Ford Sustainbility Challenges

Ford Sustainbility Challenges

Mike Tamor

Executive Technical Leader, HEV&FCV TechnologyFord Research & Advanced Engineering

Mike Tamor

Executive Technical Leader, HEV&FCV TechnologyFord Research & Advanced Engineering

Two ‘Legs’ of Sustainable Personal Transportation

• Use Less Fuel– Reduce Gross Energy Consumption

• Weight, friction, aerodynamics, auxiliary loads– Increase Instantaneous Powertrain Efficiency

• Advanced Combustion (eco-boost, HCCI …)• Improved Driveline (dual-clutch transmission …)

– Increase Average Powertrain Efficiency• HEV Powertain Electrification

• Use Renewable Fuel– Renewable Chemical Fuel

• Alternative Source of Fuel Does Not Equate to Alternative Chemistry of Fuel

– Renewable Electricity Fuel Electrification

Requirements for Transportation Fuel

‘Renewable’ or not, hydrogen (H2) and hydrocarbon (HC) are the only suitable chemical carriers for transportation energy.

Use Series HEV for ‘Fuel Arbitrage’

Today’s Grid & Future HEV P/T in Today’s Platform*

0.33 kWhe/mile0.200 kWh/km

Coal: 211 g/kmNat. Gas:127 g/kmUS Avg.: 130 g/km

SR-NG: 116 g/kmElectrolysis: 344 g/km

41 mpg

Includes Transmission Loss

Includes Refining

62 mpg

*transitional scenario measures impact of new vehicle technology with today’s energy infrastructure.

Oil: 145 g/kmNG: 114 g/kmSR-NG: 173 g/kmElectrolysis: 517 g/km

170 g/km today

Highly-optimized Series HEV

Series-HEV as Power Generator vs. the Grid

Conventional Vehicle

Gasoline HEV

Future Coal

Future NG

SRNG-FCV CNG-HEV

EV - Grid Today

EV - SoA Grid

@ 220 Wh/km

Ford Challenges

• Meeting aggressive CAFÉ and CO2 standards without compromising attributes and remaining profitable.– Light-weight material (cost, manufacturing, safety)– Powertrain Electrification

• HEV (cost)• PHEV (cost, cost, cost)• BEV (cost3, range, re-charge time)

• Defining long-term (post-2020) platform and product strategy in face of uncertain CO2 policy and renewable fuel availability.– Is Ethanol the only renewable fuel?– Will CAFÉ be corrected for renewable fuel?– Will electricity be treated as zero-CO2?– How might non-vehicle CO2 emissions be tracked, and what is

anticipated strategic impact?

Thank You!

Crib from Graedeel & Allenby, ‘Industrial Ecology’, 1995

GHG Reduction Vehicle Electrification Increased CO2 from Coal

Energy ‘Independence’ Vehicle Electrification Increased CO2 from Coal Coal-to-Liquids “

GHG Emissions &

Oil Dependence

Be careful what you wish for, Be careful what you wish for, you may receive it.you may receive it.

-- Aesop, The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing-- Aesop, The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing-- Jacobs, “The Monkey’s Paw”, Harpers (1902)-- Jacobs, “The Monkey’s Paw”, Harpers (1902)