Food For Thought – Energy. Ecology zthe study of the RELATIONSHIPS of living things to EACH OTHER...
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Transcript of Food For Thought – Energy. Ecology zthe study of the RELATIONSHIPS of living things to EACH OTHER...
Food For Thought – Energy
Ecology
the study of the RELATIONSHIPS of living things to EACH OTHER and their ENVIRONMENT (surroundings)
Ecosystems
ALL of the LIVING communities of an area together withthe NON-LIVING parts of their ENVIRONMENT
Parts of an Ecosystem
LIVING community (BIOTIC factors)ENERGY input and useNUTRIENT cyclingNON-LIVING environment (ABIOTIC
factors)
Ecology involves the study of the following things:
The interactions between members of the BIOTIC community (the living plants, animals and microbes)
The interactions between members of the BIOTIC community and the NON-LIVING environment
The interactions between the ABIOTIC environmental factors (such as light-temperature-moisture)
The Environment and Energy
Energy – the ABILITY to do WORK All LVING ORGANISMS use energy
for life processes.
Forms of Energy:
1. Light2. Heat3. Chemical4. Mechanical5. Electrical
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy is never CREATED nor DESTROYED but is only CHANGED from one form to another, or TRANSFERRED from one place to another.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
When ENERGY is transformed or transferred, a part of the energy is LOST in the form of HEAT.
How organisms obtain energy
ECOSYSTEMS are powered by energy from the SUN
Energy only enters living things at the PRODUCER level.
As energy is passed along the FOOD chain, much of it is lost as HEAT.
How organisms obtain energy
Energy flows ONE way through the food chain, from PRODUCERS through CONSUMERS.
Each level of the food chain has LESS available energy in it.
Different organisms get energy in different ways
Autotroph -- organisms that can make their own food (green plants)
Heterotrophs -- organisms that cannot make their own food and have to feed on autotrophs or other heterotrophs (cows)
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
The form of energy used by cells for cell activities
Energy stored in ATP is BROKEN DOWN by ATPase, an ENZYME, to a molecule of ADP. When that chemical bond is broken, energy is released.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Without ATP all living organisms will DIE.
All organisms get their ENERGY from ATP.
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O ----------> C6H12O6 + O2
CARBON +WATER SUNLIGHT SUGAR + OXYGEN DIOXIDE
Three Phases
Light absorption by CHLOROPHYLLLight Dependent reactions – water is
SPLIT into HYDROGEN and OXYGEN. OXYGEN is released and energy is transferred to the next phase.
Light Independent reactions – carbon dioxide and WATER are combined to form CARBOHYDRATES
Factors affecting Photosynthesis
Amount of LIGHTIntensity of the LIGHTAmount of WATERDIRECTION of the lightTemperature
Respiration
The release of energy from sugar molecules
C6H12O6 + O2 ----------> 6CO2 + 6H2O
SUGAR + OXYGEN ENZYMES CARBON +WATER
DIOXIDE
How They Fit in
Trophic Levels
Producers
Green PlantsThey capture light energy from the sun and convert it into food energy.
Consumers
are Animals that depend upon greenplants and other animals for food.
Types of Consumers
Primary Consumer (Herbivores) – eat PLANTS to get energy
Secondary Consumers (Carnivores, omnivores) – eat ANIMALS, to get energy
Tertiary Consumers (Carnivores, omnivores) – eat ANIMALS, and Plants to get energy
Decomposers
Break down and DECOMPOSE DEAD ORGANISMS getting energy and releasing nutrients back into the environment.
You Are What You Eat
Food Chains – a simple LINEAR drawing showing which organisms feed upon which others
You Are What You Eat
Food Web – A NUMBER OF INTER-CONNECTING FOOD CHAINS
Pyramids of Numbers
Numbers decrease as we go from one food level to the next. Numbers that decrease are BIOMASS, AVAILABLE ENERGY, and organism population size.
Soils