Food Technology Nanoscience Apps.pdf

8/12/2019 Food Technology Nanoscience Apps.pdf

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NANOTECHNOLOGY:NANOTECHNOLOGY:Introduction and FoodIntroduction and Food

ApplicationsApplications

Dr. MagnusonDr. Magnuson

[email protected]@umd.edu

301301--405405--45234523

What is Nanotechnology?What is Nanotechnology?

Research and technology development at theResearch and technology development at the

atomic or macromolecular levels, in the lengthatomic or macromolecular levels, in the length

scale of approximately 1scale of approximately 1--100 nm range.100 nm range.

Creating and using structures, devices andCreating and using structures, devices and

systems that have novel properties andsystems that have novel properties and

functions because of their small or intermediatefunctions because of their small or intermediate

size.size.

Ability to control or manipulate on the atomicAbility to control or manipulate on the atomic

scalescale

The Scale of ThingsThe Scale of Things

1 nm1 nmAspirin moleculeAspirin molecule

2.5 nm2.5 nmWidth of DNAWidth of DNA

100 nm100 nmVirusVirus

1,000 nm1,000 nmBacteriumBacterium

7,000 nm7,000 nmRed blood cellRed blood cell

50,000 nm50,000 nmWidth of hairWidth of hair

SizeSizeObjectObject


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NanotechnologyNanotechnology

DefinitionDefinition

the manipulation, precisionthe manipulation, precision

placement, measurement,placement, measurement,

modeling, or manufacture of submodeling, or manufacture of sub--

100 nanometer scale matter100 nanometer scale matter

European Commission, 2001European Commission, 2001


ImportanceImportanceAt theAt the nanoscalenanoscale, the physical, chemical,, the physical, chemical,

and biological properties of materials differand biological properties of materials differ

in fundamental and valuable ways from thein fundamental and valuable ways from the

properties of individual atoms andproperties of individual atoms and

molecules and of bulk matter.molecules and of bulk matter.

National Nanotechnology InitiativeNational Nanotechnology Initiativehttp://http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/whatIsNano.htmlwww.nano.gov/html/facts/whatIsNano.html


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Fundamental DifferencesFundamental Differences

AtAt NanoscaleNanoscaleGoldGold

Is blue (no longer yellow)Is blue (no longer yellow)

It becomes catalyticIt becomes catalytic

MP drops from 1200 degrees to 200MP drops from 1200 degrees to 200

degreesdegrees

Aluminum becomes combustibleAluminum becomes combustible


DefinitionDefinition

Its like you can shrink a cat andIts like you can shrink a cat and

keep shrinking it, and then atkeep shrinking it, and then at

some point, all at once it turnssome point, all at once it turns

into a dog.into a dog.

National Geographic, June 2006National Geographic, June 2006

NanomaterialsNanomaterialsMultifunctional materials that interact with biologicalMultifunctional materials that interact with biologicalsystems in well controlled wayssystems in well controlled ways

Broad class of materials that feed into multiple industries.Broad class of materials that feed into multiple industries.

Exhibit unique properties and functions because of theirExhibit unique properties and functions because of theirsmall size.small size.

Include such structures as:Include such structures as: Carbon nanostructuresCarbon nanostructures

DendrimersDendrimers

Metal oxides (Metal oxides (FeOFeO, TiO2,, TiO2, ZnOZnO))

Quantum dots (Quantum dots (CdSeCdSe))

SomeSome liposomesliposomes


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Carbon NanostructuresCarbon Nanostructures

Source of pure carbon (like graphite andSource of pure carbon (like graphite anddiamond).diamond).

Based on fullerene molecules which are closedBased on fullerene molecules which are closedand convex cage molecules containing onlyand convex cage molecules containing onlyhexagonal and pentagonal faces.hexagonal and pentagonal faces.

Examples of carbon nanostructures:Examples of carbon nanostructures: BuckyballsBuckyballs

NanotubesNanotubes

NanowiresNanowires

NanowhiskersNanowhiskers

CarbonCarbon NanotubesNanotubes andand BuckyballsBuckyballs

CarbonCarbon nanotubesnanotubes

elongated fullerenes.elongated fullerenes.

resemble graphite sheetsresemble graphite sheetswrapped into cylinderswrapped into cylinders

Length to width ratio is veryLength to width ratio is veryhigh (few nm in diameter andhigh (few nm in diameter andup to 1 mm in length)up to 1 mm in length)

BuckyballsBuckyballs

spherical fullerenes (C60 isspherical fullerenes (C60 is

most stable and symmetricalmost stable and symmetricaland resembles a soccer ball).and resembles a soccer ball).

named after architect R.named after architect R.Buckminster Fuller .Buckminster Fuller .

1996 Nobel prize in Chemistry1996 Nobel prize in Chemistryawarded for their discovery.awarded for their discovery.

Some Properties of CarbonSome Properties of Carbon

NanostructuresNanostructures

High tensile strengthHigh tensile strength

Physically stablePhysically stable

Chemically reactive with free radicalsChemically reactive with free radicals

Derivatives can be formedDerivatives can be formed

More hydrophilic than fullerenesMore hydrophilic than fullerenes

New organic molecules can be generatedNew organic molecules can be generated

Other atoms can be placed inside itsOther atoms can be placed inside its cagecage

(doping with alkali metals)(doping with alkali metals)

Superconducting propertiesSuperconducting properties

Optical properties (Optical properties (endohedralendohedral fullerenes)fullerenes)


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SeveralSeveral NanocarbonNanocarbon StructuresStructures

Possible Applications in DrugPossible Applications in Drug

DevelopmentDevelopment

BiologicBiologic nanodevicesnanodevices

based onbased on dendrimersdendrimers areare

being developed with thebeing developed with the

potential to :potential to :

Recognize Cancer cellsRecognize Cancer cells

Diagnose cause of cancerDiagnose cause of cancer

Delivery of drug to targetDelivery of drug to target

Report location of tumorReport location of tumor Report outcome of therapyReport outcome of therapy

(cancer cell death)(cancer cell death)

((http://http://www.nano.med.umich.eduwww.nano.med.umich.edu,,

James Baker, Univ. of Michigan)James Baker, Univ. of Michigan)

Potential uses/benefitsPotential uses/benefits

Improved uptake of poorlyImproved uptake of poorly bioavailablebioavailable

nutrients or bioactive food compoundsnutrients or bioactive food compounds

Enhance uptake of nutrients inEnhance uptake of nutrients in

individuals with absorption disordersindividuals with absorption disorders

AlterAlter hydrophobicity/lipophilicityhydrophobicity/lipophilicity ofof

nutritional fortificationsnutritional fortifications

Improved stability and sensory qualitiesImproved stability and sensory qualities

of fortified foodof fortified food


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Naturally occurringNaturally occurring

nanomaterialsnanomaterials in foodsin foods

Milk - lactose (0.5 nm), wheyproteins (4-6 nm), casein micelles(50-300 nm), fat globules (300 nm)

Food additives: titanium dioxide,aluminosilicates,

Lipid emulsions, vitamins, gels

Food applications of structuredFood applications of structured

nanomaterialsnanomaterials

Food Safety and Quality Sensors with single molecule detection

capabilities (Nano-tongues and Nano-noses) Preservative carrier systems

Food Processing New membrane separation systems Catalysts for hydrogenation, inter-

esterificationFood Packaging

Low permeability, high-strength plastics High-performance edible packaging

Ingredient Technologies Delivery systems for flavors, colors, bioactives

Examples of productsExamples of productsA Nano tech nol ogy Cons umer Prod uct s Inv ento ry

Displaying records 1-10 of 64 for food

Includes packaging, appliances, supplements

June 20, 2007

http://www.nanotechproject.org/44


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NutraleaseNutraleasehttp://www.nutralease.com/products.asp

patent pending Nano-sized Self-assembled Liquid Structures (NSSL)

vehicles are expanded micelles (~30 nm); fortifying nano-vehicles ( FNVs).

Co-enzyme Q10 (Ubiquinon)

LuteinLycopene

Phytosterol (sitosterol)

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Canola ActiveCanola Active

Nanocapsules in cooking oil to improve

bioavailability of nutraceuticals, for

example, plant sterols to reduce the bodys

absorption of cholesterol in the blood.

On market in Israel

Incorporates phytosterol from Nutralease

into canola oilShemen Industries Ltd

AquanovaAquanova, Germany, GermanyUse nanotechnology toUse nanotechnology toproduce micellesproduce micelles to improve solubility ofto improve solubility of

insolubleinsoluble bioactivesbioactives

to change water/fatto change water/fatsolubility of nutrientssolubility of nutrients

Vitamins A, C, D, E, KVitamins A, C, D, E, K

Coenzyme 10Coenzyme 10

--carotene,carotene, isoflavonesisoflavones,,--lipoiclipoic acid, omegaacid, omegafatty acidsfatty acids

http://www.aquanova.de/


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http://www.aquanova.de/

NanoNano--teatea

NanoNano--Green TeaGreen Tea

NanoNano--DarkDark--Green TeaGreen Tea

NanoNano--White TeaWhite Tea

NanoNano--Black TeaBlack Tea

NanoNano--Yellow TeaYellow Tea

NanoNano--Dark TeaDark Tea

NanoNano--Selenium Rich White TeSelenium Rich White Teaa

NanoNano--Selenium Rich Dark Green TeaSelenium Rich Dark Green TeaNanoNano--Selenium Rich Black TeaSelenium Rich Black Tea

NanoNano--Selenium Rich Green TeaSelenium Rich Green Tea

NanoNano--Selenium Rich YellowSelenium Rich Yellow TeaTea

NanoNano--Selenium Rich Dark TeaSelenium Rich Dark Tea

http://www.369.com.cn/En/default.htm

NanoGreensNanoGreensIngredient listGreens Blend (Proprietary) 2350 mg

Barley Grass Juice Powder*, Spirulina*, Chlorella (Japanese soft shell) Phyto-Nutrient Blend (Proprietary) 325 mg

Blueberry, Green Tea Extract, Grape Seed Extract, Cranberry, Raspberry, Tart

Cherry, Pine Bark Extract, Broccoli, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale, BrusselsSprout, Bilberry, Elderberry,Pomegranate, Blackberry

Isoquercitin/Rutin50/50 160 mg

Raspberry Extract (20% EllagicAcid) 50 mg

Fruit & Vegetable Blend 900 mg

Apple*, Carrot*, Mango*, Sweet Potato*, Lemon*, Parsley*, Peach*, Kale*,

Broccoli*, Spinach*, Leek*, Beet* , Cranberry* (Quinic Acid 6%)

AcerolaCherry Powder* (17.5% Ascorbic Acid) 175 mg

Rice Bran Soluble* 2500 mg

Aloe Vera Powder Extract* (100:1 freeze dried) 30 mg

Green Tea, White Tea (decaffeinated, 50% Polyphenol) 100 mg

PolygonumCuspidatum (15% Resveratrol) 50 mg

Oat Beta Glucan* 2200 mg

Cinnamon Blend (Proprietary) 50 mg (Cinnamon Extract 8%, Cinnamon Bark Powder)

Milk Thistle (20% Silymarin) 50 mg

Marigold Extract (5% Luteinwith Zeaxanthin) 50 mg DunaliellaSalina (Natural Carotenoids) 100 mg

Enzymes (plant-based) 40 mgAlpha Amylase, Bromelain, Cellulase, Galactosidase, Glucoamylase,

Hemicellulase, Lipase, Papain, Protease

Lecithin (non GMO) 1925 mg

Cabbage (Japanese, fermented) 30 mg

LycopeneExtract-10% (from tomato) 25 mg

Lemon Peel Powder* 25 mg

Quinoa Sprout* 90 mg

Artichoke Extract (5% Cynarin) 20 mg

Atlantic Kelp Powder* (LaminaraDigitata) 20 mg

Natural flavors (plant-based), stevia, NanoSorb(phospholipids, lipid esters), citric acid.

http://www.biopharmasci.com

NanoGreens10 is

formulated with patented

"NanoSorb" which utilizes

nanosized vesicles that

spontaneously encapsulate

nutraceuticals to maximize

availability for absorption by

the small intestine!


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General concerns overGeneral concerns over nanoscalenanoscale

versusversus microscalemicroscale materialsmaterials

Higher exposure per unit massHigher exposure per unit mass Small size, large surface area, may result in increased abilitySmall size, large surface area, may result in increased ability toto

generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Routes of exposure may differ due to smaller size.Routes of exposure may differ due to smaller size. E.g. olfactory transport, dermal penetrationE.g. olfactory transport, dermal penetration

Different distribution to tissues by virtue of their differentDifferent distribution to tissues by virtue of their differentsize or surface coating/chemistry.size or surface coating/chemistry. E.g. Inflammatory responses induced by fine andE.g. Inflammatory responses induced by fine and ultrafineultrafine TiO2TiO2

Novel propertyNovel property ofof nanoscalenanoscale materialmaterial

may translate into a new mode of action.may translate into a new mode of action.

Nel et al., Science 2006

SumSummarymary

Many potential applications ofMany potential applications ofnanotechnology to food and foodnanotechnology to food and foodprocessingprocessing

Safety of products must be assessedSafety of products must be assessed

Potential effects on environment andPotential effects on environment and

society are also under investigation at thissociety are also under investigation at thistimetime

Food Technology Nanoscience Apps.pdf

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