PresentationPresentationONON

FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA

Prepared byPrepared byRAVI SHREY

Ph.D. Scholar, Agricultural EconomicsCollege of Agriculture, RaipurCollege of Agriculture, RaipurI.G.K.V, Raipur, ChhattisgarhI.G.K.V, Raipur, Chhattisgarh

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITIONS

Continue…(FAO, 1983)

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2nd largest arable land(184 million hectares) in the world after U.S.A.

2nd Largest irrigated land in the world after China.

Largest producer of :Wheat(15% of global production)Pulses(21% of global production) Milk(121.8 million tones).

Largest producer and exporter of spices.

2nd largest producer of rice(22% of global rice production) and the largest producer of world’s best BASMATI RICE.

Largest livestock population.

2nd largest producer of fruits and vegetables.1st in tea production.

source: FICCI, Ministry of Agriculture

Are we really food short?

So why are we food insecure??

MAPLECROFT : Food Security Risk Index 2013 China – 38/105 India – 66/105 Pakistan – 75/105

GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX: a world wide survey carried out by International Food Policy Research Institute (USA) 2012 China- 2/79 Pakistan – 57/79 India – 65/79

PRESENT SITUATION OF INDIA

``For now I ask no more than the justice of eating.``

Pablo Neruda, Chilean Poet, Noble Prize Winner

Hunger remains the No.1 cause of death in the world. Aids, Cancer etc. follow.

44% of world’s under-nourished children live in India. -Global Hunger Index,2012

Over 200 million Indians will sleep hungry every night.

Over 7000 Indians die of hunger every day.

Alarming situation

INDIA (65)

RANK LOWER TO HIGHER SECURITY

YEAR FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION (MT)

2000-01 196.8

2001-02 211.9

2002-03 174.2

2003-04 210.8

2004-05 206.4

2005-06 204.03

2006-07 231.5

2007-08 230.8

2008-09 233.88

2009-10 238.7

2010-11 244.78

2011-12 259.32 *

FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION IN INDIA (2000-2012)

Source : Directorate of economics and statistics, Department of Agriculture and cooperation

150

200

250

300

2001-02 2006-07 2011-12 2016-17

MIL

LIO

N T

ON

NE

S

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

MIL

LIO

N

Production Requirement Population

Projected Requirement of Food grains

Per capita availability (gram/ per person /day)Fruit Veg. Total

Production of fruit & vegetables (million tonnes)Fruit Veg. Total

2001-02 114 236 350 43 89 132

2007-08 158 309 467 66 128 194

2008-09 163 306 469 68 129 197

2009-10 167 313 480 71 134 205

2010-11 170 332 502 75 147 222

2011-12 172 350 522 76 156 232

Source : Directorate of economics and statistics, Department of Agriculture and cooperation

PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTION OF FRUIT & VEGETABLES IN INDIA

Year Milk production (MT) Egg production Fish production (lakh tone)

Wool production (Million Kg)

ProductionMT

Per capita availability@ g /day

No. in Million

Per capita availabilityNo. / year

1950-51 17.0 124 1832 - - 27.51990-91 53.9 176 21101 27 170.2 41.22000-01 80.6 217 36632 34 56.00 48.42001-02 84.4 225 38729 34 60.00 49.52002-03 86.2 230 39823 - 62.00 50.52003-04 88.1 231 40403 - 64.00 48.52004-05 90.7 233 45201 - 63.00 49.62005-06 97.1 241 46235 - 65.70 44.92006-07 100.9 251 50663 - 68.69 45.12007-08 104.8 260 53581 - 71.00 44.02008-09 108.5 266 55395 - 76.37 42.92009-10 112.5 273 59844 - 78.51 43.22010-11 121.8 281 63024 53 83.00 -

PRODUCTION OF MILK, EGG, FISH AND WOOL IN INDIA

Source : Dept. of AH & Dairying Annual Report 2010-11 Economic survey, 2011-12

The growth in food grain production has stagnated during recent past while the consumption need of the growing population is increasing.

To meet the growing foodgrain demand, National Development Council in its 53rd meeting adopted a resolution to enhance the production of rice, wheat and pulses by 10, 8 and 2 million tons respectively by 2011.

The proposed Centrally Sponsored Scheme ‘National Food Security Mission (NFSM) is to operationalized the resolution of NDC and enhance the production of rice, wheat and pulses.

FOOD SECURITY MISSION

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OBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION Increasing production of rice, wheat and pulses

through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner;

Restoring soil fertility and productivity at individual farm level;

Enhancing farm level economy (i.e. farm profits) to restore confidence of farmers of targeted districts

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AREA OF OPERATION

NFSM – Rice: Total States:12 Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Total identified districts: 133

NFSM – Wheat: Total States: 9Bihar,Gujarat,Haryana,Madhya Pradesh, Maharashta, Punjab, Rajasthan,

Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Total identified districts: 138

NFSM – Pulses:Total States:14Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya

Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal

Total identified districts:168

Total States under NFSM: 16Total identified districts under NFSM: 305

STORAGE (2nd PILLAR)

Cold chain logistics

India’s cold storage capacity – short by 10 million tones.

30% of the fruits and vegetables gets wasted annually(40 million tones amounting to US$13 billion).

Key reasons-

higher level of inefficiencies in the system

lower average trucking speeds

higher turnaround times at ports

cost of administrative delays

Procurement

MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE

Applicable on 24 crops.

Benchmark for other varieties(which might be of inferior quality) of the same crop.

GOVERNMENT CREATED HOARDING

Excessive subsequent stocking.

Scarcity in the open market.

Parliament-clearance issues.

Minimum support price for essential commoditiesMinimum support price for essential commodities

CropsFiscal year

2006Fiscal Year

2010Fiscal Year

2012-13

Wheat 650 1100 1350Rice 570 950 1250

Maize 540 840 1175Arhar 1400 2300 3850

Moong 1520 2760 4400Urad 1520 2520 4300

Soyabean 900 1350 2200Sugarcane

(per 40 kg)79.50 129.84 170

DistributionDistribution(3(3rdrd PILLAR) PILLAR)

A not so perfect public distribution system

oMisuse of the schemes by non-needy.

oLoopholes in the existing system.

oNeed a better targeting mechanism.

Identification of “poor”

Keeping the criteria simple and easy to implement. motorized vehicle, landline with a bill, electricity connection with a bill, a job in an organized sector,a registered piece of land, etc. are NOT BPL.

Social audits for the remaining families through community councils.

Inspiration from other states (Chhattisgarh, A.P. etc.) where PDS has been successfully experimented with many additional features.

Government’s mammoth task: Food Security Bill 2013

 The summary of the National Food Security Bill 2013 (revised version, as tabled in Parliament, 22 March 2013) 

1. PRELIMINARIESThe Bill seeks “to provide for food and nutritional security in human

life cycle approach, by ensuring access to adequate quantity of

quality food at affordable prices to people to live a life with dignity”.

•It extends to the whole of India and “shall come into force on such

date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different

States and different provisions of this Act”.

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2. ENTITLEMENTS

Public Distribution System (TPDS)

Priority households are entitled to 5 kgs of foodgrains per person per month, and

Antyodaya households to 35 kgs per household per month.

The PDS issue prices are given in Schedule I: Rs 3/2/1 for rice/wheat/millets (actually

called “coarse grains” in the Bill). These may be revised after three years.

Children’s Entitlements

For children in the age group of 6 months to 6 years, the Bill guarantees an age-

appropriate meal, free of charge, through the local anganwadi. For children aged 6-14

years, one free mid-day meal shall be provided every day (except on school holidays).

Entitlements of Pregnant and Lactating Women

Every pregnant and lactating mother is entitled to a free meal at the local anganwadi

(during pregnancy and six months after child birth) as well as maternity benefits of Rs

6,000, in installments.

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3. IDENTIFICATION OF ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLDS

The Bill does not specify criteria for the identification of households (Priority or

Antyodaya) eligible for PDS entitlements.

The identification of eligible households is left to state governments, subject to

the scheme’s guidelines for Antyodaya, and subject to guidelines to be

“specified” by the state government for Priority households.

The lists of eligible households are to be placed in the public domain and

“displayed prominently” by state governments.

4. FOOD COMMISSIONS

The Bill provides for the creation of State Food Commissions. Each Commission

shall consist of a chairperson, five other members and a member-secretary

(including at least two women and one member each from SC and ST).

The main function of the State Commission is to monitor and evaluate the

implementation of the act, give advice to the states governments and their

agencies, and inquire into violations of entitlements  Continue…

5. TRANSPARENCY AND GRIVANCE REDRESSAL

The Bill provides for a two-tier grievance redressal structure, involving

the District Grievance Redressal Officer (DGRO) and State Food

Commission. State governments must also put in place an internal

grievance redressal mechanism which may include call centres, help

lines, designation of nodal officers, “or such other mechanisms as may

be prescribed”.

6. SCHEDULES :

3 schedules (these can be amended “by notification”).

Schedule 1 prescribes issue prices for the PDS.

Schedule 2 prescribes “nutritional standards” for midday meals, take-home

rations and related entitlements.

Schedule 3 lists various “provisions for advancing food security”,

Conclusion

o Production (1st pillar) is more or less doing good; always can and have to be bettered though.

oThe procurement policies, storage facilities (2ndpillar) and the distribution (3rd pillar) mechanism need revamping.

oIndividual initiatives vital in this fight against food insecurity.

Let’s be a part of the solution

ReferencesBhatia, B.M., (1983), A study in India`s Food policy.

Datt and Sundhram, Indian economy (revised edition 2002), S. Chand publication.

Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Annual Report 2010-11.

Directorate of economics and statistics, Department of Agriculture and cooperation

•Economic survey, 2011-12.

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/article75033.ece

•http://www.nfsm.gov.in

•http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nac-sticks-to-its-guns- on-food-law/740780/

•http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?663772

•http://www.asianage.com/india/bogus-bpl-card-holders

Planning commission, Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002).

Radhakrishna R., Subbarao K, Indrakant S., and Ravi K., (1997), Public distribution

: A National and International Perspective, World Bank Discussion Paper No. 380.

World bank, World Development Report (1986).