Food Bioactive Compounds against Diseases of the 21st...

EditorialFood Bioactive Compounds against Diseases ofthe 21st Century 2016

Blanca Hernández-Ledesma,1 Chia-Chien Hsieh,2 and Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga3

1 Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Alimentacion CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM-CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9,28049 Madrid, Spain2Department of Human Development and Family Studies (Nutritional Science & Education), National Taiwan Normal University,No. 162, Heping East Road, Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan3Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain

Correspondence should be addressed to Blanca Hernandez-Ledesma; [email protected]

Received 22 January 2017; Accepted 22 January 2017; Published 5 February 2017

Copyright © 2017 Blanca Hernandez-Ledesma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.

Nowadays, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and other chronicdiseases including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes,cancers, immune disorders, and chronic respiratory diseaseare becoming the leading causes of global morbidity andmortality. Diet pattern and physical exercise have been foundto be the most important factors impacting on these chronicdiseases. Because they are preventable, modifications in dietand lifestyle habits are currently recognized as promisingstrategies to prevent and/or treat these diseases. In additionto their content in essential nutrients, foods contain a widerange of bioactive compounds. In the last years, the numberof studies evaluating the physiological activities of food-derived bioactives has markedly increased. Cell culture,animal models, and human trials are being performed todemonstrate the benefits of foods on health and to identifyand characterize the responsible compounds. Therefore, thepresent special issue summarizes the most recent advanceson bioactive compounds derived from food making them tobe recognized as promising strategies in prevention, auxiliarytherapy, or even cure of different chronic diseases of the 21stcentury.The selected papers represent a novel andmany-facetknowledge, which we have the pleasure of sharing with thereaders.

In a paper entitled “Delphinidin-Rich Maqui BerryExtract (Delphinol�) Lowers Fasting and PostprandialGlycemia and Insulinemia in Prediabetic Individuals duringOral Glucose Tolerance Tests,” J. L. Alvarado et al. investigatethe effect of a delphinidin-rich extract obtained from maqui

berry and known as Delphinol on glucose metabolismin prediabetic humans challenged with pure glucose.These authors demonstrate, for the first time, the ability ofDelphinol to simultaneously reduce fasting blood glucoseand insulin levels in patients when administered in a singledose. These effects are suggested to be mediated throughmultiple mechanisms including inhibition of intestinalglucose transporters, an incretin-modulating effect oninsulin secretion, and improvement of the insulin sensitivityin target tissues.

In the last years, the number of patients suffering ofneuropathic pain, defined as pain caused by a lesion ordisease of the somatosensory nervous system, has increasedrapidly. However, to date, drugs used to alleviate this pain arenot completely effective and provokes undesired side effects,such as tolerance and physical dependence. In the paperentitled “Food-Derived Natural Compounds for Pain Reliefin Neuropathic Pain,” E. Y. Lim and Y. T. Kim summarizethe processes implicated in the etiology and progress ofneuropathic pain and the potential benefits of C-C motifchemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonists for treatmentof this chronic disorder. In addition, plant food-derivedcompounds that have demonstrated in animal models to beuseful for neuropathic pain alleviation are described in detail.

Skeletal muscle injury is a common clinical issue thatcan be caused by several conditions including direct trauma,prolonged training, ischemia, or myotoxins. Food-derivedpeptides and amino acids may function as anti-inflammatory

HindawiBioMed Research InternationalVolume 2017, Article ID 1750823, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1750823

https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1750823

2 BioMed Research International

agents as illustrated in the original research work enti-tled “Shrimp Protein Hydrolysate Modulates the Timingof Proinflammatory Macrophages in Bupivacaine-InjuredSkeletal Muscles in Rats” by J. Dort et al. This study pro-vides information on the in vivo effects of shrimp proteinhydrolysate consumption on chemically injured rat skeletalmuscle. Protein hydrolysate feeding improved resolution ofinflammation in skeletal muscles through modulation ofproinflammatorymacrophages accumulation that can inducea generalized beneficial effect on muscle regeneration.

Skin suffers inappropriate ultraviolet (UV) exposurecausing dermal photo-damage and photo-aging, resulting inpartial inflammation, redness, swelling, and tissue damage. Ina paper entitled “Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.)Water Extract and Its Bioactive Components AmeliorateDer-mal Damage in UVB-Irradiated Skin Models,” Y.-H. Hongand coworkers pointed that Djulis treatment protected skinHaCaT cells against UV-induced inflammation, oxidativestress, and increased the cell viability. By an in vivo study,it was also demonstrated that administration of the extractexerted protection against UV challenge in skin of mice. Inaddition, the authors found that the contributive compoundsof Djulis are mainly rutin and chlorogenic acid.

The rising challenge of bacterial resistance to antibioticshas promoted the need for the development of natural prod-ucts with antibacterial and antioxidant activity to effectivelymanage many infectious diseases. The study “Antibacterialand Antioxidant Properties of the Leaves and Stem EssentialOils of Jatropha gossypifolia L.,” by S. O. Okoh et al. proposesthe use of leaves and stem essential oils of the medicinalplant Jatropha gossypifolia as a potential therapeutic agent forthe treatment of microbial infections. This study provideda detailed characterization of the fatty acid composition ofessential oils and described their antiradical and antibacterialproperties indicating their potential therapeutic uses in theprevention or treatment of infectious diseases.

In a paper entitled “DHA and EPA Content and FattyAcid Profile of 39 Food Fishes from India,” B. P. Mohantyand coworkers demonstrated that fish is an important sourceof polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and has a uniqueadvantage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapen-taenoic acid (EPA) are present in high concentration insea creatures with high fat composition and play importantroles in fetal brain development, lipid metabolism, cognitivesupport, preventing atherosclerosis, dementia, and immunedisorders.This article reported that 39 fish species from India,especially Tenualosa ilisha, Sardinella longiceps, Nemopterusjaponicus, and Anabas testudineus, are rich sources of DHAand EPA. Promotion of these species as DHA fish sourceswould enhance their utility in public health nutrition.

Hypoglycemic effect of the main antidiabetic compoundin mulberry latex, the glucose analogue 1-deoxynojirimycin,is well-known to be due to inhibition of intestinal 𝛼-glucosidase. Further understanding of 1-deoxynojirimycinglucose lowering effects were examined in the study “AnEvaluation of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Oral Administration inEri Silkworm through Fat Body Metabolomics Based on 1HNuclear Magnetic Resonance” by C. Wen et al. NMR-based

metabonomics analysis of the Eri silkworms fat body indi-cated that 1-deoxynojirimycin has a positive impact on thereverse energy metabolism. These results reinforce the evi-dence for the therapeutic application of 1-deoxynojirimycinas food supplement, ingredient, or nutraceutical in diabetes.

In a paper entitled “Roe Protein Hydrolysates of GiantGrouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) Inhibit Cell Proliferationof Oral Cancer Cells Involving Apoptosis and OxidativeStress,” J.-I. Yang et al. evaluated the impact of ultrafiltratedroe hydrolyzates obtained from giant grouper (Epinepheluslanceolatus) on proliferation of oral cancer Ca9-22 and CAL27 cells. In addition, they induced apoptotic characters suchasmorphology change, accumulation of cells in sub-G1 phase,and Annexin V positive expression. These effects togetherwith the ability of roe protein hydrolyzates to induce reactiveoxygen species and superoxide generation andmitochondrialdepolarization make it a promising therapy against oralcancer.

Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank all authors for their excellent contributionand the reviewers for their indispensable efforts that havemade the publication of this special issue possible.

Blanca Hernandez-LedesmaChia-Chien Hsieh

Cristina Martınez-Villaluenga

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