Footstep power generating system

FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEM FOR URBAN ENERGY APPLICATION TO RUN AC AND DC

LOADSUnder the guidance of

Mr. DINESH SHETTY B.E, M Tech Asst

professor E&C Dept.

By,

Akshay Kumar NRanith RamachandranAjith K S

AIM:

• Design and implementation of energy harvesting system by converting energy due to human locomotion to usable form

• Done with the help of piezo electric sensor

ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 2

Fig1:footstep Fig2:Street light operation

INTRODUCTION

•Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well-being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago.

•With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. •At last invention of electricity is done, from were all these revolutions were began

ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

(Contd.)

• But as the population increased the energy requirement also increased

• He searched for new method but all was need to be obsolete in front of growing population and technology

• At the same time was energy was wasted in many ways and reconstructing this energy back to usable form was the question


PROBLEM FORMULATION & SOLVING

• As technology is developed use of electronics equipment also increased.

• Conventional methods of power generation becoming insufficient.

• It introduced a new problem, lack of power.• There is a need arises for an alternative power

generation method• At the same time energy is wasted in many form and one

of them is due to the human locomotion


Contd.

• This waste of energy can be converted to usable form using the help of piezo electric sensor

• Piezoelectric sensor is a device which can convert pressure upon it into voltage.

• We know that energy can be neither be created and nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another

• By using this energy conservation theorem and piezo sensor we are proposing a new method for power generation.


LITERATURE REVIEW:

1.Mechatronics (ICOM), 2011 4th International Conference by Fakhzan, M.N.,Muthalif, A.G.A.A beam with piezoceramic patches have been used as a

method to harvest energy.A unimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam generates electric

current or voltage from the piezoelectric strain effect.2.International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research by Anil Kumar Ability of piezoelectric material to couple mechanical and

electrical properties.


When a piezoelectric is strained it produces an electric field.

Piezoelectric materials have long been used as sensors and actuators.

3. Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu Madhav Gopaka International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept 2014, Vol.2Diaphragm movement in certain material will cause

generation of electric chargePressure polarizes some crystals, such as quartz.


Contd.

METHODOLOGY

The working of footstep power generation system involves three distinct phases. Sensor interface and Transducing: Consists array of piezoelectric sensorsKinetic energy is converted into electrical energyProcessing:Here the generated degraded vibrating voltage will be fed to

different blocks of circuit element to get a proper output

Storage:Resultant output will be stored in a battery


FUNCTIONAL PARTITIONING

ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 11Fig3:Block diagram

WORKING When ever pressure is applied on piezoelectric sensor

that pressure is converted into Electrical energy That minute voltage which is stored in the Lead Acid

battery. That voltage is used to drive DC loads. Here we are using PIC16F778 to display the amount of

battery get charged.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

13ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

SENSOR INTERFACE CIRCUIT

14

PIEZO SENSER

PROTECTION SHEET

C1

100 pF

R1

100 k

D1

DIODE

BAT1

9 V

To adc1

vdd


Fig5: sensor interface circuit

PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR

• It is a device converts applied pressure into voltage by detecting the mechanical vibration

• Here an array of 10 piezoelectric sensors are used for generation of power

• The array will produce maximum 9v with 100mA current

• lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and multilayer polyvinylidene fluo- ride (PVDF) are the 2 types of sensor in market

• The voltage from the sensor array is fed to a filter

15 ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

FILTERING OPERATION

• Generally a capacitor is used as filter to remove the AC content in the sensor output and to get pure DC

• A capacitor is a storage device will store voltage for a minute time with charging and discharging phenomenon

• It will acts as short circuit for AC and acts as open circuit for DC

• The filter output is fed to unidirectional current controller


UNIDIRECTIONAL CURRENT CONTROLLER

• General examples for unidirectional current controllers are Diodes and Thyristors.

• They will make the current flow in one direction by conducting to only one side

• Here it is used to prevent the flow of current back to piezoelectric sensor

• This voltage is then fed to the Battery for storing and Voltage divider circuit to provide reference voltage to LCD


LEAD ACID BATTERY

• A Battery is an array of electrochemical cell for electricity storage

• Here we are using a Lead acid battery to store the voltage generated by the sensor circuit

• Here three 4v batteries are connected in series so that it can hold 12v.


VOLTAGE DIVIDER CIRCUIT

Voltage divider is a passive linear circuit that produces an o/p voltage that is fraction of an I /p voltage.

Here we can’t apply 12v directly to the microcontroller so that it divide by using voltage divider circuit.


DISPLAY INTERFACE

20 ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation SystemFig5:display interface

PIC16F877 MICROCONTROLLER

• Microcontroller is chip is burned with firmware to achieve a specific task

• Here PIC16F877 is used for displaying purpose• Some of it’s pins functions are,

ADC0,ADC1 are used to display the voltage16MHz crystal is used to generate oscillating

frequencyRS pin is used to select the registerEnable pin is used to enable the write operationRC0-RC7 pins are used as parallel portsPin VEE is used to adjust the contrast of display 21


LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

• Here a 16*2 Display is used to display the voltage status of power generation circuit

• It is also provided with a contrast adjusting pin


Fig6: 16x2 LCD

23

start

Initialize LCD and ADC

Display welcome message

If charging

Display battery charge full Display charging

if sw==1

Display on chargeDisplay mobile charger OFF

ADC Read

Display voltage

FLOWCHART OF DISPLAY CODE

NO YES

NO YES


RESULT

A power harvesting system is designed and implemented using piezo sensor and voltage is harvested from the pressure applied

Also the voltage status displayed using LCD

ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT fig8: result on display Footstep Power Generation System 24

ADVANTAGES

• Echo friendly• Reduction in waste of energy• Less maintenance cost • Ultra low noise • Wide dynamic range • Wide temperature range • An alternate way for power generation


LIMITATIONS

• Sensor array will produce minute power at a time

• Unavailability of sensors in market• Since physically week they need protective

sheets

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APPLICATIONS

The generated power can be used for mobile charging, street lightning and other applications

It can be used in emergency power failure situations.Application areas mainly involves Metros,

street,temples,railway station and other crowded areas

ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT fig 9:applications Footstep Power Generation System 27

FUTURE SCOPE

28

FUTURE SCOPE


REFERENCE[1] Vibration Based Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Material, M.N. Fakhzan, Asan G.A. Muthalif, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia[2]Handley, Kevin. “Energy Harvester: Converts Low-Level Vibrations into Usable Energy.” Ferro Solutions Corp. [3]Shenck, Nathan S. and Joseph A. Paradiso. Energy Scavenging with Shoe-Mounted Piezoelectrics. MIT Media Laboratory, Responsive Environments Group.[4]Electrical Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Crystal Anil KumarInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 5, May-2011[5] Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu Madhav Gopaka International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept 2014, Vol.2

Footstep power generating system

Engineering

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