Food Type Carbohydrate Fat Protein Sugars Use Long term energy Protecting organs and long term...
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Transcript of Food Type Carbohydrate Fat Protein Sugars Use Long term energy Protecting organs and long term...
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Food
Type
• Carbohydrate
• Fat
• Protein
• Sugars
Use
• Long term energy
• Protecting organs and long term energy store
• Making muscle, enzymes, skin, hair
• Fast energy
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Food tests
Food type
• Protein
• Sugar
• Fat
• Carbohydrate
Test
• Biuret turns purple if protein is present
• Benedicts turns from blue to red/brown if sugar is present
• Greaseproof paper gets an oily residue
• Iodine turns blue/black if starch is present
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Carnivore
• Only eats meat– E.g. Spider, lion
• Its survival is dependent on finding and catching prey
Top predator – Nothing eats him!
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Carnivore Teeth Adaptation
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Herbivore
• Only eats plants– E.g. Cow, aphid
• Depends on a large supply of plant matter.
• Longer gut as less energy available in their food.
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Herbivore Teeth Adaptation
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Omnivore
• Eats a mixture of plants and animals– E.g. Pigs, humans
• Increased chance of survival as they are not restricted to one diet.
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Decomposers
• Breaks down and recycles dead material.– E.g. Bacteria, fungi
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Primary Producers (Plants)
• Plants can make their own food using– Sunlight– Chlorophyll– Water– Carbon dioxide
• How are all the consumers and producers linked?
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Definitions
• Trophic level
• Producer
• Consumer
– feeding group in food chain (eg Herbivore)
– makes own food
– eats other organisms for food
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Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Fish
Shark
Label the trophic levels as herbivore, carnivore, producer, top predator. Indicate which are consumers.
Top Predator
Carnivore
Herbivore
Producer
Consumers Food Chain
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http://www.mindfully.org/Food/Food-Web.gif&imgrefurl
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Food Chains
• Food chains describe how organisms gain______ from eating each other in a community.
• Plants are called _______ because they make glucose using energy from the ______
• _________ must eat other organisms for their _______ and nutrients.
Producers
Sun
Consumers
Energy
Food
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Energy PyramidsOnly about 10% of energy passed on between trophic levels
Few Carnivores
More Herbivores
All supported by energy from producers
Most is lost through the organisms living processes
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The Digestive System
• Mouth• Oesophagus• Stomach• Small Intestine• Liver• Large Intestine• Gall Bladder• Pancreas• Rectum• Anus
Let’s find out what happened to your breakfast today!
(Breaking food down into smaller pieces)
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Mouth• Teeth
(mechanical breakdown)– Incisors used for cutting
– Canines used for stabbing and holding
– Molars large surface area used for grinding
• Saliva
(chemical breakdown)– Enzyme (speeds up
reactions in the body)
– Breaks down carbohydrate
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Oesophagus
• Approximately 25cm long
• Moves food from the throat to the stomach– Muscle movement
called peristalsis
• If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn.
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Stomach
• Stores the food you eat
• Chemically breaks it down into tiny pieces
• Mixes food with digestive juices
• Acid in the stomach kills bacteria
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Small Intestine
• Small intestines are roughly 6 metres long.
• Enzymes and bile are added.
• Villi increase the surface area to help absorbtion.
• Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.
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Liver
• Directly affects digestion by producing bile– Bile is an enzyme that
helps dissolve fat
• Processes nutrients in the blood, filters out toxins and waste.
• Is often called the body’s energy factory
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Gall Bladder
• Stores bile from the liver
• Delivers bile when food is digested
• Fatty diets can cause gallstones
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Pancreas
• Produces compounds to digest fats and proteins
• Neutralizes acids that enter small intestine
• Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
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Large Intestine
• About 1.5 metres long• Accepts what small
intestines don’t absorb.
• Absorbs water and minerals from the waste matter.
• Absorption means taking into the body via the blood stream.
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Rectum and Anus
• Rectum– About 15cm long– Stores waste
before egestion.
• Anus– Muscular ring that
controls egestion.
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Write the name of each colored organ:
• Green:• Red:• Pink:• Brown:• Purple:• Green:• Yellow:
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Answers
• Green: Oesophagus• Red: Stomach• Pink: Small Intestine• Brown: Large Intestine• Purple: Liver• Green: Gall Bladder• Yellow: Pancreas
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Cells
• Cells are the building blocks of life
All cells have the following in common:
•Nucleus
•Cytoplasm
•Mitochondria
•Cell membrane
Plant cells also have a cell wall and chloroplasts
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Function of cell organelles
• Nucleus – largest organelle– control centre– Instructions for the whole body
• Cell membrane– Controls the entry and exit of material
• Cytoplasm– Liquid containing cell parts and nutrients
• Mitochondria– Powerhouse (burns energy from food)
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ENERGY
Turning food into energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +
•Respiration is the conversion of glucose into energy
•Glucose is “burnt” with oxygen
•It takes place in the Mitochondria
Oxygen
ENERGY
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
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Circulatory SystemWhat is it for ?
We need 2 pumps because 1 would not have enough energy to push blood through the lungs and then around the body.
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Anatomy of the Heart
• Oxygenated blood– To the body
• LHS thicker
• Deoxygenated blood– To the lungs
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Blood Vessels
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Structure of Arteries
• Oxygenated blood leaving heart
• High pressure
• Thick muscular walls
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Structure of Capillaries
• Carry blood to cells– Remove waste– Deliver oxygen– Deliver food
• Single file r.b.c.
• Very thin walls (single cell thick)
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Structure of Veins
• Deoxygenated blood returning to heart
• Thin walls• Low pressure• Valves – allow flow of
blood in one direction• Muscle contraction
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Blood• Plasma
– Liquid carries other components
– Nutrients– Waste like carbon dioxide
• Red Blood Cells– Carry oxygen and carbon
dioxide
• White Blood Cells– Fight disease
• Platelets– Clotting
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Made By
• Hussain Ashoor • Mahdi Harake