtgvnly inbhmn tjn rulns hgktnrketghkel trecn+

Lnt th merant hrbns elhkn, hur ebthrs sjhulc prgkbgpelly sjepngkvnstmnkt cnbgsghks? sgzn h tjn merant, quelgty h tjn nkeilgkdpjysgbel gkrestrubturn, quelgty h tjn jumek gkrestrubturn, ekctjn rndulethry ekc lndel nkvgrhkmnkt+ Rgkbn tjn dlhiel fkekbgelbrgsgs, jhwnvnr, e kuminr h lews, phlgbgns ekc prebtgbns jevninnk put gk plebn th cgsthrt gkvnstmnkt cnbgsghks+ Sjngkvnstmnkt-cgsthrtgkd rulns ekc bhkcgtghks ell gkth sgxbetndhrgns? rulns hr prebtgbns tjet 5' bhkstregk FCG gk bnrtegk

snbthrs1 9' bhkstregk hws h bepgtel, tnbjkhlhdy, pnhpln hrhtjnr rnshurbns tjet ern knbnssery th nsteilgsj subbnssul FCGhpnretghks1 2' mean gkvnstmnkt bhkcgtghkel hk tnbjkhlhdytreksnr ekc tjn lgan1 3' mean ebbnss th lhbel merantsbhkcgtghkel hk lhbel bhktnkt rnqugrnmnkts hr tjn jhlcgkd h lhbelessnts gk bhuktry hr >' rnstrgbt tjn evegleiglgty h bnrtegk rewmetnrgels th lhbelly gkvnstnc bhmpekgns+ Sjn lest betndhrynkbhmpessns suisgcgns tjet snna th gkbnktgvgzn gkvnstmnkt+

Nhrts th eccrnss tjnsn ierrgnrs gk verghus weys, gkblucgkdtjrhudj cgelhdun, kndhtgetghks ekc nvnk TSH lgtgdetghk, jevnprhvnc lerdnly gknnbtgvn+ Blnerly, tjgs gssun cnmekcs emultgletnrel rnshlutghk, iut thceys dlhiel rulns ern gksufbgnkt,ekc prhvgcn hkly ukbnrtegk prhtnbtghk+


8/36

Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr fhr Srecn, Drhwtj ekc Prhspnrgty? Sjn Besn fhr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt:

>+9 Febglgtethrs h FCG? Srecn Fgkekbn Bjrgsthpjnr Lhdek

Ihtj trecn ekc FCG cnpnkc jnevgly hk trecn fkekbn+ Srecnfkekbn prhvgcns tjn cey-th-cey ukcgkd tjet supphrts FCGtreksebtghks+ Sjus tjn evegleiglgty ekc nnbtgvnknss h trecnfkekbn rnprnsnkts ek hpphrtukgty hr FCG1 gts eisnkbn gs ekgmphrtekt rgsa+

Sjrnn gssuns ern rnlnvekt wjnk nxemgkgkd trecn fkekbn+ Fgrst,

tjn sgzn h ekc bjekdns th tjgs merant must in trebanc gk emhrn jhlgstgb ekc systnmgb mekknr+ Rnbhkc, tjnrn gs e knnc thmhvn inyhkc tjn trecgtghkel lnttnr h brncgt th prhvgcn eltnrketnfkekbgkd mnbjekgsms, subj es tjn supply bjegk fkekbnshlutghks tjet ern inbhmgkd evegleiln+ Sjgrc, vgdglekbn must innxnrbgsnc es th tjn evegleiglgty h trecn fkekbn, wjgbj wessgdkgfbektly enbtnc iy tjn rnbnkt dlhiel fkekbgel brgsgs ekcmey in urtjnr enbtnc iy knw iekagkd rnduletghks+

>+2 Gkbnktgvns th Ettrebt FCG ^rg Cecusj

Bhuktrgns nkdedn gk e dlhiel bhmpntgtghk, nsteilgsj gkvnstmnktprhmhtghk ednkbgns ekc nkebt phlgbgns th gkbnktgvgzn FCG gkhrcnr th ettrebt tjn rgdjt agkc h FCG+ Gkbnktgvns mey in h efsbel hr fkekbgel keturn+ Eutjhrgtgns keturelly bhmpntn th ettrebtFCG tjet brnetns ohis ekc jnlps rnvgtelgzn tjn lhbel nbhkhmy, iutgkbnktgvns ch kht elweys subbnnc+ Mhkny spnkt hk gkbnktgvnsbek in westnc ekc, gk nxtrnmn besns, nvnk cred chwk tjn bgtyhr rndghk tjet bhurtnc e frm+

Gkvnstmnkt gkbnktgvns rnnbt e bhhrcgketghk eglurn emhkddhvnrkmnkts ekc ern, lgan mhst suisgcgns, gknfbgnkt+ Sjnycgsthrt merants, prhmhtn ukjneltjy bhmpntgtghk, ekc mey cgvnrtrnshurbns ekc ettnktghk ewey rhm tjn jerc cnbgsghks knncncth gmprhvn tjn iusgknss blgmetn ekc knbnssery gkvnstmnkts gkupdrecgkd saglls+ Gk nxtrnmn besns, tjny bek nkbhuredngkvnstmnkts tjet ern gkjnrnktly ukprhfteiln ekc ultgmetnlyuksustegkeiln+ Gk tjn lhkdnr ruk, cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns tjetinbhmn hvnr-rnlgekt hk gkbnktgvns th ettrebt FCG bek ecvnrsnlyenbt tjngr hwk cnvnlhpmnkt+

Nhrts th rnduletn gkbnktgvns gk tjn Nurhpnek ^kghk *N^', tjn^kgtnc Rtetns *^R', Bekece ekc Eustrelge jevn gk dnknrel jechkly pertgel ekc mhcnst subbnss+ Et tjn multgletnrel lnvnl, tjnTSH Edrnnmnkt hk Srecn-Ynletnc Gkvnstmnkt Mnesurns*SYGMR', tjn Edrnnmnkt hk Ruisgcgns ekc BhuktnrveglgkdMnesurns *RBM' ekc tjn Dnknrel Edrnnmnkt hk Srecn gkRnrvgbns *DESR' lgmgt tjn bhkcgtghks tjet bek in plebnc hkgkvnsthrs+ Sjn Edrnnmnkt hk RBM gs tjn mhst sgdkgfbekt htjnsn, es gt bhkbnrks cgsbgplgkgkd gkbnktgvns+ Rhmn igletnrel ekcrndghkel rnn trecn edrnnmnkts *FSEs' jevn gmphsnc strhkdnrcgsbgplgkns hk pnrhrmekbn rnqugrnmnkts+

Rnbtghk 6+ Sjn Burrnkt *Fredmnktnc' Dhvnrkekbn h FCG Rjnrry Rtnpjnkshk ekc ^rg Cecusj

Cnspgtn tjn gmphrtekbn h FCG, gts dhvnrkekbn gs redmnktnc+Sjnrn gs kh sgkdln, bhmprnjnksgvn multgletnrel trnety hrgkstgtutghk th hvnrsnn gkvnstmnkt ebtgvgty+ Prnvghus ettnmpts thirgkd FCG ukcnr multgletnrel purvgnw jevn eglnc+ Sjn rnsult gs ebhmplnx ekc bhkusgkd hvnrley h cgsbgplgkns et cgnrnkt lnvnls+

Et tjn multgletnrel lnvnl, tjnrn gs e petbjwhra h pertgel gkvnstmnktrulns wgtjgk tjn TSH rhm tjn ruduey Yhukc, gkblucgkd rulns gktjn Edrnnmnkts hk SYGMR ekc RBM, ekc tjn DESR+ Sjgsbhllnbtghk h rnduletghks gs gksufbgnkt th prhvgcn e bhjnrnkt ekcnnbtgvn rndulethry remnwhra hr FCG+ Et tjn plurgletnrel lnvnl,ihtj tjn Hrdekgsetghk hr Nbhkhmgb Bh-hpnretghk ekcCnvnlhpmnkt *HNBC' ekc tjn Esge Pebgfb NbhkhmgbBhhpnretghk *EPNB' hrum jevn crewk up edrnnmnkts hk

gkvnstmnkt th in hllhwnc iy tjngr Mnminrs, ngtjnr es ebhktrebtuel hilgdetghk hr es e dugcnlgkn hr inst prebtgbn+ SjnKhrtj Emnrgbek Frnn Srecn Edrnnmnkt *KEFSE' irhan knwdrhukc gk tjn kndhtgetghk h rndghkel rulns hk gkvnstmnkt, ekchtjnrs jevn hllhwnc+ Sjnrn ern khw 225 rnn trecn, nbhkhmgbpertknrsjgp hr rndghkel trecn edrnnmnkts *YSEs' wgtj gkvnstmnktprhvgsghks+ Kndhtgetghks h mnde-rndghkel trecn edrnnmnktshrnsnn tjn gkblusghk h gkvnstmnkt bjeptnrs+ Fgkelly, et tjnigletnrel lnvnl, tjnrn ern 9,:22 igletnrel gkvnstmnkt trnetgns *IGSs'1elmhst nvnry bhuktry gk tjn whrlc jes sgdknc hkn *hr snvnrel' htjnm+

Sjgs gkbrnesgkd bhmplnxgty rnqugrns gkvnsthrs ekc dhvnrkmnktsth try ekc nksurn bhksgstnkby intwnnk cgnrgkd snts h

hilgdetghks+ Hvnrleppgkd hilgdetghks ekc cgvnrdnktgktnrprntetghks bek nkdnkcnr bhsts gk tjn hrm h tgmn ekcgknfbgnkbgns, ekc mey ebglgtetn hrum sjhppgkd iy gkvnsthrs+

Rnbtghk 4+ E Jhlgstgb Epprhebj th tjn Knw SrecnFCGYnelgty Ygbjerc Ielcwgk

Dgvnk tjn bhmplnx ekc gktnrbhkknbtnc keturn h 95st-bnkturytrecn, tjn snt h phlgbgns ukcnrpgkkgkd gt must in e pebaedn+Ierrgnrs th eky pert h tjn trecngkvnstmnktsnrvgbnsgktnllnbtuel prhpnrty rgdjts *GPY' knxus inbhmn e ierrgnr th ellespnbts+ Ynbhdkgzgkd tjgs, meky ketghks jevn ukgletnrellynmirebnc bnrtegk hrms h trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt lginrelgzetghkekc lhbanc tjnm gk iy sgdkgkd cnnp YSEs ekc IGSs wgtj tjngr

megk FCG prhvgcnrs+

Dgvnk tjn leba h e bhjnrnkt multgletnrel remnwhra, escgsbussnc gk Rnbtghk 6, YSEs jevn bhmn th tjn hrnrhkt+ Shcey,YSEs ekc IGSR ern tjn cn ebth dhvnrkekbn ukcnrpgkkgkd tjnrndghkel supply bjegks gk Esge, Khrtj Emnrgbe ekc Nurhpn+ Sjncnnp YSEs sgdknc iy twh h tjn lerdnst pleynrs gk gktnrketghkelsupply bjegks tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns ekc Oepek gllustretn tjnshrts h prhvgsghks tjet frms lhha hr wjnk cnbgcgkd hk lhbetghk1jhst ketghks lhha th prhvgcn tjnsn bhkcgtghks th ettrebt FCG+Mhst ern cnnpnr vnrsghks h prhvgsghks elrnecy bhvnrnc iy tjnTSH, iut tjrnn inyhkc-TSH cgsbgplgkns ern gkblucnc gk ROepek YSEs? GPY, gkvnstmnkt prhtnbtghk ekc tjn rnn mhvnmnkth bepgtel+ Sjn ebts hr N^ YSEs ern mubj lnss blner prhieily

inbeusn mhst h Febthry Nurhpn gs gksgcn tjn N^s RgkdlnMerant ekc gs tjus elrnecy cgsbgplgknc+ Htjnr YSEs, insgcnstjhsn h tjn kgtnc Rtetns, Oepek ekc tjn N^, gkblucn vnry nwprhvgsghks inyhkc terg rncubtghks+

Eisnkt e multgletnrel nhrt th gktndretn tjnsn knw cgsbgplgkns gkthtjn TSH systnm, whrlc trecn dhvnrkekbn gs jnecnc hrredmnktetghk+ Rpnbgfbelly, supply-bjegk cgsbgplgkns snnm th inhk treba th jermhkgzetghk iy mnde-rndghkels ekc mnde-igletnrels+ Sjn prhilnm gs tjet, hk tjn burrnkt treonbthry,jermhkgzetghk wgll nxblucn Bjgke ekc htjnr lerdn nmnrdgkdnbhkhmgns+ Sjn multgletnrelgzetghk h supply-bjegk cgsbgplgknswhulc rncrnss tjgs sgtuetghk+ Gt mgdjt elsh mean tjn systnm mhrnnqugteiln iy 5' ihlstnrgkd tjn ierdegkgkd phwnr h cnvnlhpgkd

bhuktrgns vgs--vgs jgdj-tnbj frms ekc 9' ebglgtetgkd tjngktndretghk h mhrn cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns gkth gktnrketghkelsupply bjegks+


9/36


Rnbtghk :+ Shwercs Dlhiel Dhvnrkekbn h FCG8 Gssuns hkDnttgkd th e Multgletnrel Epprhebj Pntnr Crepnr, InetrgzLnybndug, Elnoekcrh Oere ekc Yhinrt Lewrnkbn

Sjn fkel snbtghk means tjn besn hr ek MEG+ Rgx rneshks ernstrnssnc+ Fgrst, tjn rgsn h DVBs sjerpnks tjn knnc hr dlhielekc jhlgstgb rnduletghks1 DVBs knnc dlhiel rulns+ Rnbhkc, tjnrngs e prhvnk eppntgtn hr gktnrketghkel gkvnstmnkt rnduletghk1ketghks ern vhtgkd wgtj tjngr pnks hr mhrn cgsbgplgkn sgdkgkdjukcrncs h IGSs ekc YSEs+ Iut tjn rnsult lebas bhjnrnkbn gktnrms h rulns ekc epplgbetghk+ Sjgrc, tjn Khrtj-Rhutj cgvgcn gscgseppnergkd hk tjn gkvnstmnkt-dhvnrkekbn gssun+ Nmnrdgkdmerants rhln gk FCG jes drhwk trnmnkchusly gk rnbnkt yners ihtj es jhmn ekc jhst ketghks+ Fhurtj, tjn stgdme tjet jesinnk jgsthrgbelly ettebjnc th FCG jes sjerply eietnc gk rnbnktyners+ Meky bhuktrgns ern pursugkd nbhkhmgb lginrelgzetghk hrtjn rnbhdkgznc inknfts gt irgkds+ Fg tj, ekc iy bhktrest, tjnredgln ekc slhw rnbhvnry h tjn whrlc nbhkhmy jes lnc shmnbhuktrgns th echpt prhtnbtghkgst mnesurns edegkst trecn ekcgkvnstmnkt+ Sjgs rndrnssghk jngdjtnks tjn knnc hr multgletnrelrulns+ Rgxtj, gkbrnesnc FCG iy RHNs ekc shvnrngdk wneltj ukcs*RTFs' prnsnkts knw bjellnkdns th nksurgkd tjet bhmpntgtghk

bhkcgtghks gk tjn dlhiel merantplebn rnmegk nqugteiln ekc chkht dgvn rgsn th ketghkel snburgty bhkbnrks+

G ek gktnrketghkel gkvnstmnkt edrnnmnkt *GGE' gs th nmnrdn gk tjnuturn, tjn TSH gs tjn lhdgbel jhmn hr gt+ Sjn TSH jes tjnphtnktgel th ygnlc mhrn nqugteiln hutbhmns ekc nksurn khk-cgsbrgmgketghk, ekc gt prhvgcns ebbnss th e cgsputn snttlnmnktmnbjekgsm tjet jes whranc wnll+ Sjgs GGE mey nktegl prhvgsghksgk cgnrnkt ernes, gkblucgkd tjn prhtnbtghk h gkvnsthrs,nsteilgsjgkd gkvnsthr-stetn cgsputn snttlnmnkt ekc suionbtgkd tjnedrnnmnkt th tjn TSH stetn-stetn systnm, ekc prhvgcgkdphst-nsteilgsjmnkt ketghkel trnetmnkt+ Prn-nsteilgsjmnkt hrebbnss prhvgsghks hk gkvnstmnkt ern elsh gmphrtekt, es ernkhtghks h bhrphretn shbgel rnsphksgiglgty+ Gk eky besn, tjnrn gs e

snksn tjet tjn ielekbn h rgdjts ekc hilgdetghks knncs th inrnvgsgtnc+

Sjn edrnnmnkt whulc in hpnk gk tjn uturn th ell TSHMnminrs, nvnk g tjny wnrn gkgtgelly ukwgllgkd th ohgk+ Sjhsn tjetch dh ejnec bhulc cnbgcn th ch sh hk e mhst evhurnc ketghk*MFK' iesgs, hk e bhkcgtghkel MFK iesgs, hr hk tjn iesgs h emgkgmum kuminr *hr brgtgbel mess' hr ull MFK gmplnmnktetghk+Kndhtgetghk h mnde-rndghkel edrnnmnkts bhulc gkspgrn uturnplurgletnrel ekc multgletnrel kndhtgetghks, ngtjnr wgtjgk hr hutsgcntjn TSH+ Hk tjn htjnr jekc, dlhiel supply bjegks whulcinbhmn bhksgcnreily mhrn nfbgnkt g dhvnrkmnkts pursunc ekgktnrketghkel supply bjegk edrnnmnkt ukcnr tjn euspgbns h tjnTSH, gkblucgkd gkvnstmnkt, snrvgbns, ihrcnr mekednmnkt

prhbncurns, stekcercs ekc tnbjkgbel rnduletghks, n-bhmmnrbnekc bhmpntgtghk phlgby+

Rgkbn tjnsn gssuns ern lganly th rnmegk bhktnktghus hr tjnhrnsnneiln uturn, TSH Mnminrs sjhulc bhksgcnr nsteilgsjgkde whragkd drhup hk gkvnstmnkt rnduletghks wgtj e vgnw th egrgkdtjn gssuns ekc phtnktgelly cnvnlhpgkd e whra prhdremmn+


10/36


5 GktrhcubtghkEkeinl Dhkzlnz

FCG gs e phwnrul gkstrumnkt hr drhwtj ekc cnvnlhpmnkt+ Gtsrnlnvekbn gs nkjekbnc thcey iy gts rhln es tjn brubgel nkdgkn htrecn, vge dlhiel velun bjegks, ekc iy tjn brgtgbel knnc th gkbrnesngkvnstmnkt hws th ihhst tjn dlhiel nbhkhmy, brnetn ohis, ekcprhmhtn akhwlncdn ekc prhcubtgvgty nkjekbnmnkts+

Tgtj tjgs gk mgkc, tjn Thrlc Nbhkhmgb Fhrum Dlhiel EdnkceBhukbgl hk Dlhiel Srecn FCG cnbgcnc th bhkbnktretn gts whra hkFhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr hr Srecn, Drhwtj ekcPrhspnrgty? Sjn Besn hr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt+Sjn Bhukbgl iuglt hk prghr whra th gcnktgy weys th nkbhurednmhrn FCG gk ihtj cnvnlhpnc ekc cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns es emneks h nkjekbgkd prhspnrgty whrlcwgcn+

Sjn Bhukbgl wgtj tjn bhktrgiutghk h ell Mnminrs rnebjnctwh megk bhkblusghks curgkd gts cgsbussghks? 5' cgnrnkt ierrgnrsekc cgsthrtghks ern prnvnktgkd tjn rnelgzetghk h tjn ull phtnktgelh FCG ekc 9' tjn burrnkt redmnktnc dhvnrkekbn h FCGbhktrgiutns th tjn bhkusgkd lekcsbepn ebnc iy gkvnsthrs ekcdhvnrkmnkts+

Bhukbgl Mnminrs jnkbn mean e strhkd besn hr kndhtgetgkd ekMEG+ Tjgln tjny ern mgkcul tjet tjgs jes innk trgnc gk tjn pestwgtjhut subbnss, Mnminrs ern bhkvgkbnc tjet bhkcgtghks jevnbjekdnc+ Sjn rgsn h nmnrdgkd nbhkhmgns ekc tjn sprnec hDVBs jevn ilurrnc tjn hlc Khrtj-Rhutj cnietns tjet chhmncprnvghus nhrts+ Shceys phlgtgbel, nbhkhmgb ekc tnbjkhlhdgbelbhkcgtghks jevn brnetnc tjn rgdjt bgrbumstekbns th pursun ekMEG+

Bhukbgl Mnminrs inlgnvn tjet ek MEG sjhulc in kndhtgetncukcnr tjn euspgbns h tjn TSH+ Rubj ek edrnnmnkt whulc ellhwell bhuktrgns th nxprnss tjngr vgnws ekc whulc jevn kner-ukgvnrsel bhvnredn+ Jhwnvnr, sgkbn tjgs gs e bhmplnx nkcnevhur,

tjn Bhukbgl prhphsns th elsh nxplhrn eltnrketgvn hrmets wgtjgktjn multgletnrel systnm+ Es e stert, Bhukbgl Mnminrsrnbhmmnkc tjet TSH Mnminrs nsteilgsj e whragkd drhup hkgkvnstmnkt rnduletghks, tjn dhel h wjgbj whulc in th gcnktgyekc blergy tjn any ebts, gssuns ekc nnbts+ Sjgs bhulcphtnktgelly lnec th tjn cnvnlhpmnkt h e whra prhdremmn+

Sh ebjgnvn tjgs hionbtgvn, tjgs bhmprnjnksgvn rnphrt eccrnssnse wgcn errey h rnlnvekt gssuns gk rnebjgkd ek MEG+ Gt jesinknftnc rhm tjn wrgttnk bhktrgiutghks h meky BhukbglMnminrs, th wjhm ell ern dretnul+ Sjekas dh th YgbjercIelcwgk hr rnvgnwgkd tjn pepnr ekc th Yhinrth Brhttg hr jgssupphrt th tjn drhup+ Es Bjegr h tjn Bhukbgl, G iner ullrnsphksgiglgty hr eky prhilnms gk ncgtgkd ekc bhmpglgkd tjnsn

bhktrgiutghks+

Sjgs rnphrt gs hrdekgznc gkth tjn hllhwgkd snvnk snbtghks?

- Gk Rnbtghk 9, Dery Blycn Juieunr ekc Pntnr Crepnr prnsnkttjn mhst selgnkt ebts ekc fdurns hk FCG+ Sjny jgdjlgdjt gtsgmphrtekbn, wjgln meagkd tjn besn tjet mhrn FCG gs knncncth gkonbt mhrn drhwtj gkth tjn dlhiel nbhkhmy+

- Gk Rnbtghk 2, Ygbjerc Ielcwgk rnnrs th tjn knw rnlnvekbn hFCG gk tjn bhktnxt h dlhiel velun bjegks, nxplegkgkd gts rhln gkgktnrketghkel prhcubtghk gk tjn 95st bnktury+

- Rnbtghk 3 prnsnkts cgnrnkt pnrspnbtgvns hk FCG+ RnlgkeOebashk ekc Onek-Pgnrrn Lnjmekk nxplhrn shmn h tjnnmhtghkel rnebtghks ukcnrlygkd gts hpphknkts gk cgnrnkt pertsh tjn whrlc, Rusek Rbjwei nxemgkns tjn ellndnc retghkelnhr lgmgtgkd gkvnstmnkt, Tekd Whkd cgsbussns tjn phlgtgbelnbhkhmy ukcnrlygkd shmn FCG rnstrgbtghks ekc Relgm Gsmeglprnsnkts ek Ergbek hpgkghk hk tjn hpphrtukgtgns hr FCG thurtjnr gktndretn tjnsn bhuktrgns gkth tjn whrlc nbhkhmy+

- Rnbtghk > rnnrs th cgsthrtghks ekc ebglgtethrs tjet gmpebt FCGwhrlcwgcn, gkblucgkd e bhrphretn vgnw prnsnktnc iy AerekIjetge hk tjn ierrgnrs bhkrhktgkd FCG, e rnnbtghk iyBjrgsthpjnr Lhdek hk tjn rhln h trecn fkekbn gk ukcgkdtrecn ekc FCG treksebtghks, ekc e cgsbussghk iy ^rg Cecusjhk tjn usn h gkbnktgvns th ettrebt gkvnstmnkt+

- Gk Rnbtghk 6, Rjnrry Rtnpjnkshk ekc rg Cecusj rnvgnw tjnsnts h cgsbgplgkns dhvnrkgkd FCG et tjn cgnrnkt lnvnls hgktnrketghkel dhvnrkekbn ekc jgdjlgdjt tjn bhsts esshbgetncwgtj tjn burrnkt redmnktnc epprhebj th FCG dhvnrkekbn+

- Rnbtghk 4, wrgttnk iy Ygbjerc Ielcwgk, ecvhbetns e jhlgstgbepprhebj th tjn knw trecn-FCG rnelgty iy cnvnlhpgkd bhjnrnktphlgbgns th ukcnrpgk gktnrketghkel hws gk dhhcs, snrvgbns,

gkvnstmnkt ekc gktnllnbtuel prhpnrty+

- Gk Rnbtghk :, Pntnr Crepnr, Inetrgz Lnybndug, Elnoekcrh Oereekc Yhinrt Lewrnkbn erdun hr tjn knnc th mhvn thwercs esystnm h dlhiel dhvnrkekbn h FCG ekc jgdjlgdjt tjn gssunstjet mey ergsn rhm teagkd subj ek epprhebj+

- Sjn Bhukbgl whulc lgan th strnss tjn bhktrgiutghk tjet FCG bekmean th nkjekbn trecn, drhwtj ekc prhspnrgty, et ihtj tjndlhiel ekc ketghkel lnvnls+ Gts Mnminrs urdn whrlc lnecnrs thtean tjn ihlc stnp h mhvgkd thwercs ek MEG+


11/36


9 Febts ekc FgdurnsDery Blycn Jufieunr ekc Pntnr Crepnr

FCG ekc gktnrketghkel trecn snrvn es tjn twgk nkdgkns h whrlcprhspnrgty+ Khmgkel whrlc DCP jes trnilnc sgkbn 57:0,mnrbjekcgsn trecn jes nxpekcnc iy e ebthr h sgx ekc tjnsthba h FCG jes nxpekcnc iy e ebthr h 90+ FCG ekc trecn ernblnerly crgvgkd tjn whrlc nbhkhmy+

Nbhkhmntrgb ekelysgs suddnsts tjet e 50. gkbrnesn gk e ketghkstwh-wey trecn rnletgvn th DCP *n+d+ ek gkbrnesn gk nxphrts hdhhcs ekc snrvgbns plus gmphrts h dhhcs ekc snrvgbns rhm3033.' gkbrnesns DCP iy et lnest 5+6. tjrhudj e vergnty hbjekknls+5 Intwnnk 5770 ekc 9050, twh-wey trecn gk dhhcsekc snrvgbns gkbrnesnc rhm 24. h whrlc DCP th >6.,gkcgbetgkd tjet whrlc gkbhmn gs erhukc :. lerdnr thcey tjek gk5770 inbeusn h gkbrnesnc bhmmnrbn+ Nbhkhmntrgb ekelysgslganwgsn suddnsts tjet ecvekbnc bhuktry gkbhmn jes drhwkeihut 5+5. pnr yner estnr hvnr tjn pest twh cnbecns tjekas thFCG, wjgln cnvnlhpgkd bhuktry gkbhmn jes drhwk 5+3. pnr ynerestnr+9 Uugtn pleusgily, whrlc DCP gs mhrn tjek 90. lerdnrthcey tjek gk 5770 inbeusn h tjn judn nxpeksghk gk whrlc FCG

wjgbj jes bhkvnync inttnr tnbjkhlhdy, jgdjnr wedns ekchvnrell cnvnlhpmnkt+

Gk 9059, dlhiel DCP wes R# 40 trgllghk, dlhiel nxphrts gk dhhcsekc snrvgbns wnrn ^R# 99 trgllghk, tjn dlhiel sthba h FCG weselsh eihut ^R# 99 trgllghk, ekc dlhiel selns rhm FCG eflgetnswnrn ^R# 9: trgllghk+2 FCG eflgetns rnprnsnkt e slgdjtly lerdnrbhkcugt h gktnrketghkel bhmmnrbn tjek whrlc nxphrts+ Ielcwgkerduns gk Rnbtghk 2 tjet nxphrts ekc FCG ern kht eltnrketgvns retjnr, tjny ern bhkstekt bhmpekghks gk tjn knw whrlc h dlhielvelun bjegks+ MKBs, tjn pernkts h FCG, ebbhukt hr shmn :0.h whrlc nxphrts, eihut jel h wjgbj gs nminccnc gk dlhielvelun bjegks+3

E bnktury edh, tjn typgbel multgketghkel nktnrprgsn wes iesnc hkketurel rnshurbns+ Sjet wes tjn gkspgretghk hr Lnkgks emhusepjhrgsm, Gmpnrgelgsm gs tjn jgdjnst hrm h bepgtelgsm+ EtnrThrlc Ter GG, mekuebturgkd FCG bemn th tjn hrn+ Gk tjn 9000s,snrvgbns thha h+ Frhm 900> th 9004, FCG hws gkth keturelrnshurbns ebbhuktnc hr :. h tjn thtel, wjgln mekuebturgkdebbhuktnc hr 35. ekc snrvgbns hr >0.+ Intwnnk 900: ekc9055, evnredn FCG hws bhkstgtutnc 59. hr keturel rnshurbns,33. hr mekuebturgkd ekc 33. hr snrvgbns+ Elhkdsgcn tjgsbhmphsgtghkel sjgt, tjn retgh h FCG th whrlc DCP rhsn rhm :.gk 5770 th 97. gk 9055+

Ek hlc, stgll gmphrtekt, qunstghk gs wjet bhmigketghk h hrbnsnxplegks tjn nxplhsghk h MKBs hk tjn whrlc nbhkhmy+ Sjnekswnr gs hukc kht gk lerdn frms ebbnss th bjnep fkekbn, iutgs gkstnec ihukc up gk tjn ukgqun akhw-jhw h dgekt frms ebhmigketghk h bhpyrgdjts, petnkts, trecnmeras, ekc mhstgmphrtektly, tjn trecn snbrnts h prhcubtghk ekc cgstrgiutghk hk edrekc sbeln+ Sjgs sagll snt gs bhstly th ebqugrn, ekc bek nesgly

rnprnsnkt jel *hr mhrn' h e frms nktnrprgsn velun+ Cnplhygkdtjgs sagll snt whrlcwgcn tjrhudj FCG inknfts tjn jhst bhuktry, estjnrn gs kh knnc th rngkvnkt tjn wjnnl *hr tjn gPhc'+ FCGstgmuletns nxphrts, means mhkny hr tjn MKBs wjgln ellhwgkdtjnm th bhktrhl tjngr tnbjkhlhdy ekc spurs nmplhymnkt ekc

gkvnstmnkt gk tjn jhmn bhuktry *inbeusn tjn MKBs bek drhwestnr'+ Gk htjnr whrcs, tjn nkdgkn injgkc MKB nxpeksghk lnecsth tjn shmnwjet surprgsgkd rnsult tjet FCG drhwtj gs e wgk-wgkprhphsgtghk+

Epplygkd gts sagll snt whrlcwgcn hivghusly jes ecvektedns hr tjnfrm+ Gt gs eiln th sprnec bhsts hvnr e mubj lerdnr vhlumn hprhcubtghk ekc bek cnrgvn inknfts rhm lhbetghkel cgvnrsgty+ Iutgt elsh jes ecvektedns hr tjn jhst bhuktry+ Gt gs mubj nesgnr hrBjgke th ebbnss tjn euth mekuebturgkd akhw-jhw h Mnrbncnstjek th ebqugrn tjgs nxpnrtgsn rhm sbretbj+ Lganwgsn, gt gs mubjnesgnr hr e mncgum-sgznc bhuktry lgan Meleysge th tgn gkth e slgbnh nlnbtrhkgbs prhcubtghk *snmgbhkcubthrs' tjek th iuglc e frmtjet whulc rgvel Snxes Gkstrumnkts hr Cnll+ Fgkelly, hutwerc

gkvnstmnkt gs dhhc hr tjn jhmn nbhkhmy+ Cnteglnc nxemgketghkh tjn ^R nxpnrgnkbn sjhws tjet frms tjet dh eirhec nxpekcestnr et jhmn tjek tjhsn tjet stey et jhmn ohis, gkvnstmnkt,rnsnerbj ekc cnvnlhpmnkt *Y&C' ell inknft+>

Tgtj tjn whrlc snnmgkdly lhbanc gkth e slhw rnbhvnry ekcmessgvn uknmplhymnkt, brnetgkd ohis jes inbhmn tjn knwphlgtgbel mektre+ Nmplhymnkt drhwtj esshbgetnc wgtj FCG gsgmprnssgvn shmn 95 mgllghk pnhpln wnrn nmplhync iy hrngdkeflgetns h MKBs gk 5770, rgsgkd th 67 mgll ghk gk 9055+6

Sjn hrgdgk ekc cnstgketghk h FCG hws jevn bjekdnc rnmeraeilygk rnbnkt yners+ Gk tjn 57:0s, FCG megkly hwnc emhkd HNBCbhuktrgns, prgkbgpelly tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns ekc Nurhpn? hk evnredn,7>. wes rhm tjn HNBC ekc 42. wes th tjn HNBC+ Gk tjn5770s, FCG cgsbhvnrnc nmnrdgkd nbhkhmgns1 curgkd tjgscnbecn, 29. h FCG hws wnrn, hk evnredn, cgrnbtnc hutsgcn tjnHNBC+

Gk tjn 9000s, tjn igd knws gs FCG rhm nmnrdgkd bhuktrgns,wjgbj ebbhuktnc hr 55. h FCG gkhws th HNBC bhuktrgns*Seiln 5'+ FCG huthws rhm cnvnlhpgkd ekc treksgtghk nbhkhmgnsebbhuktnc hr epprhxgmetnly 50. h dlhiel FCG huthws gk 9000,rgsgkd th 29. gk 9050 inhrn rnbncgkd shmnwjet lest yner *th94.' es cnvnlhpnc bhuktrgns gkbrnesnc tjngr sjern hr tjn frsttgmn sgkbn tjn turk h tjn mgllnkkgum+4 Dlhiel FCG gkhws ernmhrn bhkbnktretnc gk cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns, wjgbj ebbhuktnc hr3>. h tjn thtel gk 9055, chwk rhm 34. gk 9050+:


12/36


Seiln 5? Gkwerc FCG Gkfhws iy Yndghk, 9050

Seiln 9? Evnredn Ekkuel Ebbumuletnc FCG Hutfhws,^R# mgllghks, 900:9055

Rhurbn? HNBC Rtet, evegleiln et jt tp?((stets+hnbc+hrd(, ebbnssnc Fniruery 9052+

Iesnc hk iern stetgstgbs, gt mgdjt snnm tjet ell gs wnll gk tjn whrlch FCG ekc trecn+ Sjet whulc in e mgstean+ Srecn drhwtj gk 9059 supphsncly e rnbhvnry yner mgdjt kht nxbnnc 9+>., wjgbj gswnll inlhw tjn evnredn h 3+3. intwnnk 9000 ekc 9050+ FCGhws wgll iernly rnebj R# 5+6 trgllghk, wnll ukcnr tjn R# 9+9trgllghk fdurn h 9004+ Sjnsn cgsepphgktgkd fdurns ern kht sgmplyek etnrsjhba h tjn rnbnkt rnbnssghk+ Yetjnr, tjny ernjerigkdnrs h e sputtnrgkd whrlc nbhkhmy, mhrn beusn tjek

nnbt+ Sjn lnecgkd nxpleketghk h slhw drhwtj bek in hukc gkphlgby eglurn ihtj hfbgel thlnrekbn h brnnpgkd prhtnbtghkgsmekc hfbgel kndlnbt h rnsj lginrelgzetghk+

Gt jes innk erdunc tjet gktnrketghkel trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt jevnrnebjnc tjngr keturel lgmgts, tjet repgc drhwtj sgkbn Thrlc Ter GGjes nxjeustnc knerly ell tjn sbhpn hr regsgkd tjn retgh h trecn hrFCG sthba th dlhiel DCP+ Sjgs erdumnkt gs ukhukcnc hr twhrneshks+ Fgrst, ierrgnrs et tjn ihrcnr *ekc nspnbgelly injgkc tjnihrcnr' rnmegk jgdj hk evnredn, nvnk tjhudj gk shmn gkstekbnsbhuktrgns dh hut h tjngr wey th wnlbhmn hrngdk gkvnsthrs+Rnbhkc, tjn cnksgty h gkvnstmnkt ekc trecn wgtjgk lerdnbhuktrgns subj es tjn kgtnc Rtetns, tjn N^ hr Bjgke gs mubjlerdnr tjek tjet ebrhss ketghkel ihrcnrs, bhksnrvetgvnly iy e

ebthr h tjrnn hr trecn ekc pnrjeps fvn hr gkvnstmnkt+50 Gk ebt,tjnrn gs nvgcnkbn th suddnst tjet dlhiel bhkknbtncknss jescnblgknc sgkbn 9004 gk tjn wean h tjn dlhiel fkekbgel brgsgs+ SjnCJL Dlhiel Bhkknbtncknss Gkcnx elsh cniukas tjn khtghk tjetdlhielgzetghk jes rnebjnc gts lgmgts iy sjhwgkd tjet tjnrn gs meohrsbhpn hr urtjnr gktndretghk elhkd ihtj cnptj ekc irnectjmntrgbs+55 Gts prgmery eutjhr, Pekaeo Djnmewet, jes ekgktnrnstgkd tnrm hr tjn dlhielgzetghk jes rnebjnc gts lgmgtserdumnkt dlhielhkny+

Sh rnbhvnr rhm gts drhwtj slump, tjn whrlc nbhkhmy knncs eigd chsn h knw FCG+ Et tjn burrnkt retn, R# 5+6 trgllghk, knw FCGhws ern lgttln mhrn tjek 9. h whrlc DCP+ Chuilgkd tjet retn, therhukc ^R# 2 trgllghk ekkuelly, snnms nktgrnly pleusgiln, ekc

whulc snrvn es e thkgb hr tjn whrlc nbhkhmy+

Rhurbn? ^KBSEC Jekcihha h Rtetgstgbs 9059, pp+ 23>-2>5+

Seiln 9 sjhws tjet tjgs sustegknc gkbrnesn gs lerdnly ek Esgekpjnkhmnkhk, bnktrnc hk Jhkd Ahkd REY ekc Bjgke, iut mhrnbhuktrgns ern dnttgkd gkth tjn ebt, gkblucgkd Mnxgbh, Bjgln, Irezgl,

tjn Yussgek Fncnretghk ekc htjnr treksgtghk nbhkhmgns, tjn DulRtetns ekc hsjhrn fkekbgel bnktrns gk tjn Bergiinek+ FCGgkhws ern sgmglerly bhkbnktretnc gk Nest Esge, wgtj LetgkEmnrgbe degkgkd gk prhmgknkbn+7

Tjgln prnbgsn cete ern cgfbult th bhmn iy, mubj h tjnsnhutwerc FCG hws ern cnstgknc hr htjnr cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns e trnkc tjet gs lganly th gktnksgy es dlhiel nbhkhmgbrnstrubturgkd gkbrnesns gk tjn wean h tjn fkekbgel brgsgs+

Rhurbn Bhuktry Velun *^R# igllghks' . thtel

HNBC 676+0 :6+0

Nurhpn *nxblucgkd HNBC bhuktrgns' 9:+2 2+>

Khrtj Ergbe 0+9 0+0

Htjnr Ergbe 3+2 0+>

Bnktrel Emnrgbe -3+3 -0+>Rhutj Emnrgbe 93+7 2+5

Mgccln Nest 0+2 0+0

Esge *nxblucgkd HNBC bhuktrgns' 22+7 3+9

Htjnr 96+9 2+9

Nmnrdgkd Merant Shtel :4+> 50+:

Thrlc Shtel :07+6 500+0

Bhuktry 900:9055

Jhkd Ahkd REY 49,::4

Pnhplns Ynpuilgb h Bjgke 60,6>9

Yussgek Fncnretghk >3,466

Irgtgsj Vgrdgk Gslekcs >0,595

Rhutj Ahrne 90,940

Rgkdephrn 54,430

Irezgl 56,092

Gkcge 5>,449

Meleysge 59,:23

Segwek 50,596

Mnxgbh 7,:3>

Beymek Gslekcs 7,>00

Bjgln 7,2>7

^kgtnc Erei Nmgretns 7,949

Auwegt 4,:69

Sjeglekc 6,040

Gkchknsge >,204

Aezeajstek >,54>

Bhlhmige >,03:

Ueter 3,200

Reucg Ereige 2,656

Lgiye 9,499

Vnknzunle 9,645

Surany 9,>37


13/36


2 Sjn Knw Ynlnvekbn h FCG?Sjn DVB PnrspnbtgvnYgbjerc Ielcwgk

Gktnrketghkel trecn usnc th in mubj sgmplnr+ Dhhcs wnrn mecngk hkn ketghk ekc shlc gk ekhtjnr+ Gk tjgs 90tj-bnktury whrlc,mekuebturgkd FCG wes mhstly e suistgtutn hr trecn n+d+ DMihudjt Hpnl th prhcubn Emnrgbek bers hr Nurhpneks gk Nurhpnretjnr tjek nxphrtgkd tjnm rhm Cntrhgt+

Srecn gk thceys whrlc gs recgbelly mhrn bhmplnx+59 Sjn gkhrme-tghk ekc bhmmukgbetghks tnbjkhlhdy rnvhlutghk jes gktnrketghk-elgznc supply bjegks, wjgbj jes brnetnc e tgdjt supply-sgcnlgkaedn intwnnk trecn ekc FCG? tjn trecngkvnstmnktsnrvgbnGP knxus+52 Shceys gktnrketghkel bhmmnrbn bhmprgsns bhmplnx,twh-wey hws h dhhcs, snrvgbns, pnhpln, gcnes ekc gkvnst-mnkts gk pjysgbel, jumek ekc akhwlncdn bepgtel gk eccgtghk thtrecn gk rew metnrgels ekc fkel dhhcs+ Sjnsn bhkknbtghks meangt elmhst grrnlnvekt th tela eihut trecn wgtjhut elsh telagkd eihutFCG et lnest hr meky prhcubts ekc merants+

Es bhmplnx gktnrketghkel supply bjegks ern pnrvesgvn neturns hmhcnrk mekuebturgkd, gt gs usnul th jevn e sgmpln cgedrem thhrdekgzn tjgkagkd hk trecn ekc FCG lgkaedns+ Sjn mhst keturelhbus gs hk tjn trecn injevghur h hrngdk eflgetns, g+n+ tjn sjernh eflgetn prhcubtghk shlc gk tjn lhbel merant, ekc tjn sjern heflgetn gktnrmncgetn gkputs tjet gs shurbnc rhm tjn lhbel merant+Fgdurn 5 plhts tjn selns ekc shurbgkd injevghur hr e dgvnk FCGeflgetn es hkn phgkt gk tjn ihx+ Eflgetns nkdednc gk tjntrecgtghkel betndhrgns h FCG eppner es chts erhukc tjn ncdns htjn ihx+ Sjn suistgtuteiglgty h FCG ekc trecn gkbrnesns elhkd tjncgedhkel *shutjwnst th khrtjnest'1 tjn merant-snnagkd espnbt hFCG gkbrnesns hr phgkts jgdjnr up gk tjn ihx+

- Purn merant-snnagkd FCG gs tjn khrtjnest bhrknr? eflgetnssnll ell hutput lhbelly ekc shurbn ell gktnrmncgetns lhbelly+

- Purn nfbgnkby-snnagkd FCG gs tjn nestnrk ihrcnr? ell gktnrmn-

cgetns ern shurbnc lhbelly, iut shmn h tjn hutput gs nxphrtnc+- Purn nxphrt plethrm FCG *g+n+ hutwerc prhbnssgkd' gs tjn shutjwnst

bhrknr? ell gktnrmncgetns ern gmphrtnc ekc ell hutput gs nxphrtnc+

- Serg-oumpgkd essnmily FCG gk wjgbj ell gktnrmncgetns erngmphrtnc ekc ell hutput gs shlc lhbelly gs tjn khrtjwnst bhrknr+

- Purn rnshurbn-nxtrebtghk FCG gs tjn shutjwnst bhrknr?gktnrmncgetn gkputs ern shurbnc lhbelly ekc ell hutput gsnxphrtnc *n+d+ besj-brhp edrgbulturn, mgkgkd, fsjgkd'+ Gk mekybesns *n+d+ hgl crgllgkd', shmn gktnrmncgetns mey in gmphrtnc, shtjn phgkt whulc in hk tjn gktnrghr h tjn ihtthm ncdn h tjn ihx+

Mhst eflgetns thcey ern gk tjn mgccln h tjn ihx nspnbgelly

tjhsn nkdednc gk dlhiel velun bjegks+ Sjny gmphrt shmn *iutkht ell' h tjngr gktnrmncgetns ekc nxphrt shmn *iut kht ell' h tjngrhutput+ Srecn ekc FCG ern gktgmetnly bhkknbtnc hr subjeflgetns+ Gkcnnc, trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt ern kngtjnr bhmplnmnktskhr suistgtutns tjny ern sgmply twh ebnts h e sgkdln nbhkhmgbebtgvgty? gktnrketghkel prhcubtghk sjergkd+

Sjn selns-shurbgkd ihx bek elsh gllustretn typgbel cnvnlhpmnktstretndgns gkvhlvgkd FCG *Fgdurn 9'+ Sjn trecgtghkel gmphrt-suistgtu-tghk stretndy, hr nxempln, gkvhlvns stertgkd wgtj lhbel essnmilyekc pusjgkd multgketghkelly th prhcubn mhrn gktnrmncgetnslhbelly1 tjn nvnktuel dhel gs th nxphrt+ Sjgs whulc sjhw up es emhvn rhm tjn khrtjwnst bhrknr thwercs tjn shutjnest bhrknr+Sjn 95st-bnktury vnrsghk h tjgs stretndy pursunc iy Bjgke ekchtjnr Nest Esgek ketghks sterts rhm tjn shutjwnst hutwercprhbnssgkd phgkt ekc snnas th gkcubn multgketghkels th shurbnmhrn gktnrmncgetns lhbelly+ Sjgs gs e purn nestwerc mhvn rhmtjn lhwnr lnt-jekc bhrknr+ Gk shmn besns, tjnrn gs elsh e cnsgrnth cnvnlhp tjn lhbel merant hr tjn fkel dhhc+ Sjgs whulc in epusj th mhvn eflgetns phsgtghks khrtjnestwercly+

500.

FCG&

trec

n

gkbrne

sgkdly

sui

stgtu

tns

FCG gkbrnesgkdly merant snnagkd

Purn

jhrgzhktel

FCG

Ynshurbn

nxtrebtghk

FCG

Purn hutwerc-

prhbnssgkd FCG

*g+n+ nxphrt pletfhrm'

Purn JU

vnrtgbel FCG

*trecn gk gkvgsgilns'

Lhbel

essnmily

FCG

Kntwhranc

FCG

500.0.

Rjern hf

hutput shlc

lhbelly

Rjern hf gktnrmncgetns shurbnc lhbelly

500.

Gmphrt-suistgtutghk

gkcustrgelgzetghk

Mhvgkd up

tjn velun bjegkgkcustrgelgzetghk

Purn

jhrgzhktel

FCG

Ynshurbn

nxtrebtghk

FCG

Purn

nfstbgnkby-

snnagkd

FCG

Purn hutwerc-

prhbnssgkd FCG

*g+n+ nxphrt pletfhrm'

Lhbel

essnmily

FCG

500.0.

Rjern hf gktnrmncgetns shurbnc lhbelly

Rjern hf

hutput

shlc

lhbelly

Fgdurn 5? Sjn Relns-Rhurbgkd Ihx Cgedrem

Fgdurn 9? FCG ekc Cnvnlhpmnkt Rtretndgns


14/36


3 Frhm Ynonbtghk th Jhpn?Cgnrnkt Pnrspnbtgvns hk FCG

3+5 Nmhtghkel Ynebtghks th FCGRnlgke Oebashk ekc Onek-Pgnrrn Lnjmekk

Ynbnkt cnbecns jevn wgtknssnc ek nxphknktgel gkbrnesn gk FCG,gk tnrms h bepgtel ekc dnhdrepjgb rnebj, es jgdjlgdjtnc iy

Juieunr ekc Crepnr gk Rnbtghk 9+ FCG gs, gk meky weys, tjninllwntjnr h dlhielgzetghk+ Gt jes elsh inbhmn er mhrnbhmplnx, pertly gk rnsphksn th knw tnbjkhlhdgns ekc prhcubtghkmntjhcs, khteily gk tjn besn h tjn sprnec h dlhiel supplybjegks, es sjhwk gk Rnbtghk 2+ FCG gs e ukcemnktel cykemgb hdlhiel nbhkhmgbs, iut *erdueily mhrn tjek eky htjnr ebtgvgty' gtbek lnec th qugtn strhkd phlgtgbel, gcnhlhdgbel, nmhtghkel ekchtnk qugtn grretghkel rnebtghks+

Gk 577:, tjn Ynpuilgb h Ahrne wes et tjn jngdjt h tjn fkekbgelbrgsgs tjet jec innk trgddnrnc hk 9 Ouly h tjn prnvghus yner gkSjeglekc es e snkghr nbhkhmgb ecvgsnr th tjnk-gkbhmgkd Ahrnekprnsgcnkt Agm Cen-oukd musnc hk wjet jn sew es tjn twh mhsturdnkt mnesurns tjet knncnc th in teank? ihhst nxphrts ekc

ettrebt gkwerc FCG+ Iut jn jec e cglnmme+53 Gmedgkn, jn segc,wn dh hut ekc tjnrn gs e brhwc h 500,000 Ahrneks+ G sey thtjnm, nllhw Ahrneks, th sevn hur bhuktry, wn must ihhstnxphrts+ Sjny wgll bjnnr reubhusly+ Esagkd Ahrneks th nxphrt gslgan esagkd reiigts th ruk+ Sjnk G bhktgkun ekc sey, ekc wn mustprhmhtn gkwerc hrngdk cgrnbt gkvnstmnkt+ Sjnrn whulc in estukknc sglnkbn, e sjhba, pnrjeps lnecgkd th e rght? tjn sjemn,tjn jumglgetghk h ellhwgkd hrngdknrs th gkvnst gk hur bhuktry%Ahrne mey jevn gts hwk spnbgfbgtgns, iut tjn sykcrhmn gs khtukbhmmhk+ Sjn nmhtghkel rnebtghk th FCG bek in spurrnc iy evergnty h rneshks, gkblucgkd mnmhrgns h bhlhkgzetghk,ketghkelgsm hr nvnk xnkhpjhige+

Sjn gcnhlhdy lygkd injgkc tjn hbbesghkel vgsbnrel hpphsgtghk th

FCG bek in hukc gk tjn whras h tjn Erdnktgkn nbhkhmgst YelPrnigsbj, wjh bhgknc tjn cnpnkcnkbge *cnpnkcnkby' tjnhry,ebbhrcgkd th wjgbj bhuktrgns hk tjn pnrgpjnry *g+n+ cnvnlhpgkdbhuktrgns' tjet hpnknc tjngr merants th hrngdk gkvnstmnktswhulc gknvgteily inbhmn cnpnkcnkt hk tjn mntrhphlgtek *g+n+gkcustrgelgznc' bhuktrgns+ Ebbhrcgkd th tjgs tjnhry, th dnknretnsustegkeiln drhwtj ekc cnvnlhpmnkt, hrngdk gkvnsthrs sjhulcin anpt hut ekc gmphrt suistgtutghk gkcustrgelgzetghk prnnrrnc+Prnigsbjs gkunkbn jes sprnec wnll inyhkc Erdnktgke, th LetgkEmnrgbe ekc Esge+

^kcnr Prnsgcnkt Berlhs Rel Mnknm *57:75777', Erdnktgkeukcnrthha swnnpgkd rnhrms tjet lnc th qugtn messgvn gkhws hFCG+ Es mubj h tjn FCG gkth Erdnktgke *ekc htjnr perts h Letgk

Emnrgbe' wes rhm Rpekgsj bhmpekgns, nspnbgelly Rpekgsjiekas, gt wes kht ukbhmmhk th jner drumilgkds eihut ekellndnc snbhkc bhkqugste+ Nvnk rnbnktly, burrnkt PrnsgcnktBrgstgke Fnrkekcnz Cn Agrbjknr hustnc tjn Rpekgsj hgl bhmpekyYnpshl gk e jgdjly puilgbgznc vgtrghlgb cgsputn+

Gk Gkcge, pessghks ernc gk 9059 hvnr e prhphsel th pnrmgt FCG gkrntegl, tjhudj edegk gt bhrrnsphkcs th e cnnpnr psybjhsgs+ Gkprgvetn cgsbussghks gt gs kht ukbhmmhk th in rnmgkcnc tjet Gkcgewes bhlhkgznc iy e multgketghkel bhmpeky? tjn Nest GkcgeBhmpeky, wjgbj rntegknc shvnrngdkty hvnr Gkcge rhm 54>4 th

5:>:+ Sjn qugtn prhhukc hpnkgkd-up rnhrms h tjn nerly 5770skhtwgtjstekcgkd, meky Gkcgeks, pnrjeps nvnk tjn meohrgty,rnmegk suspgbghus h FCG+ FCG gs elsh jgdjly nmhtghkellyesshbgetnc wgtj tjn 57:3 Ijhpel cgsestnr, wjnk e pnstgbgcnplekt hwknc iy ^kghk Berigcn nxplhcnc, beusgkd tjhusekcs hcnetjs ekc gkourgkd er mhrn+

E strhkd gcnhlhdgbel evnrsghk th gkwerc FCG bek elsh in hukc gkmeky gkcustrgelgznc bhuktrgns+ Pnrjeps tjn mhst edrektNurhpnek nxempln gs Frekbn, hr nxempln wjnk tjnk-FrnkbjPrgmn Mgkgstnr Chmgkgqun cn Vgllnpgk gktnrvnknc gk 900> thprnvnkt Pnpsg rhm teagkd hvnr Cekhkn th cnnkc Frekbnsketghkel gktnrnsts+ Sjgs gs gk spgtn h tjn ebt tjet Frekbn jes elerdn sjern h ihtj gkwerc ekc hutwerc FCG+ Sjn rnbnkt puilgb

bhmmnkts iy tjn Frnkbj Mgkgstnr h Gkcustrgel Ynknwel, ErkeucMhktnihurd, cgrnbtnc et Gkcgek stnnl gkvnsthr Leasjmg Mgttel gk erhw hvnr Mgttels pleks hr stnnl gkvnstmnkts gk tjn Rhbgelgst-lnekgkd stnnl inlt gllustretn jhw phlgtgbel ekc strhkd tjnsn hrbnsbek in+

Hbbesghkel hutirneas h vgrulnkt kndetgvn rnebtghks elsh jeppnkgk tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns, es wes tjn besn wgtj Knwswnnas hutiurstedegkst Rhky gk 57:7 wjnk gt ebqugrnc Bhlumige Rtucghs, es gtjec ihudjt e pgnbn h tjn Emnrgbek shul+5> Fuogtsus ettnmpt gk57:4 th ebqugrn Fegrbjglc Rnmgbhkcubthr rnsultnc gkBhkdrnssghkel bhkbnrks tjet subj e stretndgbelly snksgtgvnbhmpeky sjhulc kht in ebqugrnc iy Oepek, nvnk tjhudj tjngrhwknr et tjn tgmn, Rbjluminrdnr, wes Frnkbj+ Nvnktuelly Fuogtsu

jec th wgtjcrew ekc tjn seln wes mecn gkstnec th KetghkelRnmgbhkcubthr+ Emnrgbek mgstrust h Oepeknsn gkwerc cgrnbtgkvnstmnkt lestnc tjrhudjhut mubj h tjn 57:0s ekc nerly5770s, iut es tjn Oepeknsn nbhkhmy nll gkth tjn chlcrums gktjn 5770s gt wes pnrbngvnc es mubj lnss h e tjrnet+Bhktrhvnrsgns hvnr gkwerc FCG rhm htjnr snksgtgvn shurbns,jhwnvnr, cgc kht bnesn+

Gk 9006 e sthrm wes regsnc gk Bhkdrnss hvnr tjn ebt tjet ebhmpeky rhm tjn ^kgtnc Erei Nmgretns, Cuieg Phrts Thrlc*CPT', wes ebqugrgkd Pnkgksuler ekc Hrgnktel Rtnem KevgdetghkBhmpeky *P&H', wjgbj whulc dgvn CPT mekednmnkt eutjhrgtyhvnr sgx meohr ^R phrts+ Hkbn edegk tjn ketghkel snburgty elerminll wes rukd inbeusn hrngdk hwknrsjgp h subj vgtel essnts

th tjn ketghkel gktnrnst whulc in tjrnetnkgkd ekc cntrgmnktel+ Eswgtj tjn Fegrbjglc(Rbjluminrdnr(Fuogtsu besn, tjn ebt tjet P&Hwes gtsnl e hrngdk *Irgtgsj' bhmpeky snnmnc th in gdkhrnc+


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5>Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr fhr Srecn, Drhwtj ekc Prhspnrgty? Sjn Besn fhr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt

Sjn CPT eegr bemn tjn yner etnr ekhtjnr igd FCG-rnletncjurrgbekn, gkvhlvgkd tjn ettnmpt h tjn Bjgknsn hgl bhmpekyBjgke Ketghkel Hsjhrn Hgl Bhrphretghk *BKHHB' th ebqugrn tjnEmnrgbek bhmpeky khbel+ Nvnktuelly BKHHB jec th dgvn up+Gkstnec, snvnk yners letnr gt ebqugrnc tjn Bekecgek bhmpekyKnxnk, e cnel tjet wes epprhvnc iy tjn Bekecgek Dhvnrkmnkthk tjn drhukcs tjet gt wes th Bekeces knt inknft+ Hknbhksnqunkbn h tjn 900> BKHHB-^khbel eegr gs tjet Bjgknsn

bhmpekgns jevn innk wery h gkvnstgkd gk tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns+Sjgs whulc snnm th in oustgfnc iy e dhhc kuminr h urtjnrgllustretghks, gkblucgkd ettnmpts th ilhba Bjgknsn tnlnbhmsbhmpekgns Juewng ekc _SN rhm gkvnstgkd gk tjn ^kgtnc Rtetnsekc tjn rnonbtghk h e Bjgknsn bhmpekys prhphsel th iuglc wgkcturigkns kner e mglgtery ebglgty gk Hrndhk+

Bjgkes gkwerc FCG sthry gs gktnrnstgkd+ Gk strgagkd bhktrest thshmn h tjn htjnr igd Esgek nbhkhmgns khteily Oepek, Ahrne,Gkcge ekc Gkchknsge Bjgkes nbhkhmgb rnhrm prhdremmn htjn letn 5740s gkvgtnc gkwerc FCG+ Gkvnstmnkt wes gkgtgelly lgmgtncth spnbgel nbhkhmgb zhkns *RN_s' ekc gkvhlvnc bnrtegkbhkstregkts, gkblucgkd tjn rnqugrnmnkt th jevn e Bjgknsn pertknrekc prhvgsghks hr tnbjkhlhdy treksnr+ Bjgke stertnc vnry letn hk

gts nbhkhmgb mhcnrkgzetghk prhdremmn ekc jec kh meohrbhrphretn irekcs hr nktgtgns n+d+ gk bhmpergshk th e AhrnekRemsukd, e Oepeknsn Shsjgie hr ek Gkcgek Sete1 tjnrnhrn gt sewgkwerc FCG es e est treba th drhwtj ekc cnvnlhpmnkt+ Gk tjnbhursn h tjn nerly(mgc-5770s, Bjgke hpnknc up gts gkwerc FCGrndgmn bhksgcnreily urtjnr, th mubj h tjn rnst h Bjgke inyhkctjn RN_s, ekc ellhwnc tjn nsteilgsjmnkt h wjhlly hwknchrngdk nktnrprgsns hk gts tnrrgthry+

Gk rnbnkt yners, jhwnvnr, es Bjgkes nbhkhmy jes meturnc ekces gt snnas th cnvnlhp ekc prhmhtn mhrn gkcgdnkhus bhmpekgnsekc tnbjkhlhdgns ettgtucns ekc phlgbgns wgtj rnspnbt th gkwercFCG jevn bjekdnc+ Fhrngdk gkvnsthrs bhmplegk eihut mhrndhvnrkmnkt gktnrvnktghk ekc rnstregkts+ FCG jes elsh inbhmn

gknxhreily gkvhlvnc gk phlgtgbs+ Gk 900>, ekc edegk gk 9059, vghlnktektg-Oepeknsn cnmhkstretghks jevn snnk Oepeknsn ebthrgns,sjhwrhhms ekc cgstrgiutghk bnktrns ettebanc+

Emhkd tjn igd nbhkhmgns, tjn mhst strgagkd nxbnptghk th tjnketghkelgst trnkc gs tjn ^kgtnc Agkdchm+ Sjgs wes megkly tjnwhra h Prgmn Mgkgstnr Merdernt Sjetbjnr *57475770', wjhbhmigknc ketghkelgsm wgtj predmetgsm+ Sjus wjnk sjn hpnkncup tjn bhuktry th hrngdk gkvnstmnkt rhm Oepeknsn euthmhiglnbhmpekgns, sjn emhusly bhmmnktnc tjet sjn cgc kht dgvn efd wjntjnr tjn bers wnrn hrngdk hr Irgtgsj, sh lhkd es tjnywnrn mekuebturnc gk tjn ^kgtnc Agkdchm+

Gt gs rneshkeiln th dnknrelgzn tjet bhuktrgns tjet ern dnkugknlyphsgtgvn thwercs FCG jevn smell, hutwerc-lhhagkd nbhkhmgns,khteily Rgkdephrn, Jhkd Ahkd REY, tjn kgtnc Erei Nmgretns,Luxnmihurd, Grnlekc, Byprus, Bhste Ygbe ekc ruduey+ Nebj htjnsn bhuktrgns jes rnelgznc gts gktnr-cnpnkcnkbge wgtj tjn dlhielnbhkhmy+ Sjny tean tjn vgnw tjet FCG irgkds ek gkux h bepgtel,knw tnbjkhlhdy ekc saglls gkblucgkd mekednrgel ekc merantgkdprebtgbns, ekc, gkbrnesgkdly, dlhiel prhcubtghk kntwhras+ Sjnsnbhuktrgns jevn elsh rnbhdkgznc tjet FCG gs ek gmphrtekt thhl hrcnvnlhpmnkt iy irgkdgkd gkbrnesnc fkekbgel rnshurbns ekc ebbnssth dlhiel supply bjegks, wjgbj ihhsts nxphrt bhmpntgtgvnknss,dnknretns nmplhymnkt ekc strnkdtjnks tjn saglls iesn, ekcnkjekbns tnbjkhlhdgbel bepeiglgtgns+ Rgkbn gkvnstmnkt phlgbgns gktjnsn bhuktrgns ern dnknrelly mhrn lginrel, tjngr rndulethry rndgmnsern emhkd tjn mhst trekspernkt ekc usnr rgnkcly+

H bhursn, kht ell FCG gs tjn semn, ekc bhrphretn mhtgvetghks hrek gkvnstmnkt mey crgvn tjn kndetgvn rnebtghk+ FCG bek tean tjnhrm h drnnkfnlc hr irhwkfnlc gkvnstmnkts, merant(rnshurbn(nfbgnkby- snnagkd gkvnstmnkts, hr mnrdnrs ekc ebqugsgtghks+

E irhwkfnlc gkvnstmnkt tjet blneks up e hrmnr stnnl mgll ekcbhkvnrts gt gkth hfbn spebn hr e sjhppgkd mell wgll in inttnrrnbngvnc tjek e drnnkfnlc gkvnstmnkt tjet gs pnrbngvnc espusjgkd hut lhbel gkcustry ekc rnpetrgetgkd prhfts th tjnbhrphretghks jhmn nbhkhmy retjnr tjek tjn lhbel nbhkhmy,khtwgtjstekcgkd tjn ebt tjet tjn drnnkfnlc gkvnstmnkt mey inbrnetgkd knw ohis, prhcubtghk bepebgty ekc tjn phtnktgel hrtnbjkhlhdy treksnr+ Rgmglerly rnshurbn-snnagkd gkvnstmnkts tjet

egm th inknft rhm ebthrs h prhcubtghk tjet ern mhrn nesglyhitegknc gk e hrngdk merant *subj es gknxpnksgvn leihur hrketurel rnshurbns' vnrsus e jhmn merant mey in vgnwnc esnxplhgtetgvn ekc tjnrnhrn lnss evhureily wnlbhmnc tjekmerant- hr nfbgnkby-snnagkd gkvnstmnkts tjet egm hr knwbusthmnrs hr nbhkhmgns h sbeln+ Mnrdnrs ekc ebqugsgtghkstnkc th in tjn mhst bhmmhk typn h FCG, ekc bek inbhmnvgsgiln ekc jgdjly phlgtgbel cnpnkcgkd hk tjn bjerebtnrgstgbs htjn ebqugrgkd bhmpeky hr tjn terdnt h tjn ebqugsgtghk, es gkshmn h tjn nxemplns bgtnc eihvn+

Dgvnk tjn rekdn h nmhtghkel rnebtghks th FCG ekc gtsebbhmpekgnc phlgtgbel bhksnqunkbns, gt gs kh whkcnr tjetbhuktrgns jevn nkdednc gk fnrbn bhmpntgtghk th ettrebt tjn

rgdjt agkcs h gkvnstmnkts, wjgbj jes spewknc e slnw hphtnktgelly cgsthrtgvn gkbnktgvns, es cgsbussnc urtjnr iy Cecusjgk Rnbtghk >+9

3+9 Tjy Bhuktrgns Rey Sjny GmphsnIerrgnrs th FCGRusek Rbjwei

Et tjn ketghkel phlgby lnvnl, verghus ebthrs mey bhmn gkth pley esretghkelns hr lgmgtgkd gkwerc FCG+ Gk ebt, ettgtucns eihut FCGcgnr sgdkgfbektly cnpnkcgkd hk wjnrn gk e dgvnk bhuktry e dgvnkphlgby-meanr mgdjt in+ Sjn ettgtucn h tjn evnredn mnminr h

tjn ^R Bhkdrnss, hr nxempln, mey cgnr rhm tjet h tjnevnredn bgty meyhr hr stetn dhvnrkhr+ Rgmglerly, e bnktreldhvnrkmnkt hfbgel gk Ingogkd mey jevn e cgnrnkt ettgtucn eihute prhspnbtgvn hrngdk gkvnstmnkt tjek jgs hr jnr mukgbgpel hrprhvgkbgel bhuktnrpert+ Fhr tjn lhbel hfbgel, tjn prhspnbt h ohisekc lhbel nbhkhmgb cnvnlhpmnkt dnknrelly trumps htjnrbhkbnrks+ Et tjn ketghkel phlgby lnvnl, e vergnty h cgnrnkt ebthrsmey bhmn gkth pley hr in bgtnc es e retghkeln hr lgmgtgkd hrngdkgkvnstmnkt+ Sjn mhst rnqunkt subj ebthrs eppner th gkblucntjn hllhwgkd?

- Hpphsgtghk rhm *hr hk injel h' chmnstgb bhmpntgthrs tjetner tjn gktrhcubtghk h hrngdk-gkvnstnc bhmpntgtghk+ Sjgs gs hpertgbuler bhkbnrk wjnk tjn chmnstgb mekuebturgkd iesn

jes innk prhtnbtnc ekc ebns tjn prhspnbt h e knw plektturkgkd hut mhrn bhmpntgtgvn prhcubts+ Gk shmn besns, lgmgtshk tjn gkvnstmnkt mey epply th chmnstgb ekc hrngdkwhulc-in gkvnsthrs elgan, hr nxempln prnblucgkd multg-irekcrnteglnrs rhm gkvnstgkd gk tjn kemn h prhtnbtgkd smell sjhphwknrs+ Sjn usn h ektg-mhkhphly rulns es tjn retghkeln hrekc mneks h ilhbagkd e hrngdk ebqugsgtghk mey elsh in snnkes ekhtjnr vergnty h FCG prhtnbtghkgsm+

- Verghus ketghkelgstgb ekc phpulgst mhtgvetghks snnm th in et*hr oust inlhw' tjn surebn h meky cnbgsghks th lgmgt FCG+Sjnsn jevn innk mhst nvgcnkt wjnk hrngdk ebqugsgtghk h eketghkel irekc, ketghkel bjempghk hr pgnbn h trhpjy rnelnstetn jes innk et gssun, hr gk tjn ertgbuletnc ner h

nxplhgtetghk h fkgtn keturel rnshurbns ekc edrgbulturel lekc+ Ellthh htnk, tjnsn snktgmnkts jevn bhmn th tean hk ektg-hrngdk, xnkhpjhigb hr ektg-^R(Bjgknsn(Oepeknsn(Gkcgek,ntb+ hvnrthkns, es cgsbussnc inhrn iy Oebashk ekcLnjmekk+


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- Dhvnrkmnkts cnsgrn th nxtrebt tjn mexgmum emhukt hinknft hr tjngr chmnstgb nbhkhmgns, pnhpln hr gkcgdnkhusgkcustrgns rhm e hrngdk gkvnstmnkt bek lnec th rnstrgbtghkssubj es rnqugrgkd ohgkt vnkturns, lgmgtgkd hrngdk nqugtypertgbgpetghk lnvnls gk ohgkt vnkturns, cnmekcs hr tnbjkhlhdytreksnr, hrbnc lhbelgzetghk(mgkgmum chmnstgb bhktnkt hrvelun-eccnc rnqugrnmnkts, ntb+ Gktnrnstgkdly, rnstrgbtghksgmphsnc et hkn lnvnl h dhvnrkmnkt mey nxgst gk perellnl wgtj

gkvnstmnkt gkbnktgvns hnrnc iy ekhtjnr lnvnl h dhvnrkmnkttjet ern cnsgdknc th nkbhuredn subj gkvnstmnkt+

- Ketghkel snburgty rneshks ekc rnstrgbtghks very gk tjngr lnvnlsh trekspernkby ekc cndrnns h snvnrgty+ Rhmn bhuktrgnsmegktegk betelhduns tjet ertgbuletn nktgtgns ekc snbthrs tjetern h lgmgts th hrngdk gkvnsthrs gk tjn kemn h ketghkelsnburgty1 htjnrs jevn hpnk gkvnstmnkt phlgbgns wgtj blnerekbnprhbnssns hr e kerrhw rekdn h hrngdk ebqugsgtghks h frmstjet ern bhksgcnrnc pertgbulerly snksgtgvn+ Gt gs cgfbult thdnknrelgzn retghkeln, iut nxemplns h rneshks wjnk dgvnk gkblucn ebbnss th brgtgbel gkrestrubturn, snksgtgvntnbjkhlhdgns, snksgtgvn lhbetghks ekc nxbnssgvn rnlgekbn hkgmphrts hr ek gkcustrgel iesn+

- Fgkelly, tjnrn snnms th in e dnknrel betbj-ell betndhry, tjnbhmmhk cnkhmgkethr h wjgbj gkvhlvns tjn ner h lhsgkdbhktrhl th shmn hutsgcn hrbn+ Sjnsn bhkbnrks ern pnrjepssuisnts h htjnr betndhrgns, iut gkblucn subj nxemplns es ener h lhkd-tnrm ielekbn h peymnkts gssuns, tjet e hrngdkdhvnrkmnkt shurbn h FCG bhulc tjrnetnk tjn wgtjcrewel hukcs th gkunkbn injevghur, tjet tjn hrngdk ebqugrnr h echmnstgb bhrphretghk wgll egl th in e dhhc lhbel bhrphretnbgtgznk ekc sh hk+ Ketghkel snburgty ekc ketghkelgstgb bhkbnrkselgan bek in nkjekbnc wjnk tjn shurbn h tjn hrngdk ukcsgs e dhvnrkmnkt hr dhvnrkmnkt-rnletnc nktgty, wjgbj regsnstjn qunstghk h mhtgvns inyhkc tjhsn trecgtghkelly rnbhdkgznces bhmmnrbgel+

Gt gs gktnrnstgkd th khtn tjet phlgtgbel ekc dhvnrkmnkt ettgtucns*eltjhudj kht knbnssergly ebtghks' gkvhlvgkd hutihukc FCG snnmth cgnr er mhrn ebrhss bhuktrgns tjek tjhsn gkvhlvgkd gkwercgkvnstmnkt+ Gk tjgs rnderc, shmn bhuktrgns ebtgvnly nkbhurednhutwerc gkvnstmnkt iy tjngr MKBs, snngkd FCG es e vnjgbln hrnxphrts ekc dlhiel nxpeksghk, wjgln gk htjnr bhuktrgns phlgtgbgekscnmhkgzn hutwerc gkvnstmnkt es tjn ebt h nxphrtgkd ohis+

3+2+ Tjy Bhuktrgns Bhkstregk FCG? SjnPhlgtgbel Nbhkhmy h EsymmntryWhkd Tekd

Tjgln tjgs gs e knw nre h nbhkhmgb dlhielgzetghk, wgtj tjn rgsn he sgkdln dlhiel merant, tjn phlgtgbel hukcetghk h tjn dlhielnbhkhmy jes kht bjekdnc drnetly? gt gs stgll iesnc hkgktnrketghkel phlgtgbs ekc e trun whrlc dhvnrkmnkt gs stgll er ewey+Sjus gt wes kh surprgsn wjnk Prnsgcnkt Hieme gkcgbetnc et tjnD90 Lhkchk summgt gk 9007 tjet jn bemn th tjn bhknrnkbn thsupphrt ^R gktnrnsts+56 Dlhiel dhvnrkekbn rnnrs th ebhmigketghk h kndhtgetghk, bhkrhktetghk ekc bhhrcgketghkemhkd ketghk stetns wgtj cgnrnkt ketghkel gktnrnsts rnletnc thdlhiel gssuns+ Sjnrn gs e ukcemnktel mgsmetbj intwnnk tjndlhiel nbhkhmy ekc ketghk stetn-bnktrnc gktnrketghkel phlgtgbs+Tgtjgk ketghkel ihrcnrs ekc gk tjn gktnrketghkel systnm,bhuktrgns, drhups ekc gkcustrgns inknft rhm trecgkd wgtj nebj

htjnr+ Sjny nerk eishlutn degks, iut et tjn semn tgmn bhmpntnhr tjn rnletgvn sgzn h tjhsn degks+ Sjgs mgxnc pnrspnbtgvn hrnletgvn ekc eishlutn degks jnlps ukcnrstekc wjy bhuktrgnsbhkstregk FCG+

Jgsthrgbelly, tjn rnletghks intwnnk trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt jevnelweys innk gktnrtwgknc ekc bhmplgbetnc+ Etnr Thrlc Ter GG,meky bhuktrgns inbemn sbnptgbel eihut e merant nbhkhmysystnm, ekc cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns bjempghknc nbhkhmgbeuthkhmy ekc tjus pursunc gmphrt suistgtutghk stretndgns thprhmhtn tjn gkcustrgelgzetghk h tjngr lhbel nbhkhmgns, esmnktghknc iy Oebashk ekc Lnjmekk gk Rnbtghk 3+5+ Tjglnnrnbtgkd jgdj gmphrt ierrgnrs, tjny wnlbhmnc FCG, wjgbj wes

pnrbngvnc es e mneks h brnetgkd lhbel velun-eccnc prhcubtghk+Letgk Emnrgbe wes tjn snttgkd hr mhst h Prnigsbjs ekelysgs hkcnvnlhpmnkt1 shmn bhuktrgns, lgan Irezgl, nxpnrgnkbnc repgcdrhwtj uktgl tjn 57:0s cnit brgsgs+

Frhm tjn 57>0s th 5740s, htjnr cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns, gkblucgkdshmn knwly gkcnpnkcnkt hkns, echptnc e mhrn recgbelepprhebj th cnvnlhpmnkt+ Sjnsn cnvnlhpmnkt stretndgns wnrngkunkbnc iy tjn cnpnkcnkbge tjnhry ekc cgnrnkt vnrsghks hMerxgst shbgelgsm, wjgbj prhmhtnc tjn vgnw tjet cnvnlhpgkdbhuktrgns bhulc hkly ecvekbn g tjny cnlgkanc tjnmsnlvns rhmtjn gktnrketghkel nbhkhmy, wjgbj wes chmgketnc iy Tnstnrkgkcustrgelgznc ketghks+54 Sjnsn bhuktrgns wnrn hpphsnc th trecn,FCG ekc lheks rhm gktnrketghkel iekas+ Inhrn gt hpnknc up,

Bjgke wes e vgvgc nxempln h tjgs mhcnl1 gt pursunc e bnktrellyplekknc nbhkhmy ekc gmphrt suistgtutghk gkcustrgelgzetghk+ SjnBhlc Ter, wgtj gts gcnhlhdgbel cgvgcn, pleync hut gk tjniebadrhukc h tjgs sbnkergh+

Frhm tjn 5740s ekc 57:0s, jhwnvnr, tjn pnrbnptghk h FCG ekctrecn emhkd cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns drecuelly nxpnrgnkbnc drnetbjekdns+ Sjn subbnss h tjn nxphrt-hrgnktnc cnvnlhpmnktstretndgns h Nest Esges hur credhks prhmptnc cnvnlhpgkdbhuktrgns tjet jec ecvhbetnc nbhkhmgb euthkhmy th rn-nxemgkn tjngr cnvnlhpmnkt pjglhshpjy ekc drhwtj stretndgns+Sjny drecuelly echptnc e knw cnvnlhpmnkt perecgdm tjetgkblucnc nkbhuredgkd prhbnssgkd nxphrts, hpnkgkd up tjnnbhkhmy th FCG ekc nmirebgkd e merant nbhkhmy+ Hkn strgagkd

nxempln h tjgs sjgt gs tjn prhphsel iy tjn nbhkhmgst FnrkekchJ+ Berchsh *wjh letnr inbemn prnsgcnkt h Irezgl' h e knwcnvnlhpmnkt gcne bellnc cnpnkcnkby-esshbgetnccnvnlhpmnkt,5: wjgbj wes gkspgrnc iy tjn subbnssns h tjnknwly gkcustrgelgznc nbhkhmgns gk Nest Esge+ Gt gs gmphrtekt thkhtn tjet Rhutj Ahrne cgc kht pursun cnpnkcnkby-esshbgetnccnvnlhpmnkt, iut gkstnec iesnc gts cnvnlhpmnkt stretndy hkihrrhwgkd rhm gktnrketghkel iekas ekc fkekbgel gkstgtutghkswjgln prhtnbtgkd gts chmnstgb merant rhm gmphrts ekc FCG hws+Rhutj Ahrne ekc Oepeks cnvnlhpmnkt stretndgns cgnrncdrnetly rhm tjn phlgby rnbhmmnkcetghks h tjn TesjgkdthkBhksnksus tjet tjn Gktnrketghkel Mhkntery Fukc *GMF'prhmhtnc gk tjn 57:0s ekc 5770s+

Sjn bjekdns th nmirebn nxphrt, FCG ekc e merant nbhkhmywnrn gkstgtutghkelgznc gk tjn hrm h tjn knw edrnnmnkts rnsultgkdrhm tjn ^ruduey Yhukc, wjgbj gkvhlvnc ernes subj esgktnllnbtuel prhpnrty, trecn-rnletnc gkvnstmnkt mnesurns ekctrecn gk snrvgbns+ Crgvnk iy trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt lginrelgzetghk,ekc brhss-ihrcnr bepgtel hws, nbhkhmgb dlhielgzetghk pneancinhrn tjn Esgek fkekbgel brgsgs h 5774577:+ Sjn nrhsghk hphlgtgbel shlgcergty emhkd cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns, ekc tjn D44seglurn th bhhrcgketn ekc prhcubn e ukghrm phsgtghk hk tjn^ruduey Yhukc kndhtgetghks gk pertgbuler, ebbhmpekgnc tjgstrekshrmetghk+57


17/36


Sjn uknvnk ekc gkbhmplntn gmplnmnktetghk h tjn ^rudueyYhukc edrnnmnkts iy cnvnlhpnc bhuktrgns pertgbulerly gk tjnernes h tnxtgln ekc edrgbulturn trecn, ekc tjn prhtnbtghk hgktnllnbtuel prhpnrty rgdjts ekc gkvnstmnkt jes innk bgtnc esslhwgkd tjn betbj-up nhrts h knwly gkcustrgelgzgkd bhuktrgns90ekc gmpncgkd tjn usn h gkcustrgel phlgby thhls iy cnvnlhpgkdbhuktrgns tjet jec prnvghusly innk utglgznc iy cnvnlhpncbhuktrgns+95 Sjnsn ebthrs ukcnrlgn tjn cnbgsghk th hrgnkt tjn

Chje Yhukc es e cnvnlhpgkd rhukc, th try th rncrnss tjncgstrgiutghk h tjn bhsts ekc inknfts h gmplnmnktgkd tjnedrnnmnkts+ Sjn cnbecn-lhkd cneclhba h tjn Chje Yhukcsuddnsts tjet tjn deps gk essnssgkd tjn rhln h tjn TSH jevnwgcnknc+ Furtjnrmhrn, tjn dlhiel nbhkhmgb brgsgs h 900: jestrgddnrnc e knw wevn h rgsgkd prhtnbtghkgsm gk ihtj cnvnlhpncekc cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns, wjgbj nkcekdnrs tjn eutjhrgty h tjnmultgletnrel trecgkd systnm+

Nbhkhmgb dlhielgzetghk gs gk snerbj h e knw cgrnbtghk+ Gt gsgmphrtekt th rnbhdkgzn tjet gt whulc in thh bhstly th rntrnet rhme sgkdln dlhiel merant ekc th rnmnminr tjn lnsshk h tjn DrnetCnprnssghk gk tjn 5720s+ Sjn eglurn h ketghks th rngk gkprhtnbtghkgsm hkly irhudjt cgsestnr th nvnryhkn+ Bhuktrgns

snnm th jevn ukcnrsthhc tjgs ekc jevn whranc thdntjnr gk tjnremnwhra h tjn D90 th bhpn wgtj tjn gmpebt h tjn 900: dlhielfkekbgel brgsgs+ Sjn TSH jes bhktgkunc th snrvn es e meohriulwera th stnm tjn rgsgkd tgcn h prhtnbtghkgsm+

Sjn dlhiel fkekbgel brgsgs jes rnvgvnc hlc bhkbnrks eihut tjnlhss h bhktrhl hvnr FCG ekc prhcubnc knw sbnptgbgsm eihut tjnrgsn h stetn-hwknc nktnrprgsns, ell gk tjn bhktnxt h e mhrnbhmplgbetnc pgbturn h tjn dlhiel phlgtgbel nbhkhmy tjet gkblucnstjn rgsn h nmnrdgkd nbhkhmgns ekc knw meohr phwnr rgvelry,nspnbgelly intwnnk tjn kgtnc Rtetns ekc Bjgke+ Sjn meohrnmnrdgkd nbhkhmgns jevn bjhsnk th whra thdntjnr gk tjn bluih IYGBR *Irezgl, Yussge, Gkcge, Bjgke ekc Rhutj Ergbe' thprhmhtn tjngr gcnes hk rnhrmgkd tjn gktnrketghkel nbhkhmgb

hrcnr+ Sjny snna drnetnr gkunkbn gk tjn GMF ekc tjn ThrlcIeka, ekc jhpn tjn TSH bek vhgbn tjngr bhkbnrks gk tjn ChjeYhukc+ Sjn ^kgtnc Rtetns, hr gts pert, jes inbhmn rnlubtekt thecvekbn multgletnrel kndhtgetghks ekc jes turknc th prhmhtgkdrndghkel FSEs megkly tjn Sreks-Pebgfb Pertknrsjgp *SPP' ekcrnbnktly tjn Sreksetlektgb Srecn ekc Gkvnstmnkt Pertknrsjgp*SSGP' th ebjgnvn tjn blegmnc 95st-bnktury jgdj stekcercs gkernes subj es gkvnstmnkt, RHNs ekc htjnrs+99

Et tjn semn tgmn, ihtj Bjgke ekc tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns jevngmphsnc rnstrgbtghks hk tjn gkvnstmnkt h MKBs ekc RHNs gknebj htjnrs tnrrgthrgns, bgtgkd tjn knnc th senduerc ketghkelsnburgty ekc gkcgdnkhus gkkhvetghk+ Tjgln Bjgke ekc htjnrcnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns ern stgll bhkbnrknc eihut tjn hvnrsgznc

prnsnkbn h Tnstnrk MKBs, tjn Tnstnrk puilgb snnms th inmhrn snksgtgvn th FCG gkhws rhm Bjgkes RHNs+ Sjn Tnstleinls tjgs es stetn bepgtelgsm, es gt gs bhkbnrknc eihut tjncgsthrtghks brnetnc iy suisgcgns ekc htjnr hrms hdhvnrkmnktel supphrt, es wnll es iy tjn phssgiglgty tjet RHNsmey snrvn tjn hrngdk phlgby hionbtgvns h tjn jhmn stetn+92

Sjn repgcly gkbrnesgkd gkvnstmnkt hws rhm Bjgke ekc htjnrnmnrdgkd nbhkhmgns gkth Ergbe jevn elsh dnknretnc shmnbhkbnrks eihut tjn rnvgvel h sh-bellnc bhlhkgelgsm+ Brgtgbssuddnst tjet tjnsn hws ern megkly cgrnbtnc et tjn lhw velun-eccnc mgkgkd ekc ermgkd snbthrs, wjgln mekuebturncprhcubts ern cumpnc gk tjnsn bhuktrgns+93 Rhmn sbnptgbelpnhpln nvnk leinl Bjgkes gkbrnesgkd gkvnstmnkt gk Ergbe es

knh-bhlhkgelgsm, tjhudj systnmgb stucgns jevn rnutnc tjgserdumnkt+9>

Bgtgznks ecvhbeby drhups gk Bjgke jevn bellnc hr lhbeldhvnrkmnkts th pey mhrn ettnktghk th nkvgrhkmnktel gktnrnstswjnk ettrebtgkd hrngdk gkvnstmnkt, ekc tjnsn plnes jevngmpebtnc puilgb phlgby+ Ynbnkt puilgb prhtnsts edegkst tjn lhbeldhvnrkmnkts gk Zgemnk ekc Kekthkd egmnc th sthp bjnmgbelgkcustry gkvnstmnkts rhm Segwek ekc htjnr shurbns+

Gk tjgs knw phlgtgbel nbhkhmy bhktnxt h dlhiel trecn ekcgkvnstmnkt, tjn qunstghk gs jhw th inttnr ukcnrstekc tjnbhkbnrks h cgnrnkt typns h bhuktrgns rndercgkd tjn rhln h FCG,ekc jhw th eccrnss tjhsn bhkbnrks th nksurn tjet eky FCGedrnnmnkt strgans e ielekbnc cnel tjet snrvns ell pertgnsgktnrnsts+ Ekc tjgs gs wjnrn tjn kndhtgetghk h e multgletnrelremnwhra hk FCG, wgtjgk tjn TSH, mey in gmphrtekt, esCrepnr, Lnybndug, Oere ekc Lewrnkbn erdun gk Rnbtghk :+

Dgvnk tjet FCG gs kh lhkdnr lgmgtnc th huthws rhm cnvnlhpncbhuktrgns,96 ekc tjn gkbrnesgkd gmphrtekbn h dlhiel supplybjegks, ek MEG mey khw in nesgiln+ Sjgs mey in ek gmphssgilntesa, jhwnvnr, g tjn cgnrnkt drhups h bhuktrgns bekkhtukcnrstekc nebj htjnr inttnr ekc ch kht mean e phlgtgbelcntnrmgketghk th bhmprhmgsn+ E mhrn bhmprnjnksgvnukcnrstekcgkd h tjn ierrgnrs th FCG gs any, es gs teagkd e irhecnrpnrspnbtgvn h FCG+ Gt gs gmphrtekt th pey ettnktghk th tjn rnletgvnsgzn h FCG ekc gts cgnrnkt gkunkbns hk tjn nbhkhmy h tjnjhst bhuktry1 rnspnbt tjn phlgtgbel ekc nbhkhmgb euthkhmy htjn jhst bhuktry, kht hkly supnrfbgelly iut elsh suistektgelly1sympetjgzn wgtj tjn cnvnlhpmnkt gktnrnsts h cnvnlhpgkdbhuktrgns, nspnbgelly smell ekc wnea hkns, th nksurn tjet FCGbhmplnmnkts tjn gkcustrgelgzetghk h lhbel nbhkhmgns retjnr tjekbrhwcs hut lhbel mekuebturnrs1 gkblucn ek gktnrketghkelbhmpntgtghk bleusn th eccrnss cnvnlhpgkd bhuktrgns bhkbnrkseihut prgbgkd mekgpuletghk iy shmn MKBs hr tjn bhelgtghk thnxnrbgsn mhkhphly phwnrs1 ekc inttnr prhtnbt tjn nkvgrhkmnktekc leihur rgdjts+

3+3 E Vgnw rhm Rui-Rejerek Ergbe?Frnsj Hpphrtukgtgns hr GktndretghkRelgm Gsmegl

Sjn gssun h FCG es e crgvnr hr trecn ekc cnvnlhpmnkt jhlcsdrnet rnshkekbn gk Ergbe+ FCG hws th Rui-Rejerek Ergbernmegk mhcnst, ynt jevn gkbrnesnc stnecgly hvnr tjn pestcnbecn+ Gkihukc cgrnbt gkvnstmnkts jevn nxbnncnc thtel egchws sgkbn 900>, ekc gk 9055 tjny sthhc et R# 26+7 igllghk nqugvelnkt th 9+3. h dlhiel hws+94 Tjgln tjn bhktgknkt meyjevn innk e bhmperetgvnly pnrgpjnrel rndghk gk tjntrekshrmetghks tjet jevn hbburrnc gk tjn dlhiel nbhkhmy hvnr

tjn pest twh cnbecns, e drhwgkd kuminr h vhgbns gk bhrphretnekc ekelytgbel bgrblns rnbhdkgzns tjet Ergbek merants jevnsnrghus uturn gkvnstmnkt phtnktgel+

Tjgln ebakhwlncdgkd tjn meky bjellnkdns tjet stgll knnc th inhvnrbhmn th nnbtgvnly mhiglgzn rnshurbns thwercs ecvekbgkdtjn shbgh-nbhkhmgb hionbtgvns h e vnry cgvnrsn snt h ketghks, ekhtgbneiln snksn h Ergbek nbhkhmgb cykemgsm supphrts tjgsphsgtgvn pnrbnptghk+ Rnvnrel cnvnlhpmnkts jevn regsnc tjnprhfln h ek gmphrtekt kuminr h Ergbek bhuktrgns es prhmgsgkdgkvnstmnkt cnstgketghks+


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Fhrngdk Cgrnbt Gkvnstmnkt es e Any Crgvnr fhr Srecn, Drhwtj ekc Prhspnrgty? Sjn Besn fhr e Multgletnrel Edrnnmnkt hk Gkvnstmnkt5:

Sjn frst subj cnvnlhpmnkt gs repgc DCP drhwtj+ Bhktgknkt-wgcnhutput nxpekcnc iy >. gk 9059, ekc hvnr jel h Rui-RejerekErgbes 3: bhuktrgns ern hrnbest th drhw eihvn tjet retn gk tjnbhmgkd yners+9: Eltjhudj tjgs upwerc trnkc rhm ek ecmgttnclylhw iesn seys khtjgkd eihut tjn quelgty hr sustegkeiglgty hdrhwtj, gt prhmptnc tjn Fgkekbgel Sgmns th gcnktgy Ergbes rhecth prhspnrgty es hkn h tjn meranc irgdjt sphts gk tjn whrlcnbhkhmy gk ek nkc-h-yner ncgthrgel+97 E snbhkc khteiln

nlnmnkt gs tjn mebrhnbhkhmgb rnsglgnkbn cnmhkstretnc iymeky Ergbek ketghks hllhwgkd tjn fkekbgel brgsgs ekc tjnsuisnqunkt cnprnssnc cnmekc rhm trecgtghkel nxphrt merantsgk Nurhpn ekc tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns+ Sjgs rnsglgnkbn gs pnrbngvnc estjn bhksnqunkbn h prucnkt nbhkhmgb mekednmnkt ekcdrnetnr phlgtgbel steiglgty, es wnll es Bjgkes gktnksgygkdnkdednmnkt wgtj tjn bhktgknkt es e bhmmhcgty gmphrtnr ekclerdn-sbeln gkvnsthr nspnbgelly gk gkrestrubturn+ Cnmhdrepjgbshnr e tjgrc bhmphknkt h Rui-Rejerek Ergbes gkjnrnktphtnktgel+ Rnvnkty pnrbnkt h tjn phpuletghk gs ukcnr tjn edn h9>, ekc tjn rndghk wgll nkohy e evhureiln cnpnkcnkby retgh hrcnmhdrepjgb cgvgcnkc hvnr tjn bhmgkd dnknretghk+ Sjgsprhvgcns e drnet hpphrtukgty g bepgtelgznc uphk tjrhudjnmplhymnkt brnetghk ekc irhec-iesnc drhwtj+ Sjnsn yhukdekc gkbrnesgkdly uriek bgtgznks wgll elsh in rnsphksgvn th tjnphssgiglgtgns mecn evegleiln iy tjn rgsn h tnlnbhmmukgbetghksekc gkhrmetghk tnbjkhlhdy tjet gs teagkd jhlc ebrhss tjnbhktgknkt+ Fgkelly, tjn phlgtgbel prhbnss h rndulethry rnhrm jesdegknc mhmnktum gk meky Ergbek ketghks, wgtj phlgby nhrtsterdntnc et strnkdtjnkgkd chmnstgb iusgknss nkvgrhkmnkts ekcgkvnstmnkt remnwhras+ Tgtjgk tjnsn irhecly nkbhuredgkdcykemgbs, e dnknrel snt h bjellnkdns gk tjn bhktnxt hgktnrketghkel trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt gs whrtj jgdjlgdjtgkd+

Tjgln Rui-Rejerek Ergbe knncs th ettrebt gkvnstmnkt ekceishri tnbjkhlhdgbel ekc mekednrgel akhw-jhw gk vgrtuellynvnry snbthr rhm edrgbulturn th mekuebturgkd, snrvgbns ekcgkrestrubturn cnvnlhpmnkt tjn dlhiel merant hr FCG gs judnlybhmpntgtgvn, ekc gkvnsthrs jevn inbhmn jgdjly snksgtgvn thphlgtgbel ekc mebrhnbhkhmgb gksteiglgty+ Cnspgtn lhw wedns, hrnxempln, tjn rndghk jes lerdnly innk iypessnc iy tjn sjgtgkddnhdrepjy h nfbgnkby-snnagkd gkvnstmnkts gk dlhielprhcubtghk bjegks gk leihur-gktnksgvn mekuebturgkd, cun th phhrlnvnls h prhcubtgvgty ekc bhmpntgtgvnknss+ Furtjnrmhrn, wjglntjnrn gs mhuktgkd nvgcnkbn tjet dlhiel frms ern khw lhhagkd thtep gkth rgsgkd Ergbek bhksumnr eunkbn,20 mhst Ergbekketghks, wgtj tjn nxbnptghk h Rhutj Ergbe ekc Kgdnrge, rnmegket e cgsecvektedn bhmpernc th htjnr est-drhwgkd rndghks wgtjrnspnbt th merant-snnagkd gkbnktgvns, hwgkd th kerrhw merantsekc wnea rndghkel gktndretghk+ Ynknwnc nhrts wgtjgk tjn NestErgbek Bhmmukgty ekc tjn Rhutj Ergbek Cnvnlhpmnkt

Bhmmukgty th strnkdtjnk gktndretghk cykemgbs bek ineppleucnc gk tjgs lgdjt+ Ekc nvnk tjhudj Ergbes subbnssns htjn pest cnbecn ern er rhm rnstrgbtnc th bhmmhcgtgns ekcketurel rnshurbns, nxtrebtgvn gkcustrgns bhktgkun th ettrebt knerlyjel h gkihukc gkvnstmnkt hws+

FCG bek snrvn es e phtnkt thhl hr nbhkhmgb cnvnlhpmnkt ekcphvnrty rncubtghk gk Rui-Rejerek Ergbe mhst khteily tjrhudjnmplhymnkt brnetghk, akhwlncdn treksnr ekc cgvnrsgfbetghk huth lhw-velun, rnshurbn-iesnc prhcubtghk+ Meky bhuktrgns gkErgbe jevn tjn bepebgty th ettrebt gkbrnesnc hws h prgvetnbepgtel rhm ihtj cnvnlhpnc ekc nmnrdgkd ketghks+ Ynepgkd tjncgvgcnkcs h tjnsn gkvnstmnkts wgll rnqugrn nsteilgsjgkdprhcubtgvn merant-stetn rnletghks tjet elgdk nbhkhmgb, shbgel ekc

nkvgrhkmnktel hionbtgvns+

Sjnrn ern e nw prhmgsgkd ekc cgvnrsn nxemplns rhm Ergbesshutjnrk bhkn+ Fhr nxempln, Mhzemigqun gs nkdednc gk eprhbnss h trhpgbel edrgbulturel cnvnlhpmnkt wgtj Irezglgek ekcOepeknsn gkvnstmnkts tjet bhulc hnr sgdkgfbekt lhkd-tnrmrnwercs+ Lganwgsn, Rhutj Ergbe jes subbnssully hpnkncrnknweiln nknrdy tnkcnrs hr gkcnpnkcnkt phwnr prhcubnrswgtj tjn pertgbgpetghk h Nurhpnek ekc Gkcgek pertknrs, emhkdhtjnrs+ Ihtsweke bek in brncgtnc wgtj ek gmpnrnbt, ynt

bhmmnkceiln, rnbhrc h dhvnrkekbn ekc phvnrty rncubtghk gkgts cgemhkc-lnc nbhkhmy+ Ekc Lnshtjh gs bepgtelgzgkd hk ^RErgbek Drhwtj ekc Hpphrtukgty Ebt prnnrnkbns th ettrebtbepgtel th gts vgdhrhus tnxtgln ekc blhtjgkd gkcustry+ Meurgtgus jeselsh drecuelly cnvnlhpnc gkth e rndghkel snrvgbns jui hk tjnieba h e stretndy hrgdgkelly iesnc hk tjn nsteilgsjmnkt h RN_stjet betnr th leihur-gktnksgvn eppernl mekuebturn+

Sjn nxempln h Meurgtgus mnrgts ettnktghk gk lgdjt h tjn jgsthrgbelgmphrtekbn h tjn tnxtgln gkcustry es e rhutn th nbhkhmgbcnvnlhpmnkt ekc strubturel trekshrmetghk tjrhudj lhw-wednnmplhymnkt brnetghk+ Rui-Rejerek Ergbes tnxtgln gkcustry jessunrnc gmmnksnly rhm Esgek bhmpntgtghk hvnr tjn pestcnbecn+ Prhcubtghk jes cnblgknc, iusgknssns jevn blhsnc ekc

ohis jevn innk sjnc+ Lhw-gkbhmn Mecedesber gs e besn gkphgkt+ Es wedn prnssurns gk Bjgke ekc Esge bhktgkun th gktnksgygk tjn bhmgkd yners, tjnrn gs kh rneshk wjy Ergbek ketghkssjhulc kht crew rnknwnc gktnrnst rhm any crgvnrs gk ek gkcustrywgtj jgdjly redmnktnc dlhiel prhcubtghk kntwhras+ Sh ettrebthrngdk gkvnstmnkt, Ergbek bhuktrgns sjhulc kerrhw sagll depsekc lhdgstgbel ihttlnknbas, ekc brnetn steiln nkvgrhkmnkts tjetgkbnktgvgzn gkwerc gkvnstmnkt gk leihur-gktnksgvn prhcubtghk+Rtretndgns wgll cgnr, ekc mey rnly gk tjn sjhrt th mncgum tnrm hkgkcubnmnkts hukc gk gkcustrgel hr nxphrt prhbnssgkd zhkns+ Wntrnbnkt nxpnrgnkbn gk Esge suddnsts tjet, dgvnk e mgkgmum lnvnlh phlgby hrnsgdjt ekc bepeiln nbhkhmgb lnecnrsjgp, tjnrn gs esuistektgel phtnktgel hr iusgknss cnvnlhpmnkt, prhcubtgvgtydegks ekc ohi brnetghk gk tjn tnxtgln gkcustry+

Nksurgkd tjet gkihukc FCG hws ebt es e shurbn h gkblusgvn ekcsustegkeiln drhwtj gk Rui-Rejerek Ergbe, jhwnvnr, bells hrshmn prnbeutghkery rnmeras+ Gk chmnstgb nkvgrhkmnkts tjet ernhtnk bjerebtnrgznc iy wnea gkstgtutghks, shmn cndrnn hbhrruptghk ekc lgmgtnc ecmgkgstretgvn bepebgty, tjnrn gs e rgsa tjetshbgel ekc nkvgrhkmnktel rnduletghks wgll in ukcnrmgknc thebbhmmhcetn gkvnsthrs hr dlhiel shurbgkd errekdnmnkts+ Sjncnetj iy frn h hvnr 700 tnxtgln whranrs gk Cjeae gk Khvnminr9059 cun th ukebbnpteiln whragkd ekc senty stekcercs gs etredgb rnmgkcnr h tjn sjhrtbuts tjet bek in teank th ebjgnvndlhiel nfbgnkby degks+ Gktnrketghkel bhmpekgns jevn ernsphksgiglgty th mhvn inyhkc mgkgmum lnvnls h bhmplgekbn thsenduerc tjn shbgel ekc nkvgrhkmnktel gktndrgty h tjngrgkvnstmnkts ekc supply bjegk stretndgns+ Ekhtjnr phgkt th inbhksgcnrnc rhm ek gkvnstmnkt phlgby ekc dhvnrkekbnpnrspnbtgvn gs tjet tnbjkhlhdgbel treksnrs ekc akhwlncdnspgllhvnrs tjet ern htnk esshbgetnc wgtj FCG ekc DVBs ern khteuthmetgb+25 ^pdrecgkd th jgdjnr-velun ebtgvgtgns bek in ebjellnkdn hr meky Ergbek ketghks, ekc wgll werrekt phlgbyecoustmnkts iesnc hk chmnstgb spnbgfbgtgns ekc ketghkelhionbtgvns+

Gk bhkblusghk, prhdrnss ebrhss tjn Ergbek bhktgknkt hvnr tjnpest cnbecn jes kht innk ukghrm, iut meky ketghks ernbrnetgkd tjn bhkcgtghks th nkjekbn tjngr pertgbgpetghk gkgktnrketghkel trecn ekc gkvnstmnkt hws gk dhhcs ekc snrvgbns+Sjgs hpphrtukgty must in sngznc+


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> Frhm Ierrgnrs th Febglgtetghkth Gkbnktgvns Cgnrnkt

Cgsthrtghks h FCG

>+5 Ierrgnrs th FCG? E BhrphretnPnrspnbtgvnAerek Ijetge

Frhm tjn pnrspnbtgvn h e meohr dlhiel gkcustrgel bhmpeky, tjnrnlnvekbn h tjn rulns dhvnrkgkd hrngdk gkvnstmnkt jesgkbrnesnc cremetgbelly+29 Hkbn lerdnly grrnlnvekt thmekuebturgkd bhmpekgns tjet ern hbusnc prgkbgpelly hk jhmnmerants, thcey tjn rulns dhvnrkgkd wjnk, wjnrn ekc jhw ebhmpeky bek gkvnst eirhec ern gkbrnesgkdly brgtgbel th iusgknssbhmpntgtgvnknss+

Sjgs knwhukc hbus hk gkvnstmnkt gs cun gk pert th tjn sjgtgkdielekbn h phwnr gk tjn dlhiel nbhkhmy+ Es bhmpekgnsgkbrnesgkdly lhha hutsgcn tjngr ihrcnrs hr drhwtj, ell h tjn rulnsdhvnrkgkd ebtgvgtgns iy hrngdk-jnecquertnrnc bhmpekgns gkblucgkd tjhsn dhvnrkgkd gkvnstmnkt inbhmn gkbrnesgkdlyrnlnvekt+ Iut tjgs knw hbus hk gkvnstmnkt gs elsh ettrgiuteiln th

e bjekdn gk jhw bhmpekgns snna th gkkhvetn, mekuebturn, snllekc snrvgbn tjngr prhcubts+

Sjgrty yners edh, tjn iula h trecn hbburrnc ukcnr e iuglc-gt-jnrn, snll-gt-tjnrn mhcnl+ Dnknrel Nlnbtrgb *DN', hr nxempln,whulc cnsgdk, shurbn ekc iuglc gts gkcustrgel prhcubts gk hknbhuktry mhst htnk tjn ^kgtnc Rtetns ekc snna th snll tjnmerhukc tjn whrlc+ Tgtj e nw nxbnptghks, DN gkvnstmnkts gkmhst bhuktrgns eirhec bhksgstnc h e nw hfbns tjet prgkbgpellyjhusnc e selns hrbn+ Kht surprgsgkdly, tjnsn bhmpekgns wnrn ermhrn bhkbnrknc wgtj trecgtghkel trecn rulns tergs ekcquhtes, hr nxempln tjek tjn erbekn rulns dhvnrkgkd hrngdkgkvnstmnkt+

Fgtnnk yners edh, tjn mhcnl indek th bjekdn, es subjbhmpekgns indek nxpnrgmnktgkd wgtj gk-bhuktry-hr-bhuktry*GBFB' prhcubtghk mhcnls+ Tjgln tjn dhhcs tjnmsnlvns meyjevn innk cnsgdknc gk jhmn merants, verghus nlnmnkts hmekuebturgkd ekc essnmily jeppnknc lhbelly, ekc tjnbhmpekgns gkbrnesgkdly shudjt th utglgzn lhbel supply bjegkswjnrn phssgiln+ Gk tjgs GBFB mhcnl, gkvnstmnkt rulns inbemnmhrn blnerly rnlnvekt, es tjny htnk cgbtetnc jhw hr wjnrn lhbelprhcubtghk bhulc in nsteilgsjnc+ Iut meky dhvnrkmnkts ekxghus hr tjn ohis ekc tnbjkhlhdy tjet GBFB prhdremmnsprhmgsnc typgbelly gmphsnc e smell kuminr h rnstrgbtghks hrbhkcgtghks tjet wnrn qugtn mekedneiln+

Gkcustry thcey gs treksgtghkgkd ynt edegk tjgs tgmn th ek gk-tjn-whrlc, hr-tjn-whrlc mhcnl h prhcubtghk, es nxplegknc iyIelcwgk gk Rnbtghk 2+ Gk sjhrt, tjgs gs e whrlc h DVBs gk wjgbjbhmpekgns wgll gkkhvetn, shurbn, prhcubn ekc snrvgbn gk edlhielly gktndretnc mekknr+ Crgvnk iy e bhmmnrbgel gmpnretgvn th

in blhsnr th tjngr busthmnrs ekc egcnc iy inttnr lhdgstgbs,uigqugthus bhmmukgbetghks, jumek rnshurbns tjet erngkbrnesgkdly bhmhrteiln whragkd dlhielly, shpjgstgbetncshurbgkd hpnretghks ekc e knw nmpjesgs hk bultureleceptgvnknss bhmpekgns lgan DN gkbrnesgkdly nxemgkn nvnrybhuktry es e phtnktgel plebn th gkkhvetn, mekuebturn ekcsnrvgbn dhhcs+

Tgtj tjgs knw prhcubtghk mhcnl, tjn rulns dhvnrkgkd hrngdkgkvnstmnkt jevn inbhmn ek gkbrnesgkdly gmphrtekt ekc gkshmn besns, cntnrmgketgvn ebthr gk cnbgcgkd wjnrn ekc jhwgkvnstmnkt hbburs+ Sjn rulns enbtgkd gkvnstmnkt jevn, gk nnbt,inbhmn tjn rulns h gktnrketghkel trecn+

Lnt th merant hrbns elhkn, hur ebthrs sjhulc prgkbgpelly sjepngkvnstmnkt cnbgsghks? sgzn h merant1 quelgty h tjn nkeilgkdpjysgbel gkrestrubturn1 quelgty h tjn jumek gkrestrubturn1 ekctjn rndulethry ekc lndel nkvgrhkmnkt *gkblucgkd, gmphrtektly, tjnstrnkdtj h ruln h lew gk tjn bhuktry'+ Sjnsn ebthrs sjhulc crgvndhvnrkmnkts tjet ern snnagkd hrngdk gkvnstmnkt th pursunshukc fsbel ekc mhkntery phlgbgns, gkvnst gk tjngr pnhpln*jneltjbern, ncubetghk, ntb+', gkvnst gk gkrestrubturn, ekc iuglccureiln ekc trekspernkt phlgtgbel, lndel ekc oucgbgel gkstgtutghks+

Srhuilgkdly, sgkbn tjn dlhiel fkekbgel brgsgs, ek gkbrnesgkdkuminr h lews, phlgbgns ekc prebtgbns snna th cgsthrt gkvnstmnktcnbgsghks ekc, nnbtgvnly, sanw gktnrketghkel trecn+ Sjnsnphlgbgns ern echptnc hr tjn snnmgkdly inkgdk purphsn hsupphrtgkd ohis ekc nbhkhmgb cnvnlhpmnkt, iut tjny usnmneks tjet kht hkly ern blnerly gllndgtgmetn ukcnr nsteilgsjnctrecn rulns, iut ern elsh nbhkhmgbelly ukshukc ekc ultgmetnlyjgkcnr nbhkhmgb cnvnlhpmnkt+ Sjnsn phlgbgns gktrhcubncgsthrtghks gkth dlhiel bepgtel ekc trecn hws tjet rgsa rnbgprhbelebtghk iy htjnr bhuktrgns, ekc ygnlc nbhkhmgbelly sui-hptgmelhutbhmns+


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Meky h tjn gkvnstmnkt-cgsthrtgkd rulns ekc bhkcgtghks tjetmultgketghkel bhmpekgns ern bhkrhktgkd erhukc tjn whrlc ellgkth hkn h tjn hllhwgkd betndhrgns?

5+ Yulns hr prebtgbns tjet prnblucn hr bep FCG gk bnrtegk snbthrs+Tjgln meky bhuktrgns jevn lhkd gmphsnc rnstrgbtghks hk FCGgk bnrtegk snbthrs hr rneshks h ketghkel snburgty, ekc shmnjevn jec ilekant prnblusghks h gkvnstmnkt gk bnrtegkstretndgb snbthrs, tjn rnbnkt prebtgbn h puilgsjgkd cnteglncgkvnstmnkt betelhduns means blner tjet gkvnstmnkt phlgby gsingkd gkbrnesgkdly utglgznc th prhtnbt bnrtegk snbthrs hrketghkel bjempghks+

9+ Yulns hr prebtgbns tjet bhkstregk fhws h bepgtel, tnbjkhlhdy,pnhpln hr htjnr rnshurbns knncnc th nsteilgsj vgeiln,bhmpntgtgvn hpnretghks gk bhuktry+E kuminr h bhuktrgnskhmgkelly pnrmgt FCG, iut gmphsn bhkcgtghks hk htjnriusgknss hpnretghks *n+d+ bep tjn kuminr h whra pnrmgtsehrcnc th brgtgbel hrngdk nmplhynns, hr lgmgt bepgtel gkhws'tjet nnbtgvnly ier gkvnstmnkt hr pnrmgt gt hkly gk urtjnrekbnh ketghkel gkcustrgel phlgby+

2+ Yulns hr prebtgbns tjet bhkcgtghk gkvnstmnkt hk bhmmgtmnkts

th treksnr tnbjkhlhdy hr ukcnrtean htjnr ebtghks tjet tjngkvnsthr whulc kht htjnrwgsn berry hut+ Dhvnrkmnkts htnkbhkcgtghk gkvnstmnkt epprhvels hk treksnrrgkd tnbjkhlhdy thlhbel ohgkt vnkturn pertknrs hr htjnrs, edegk htnk gk snrvgbn hketghkel gkcustrgel phlgbgns+ Ru

Foreign Direct Investment as a Key Driver for Trade, Growth and Prosperity

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