Objectives: Students can name three of the classes of

nutrients that supply the body with energy.

Students can describe what carbohydrates, fats, & proteins will do for the body.

Students will identify what vitamins do for the body.

Students will identify what minerals do for the body. .

Students will explain why water is so important to the body.

FOOD & NUTRITION

PART II

Indian Hills Middle School

QUICK REVIEW:

Food gives you energy!

Food is social! Food affects how you think, feel, &

perform.Food contains nutrients necessary for bodily functions.oPromotes growthRepairs the body tissues.

Helps resist disease.

Name as many facts about food as you can.

Contains 6 Nutrients: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals & water

Contains calories

6 CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS:

Vitamins, Minerals & Water

Carbohydrates, Fats, & Proteins

Supplies energy for the body

CARBOHYDRATESTwo Types of Carbohydrates

• Simple Carbohydrates are also know as sugars

• Sugars occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk

• Glucose, a sugar, is the main provider of energy for your body’s cells

• Manufactured foods: Cookies, candies, soft drinks

Complex Carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically

Starches are one of the main types of complex carbohydrates

The starches are found in potatoes, grains, rice, oats, corn

FIBER:

A High Fiber Diet:• Helps prevent

constipation• May reduce the risk of

colon cancer• May help prevent heart

disease

Whole-grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans,

seeds

It is a complex carbohydrate found in plants.It is not a nutrient because it cannot be broken

down and then absorbed into your bloodstream.It is necessary for the proper functioning of

your digestive system.

At a meal, you usually eat more carbohydrates than your body can immediately use and it is broken down into glucose.

The extra glucose (sugar) is converted into a type of starch called glycogen and stored for later use.

If you over eat carbohydrates and the body’s glycogen stores are full, the excess is stored as fat.

45-65% of a person’s daily calorie intake comes from carbohydrates.

Simple carbohydrates give quick bursts of energy.Complex carbohydrates provide better long-term

sustained energy.

THE BODY’S ENERGY RESERVES:

Fat Facts:

FATS: Fat supply’s your body with energy Helps form your cells Maintains body temperature Protects your nerves 20-35% of your calories come from fat

Unsaturated Fats

Saturated Fats• Liquid at room

temperature• Found in

vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds

• Can help fight heart disease

Usually solid at room temperature

Animal fats, dairy products

Too much saturated fat in your diet leads to heart disease

3 Main Fats: Unsaturated Fats, Saturated Fats, Trans Fats

FAT: CONTINUED

Cholesterol Trans Fats• Extra hydrogen is

added to the vegetable oil by the manufacturers

• Increases freshness • Found in margarine,

chips, and commercially baked goods

• Unhealthy risks for heart disease

A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.

Saturated fats. Your body needs some

cholesterol to make cell membranes and nerve tissue, certain hormones, and substances that aid in in the digestion of fat

Excess cholesterol causes plaque to form on the walls of the blood vessels blocking blood flow to the heart.

Foods that contain protein:

The most important function of proteins is their role in the growth and repair of your body’s tissues.

PROTEINS

• Your body is made up of protein.Poultr

y

Milk Products

Nuts, dried beans, lentils

Eggs

MeatsMilk

When you eat proteins your body breaks it down into amino acids and absorbs it into the bloodstream to be reassembled by cells to form the kinds of proteins you need.

Supplies the body with

energy!

Complete Proteins

PROTEINS CONTINUED:

Incomplete Proteins

Proteins from animal sources---meats, fish

Proteins from plant sources—dried beans

Rice & beans together = Complete Proteins

10-35% of your calories should come from

proteins

Myth: As part of a healthy diet, people need to take dietary supplements.

Fact: A diet that contains a variety of healthful foods usually supplies all the vitamins and minerals that your body needs.

VITAMINS

What Are Vitamins? Nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and assist many of the chemical reactions in the body are vitamins.

Vitamins do not provide the body with energy, instead they help with various body processes, i.e. clotting the blood, maintaining healthy skin, bones, teeth, vision

2 Classes of Vitamins: Fat-soluble Vitamins dissolve in fatty materials.

Water-soluble Vitamins dissolve in water.

What are minerals?

MINERALSThe body requires only small amounts of minerals

They are nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil. The plants absorb the minerals from rocks and soil through their roots and the animals eat the plants. We eat the plants/meat.

You need 7 minerals in significant amounts: Calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur

Calcium: helps with blood clotting, assists the nervous system, and is the essential ingredient in maintaining strong bones & teeth.

MINERALS CONTINUED:

Potassium: helps with maintaining a healthy water balance in the body and helps regulate blood pressure.

Iron: is necessary for healthy red blood cells.

o Sodium: helps with heart function and water balance. Too much salt creates high blood pressure.

Milk/Dairy products, beet greens, broccoli

Baked potatoes, spinach, bananas, dried fruits, oranges, tomato products

Found in iron fortified cereal, spinach, a serving of lean beef

Table salt, processed or manufactured foods, chips, salted nuts, canned soups

65% of your body is water. Water is essential for all life processes.Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions, including

those that produce energy and build new tissues, take place in a water solution.

Water is the primary component of blood and tissue. It carries waste products from the body and helps

digest food.10-14 8-ounce cups of water are required daily. The

water can be in foods that contain a lot of water (fruits/vegetables) or drinks.

WATER

1. List the 3 classes of nutrients responsible for the body’s energy.

2. Explain the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates.

3. Why is fiber important?4. Explain unsaturated fats and saturated fats.5. Why is too much cholesterol bad for the body?6. What is the role of proteins in the body?7. What are complete and incomplete proteins?8. What do vitamins do for the body?9. What do minerals do for the body?10.What are the 7 minerals necessary for good health?11.What does water do for the body?

GOOD HEALTH REVIEW & QUESTIONS: