Food, Culture, and Globalization · Food influence on Culture. z. Coffee − French − American....
Transcript of Food, Culture, and Globalization · Food influence on Culture. z. Coffee − French − American....
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Food, CultureFood, Culture andand
GlobalizationGlobalizationStudent Group #3
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Name the Culture
Photo by To Grandmother’s House We Go on Flickr. 3
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Food influence on CultureFood influence on Culture
z Coffee
− French − American
Food has shaped social and intellectual aspects of culture. In addition, it plays a significant role in language development.
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Intellectual - French
z Coffee introduced to France from Dutch
z Café emerged (specifically Paris)
Photo of the Café Procope removed due to copyright restrictions.
z Intellectuals discussed and met in café.
− Café Procope: Franklin, Voltaire, Diderot
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Social - American
z Compared to European culture of Drinking Coffee
z Prevalent − Morning routine − Late night shift
z Even Art!
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Edward Hopper's Nighthawks at the Diner
Please see Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942.
Image from the Open Clip Art Library.
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Globalization
Basil: Originated from Asia, Africa. Came to Greece through conquest (Alexander)
Tomato: Grown by Aztecs in America, 700 AD. Came to Europe through conquest & trade
Photo by To Grandmother's House We Go on Flickr.8
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History of Coffee
Photo of coffee beans removed due to copyright restrictions.
"History of Coffee." Coffee Drip. Web. 28 Nov 2009. 9
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Origin of coffee/ original uses
z Late 1400s: spread fromAfrica to E. Asia, Arabia, S. America
z First native in Ethiopia − Religious
purposes
z
z
Haya (Tanzania): usecoffee as currency Hunter: quell hunger,energize the body
Map of coffee cultivation paths removed due to copyright restrictions.
"Transfer and Spread." Natural History Museum. Web. 28 Nov 2009. 10
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Spread of Coffee
z Internationalization of coffee by Arabians − Started in the Sufi Muslims for transcendental
peace-finding − Sufi Mysticism − Conflicts and acceptance with Islam’s Ramadan,
secularism z Popularization of coffee among the common people
− Part of socializing in coffeehouses − Respectable, legal
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Coffee’s history in Europe
z Spread via merchants’contacts
z exoticism z Impact on everyday life
− High class association− democratization, slavery Cartoon removed due to copyright restrictions.
− revolutions, trade, middle class
z Restriction on trade imposedin France, Austria, Germany,Switzerland
"And make mine a Decaf." The New Yorker. Web. 28 Nov 2009. 12
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Coffee’s social roles (recap)
z Rejuvenation, spiritual renewing− Caffeine
z Alternative to alcohol
z Highly-elite, yet also widelyaccepted and consumed
Cartoon removed due to copyright restrictions.
z Differing opinions of merits anddrawbacks
z Starbucks: for the youth
Jim Davis, “Garfield,” September 19, 2005. Web. 28 Nov 2009. 13
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Positive and Negative Impacts ofGlobalization in Relation to Coffee
Image from Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org
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Globalization of the Food Industry
• Increased technologies
• Changes to social behavior and diet
• Convergence of food consumption and expenditures
Frazão, Elizabeth, Birgit Meade, and Anita Regmi. “Converging Patterns in Global Food Consumption and Food Delivery Systems.” AmberWaves (February 2008): 22-29.
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Social Impacts of Coffee
• Coffeehouses and Cafes created
• Social atmosphere • Popular with middle
and upper class • More than just a
coffee vendorPhoto of the MIT Coffeehouse removed due to copyright restrictions.
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Starbucks
• A fad • Chain restaurants can
be found all around the world
• Fusion of cultural ideas and food
Photo of Starbucks cups and shop removed due to copyright restrictions.
“Coffee’s rise as a sign of distinction and of connoisseurship meant that its appeal was no longer just its photoactive role as a stimulant nor the democratic sociability of the coffee shop.” (Topik 2009)
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Economic Effects• Slave plantations in South American
countries. • 2006: US$ 29.3 billion • Projected growth to US $39.5 billion in 2011. • Most of profits go to large scale companies. • When production costs are twice the price
received, few farmers can obtain profits. • Controversy has sparked a global response
and creation of Fair Trade Coffee: Logos for Maxwell House and Fair Trade
• direct relationship with the roaster; removed due to copyright restrictions.
• a price minimum of $1.26 per pound; • pre-financing up to 66 percent of the
value of the coffee;• agricultural sustainability
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Environmental Impacts
• Cut down trees to sell as lumber or firewood to increase production
Photos of a coffee plantation in Costa Rica and deforestation in Brazil removed due to copyright restrictions. • Deforestation of the tropical rain forest
• “A host of studies show that significant impacts on local fauna occur”
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Summary: Disadvantages andAdvantages
• Dissemination and mixing of cultures • Increased trade, but creation of economic disparities• High production to reach demand, but growing
environmental damage • Despite centuries of change, coffee is still being
consumed; it still has value in society
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Globalization and Cultural Exchange
• An exchange of culture rather than a one-way relationship in which one culturedominates another
• Specific Examples: Chinese American Cultural Exchange through food • Coffee • Chinese American Fusion foods
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Globalization as Americanization
• In 1999: Seattle Protest against globalization
• “Most peoples of the world believe that globalization is a synonym forAmericanization”
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Coffee
• Association with America • Starbucks
• Global Corporation • Spread to China
Logo for Starbucks removed due to copyright restrictions.
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Fusion Foods
• Chinese American Fusion Foods • Chinese Chicken Salad • Fortune Cookies
• Chinese American Fast Food • Panda Express
Images of Chinese Chicken Salad, Chinese buffet, and Panda Express removed due to copyright restrictions.
Photo by rukna at Flickr.
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So...
• Exchange between China and America is equal and beneficial to both sides
Photo removed due to copyright restrictions.
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Sources/Citations
• "History of Coffee." Coffee Drip. Web. 28 Nov 2009. • "Transfer and Spread." Natural History Museum. Web. 28 Nov 2009. • "The History of Coffee (Part 2)." Youtube. Web. 28 Nov 2009. • "And make mine a Decaf." The New Yorker. Web. 28 Nov 2009. • Jim Davis, “Garfield,” September 19, 2005. Web. 28 Nov 2009. • “Americans double spending in coffee shops.” Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, 01 June 2007. • Rice, Robert. “Coffee Production in a Time of Crisis: Social and Environmental
Connections.” SAIS Review Volume, 2003. • “Converging Patterns in Global Food Consumption and Food Delivery Systems.” Amber
Waves, 2008. • Topik, Steven. “Coffee As a Social Drug.” Cultural Critique, 2009. • Nutzenadel, Alexander. Food and Globalization Consuption, Markets and Politics in the
Modern World. 2008. New York, New York: Berg, 2008. Print. • Chanda, Nayan. Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Warriors, and Adventurers
Shaped Globalization. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.
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Sources/Citations
• http://www.food-info.net/images/coffeehouse2.jpg • http://web.mit.edu/campus-activities/www/html/studentcenterinformation.html • http://chey04.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/deforest.jpg • http://www.treehugger.com/coffee-farm-342345.jpg • http://usa-ebiz.com/web-marketing/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/maxwell.jpg • http://www.knituntoothers.com/assets/images/Fairtrade_Logo_01.jpg • http://blog.gyminee.com/images/coffee.jpg z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland#Holidays_and_festivals z http://www.herbsociety.org/basil/bhistory.php z http://www.tomato-cages.com/tomato-history.html z http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/img/news/2008/Coffee_world_Coffea_robusta_arabic.jpg z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe_Procope z http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec06/coffee_10-18.html
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21G.076 Globalization: the Good, the Bad, and the In-BetweenFall 2009
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