Food additives appendix
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Transcript of Food additives appendix
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your MENU
Helping you and your team to be compliant
Food labelling, ingredients and legislation
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The UFS Food Labelling Guide 2012 is published by:
Unilever South Africa (Pty) Ltd.
15 Nollsworth Crescent, La Lucia Ridge
La Lucia Ridge Offi ce Estate
La Lucia
4051
www.ufs.com
Copyright © 2012
This work is the property of Unilever South Africa (Pty) Ltd.
This work is protected under the Berne Convention. In terms
of the Copyright Act 98 of 1998, no part of this work may
be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording
or by any information storage and retrieval system without
permission in writing from Unilever South Africa (Pty) Ltd.
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that
the information published in this work is accurate,
Unilever South Africa (Pty) Ltd, the editors, publishers
and printers take no responsibility for any loss or
damage suffered by any person as a result of the
reliance upon the information contained therein.
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Chemical/Common Name Food Additive
E-number (in heading)
E-numbers are part of a European numbering system. An E-number signifies approval of an additive by the European Union (EU). To obtain an E-number, the additive must have been fully evaluated for safety by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Also known asSome additives may be known by a number of different names. We show the most common ones here to help you through the maze.
Short description Short description of the additive.
Sources Details of the origin of the food additive.
Function
Food additives are grouped into classes according to their main function (use). Some additives are used for more than one purpose. See for example Lecithin (E322). It can be used as an emulsifier as well as a stabilizer.
Please see the Food ingredients & additives chapter for more information about various types/classes of food additives.
Products Examples of food products which may contain this additive.
Suitability
Suitability of the additive for the most common religious diets, vegetarians and vegans. This is an indication of use only; please always check with your guest before serving a meal.
Note: suitability of the additive for allergies, intolerances or similar (nutritional) disorders is not taken into account unless indicated. If you are in any doubt, always consult a skilled dietician!
Food additives appendixIn this appendix, we list additives used in foods, state their use and origin and
indicate their suitability for different groups of people including vegetarians,
vegans and ethnic groups.
Disclaimer:
• This guide is a general list of food additives. It does not necessarily mean
that these additives can be found in Unilever Food Solutions products.
For information about the ingredients used in Unilever Food Solutions
products please refer to the ingredient list on the product label
• This guide does not in any way supplement the law, nor constitutes
legal guidance
Information you will fi nd for each food additive
Main references used
http://www.food-info.net
http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientifi c-advice/jecfa/jecfa-additives/en/
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Acetic acid, glacial – E260
Also known as Ethanoic acid, glacial acetic acid
Short descriptionAcid, for example used against the growthof fungi in bread
SourcesNatural acid, present in fruits like figs. Also synthetically made of wood-vinegar
Function Preservative
ProductsVinegar, cheese, bread, salad dressing, mayonnaise, meats, soup, beer
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Acetylated di-starch adipate – E1422
Also known as Starch G, acetated starch
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make a productthicker and to make the texture stronger
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of starch and aceticacid (E260) and adipic acid (E355)
Function Thickener
Products Ready-to-eat meals, desserts, cake filling, jelly products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Acesulfame potassium – E950
Also known as Acesulfame K
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Synthetic substance, made of ketones
Function Sweetener
ProductsSoft drinks, fruit juice, dairy drinks, jam, ice cream, marinated fish, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Acid treated starch
Also known as Acid modified starch
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make a product thicker and to make the texture stronger
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of starch (also indicated as modified starch)
Function Thickener and stabilizer
Products Gumballs, sugared candy, chips, chocolates, biscuits, sausages
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Adipic acid – E355
Also known as Hexanedioic acid
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to minimize taste and odour in products
Sources Natural acid, present in beets and sugar cane (juice)
Function Acidity regulator
ProductsConfectionery, baking products, gelatin, canned vegetables, sausages
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Acetylated di-starch phosphate – E1414
Also known as Starch J
Short description Substance, for example used to make a product thicker
Sources Synthetic substance, made of starch
Function Thickener
Products Ready-to-eat meals, desserts, cake filling, jelly products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Alginic acid – E400
Also known as Norgine, polymannuronic acid, sazio
Short description White to yellowish brown substance, serving many functions
Sources Natural carbohydrate, produced by seaweed
Function Emulsifier, thickener
ProductsLemonade, instant pudding powder, confectionery, chewing gum, glaze, chocolate milk, mayonnaise
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Agar – E406
Also known asAgar-agar, bengal isinglass, Ceylon isinglass, Chinese isinglass, gelose, Japanese isinglass, Japan agar, layor carang
Short descriptionWhite or yellowish, occurs in different forms (e.g. strips, flakes, powder), for example used to absorb water so a gel can be formed
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, produced by seaweeds (vegetable alternative of gelatin)
Function Thickener, stabilizer
Products Ice cream, confectionery, bakery products, beer, marmalade
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Alitame
Also known as Alclame
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Synthetic substance, made by a complex chemical process
Function Sweetener
Products Candy, chocolates, chewing gum, jam, marmalade
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Allura red AC – E129
Also known as CI (1975) No.16035, CI Food Red 17, FD&C Red No.40
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
Products Candy, hamburgers and other meat products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Alpha-Amylase
Also known as
alpha-Amylase and Glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae,alpha-Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae, alpha-Amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus, alpha-Amylase from Bacillus subtilis, Amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger, Carbohydrase from Bacillus lichen
Short descriptionEnzyme, for example used in production to prepare the ingredients
Sources Natural enzyme, extracted from fungus
Function Flour treatment agent
Products Dairy products, cheese, canned vegetables, breakfast cereals
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Alkaline treated starch
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make a product thicker and to make the texture stronger
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of starch and sodium or potassium hydroxide (E524 or E525) (also indicated as modified starch)
Function Thickener and stabilizer
ProductsCustard, yoghurt, ice cream, margarine, mayonnaise, cheese spread, candy, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Alpha- Tocopherol – E307
Also known as Vitamin E, RRR-alpha-tocopherol
Short descriptionOily liquid, for example used to prevent rancidity of fatty products. There are two different types of this additive,307a and 307b
SourcesNatural extract of vegetable oils (especially derived from sunflower oil), also made synthetically
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fats, frying oil, cheese, pastry, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Aluminium – E173
Also known as CI (1975) No. 77000, CI pigment metal
Short descriptionSilver-grey colour powder. There are five types of this additive; (i) up to (v)
SourcesNatural metal, a low concentration is found in grains and vegetables
Function Food colour
Products Pastry decorations, candy, pasteurized protein
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Aluminium ammonium sulphate – E523
Also known as Ammonium alum, aluminium, ammonium disulphate
Short descriptionColourless substance with a sweet taste, for example used as acid source in baking powder. Also used to prevent colour loss
Sources Synthetic substance, extracted from aluminium sulphate (E520)
Function Acidity regulator and stabilizer
Products Baking powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Aluminium silicate – E559
Also known as Kaolin, light or heavy
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Natural substance, extracted from white clay
Function Anti-caking agent
Products Flavours and colours
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Aluminium potassium sulphate – E522
Also known as Burnt alum (anhydrous), potassium alum, potash alum
Short descriptionColourless or white crystals, for example used to regulate the sourness of food
Sources Synthetic substance, made of aluminium sulphate (E520)
Function Acidity regulator and raising agent
Products Baking powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Aluminium sodium sulphate – E521
Also known as Sodium Alum, soda Alum
Short descriptionColourless substance, for example used to improve the structure of vegetables and fruits during processing
Sources Synthetic substance, made of aluminium sulphate (E520)
Function Acidity regulator and raising agent
Products Cheese, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Aluminium sulphate – E520
Also known as Alum, cake alum, patent alum
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to improve the structure of vegetables and fruits during processing
SourcesNatural substance, derived from the mineral alunogerite or from clay
Function Acidity regulator and raising agent
Products Pickled vegetables, beer, herbal vinegar
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Amaranth – E123
Also known as CI (1975) No. 16185, CI Food Red 9, Naphtol Rot S
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
ProductsFruit brandy, soft drinks, lemonade, red gelatine, yoghurt drinks, milkshake, custard (all imported from outside the EU)
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ammonia solution – E527
Also known asAmmonium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, strong ammonia solution
Short descriptionClear liquid, for example used to control the pH value of a product and for the production of caramel
Sources Synthetic liquid, made of ammonia and water
Function Acidity regulator
Products Egg and cacao products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ammonium carbonates – E503
Also known as Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to rise the product and to neutralize sour ingredients. There are two different types of this additive, 503(i) and 503(ii)
SourcesSynthetically produced from ammonium sulphate and calcium carbonate (both natural minerals)
Function Acidity regulator and raising agent
Products Cookies, pretzels, chocolates, candy, baking powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ammonium alginate – E403
Also known as Alginic acid ammonium salt
Short description White to yellowish brown substance, serving many functions
Sources Ammonium salt of alginic acid (E400)
Function Emulsifier, thickener
Products Soft drinks, food colours, icings
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ammonium chloride
Also known as Ammonium muriate, sal ammoniac
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used in baking goods to stabilize the mixture
SourcesNatural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt. Synthetically produced from hydrochloric acid (a synthetic acid) and ammonia
Function Acidity regulator
Products Salmiac pastiles, doughnuts, low salt crackers and biscuits
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ammonium phosphate
Also known asAmmonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Short description White powder, has many uses
SourcesNatural salt, present in our body. Commercially produced from phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Baking powder, pastry filling, candy, breakfast cereals, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ammonium polyphosphate
Also known asAmmoniumpolymetaphosphate, ammoniummetaphosphate, ammoniumhexametaphosphate
Short description White powder, for example used as food source for yeast
SourcesSynthetic substance, made by heating ammonium hydrogen phosphate (E342)
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Frozen poultry, meat products, cheese spread
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid – E442
Also known as Ammonium phosphatides, emulsifier YN
Short description Substance, only used in chocolate production
SourcesMixture of the ammonium compounds of phosphatidic acids derived from edible fat (usually rapeseed oil)
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Chocolate
SuitabilityE442 is generally produced with rapeseed oil. However, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) cannot be completed excluded
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Annatto, bixin, norbixin – E160b
Also known asAnnatto B, CI (1975) 75120 (Natural Orange 4), Orlean, L. Orange, Terre orellana, annatto F, CI (1975) 75120 (Natural Orange 4), Orlean, L. Orange, Terre orellana
Short descriptionRed-brown colour liquid. There are three different types of this additive; 160b(i), 160b(ii) and 160b(iii)
SourcesNatural pigment, derived from the seeds of the annatto tree (Bixa orellana). Annatto is the mixture, bixin is the fat-soluble colour and norbixin is the water-soluble colour
Function Food colour
ProductsMargarine, cooking oil, salad dressing, cheese, ice cream, mayonnaise, chocolate cake, salads, pretzels
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ammonium sulphate – E517
Also known as Sulphuric acid diammonium salt, mascagnite
Short descriptionWhite crystals, for example used to make bread doughstronger and stable so that the texture doesn’t change
SourcesNatural substance, extracted from mascagniet. Now made synthetically from ammonium salt and sulphuric acid (E513)
Function Stabilizer
Products Bread cream, baking goods, baking powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Anthocyanins – E163
Also known as Enociania, eno
Short descriptionRed to blue colour powder. There are nine different types of this additive, a, b, c, d, e, f, (i), (ii) and (iii)
Sources Natural pigment, derived from many different plants
Function Food colour
ProductsBerry juice, pudding, custard, soft drinks, lemonade, milkshake, ice cream, yoghurt drinks, candy, ketchup
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians, except Jews because the juice can come from grapes
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Arabic gum – E414
Also known as Acacia gum, gum Arabic
Short descriptionYellow-white substance, for example used against crystals forming in sugar
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, produced from the Axacia tree (Acacia senegal)
Function Thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Chewing gum, confectionery, jelly, fondants
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Argon – E938
Also known as Ar, atomic number 18
Short descriptionColourless gas, for example used to keep the product well preserved in packaging
Sources Natural inert gas
Function Propellent gas
Products Canned products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ascorbic acid – E300
Also known asVitamin C (however, it cannot be added as a vitamin supplement when labelled E300)
Short descriptionWhite to slightly yellow, odourless crystalline powder, for example used to prevent discolouration of fruit and meat after cutting
SourcesNatural acid, which occurs naturally in most fruits and vegetables. Commercially produced by bacterial fermentation of glucose
Function Antioxidant
ProductsMilk powder, buttermilk, meatloaf, lemonade, wheat flour, beer, apple juice, grape juice, meats, jam, candy, canned mushrooms, soup, egg products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Aspartame-acesulfame salt – E962
Also known as Salt of Aspartame-acesulfame, twinsweet
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Synthetic salt, made of aspartame and acesulfame
Function Sweetener
Products Jam, canned fruit, aromatized alcoholic beverages
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Azodicarbonamide – E927b
Also known as ADA, azoformamide, carbamide, carbonyldiamide, aquadrate
Short descriptionYellow powder, for example used to optimize the dough of baked goods
Sources Synthetic substance, made of ammonia and carbon dioxide (a gas)
Function Flour treatment agent, raising agent
Products White bread, wine
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Aspartame – E951
Also known as APM, aspartyl phenylalanine methyl ester
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste ofa product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of asparaginic acid and phenylalanine (both natural amino acids). Also made of genetically modified bacteria
Function Sweetener
ProductsLemonade, soft drinks, yoghurt drinks, chewing gum, sweeteners, coffee creamer, instant pudding powder, chocolates, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Bees wax – E901
Also known as Bees wax, white or yellow
Short description
Wax, for example used to make a product shine on the outside. Also used for citrus fruit to prevent the affect of fungus and against drying out. There are two different types of this additive, 901(i) and 901(ii)
SourcesNatural wax, produced by bees. The white wax is bleached by sunlight or hydrogen peroxide
Function Glazing agent
ProductsCoffee, citrus fruit, candy, lemonade, ice cream, chewing gum, baked goods, cheese, honey
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions and vegetarians. Some vegans won’t want to eat this additive because it is made by bees
Azorubine – E122
Also known as Carmoisine, CI Food Red 3, CI (1975) No. 14720
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
ProductsFruit brandy, soft drinks, lemonade, strawberry quark, ice cream, cake, pastries, yoghurt drinks, milkshake, custard, jam, candy, marzipan
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Beet red – E162
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Natural pigment, derived from the roots of red beet
Function Food colour
ProductsStrawberry pudding, soft drinks, lemonade, jam, ketchup, candy, liquor, pastry filling
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Benzoic acid – E210
Also known as Benzenecarboxylic acid, dracylic acid, phenylcarboxylic acid
Short descriptionAcid, for example used against the growth of fungi and yeast in food products
Sources
Natural substance, present in many fruits. In addition to fruits, benzoates occur naturally in mushrooms, cinnamon, cloves and some dairy products (as a result of bacterial fermentation). For commercial purposes, it is prepared chemically from toluene
Function Preservative
ProductsSambal, ice cream, lemonade, mustard, vegetables in jars, jam, mayonnaise, margarine, egg yolk products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Benzoylperoxide
Also known as Benzoylsuperoxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, lucidol, oxy-5
Short descriptionColourless substance, for example used to optimize the flour in baked goods and to bleach flour or oil
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of benzoylchloride (an organic compound) and sodium peroxide (a synthetic compound made when sodium is burned with oxygen)
Function Flour treatment agent
Products White bread, white cheese (such as gorgonzola)
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Bentonite – E558
Also known as Bentoniteicum, aluminium silicate
Short descriptionCream-white powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product and to make a solution clear
Sources Natural substance, derived from volcanic clay
Function Anti-caking agent and emulsifier
Products Cacao butter, fruit juice, fruit wine
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Benzyl alcohol
Also known asBenzenemethanol, alpha-hydroxytoluene, phenylcarbinol, phenylmethyl alcohol
Short descriptionLiquid, for example used to optimize the taste of an aroma in a product
SourcesNatural substance, present in yasmin-, hyacinth- and ylang-ylang oil. Mostly synthetically produced
Function Flavour agent
ProductsLemonade, soft drinks, ice cream, soup, pudding powder, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Beta-Apo-8’-carotenal – E160e
Also known as CI Food Orange 6, CI (1975) No. 40820, beta carotene
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Natural pigment, derived from plants or made of beta-carotene
Function Food colour
Products Soft drinks, ice cream, candy, baked goods, pudding, soup, cheese
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Beta-Cyclodextrin – E459
Also known as BCD, cyclodextrin B, beta-cyclodextrin, beta-schardinger dextrin
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to stabilize unstable compounds in a product
Sources Synthetic compound, produced from starch
Function Stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier
Products Sugar-free candy, frozen meals, snacks, sport drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Bone phosphate
Also known as Edible bone phosphate
Short descriptionCream-white powder, for example used to clear syrups and to prevent ingredients clumping together
SourcesSubstance made from the residue of animal bones, this method is approved by authorities
Function Anti-caking agent and emulsifier
Products Cane sugar syrup
SuitabilityBecause of the animal origin of this additive, vegans and vegetarians won’t eat these products. Muslims, Jews and Hindus also can’t eat this additive because of its animal origin
Bleached starch
Also known as Partially oxidized starch, starch E
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to make a product thickerand to make the texture stronger
SourcesSynthetic substance, made by bleaching starch (also indicated as modified starch)
Function Thickener
Products Salad dressing, custard, fruit yoghurt, pudding powder, ice cream
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Brilliant black PN – E151
Also known as Black PN, CI Food Black 1, CI (1975) No. 28440
Short description Black colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
Products Custard, soft drinks, candy, liquor
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Brilliant blue FCF – E133
Also known as CI Food Blue 2, CI (1975) No. 42900, FD&C Blue No.1
Short description Blue colour powder
Sources Synthetic pigment
Function Food colour
Products Ice cream and a few other food products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Brown FK – E154
Also known as CI Food Brown 1
Short description Brown colour powder
Sources Synthetic pigment, mixture of azo dyes
Function Food colour
Products Fish products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Brown HT – E155
Also known as Chocolate brown HT, CI (1975) No. 20285, CI Food Brown 3
Short description Brown colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
Products Pasties, chocolate, cake, candy, toffees
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Butylated hydroxyanisole – E320
Also known asBHA, antracine 12, sustane 1-F, tenox BHA, embanox, nepantiox 1-F
Short descriptionWhite or slightly yellow substance, for example usedto prevent rancidity in fats and fatty products
Sources Synthetic antioxidant
Function Antioxidant
ProductsBiscuits, cake mix, pretzels, chips, cookies, oil, salad oil, chewing gum, instant soup, pudding powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Butane, isobutane – E943 a,b
Also known as n-Butane, 2-methyl propane; methyl propane
Short descriptionGas, for example used to make the product come out of the packaging, such as aerosols. Also used to freeze products
Sources Natural inert gas
Function Propellent gas
Products Aerosols
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Butylated hydroxytoluene – E321
Also known as BHT, vianol, DBMP, impruvol, antracine 8
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to prevent rancidityin fats and fatty products
Sources Synthetic antioxidant
Function Antioxidant
Products Cake mix, chewing gum, pretzels, instant sauce and soup
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. Soy-lecithin can cause an allergic reaction in people who are allergic to soybeans or eggs
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Calcium 5’-guanylate – E629
Also known as Calcium guanylate
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of guanylic acid (E626) and calcium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Bouillon cube, sprinkle flavour
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions. Cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because the origin can come from sardines
Calcium 5’-inosinate – E633
Also known as Calcium inosinate
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product. Can also be used in salt reduced products
Sources Synthetic substance, made of inosinic acid (E630) and calcium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
ProductsSoup, bouillon cubes, sausages, corned beef, hot dogs, hamburger, ham
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians as it is made from meat or fish. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
Calcium 5’-ribonucleotides – E634
Also known as Calcium ribonucleotides
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of guanylic acid (E626), inosinic acid (E630) and calcium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
ProductsLoempia, soup, bouillon cubes, sprinkle flavour, prepared minced meat, sausages, hamburger, corned beef, hot dogs, ham, low salt meat products
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because it is made from meat or fish. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
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Calcium alginate – E404
Also known as Alginic acid calcium salt
Short descriptionWhite to yellowish brown substance, for example usedto prevent crystals forming in frozen products
Sources Calcium salt of alginic acid (E400)
Function Emulsifier, thickener
Products Ice cream, frozen bakery products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium acetate – E263
Also known as Brown acetate of lime, grey acetate of lime
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used against the growth of micro-organisms in bread
Sources Synthetic salt, made of acetic acid (E260) and calcium
Function Preservative
Products Bread, instant pudding powder, cake mix
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium aluminium silicate – E556
Also known asAluminium calcium silicate, calcium aluminosilicate,calcium silicoaluminate, sodium calcium silicoaluminate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together
Sources Natural substance, derived from natural minerals
Function Anti-caking agent
ProductsNoodles, powdered sugar, instant coffee, salt, milk powder, dried egg yolk, rice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium ascorbate – E302
Also known as Calcium L-ascorbate
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to preventdiscolouration of fruit and meat
Sources Natural calcium salt of ascorbic acid
Function Antioxidant
Products Soup, egg products, ready-to-eat meat products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium benzoate – E213
Also known asBenzenecarboxylic acid calcium salt, dracylic acid calcium salt, phenylcarboxylic acid calcium salt
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast, bacteria and some fungi in food products
Sources Synthetic salt made of benzoic acid and calcium
Function Preservative
ProductsBrandy, sauces, margarine, cheese, steak tartare, chips, ketchup, sambal, mayonnaise, ice cream, marmalade, cake mix
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium carbonate – E170
Also known as Chalk
Short description White colour powder
Sources Natural mineral
Function Anti-caking agents, stabilizer
Products Ice cream, candy, salt, flavours and fragrances, soya milk
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium citrates – E333
Also known as Monocalcium citrate, dicalcium citrate, tricalcium citrate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to improve the structure of canned vegetables. There are three different types of this additive: 333(i), 333(ii), 333(iii)
Sources Calcium salt of citric acid (E330)
Function Acidity regulator
Products Few products, due to limited solubility
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium di-L-glutamate – E623
Also known as Calcium glutamate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensityof a product. Can be used in salt reduced products
Sources Synthetic substance, made of glutamic acid (E620)
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Sprinkle flavour, soup, minced meat, meat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium chloride – E509
Also known as Calcium chloride anhydrous
Short descriptionPowder, for example used to optimize the structure of vegetables and fruit
Sources Natural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt
Function Acidity regulator
ProductsApple cake mix, cheese, chocolate, candy, tomatoes, kidney beans, cream, milk powder, quark, instant pudding powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium ferrocyanide – E538
Also known as Hexacyanoferrate of calcium, yellow prussiate of lime
Short descriptionYellow substance, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Synthetically made of calcium hydroxide (E526)
Function Anti-caking agent
Products Dietary salt
Suitability Can be used by all religions and vegetarians
Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate – E385
Also known as Calcium disodium edetate, calcium disodium EDTA
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize the structure of a product
Sources Synthetic compound, calcium/sodium salt of EDTA
Function Stabilizer, sequestrant (metal binder)
ProductsMayonnaise, cauliflower, kidney beans, lentils or beans in jars, liquor, peanut butter, canned shrimps, canned crab
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium gluconate – E578
Also known asCalciumdigluconate, calcium-di-D-gluconate monohydrate, calciofon
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product and to improve the structure of a product during processing
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of gluconic acid (E574) and calcium carbonate
Function Anti-caking agent
ProductsCheese, pudding powder, sugar replacers, chocolate, candy, chocolate cake, dried apples, canned tomatoes
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium hydroxide – E526
Also known as Slaked lime
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to control the pH value in a product. Also used to improve the structure of vegetables and fruit during processing
Sources Synthetic substance, extracted from calciumoxide
Function Acidity regulator
ProductsCheese, cacao products, wine, sweet frozen products, dried fish, chips
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium lactate – E327
Also known as Calcium dilactate
Short descriptionWhite to cream coloured powder, for example used against the growth of fungi and yeasts
Sources Calcium salt of lactic acid (E270)
Function Preservative
ProductsWhipped cream, cheese spread, ice cream, soup, industrial baking powder
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. Although the name refers to milk, it is not made from milk and so suitable for people with a milk allergy or lactose intolerance
Calcium hydrogen sulphite – E227
Also known as Calcium bisulphite solution
Short descriptionGreen-yellow liquid, for example used as a preservative in beer production
Sources Synthetic calcium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Beer
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium lignosulfonate (40-65)
Also known as Lignosulfonic acid, calcium salt (40-65)
Short description
Brown powder, for example used to optimize the tasteof an aroma in a product
SourcesNatural substance, extracted from the sulphite pulpingof softwood
Function Flavour solvent
Products Fruit drinks, vitamin drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium malate – E352
Also known as Calcium hydrogen malate, calcium malate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to thicken and give strength to the product. Also used to prevent colour reduction
Sources Calcium salt of malic acid (E296)
Function Thickener
Products Fried products, ice cream, marmalade
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium oxide – E529
Also known as Lime
Short descriptionGrey-white powder, for example used to clear the juice in sugar production and to stabilize ingredients in bakery goods. Also used as a food source of yeast
Sources Synthetic powder, extracted from limestone or chalk
Function Acidity regulator
Products Cacao, ice cream mix, chocolate, sour cream, waffles
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium polyphosphate
Also known asCalciumpolymetaphophate, calciummetaphosphate, calciumhexametaphosphate
Short descriptionColourless powder, for example used to prevent demixingin melted cheese
Sources Synthetic substance, made by heating calciumphosphate
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Cheese spread, cheese without crust
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium phosphate – E341
Also known asMonocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent clumps formingin powders
SourcesNatural salt, present in our body. Commercially produced from phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Acidity regulator, anti-caking agent, sequestrant (metal binder)
ProductsBakery products, baking powder, pastry filling, candy, breakfast cereals, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium propionate – E282
Also known as Calcium propanoate, calcium-mycoban
Short description White substance, for example used against fungus
Sources Natural calcium salt, derived from propionic acid (E280)
Function Preservative
Products Rye bread, baked goods with chocolate, frozen pizza
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium sorbate – E203
Also known as Calcium salt of sorbic acid
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of fungi and yeast in a food product
SourcesNatural salt, present in the fruit of mountain ash trees. Commercially made by a synthetic process
Function Preservative
ProductsRye bread, fruit yoghurt, concentrated fruit juice, frozen pizza, jam, meat and fish salads, meatballs, dairy products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate – E482
Also known as Calcium stearoyl lactylate, calcium stearoyl lactate
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to optimizethe baking process in bread
SourcesSynthetic mixture of calcium, stearic acid (a natural saturated fatty acid) and lactic acid (E270)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Bread, cream, candy, potato flakes
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium silicate – E552
Also known as Micro-cell, silene, sil-ka
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product and to improve shine, such as candy
Sources Natural substance, derived from chalk and special sand
Function Anti-caking agent
ProductsSalt, baking powder, chewing gum, candy, glace of sugar, instant sauce and soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium sulphite – E226
Also known as Calcium salt of sulphurous acid
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of bacteria, fungi and some yeast in food products
Sources Synthetic calcium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Cider, fruit juice, granulated sugar
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Calcium peroxide
Also known as Calcium superoxide
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to bleach flourand optimize flour in baked goods
Sources Synthetic substance, made of calcium
Function Flour treatment agent
Products White bread, pastry
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium sulphate – E516
Also known as Gipsum, annaline, alabaster, sleniet, terra alba, satin spar
Short descriptionYellow-white powder, for example used to optimize the function of gelling agents and the structure of vegetables and fruit during processing. Also used to make bread dough stable
SourcesSynthetically produced from calcium salts and sulphuric acid (E513). Natural mineral
Function Stabilizer
Products Danish blue cheese, gorgonzola, beer, tomatoes, pepper, potatoes
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Calcium tartarate – E354
Also known as DL-calcium tartarate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used in seaweed to mask the odour of fish
Sources Calcium salt of tartaric acid (E334)
Function Acidity regulator, preservative
Products Fish and fruit preserves, seaweed products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Candilla wax – E902
Also known as Candilla cera, euphorbia wax
Short descriptionBrown-yellow wax, for example used to makea product shine on the outside
Sources Natural wax, made of plants
Function Glazing agent
Products Coffee, candy, chewing gum, fruit
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Canthaxanthin – E161g
Also known as CI Food Orange 8, CI (1975) No. 40850
Short description Orange colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, present in many plants and birds. Commercially prepared from catharelles (mushroom) or flamingo feathers. However, it is mainly produced synthetically from carotene
Function Food colour
Products Imported egg yolk (from outside EU), salmon, canned shrimp
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Carmine and carmine acid – E120
Also known as CI (1975) No. 75470, CI Natural Red 4, Cochineal carmine
Short description Red colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, derived from the coccus insect(Dactylopius coccus)
Function Food colour
ProductsFruit dessert, strawberry sauce, soft drinks, lemonade, yoghurt drinks, milkshake, lipstick, eye shadow
SuitabilityNOT for all religions, vegans and vegetarians because this additive comes from insects.
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Carbon dioxide – E290
Also known as Dry ice
Short descriptionColourless gas, for example used in carbonated drinks for the sparkling effect
Sources Natural gas, part of air
Function Preservative
ProductsCarbonated soft drinks, sparkling alcoholic drinks, spray whipped cream, freeze dried vegetables, pre-packed foods
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Caramel – E150 (a,b,c,d)
Also known asSugar couleur, burnt sugar, alkaline caramel, Class I caramel, alkali-sulphite caramel, Class II caramel, ammonia caramel, Class III caramel, sulphite-ammonia caramel, Class IV caramel
Short descriptionBrown colour powder, there are four different types of this additive, 150a, 150b, 150c and 150d
SourcesNatural pigment, made by heating sugar. There are four different methods to make this colour, so there are four subadditives (a, b, c and d)
Function Food colour
ProductsBeer, liqueur, whisky, cognac, vinegar, pudding, bouillon, soft drinks, ice cream, cookies, candy, toffee, ketjap, peanut sauce
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Carnauba wax – E903
Also known as Brazil wax
Short descriptionGreen wax, for example used to make a product shine on the outside
SourcesNatural wax, made from palm leaves of the Canauba palm or related trees
Function Glazing agent
Products Citrus fruit, coffee, baked goods, chewing gum, chocolate
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Carob bean gum – E410
Also known as Locust bean gum, visco gum
Short descriptionYellow-white powder, for example used to make gelsor to make products thicker
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, extracted from the seeds of theCarob tree (Ceratonia siliqua)
Function Stabilizer, emulsifier, thickener
ProductsFrozen desserts, cultured dairy products, cream cheese, sauces, chocolate spread
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Carotenes – E160a
Also known asCI Food Orange 5, CI (1975) No. 40800, carotenes-natural, CI (1975) No. 75130, CI (1975) No. 40800 (beta-Carotene), Natural beta-carotene
Short descriptionYellow-orange colour powder. There are two different types of this additive 160a(i) and 160a(ii)
SourcesNatural (160a(ii)) and synthetic (160a(i)) pigment, derivedfrom plants and carrots
Function Food colour
ProductsCheese, margarine, soup, mayonnaise, pudding, custard, soft drinks, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Castor oil
Also known as Ricinus oil
Short descriptionLight-yellow oil, for example used to optimize the tasteof an aroma in the product
SourcesNatural oil, extracted from the seeds of the Ricinus tree (castor bean)
Function Flavour solvent
Products Sugar candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Cassia gum – E427
Short descriptionPale yellow-white powder, for example used to make products thicker
Sources Natural substance, extracted from the seeds of the Cassia plants
Function Thickener, emulsifier
Products Cheese, frozen dairy desserts, meat and poultry products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Carrageenan – E407
Also known asEucheuman, furcellaran or Danish agar, hypnean, iridophycan, Irish moss gelos
Short descriptionYellow-white powder, for example used to form gels or make the product thicker. There are three different types of this additive, the most common one is 407a, processed Eucheuma seaweed
Sources Natural carbohydrate, produced by seaweeds
Function Thickener, stabilizer
ProductsIce cream, flavoured milk, bakery products, salad dressings, cheese
Suitability Can be used by all religions and vegetarians
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Cellulose – E460
Also known as Microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose gel, powdered cellulose
Short description White powder, with many uses
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, present in plants and wood.Commercially prepared from wood
Function Thickener, anti-caking agent, emulsifier
ProductsFrozen pudding, canned whipped cream, chocolate, candy, chewing gum, meats, bread, ice cream
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Chlorine
Also known as Chloor, chlor, chlore, cholo, monocular chlorine
Short descriptionYellow-green gas, for example used to bleach flour and optimize flour in baked goods
Sources Natural gas obtained from salt
Function Flour treatment agent
Products Cake flour, walnuts, mushrooms, white bread
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Chlorophyll – E140
Also known asCI Natural Green 3, CI (1975) No. 75810, magnesium phaeophytin, magnesium chlorophyll
Short description Green colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, present in all plants and algae.Commercially extracted from nettle, grass and alfalfa
Function Food colour
ProductsFeta cheese, mayonnaise with herbs, concentrated green vegetables, soft drinks, lemonade, ice cream, fruit yoghurt
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Copper complexes of chlorophyll – E141
Also known asCI (1975) No. 75810, CI Natural Green 3, Copper chlorophyll, Copper phaeophytin
Short description Green colour powder
SourcesSynthetic pigment, extracted from the green colour agent chlorophyll (E140, made of plants and algea)
Function Food colour
Products Custard, pudding, soft drinks, lemonade, ice cream, wine gums
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Cholic acid
Also known as Cholate, choleate
Short descriptionColourless substance, for example used to combine ingredients in a product that normally wouldn’t mix
SourcesNatural substance, present in the bile of vertebrate animals. Also made synthetically
Function Emulsifier
Products Protein powder
SuitabilityCannot be used by all vegans, vegetarians and religions, because of its origin (chicken egg)
Citric acid – E330
Also known asCitric acid monohydrate, citric acid anhydrous, B-hydroxytricarballic acid
Short descriptionWhite or colourless powder, for example used to decrease enzymatic browning of fruit and fruit products
SourcesNatural acid, found in citrus fruits, kiwi, strawberries and many other fruits. It is commercially prepared by fermentation of molasses with the mould Aspergillus niger
Function Acidity regulator
ProductsMeat, jam, marmalade, canned vegetables and fruit, soft drinks, lemonade, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressing, mustard, cheesecake, beer, wine, cider, ice cream, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose – E468
Also known asCrosscarmellose sodium, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked sodium CMC, cross-linked cellulose gum, cross-linked CMC
Short description White to greyish-white powder
SourcesSynthetic salt, made of sodium and carboxymethyl cellulose (E466, a synthetic substance of cellulose)
Function Stabilizer and thickener
ProductsCheese, canned vegetables, breakfast cereals, pre-cooked pasta and noodles, baked goods
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Cupric sulphate
Also known as Copper sulphate, blue stone
Short descriptionBlue powder, for example used against the growthof bacteria and to add colour to a product
Sources Natural substance, extracted from sulphuric acid (E513)
Function Preservative and colour agent
Products Meat, cereals, vegetables, grapes, melons, berries
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Curcumin – E100
Also known as Kurkum, turmeric yellow
Short description Yellow-orange colour powder
Sources Food colour
Function Preservative
Products Curry powder, curcuma, salad dressing, mayonnaise
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Cyclotetraglucose
Also known asCycloalternanotetraose, cyclotetraose, cycloalternan, cyclic nigerosyl-(1→6)-nigerose
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize the taste of an aroma in a product
SourcesNatural substance, present in sake leeks. Synthetically produced from acetic acid
Function Flavour solvent
Products Bread, dairy products, fruit juice, canned soup, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Curdlan
Also known as beta-1,3-Glucan
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make products thicker and stable
Sources Natural substance, produced by bacteria
Function Thickener, stabilizer, firming agent, gelling agent
ProductsCheese, fat spread, canned vegetables and fruit, breakfast cereals, chocolate products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Cyclamates – E952
Also known as Cyclohexylsulfamic acid, sodium cyclamate, calcium cyclamate
Short description
White substance, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value and to make the taste of fruit stronger. There are three different types of this additive, 952(i), 952(ii) and 952(iii)
Sources Synthetic salt of cyclamic acid (a sweet/sour acid)
Function Sweetener
Products Canned fruit and fruit cocktail, baked goods, jam, pudding
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Delta-Tocopherol – E309
Also known as Vitamin E, DL-delta-tocopherol
Short description Oily liquid, for example used to prevent rancidity of fatty products
SourcesNatural extract of vegetable oils (especially derived from soybean oil), also made synthetically
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fats, particularly olive oil, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Dextrin
Also known as British gum, white or yellow dextrin, roasted starch
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to make a product thicker and to let the outside of a product shine
SourcesNatural substance, made by heating starch (also indicated as modified starch)
Function Thickener
Products Custard, beer, liquor, candy, chewing gum, low energy products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Dicalcium pyrophosphate
Also known as Calcium pyrophosphate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used in dough to make the texture stable and bread or baking goods rise
Sources Synthetic salts of phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Emulsifier, acidity regulator and raising agent
Products Cookies, cheesecake, cheese without crust, frozen bread, pretzels
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Also known as Docusate sodium, DSS
Short descriptionWaxy substance, for example it prevents a product from drying out, used to make a firm structure
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of octane (a hydrocarbon), malic acid (E296) and sodium
Function Emulsifier
Products Sweetener tablets, bouillon cubes, instant cacao powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Dimethyl dicarbonate – E242
Also known as Dimethyl pyrocarbonate, DMDC
Short description Colourless liquid, for example used to prevent spoiling
Sources Synthetic liquid
Function Preservative
Products Soft drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Dilauryl thiodipropionate
Also known as DLTDP, didodecyl ester, thiodipropionic acid dilauryl ester
Short description White powder, for example used to prevent rancidity
Sources Synthetic compound
Function Antioxidant
Products Fats and oils
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Dipotassium 5’-guanylate – E628
Also known as Potassium guanylate, potassium 5’-guanylate
Short descriptionColourless substance, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of guanylic acid (E626) and potassium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Sprinkle flavour, soup, meat, bouillon cubes
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions. Cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because the origin can come from sardines
Dipotassium 5’-inosinate – E632
Also known as Potassium inosinate, potassium 5’-inosinate
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to increase thetaste intensity of a product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of inosinic acid (E630)and potassium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Soup, meat, bouillon cubes
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians becauseit is made from meat or fish. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
Diphenyl – E230
Also known as Diphenyl, 1,1-Biphenyl, bibenzene, phenyl benzene
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used against fungi (mostly used on citrus fruit)
Sources Synthetic substance, derived from heating benzene
Function Preservative
Products Oranges, lemons, grapefruit, fruit in syrup, jam of citrus fruit
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Disodium 5’-inosinate – E631
Also known as IMP, sodium 5’-inosinate, sodium inosinate, I-nucleotide
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product
Sources Synthetic substance, made of inosinic acid (E630) and sodium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
ProductsSoup, sprinkle flavour, bouillon cubes, sausages, hamburger, ham, corned beef, chips
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because it is made from meat or fish. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
Disodium 5’-guanylate – E627
Also known as GMP, sodium guanylate, sodium 5’-guanylate, G-nucleotide
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the tasteintensity of a product
Sources Synthetic substance, made of guanylic acid (E626) and sodium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
ProductsSprinkle flavour, bouillon cubes, soup, corned beef, hamburger, sausages, hot dogs
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions. Cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because the origin can come from sardines
Disodium 5’-ribonucleotides – E635
Also known as Sodium ribonucleotides, sodium 5’-ribonucleotides
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensityof a product
Sources Synthetic mixture of inosinic acid (E630) and guanylic acid (E626)
Function Flavour enhancer
ProductsSprinkle flavour, bouillon cubes, soup, meat, canned corned beef, hot dogs, hamburger
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because it is made from meat or fish. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
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Di-starch phosphates – E1412
Also known as Starch I
Short description Substance, for example used to make a product thicker
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of starch and phosphoroxychloride (a synthetic liquid, made of phophor and chloride)
Function Thickener
Products Frozen pastry and cake, mayonnaise, ice cream, pudding
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Dodecyl gallate – E312
Also known as Lauryl gallate, gallic acid dodecyl ester, gallic acid lauryl ester
Short descriptionWhite or creamy-white solid, for example used to prevent rancidity
Sources Synthetically made of lauryl (an alcohol) and gallic acid
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fats, milk powder, soup, biscuit, margarine
Suitability
Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. However, there is the possibility that the lauric acid used for lauryl alcohol is obtained from animal fat, although the main source is vegetable fat. Use of animal (incl. pork) fat cannotbe ruled out
Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Also known as Disodium EDTA, disodium edetate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize thestructure of a product
Sources Synthetic compound
Function Stabilizer, sequestrant (metal binder)
ProductsMayonnaise, cauliflower, kidney beans, lentils or beans in jars, liquor, peanut butter, canned shrimps, canned crab
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Erythorbic acid – E315
Also known as Iso-ascorbic acid
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to prevent change of colour
Sources Synthetic variant of vitamin C
Function Antioxidant
Products Sliced meat, beverages, baked goods
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Erythrosine – E127
Also known as CI (1975) No. 45430, CI Food Red 14, FD&C Red No. 3
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Synthetic dye
Function Emulsifier
ProductsCocktail cherries, custard, chewing gum, candy, glacé-biscuits, strawberry sauce (all imported from outside the EU)
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Esters of glycerol – E472
Also known as
Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol, acetylated mono- and diglycerides, acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides, acetoglycerides, citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol, citroglycerides, CITREM, citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides
Short descriptionWaxy substance, for example used to improve the volume and texture of a product (such as bread). There are seven different types of this additive, 472a to 472g
SourcesCompound of synthetic fats, extracted from glycerol and natural fat
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
ProductsPudding powder, pastry, cake mix, bread, cookies, chocolate milk, frozen pizza, soup, margarine, coffee creamer
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8’-carotenoic acid – E160f
Also known as CI (1975) No. 40825, CI Food Orange 7
Short description Red colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, derived from plants or made synthetically of beta-apo-8’-carotenal (E160e)
Function Food colour
ProductsSoft drinks, ice cream, candy, baked goods, pudding, soup, processed cheese
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ethyl cellulose – E462
Also known as Ethocel
Short descriptionWhite-grey powder, for example used to equally distribute the colour over the whole product and to prevent ingredients clumping together
Sources Synthetically made of wood-pulp or cotton
Function Thickener, stabilizer
Products Aromatic substances
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose
Also known asBermocoll EBS 481 FQ, cellulose ethyl hydroxyethyl ether, ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, etulos, bermocoll E 511 FQ
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to make the product thicker and stable
Sources Synthetic substance, extracted from cellulose
Function Preservative and colour agena Emulsifier, stabilizer and thickener
ProductsCheese, canned vegetables, breakfast cereals, pre-cooked pasta and noodles, baked goods
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ethyl lauroyl arginate
Also known as Lauric acid ester
Short description White powder, for example used against the growth of bacteria
Sources Synthetic salt
Function Preservative
ProductsCheese, dried fruit, fruit filling for pastries, chewing gum, egg products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ethyl maltol
Also known as 3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone; 2-Ethyl pyromeconic acid
Short descriptionWhite substance with a sweet taste and the smell of candyfloss, for example used to give taste to a product and make the taste of a product stronger
Sources Synthetic substance, made of maltol
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Chocolate, candy, pastry, pudding powder, fruit sauces
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans because the origin can be milk. Although this additive can be made of the milk sugar lactose it doesn’t contain any lactose, so people who are lactose intolerant can use it
Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate – E214
Also known as Ethylparaben, ripagin A, solbrol A
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeastand fungi in food products
Sources Synthetic substance
Function Preservative
Products Candied fruit, pasty filling, dessert sauce, fruit candy, fruit juice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ferric ammonium citrate
Also known asAmmonium iron citrate, ammonium ferric citrate, iron ammonium citrate
Short description
Brown or green salt, for example used to enrich the amount of iron in a product and to prevent salt from caking together. There are two different types of this additive, 381(i) which has a brown colour and 381(ii) which has a green colour
Sources Mixture of ammonium, iron and citric acid (E330)
Function Anti-caking agent
Products Bread flour, salt
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid, Ascorbyl palmitate, Ascorbyl stearate – E304
Also known as Ascorbyl palmitate, Ascorbyl stearate
Short descriptionWhite or yellowish-white solid, with a citrus-like odour. There are two different types of this additive, 304i (Ascorbyl palmitate) an 304ii (Ascorbyl stearate)
SourcesSyntethically made of a combination of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, E300) and palmitic acid (a fatty acid) or stearic acid (a fatty acid)
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fats, margarine, chewing gum
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. However, it is possible the palmitic acid is obtained from animal fat (incl. pork)
Ferro carbonate
Also known as Ferro (II) carbonate, ferrous carbonate
Short description Powder, for example used to enrich products with iron
Sources Natural mineral, present in natural mineral water
Function Acidity regulator
Products Fruit lemonade, dietary products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ferrohexacyano manganate – E537
Also known as Ferrous hexacyanomanganate
Short descriptionPowder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Synthetic substance, made of iron hydroxide
Function Anti-caking agent
Products Salmiac salt, licorice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ferrous gluconate – E579
Also known as Iron(II)gluconate, fergon, ferlucon, iromon, irox
Short descriptionYellow-grey powder, for example used to enrich theproduct with iron and to add colour
Sources Synthetic salt, made of gluconic acid (E574) and iron
Function Colour agent
Products Olives
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Ferrous lactate – E585
Also known as Ironlactate, iron(II)lactate
Short descriptionGreen-white powder, for example used to enrich foodproducts with iron
Sources Synthetic substance, derived from lactic acid (E270)
Function Nutrient
Products Baby nutrition
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Gellan gum – E418
Also known as Amylopektine
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make products thicker and stable
Sources Natural carbohydrate, produced by bacteria
Function Thickener, stabilizer
Products Milk products, sauces, fruit juice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Gamma-Tocopherol – E308
Also known as Vitamin E, DL-gamma-tocopherol
Short description Oily liquid, for example used to prevent rancidity of fatty products
Sources Natural extract of vegetable oils, also made synthetically
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fats, particularly olive oil
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Fumaric acid – E297
Also known as Allomaleic acid, boletic acid
Short description Acid with many functions
SourcesNatural acid, present in many fruits and vegetables. Commercially made by fermentation of sugar by fungi or synthetically
Function Acid, antioxidant and stabilizer
Products Baking powder, pudding powder, candy, marmalade
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Gluconic acid – E574
Also known asD-gluconic acid, dextron acid, maltn acid, glycon acid, glyconene acid
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to prevent lemonade turningbrown because of the reaction with oxygen
Sources Synthetic substance, made of glucose by fungi
Function Antioxidant
Products Fruit lemonade, pudding powder, fruit juice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Glucose oxidase and catalase from Aspergillus Niger
Also known asAero-glucose dehydrogenase, glucose aerodehydrogenase, glucose oxyhydrase, notatin
Short descriptionWhite-brown substance, for example used to prevent spoilage due to oxidation
Sources Natural enzyme, extracted from fungus
Function Antioxidant
Products Milk, cheese, eggs, salad, canned vegetables
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Glucono delta-lactone – E575
Also known as GDL, glucono-delta-lactone, delta-gluconolactone, gluconolactone
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used in the production of beerand to speed up the ripening of dried sausages
Sources Synthetic substance, made of glucose by bacteria
Function Anti-caking agent
ProductsPudding powder, canned corned beef, ham, hot dog, milk, beer, cake mix, baking powder, canned vegetables and fruit
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Glycerol – E422
Also known as Glycerin, trihydroxypropane, IFP
Short description Clear syrupy liquid, for example used to make products sweeter
SourcesNatural substance, compound of fat. This additive is commercially produced either synthetically from propene (organic compound), or by bacterial fermentation of sugars; it is not produced from fat
Function Sweetener, humectant
Products Baking and confectionery products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Glycerol ester of wood rosin – E445
Short description
Yellow to pale amber solid, for example used to mix the ingredients of a product. There are three different types of this additive: glycerol ester of gum rosin (445(i)), glycerol ester of talloil rosin (445(ii)), glycerol ester of wood rosin (445(iii))
Sources Synthetic mixture of glycerol and wood resin
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Energy drinks, sport drinks, water based drink
Suitability Can be used by all religions and vegetarians
Glycerol diacetate – E1517
Also known as Diacetin
Short descriptionClear oily liquid, for example used to dissolve flavouring agents in a product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of acetic acid (E260) and glycerol(a type of alcohol)
Function Flavour solvent
ProductsIce cream, chewing gum, candy, marshmallows, cola, chocolate, wine, beer
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Glycines – E640
Also known as Glycine, sodium glycinate
Short descriptionSweet substance, for example used to increase the taste intensity and sweetness of a product
Sources Mainly produced from gelatin, partly synthetic
Function Bread enhancer
Products Bakery products
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because it is made from animal bones. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
Green S – E142
Also known as CI Food Green 4, CI (1975) No. 44090, Food Green S
Short description Green colour powder
Sources Synthetic pigment
Function Food colour
ProductsCustard, pudding, cake mix, instant sauces, soft drinks,lemonade, candy, ice cream, milkshake, fruit yoghurt
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Gold – E175
Also known as CI 77480
Short description Gold-yellow colour powder
Sources Natural metal, derived from pulverized gold ore
Function Food colour
Products Pastry decoration
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Guaiac gum
Also known as Guaiacum, guaiac resin
Short description Brown powder, for example used against rancidity
SourcesNatural resin of the tree Guajacum officinale andsome related tropical trees
Function Antioxidant
Products Cola
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Guar gum – E412
Also known as Gum cyamopsis, guar flour, Jaguar, cyamopsiggum, Mazaca
Short descriptionWhite to yellowish-white powder, for example used to make gels or make products thicker
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, produced from the guar shrub (plant) found in Pakistan and India
Function Thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Processed meat, dressings, sauces, instant soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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5’-Guanylic Acid – E626
Also known as GMP, guanylic acid
Short descriptionWhite powder. Guanylic acid and guanylates do not have the specific umami taste but strongly enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amount of salt needed in a product
SourcesNatural substance, present in all living organisms. Mostly synthetically derived from sardines and yeast-extract
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Meat, canned fish
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions. Cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because the origin can come from sardines
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Hexamethylene tetramine – E239
Also known as Hexamine, methenamine
Short description White powder, for example used against fungi
Sources Synthetic acid
Function Preservative
Products Caviar, pickled herring, canned fish
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Hydrochloric acid – E507
Also known as Muriatic acid
Short description Clear liquid, for example used to control the pH value of a product
SourcesSynthetically produced from rock salt and sulphuric acid (E513). Natural acid, present in gastric juice
Function Acidity regulator
Products Cheese spread, beer
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Helium – E939
Also known as He, atomic number 2
Short descriptionColourless gas, for example used to keep the product well preserved in packaging
Sources Natural inert gas
Function Propellent gas
Products Food transported in containers with pressure
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Hydrogenated poly-1-decene – E907
Also known as Hydrogenated poly-alpha-olefin
Short descriptionColourless substance, for example used to prevent cheese becoming dry and the formation of foam in a product. Also used to make a product shine on the outside
SourcesSynthetic mixture of hydrocarbons (an organic compound of hydrogen and carbon)
Function Glazing agent, preservative and anti-foaming agent
Products Crust of cheese, chewing gum, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Hydroxypropyl cellulose – E463
Also known asCellulose hydroxypropyl ether, modified cellulose, klucel, cellulose HPC
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the product thicker and to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix
SourcesSynthetic substance, extracted from cellulose (of wood) by high temperature
Function Emulsifier, thickener and stabilizer
Products Sugar glazes, canned whipped cream, frozen desserts
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Hydrogen – E949
Also known as Protium
Short description Gas, for example used to maintain the shelf life of a product
Sources Natural gas
Function Propellent gas
Products Gas packed food products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Hydroxypropyl-di-starchphosphate – E1442
Also known as Starch R
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make a product thickerand to make the texture stronger
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of starch with propylene oxide (an organic compound) and phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Thickener, stabilizer, binding agent and gelling agent
Products Frozen pudding, ice cream
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose – E464
Also known as Hypromellose
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used as filler and to prevent ingredients clumping together
SourcesSynthetic substance, extracted from cellulose (of wood) or chemically modified
Function Gelling agent, stabilizer and thickener
Products Instant pudding powder, instant mousse, frozen ice cream, waffles
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Hydroxypropylstarch – E1440
Also known as Starch K
Short description Substance, for example used to improve the texture
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of starch and propylene oxide (an organic compound)
Function Emulsifier, thickener and binding agent
ProductsCoffee creamer, caramel chocolates, dried plums, kidney beans, almonds, nuts
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone – E1202
Also known as
Cross linked polyvidone, crosspovidone, cross linked homopolymer of 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidone, insoluble cross linked homopolymer of N-vinyl-1-pyrrolidone,polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, insoluble PVP
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent discolouration and colour loss
Sources Synthetic substance, a polymer (a chain of identical molecules)
Function Stabilizer and colour agent
Products Dairy products, cheese, canned vegetables, breakfast cereals
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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5’-Inosinic acid – E630
Also known as IMP, inosinic acid
Short description
Colourless or white powder. Inosinic acid and inosinates do not have the specific umami taste but strongly enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amount of salt or other flavour enhancers needed in a product
SourcesNatural substance, present in all living organisms. Synthetic process by extraction from meat or fish (sardines). May also be produced by bacterial fermentation of sugars
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Soup, spiced minced meat, meat
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians because it is made from meat or fish. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
Indigotine – E132
Also known asCI Food Blue 1, CI (1975) No. 73015, FD&C Blue No. 2, Indigo Carmine
Short description Blue colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, derived form the shrub Indigofera tinctoria. However commercially it is produced synthetically
Function Food colour
Products Custard, ice cream, mustard, soft drinks, lemonade, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Iron oxides – E172
Also known asCI (1975) No. 77499, I (1975) No. 77492, CI pigment black 11, CI (1975) No. 77491, CI pigment yellow 42 and 43, CI pigment red 101 and 102, Iron oxide black, Iron oxide red, Iron oxide yellow
Short descriptionBlack, brown-red and yellow colour powder. There are three different types of this additive; 172(i) (black), 172(ii) (brown-red), 172(iii) (yellow)
Sources Natural minerals, but commercially made of iron powder
Function Food colour
ProductsCandy, salmon pasta, cake mix, ready-to-eat desserts, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Invertase from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae – E1103
Also known as Invertin, saccharase, sucrase
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used in bakery goods to optimize the texture
Sources Natural enzyme, extracted from fungus
Function Stabilizer
Products Baked goods, chocolate
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Isomalt – E953
Also known as Hydrogenated isomaltulose
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Synthetic substance, made of saccharose
Function Sweetener
Products Candy, jam
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Konjac flour – E425
Also known as Konjac gum, konjac glucomannane, konnyaku, conjac, yam flour
Short description White powder, for example used to make products thicker
SourcesNatural substance, extracted from the tubers of the Amorphophallus
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener, gelling agent
Products Desserts, confectionery
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Karaya gum – E416
Also known asGum sterculia, gum karaya, karaya, katilo, kadaya, kullo, kuterra, sterculia
Short descriptionYellow-brown substance, for example used to prevent crystals forming in ice
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, obtained from the tree Sterculia urens found in India, as well as some related trees
Function Thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer
ProductsSalad dressing, soup, sauces, snacks, cheese spreads, bakery products, desserts, egg-based liqueurs
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Isopropyl citrate mixture
Also known as Isopropyl citrates
Short descriptionColourless syrup, for example used in fatty products to prevent rancidity
Sources Mixture of the alcohol propanol and citric acid (E330)
Function Antioxidant and preservative
Products Fat spreads, vegetable oil and fat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Lactitol – E966
Also known as Lactobiosit, lactit, lactositol
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
SourcesSynthetic substance, produced by milk sugar derived from whey (milk)
Function Sweetener
ProductsSugar free candy, chewing gum, chocolates, hard baked goods like cookies
Suitability
Can be used by all religions and vegetarians. Cannot be used by vegans, because the origin is milk. Although this additive can be made of milk, it doesn’t contain the milk sugar lactose, so people who are lactose intolerant can use this additive
Lactic acid – E270
Also known asDL-Lactic acid; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, lactovagan, racemic lactic acid, tonsilosan
Short descriptionWhite liquid, for example used against the growth of yeast and fungi
SourcesNatural acid, produced by bacteria in fermented products like sour milk
Function Preservative and acid
ProductsSpicy tomato sauce, carbonated drinks, beer, sangria, buttermilk, margarine, mayonnaise, candy, fish, bread, pastry, fried snacks
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. It doesn’t contain milk or lactose, so people with a milk allergy or lactose intolerance can use this additive as well
L-Cysteine – E920
Also known as Cysteine, L- and its hydrochlorides – sodium and potassium salts
Short description Substance, for example used in bread to optimize the dough
Sources Synthetic substance, derived from proteins
Function Flour treatment agent
Products Beverages without gas, wholewheat bread, wholewheat cookies
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans and vegetarians becauseit is made from animal sources. The origin of the meat isn’t always clear, so Muslims, Jews and Hindus can’t use this additive unless the origin is known
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L-Glutamic acid – E620
Also known as Glutamic acid
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product so less salt is needed
Sources Synthetic substance, made of carbohydrates or vegetable proteins
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Soup, spiced minced meat, meat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Lecithin – E322
Also known as Phospholipids, phosphatides
Short description Waxy substance, for example used to make chocolate softer
SourcesNatural compound found in all living organisms. Commercially derived from egg yolk and soy beans
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Cookies, biscuits, coffee creamer, margarine, desserts
SuitabilityThe lecithin is not only derived from soy beans but also from chicken eggs. The origin of this compound should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
L-Cystine – E921
Also known as Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize the flour of baked goods
Sources Synthetic substance, derived from proteins
Function Flour treatment agent
Products Bread, cream
SuitabilityThe use of animal products cannot be excluded completely, so this additive can’t be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Lutein – E161b
Also known as Bo-Xan (lutein), vegetable luteol, vegetable lutein, xanthophylls
Short description Yellow colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, present in many plants. Commercially prepared from grass, nettles or Tagetes species
Function Food colour
Products Soup, liquor
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Lipase from animal
Also known as Lipase, triglycerin lipase, tributyrase
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used in the fermentation of cheese and yoghurt products. This additive has many functions
SourcesNatural enzyme, extracted from fungi and animals (forestomach and pancreatic)
Function Stabilizer
Products Cheese, yoghurt
SuitabilityThe use of animal products can’t be excluded completely, so this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Lithol Rubine BK – E180
Also known asBrilliant carmine 6B, carmine 6B, CI pigment red 57, CI (1975) No. 15850, FD&C red No. 7, litholrubintoner BKL, permanent rubin L6B, rubinpigment
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
Products Cheese
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Magnesium carbonates – E504
Also known asMagnesium hydroxide carbonate, hydrated basic magnesium carbonate, magnesium subcarbonate (light or heavy), magnesium carbonate hydroxide
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used against colour loss or to extract water from the product
SourcesSynthetically produced from magnesium hydroxide or derived from magnetite, lansfordiet, limestone or dolomite (all natural substances). Also occurs as a natural mineral
Function Acidity regulator and anti-caking agent
Products Salt, chewing gum, sour cream, butter, ice cream, raw cacao
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Lysozyme hydrochloride – E1105
Also known asLysozyme, muramidase, N-acetyl muramidase, globulin G1, delvozyme
Short description White powder, for example used to prevent decay of the product
SourcesNatural substance, present in body fluids like tears and blood. Mostly made of chicken eggs or produced by bacteria
Function Preservative
Products Baby nutrition
SuitabilityCannot be used by vegans, because it is made from animal sources. Vegetarians and all religions can use this additive
Lycopene – E160d
Also known as y-caroteen, lycopine
Short descriptionDark red colour. There are three different types of this additive; 160d(i), 160d(ii) and 160d(iii)
SourcesNatural pigment, present in many yellow and red plants and fruits. Commercially isolated from tomatoes
Function Food colour
Products Cheese, salad dressing, custard
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Magnesium di-L-glutamate – E625
Also known as Magnesium glutamate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product. Can also be used in salt reduced products
Sources Synthetic substance, made of glutamic acid (E620)
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Low salt meat products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Magnesium chloride – E511
Also known as Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, magnogene
Short descriptionPowder, for example used to make vegetables andfruit stronger during processing and to prevent colour loss
Sources Natural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt
Function Acidity regulator
Products Peas in jar, carrots with peas in jar
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Magnesium gluconate
Also known as d-Gluconic acid magnesium salt
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product
Sources Synthetic salt, made of magnesium and gluconic acid (E574)
Function Flavour enhancer and acidity regulator
Products Cheese, fat spread, canned vegetables and fruit, breakfast cereals
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Magnesium oxide – E530
Also known as Magnesia, magnesia usta, magcal, maglite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to control the pH valueof the product and to prevent ingredients clumping together
SourcesNatural substance, derived from minerals. Also made synthetically
Function Acidity regulator and anti-caking agent
Products Cacao products, waffles, bakery products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Magnesium hydroxide – E528
Also known as Marinco H, hydro-magma
Short descriptionPowder, for example used to control the PH value of a product and to prevent colour loss
SourcesNatural substance, derived from minerals. Also made synthetically
Function Acidity regulator
Products Cheese, canned vegetables, cacao products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Magnesium L-lactate
Also known as L-Lactic acid magnesium salt
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of bacteria, fungi and yeasts
Sources Magnesium salt of lactic acid (E270)
Function Preservative
ProductsCheese, dried vegetables, canned vegetables, baked goods, egg based desserts
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. Although the name refers to milk, it is not made from milk and so suitable for people with a milk allergy or lactose intolerance
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Magnesium phosphate – E343
Also known asMonomagnesium phosphate, dimagnesium phosphate, trimagnesium phosphate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
SourcesNatural salt, present in our body. Commercially produced from phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Anti-caking agent, emulsifier
Products Bakery products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Magnesium sulphate
Also known as Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
Short descriptionPowder, for example used to improve the texture of vegetables and fruit during processing. Also used to optimize the quality of beer
SourcesNatural substance, present in some minerals like limestone. Mostly made synthetically from magnesium salts and sulphuric acid (E513)
Function Stabilizer
Products English beer, mineral water, mineral salt
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Magnesium silicate – E553
Also known as Magnesium silicate (synthetic), magnesium trisilicate, talc
Short description
White powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together and to let a product shine, like candy. There are three different types of this additive, 553a(i), 553a(ii) and 553b (or sometimes called 553(iii))
SourcesNatural and synthetic substance, made of magnesium sulphate and sodium silicate or directly from minerals such as talcum, sepiolite and steatite
Function Anti-caking agent and glazing agent
ProductsVanilla powder, salt, herbal salt, candy, chewing gum, milk powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Maltol
Also known as Larixin acid, platone, veltol, corps praline
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensity and sweetness of a product without increasing the sugar level
SourcesIn general, commercially extracted from the bark of lark trees or roasted malt. Also made synthetically by heating the sugars lactose and maltose
Function Flavour enhancer
ProductsLemonade, ice cream, candy, baked goods, bread, chewing gum, pudding powder
Suitability
This additive cannot be used by vegans because the origin can be milk. Although this additive can be made of the milk sugar lactose it doesn’t contain lactose, so people who are lactose intolerant can use it
Maltitol – E965
Also known as Hydrogenated maltose, D-maltitol
Short descriptionWhite powder or colourless liquid, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value. Also used as a stabilizer and to prevent a product from drying out
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of the carbohydrate maltose or corn starch-glucose solution
Function Sweetener
Products Chocolate, candy, chewing gum, sugar free products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Malic acid – E296
Also known as 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, malate
Short descriptionAcid, for example used as a flavour compound and colour stabilizer in apple- and grape juice.
SourcesNatural acid, present in many fruits and vegetables.Also made synthetically
Function Acid, flavour and colour stabilizer
ProductsCanned soup, (sugarless) soft drinks, canned tomatoes, apple juice, grape juice, candy, chips, frozen vegetables, spaghetti sauce
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Metatartaric acid – E353
Short description Acid, for example used against the growth of yeasts in fruit juice
Sources Acid, present in sugar cane and produced from glucose
Function Acidity regulator
Products Wine, fruit juice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Methyl cellulose – E461
Also known asCellulose methyl ether, cologel, cellumethe, hydrolose, nicel, tylose, cethytine, methocel, cellothyl, syncelose, bagolax
Short descriptionFor example used to replace natural vegetable gums.Often used in dietary products
Sources Synthetically made of cellulose or wood-pulp
Function Thickener, emulsifier and stabilizer
ProductsMayonnaise, cocktail sauce, ice cream, canned hot dogs, instant pudding powder, potato products, dietary products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Mannitol – E421
Also known asD-Mannitol, mannite, manicol, mannidex, diosmol, osmitrol, osmosal
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize the structure of products and to prevent drying
SourcesNatural substance, present in many plants like conifers, seaweed and mushrooms. Commercially produced from glucose
Function Anti-caking agent, sweetener, bulking agent
Products Chewing gum, baking and confectionery products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Microcrystalline wax – E905
Also known asMineral oil, petroleum jelly, vasiline, microcrystalline wax, petroleum wax
Short descriptionColourless oil, for example used to make a product shine on the outside and to prevent foam forming in a product. There are three different types of this additive, 905a, 905b and 905c
SourcesOily mixture of hydrocarbons (an organic compound of hydrogen and carbon)
Function Glazing agent
ProductsPre-packed meat, dried protein, raisins, dried plums, citrus fruit, candy, chewing gum, cookies
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate – E218
Also known as Methyl p-oxybenzoate, methylparaben
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of fungi, yeast and some bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic substance
Function Preservative
Products Beer, pastry filling, pickles in sour, canned fish
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Methyl ethyl cellulose – E465
Also known as MEC, ethylmethylcellulose
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used as a filler or to prevent ingredients clumping together
SourcesSynthetic substance, extracted from cellulose (of wood) or chemically modified
Function Emulsifier, thickener
Products Fruit glaze mix, fruit cake mix, mayonnaise
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Monoammonium L-glutamate – E624
Also known as Ammonium glutamate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product. Can also be used in salt reduced products
Sources Synthetic substance, made of glutamic acid (E620)
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Sprinkle flavour, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Monopotassium L-glutamate – E622
Also known as MPG, potassium glutamate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product. Can also be used in salt reduced products
Sources Synthetically made of vegetable protein or carbohydrates
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Sprinkle flavour, soup, minced meat, meat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids – E471
Also known asGlyceryl monopalmitate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monooleate, Dimodan, GMS (for glyceryl monostearate), monoolein, monostearin, monopalmitin
Short descriptionWhite waxy substance, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix and to make a firm mixture
Sources Synthetic fat, extracted from glycerol and natural fatty acids
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
ProductsInstant cacao, chocolate drinks, apple cake, ice cream, biscuits, toast, baguettes, pretzels
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Mono-starch phosphate – E1410
Also known as Phosphate starch, starch P, F starch
Short description Substance, for example used to improve the texture
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of starch by treating it with phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Thickener and stabilizer
ProductsInstant pudding, meat sauces, cream soups, ice cream, mayonnaise, mustard
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Montan acid esters – E912
Also known as Montan wax, lignite wax, OP wax
Short descriptionClear wax, for example used to make the outside of fruit shine and to extend the shelf life of fruit
Sources Natural substance, extracted from brown coal
Function Glazing agent and preservative
Products Citrus fruit
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Monosodium L-glutamate – E621
Also known as MSG, sodium glutamate, ve-tsin, chinese salt, glutacyl, glutavene
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to increase the taste intensity of a product
SourcesNatural substance, present in seaweed. Often made synthetically from vegetable protein or carbohydrates
Function Flavour enhancer
ProductsSausages, hamburgers, meatballs, bouillon powder, soup, ketchup, peanut sauce
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Neohesperidine DC – E959
Also known as Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Synthetic substance, made from the residue of citrus fruit
Function Sweetener
Products Candy, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Neotame – E961
Also known as Nutrasweet
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Synthetic substance, made of aspartame
Function Sweetener and flavour enhancer
Products Chewing gum, aromatized alcoholic beverages
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Natamycin – E235
Also known asPimiricin, antibiotic A 5283, tennecetin, myprocin, pimafucin, mycophyl
Short description White powder, for example used against the growth of fungi
Sources Natural substance, produced by bacteria
Function Preservative and antibiotic
Products Cheese crust, meat, residue on apples, pears and citrus fruit
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Nitrous oxide – E942
Also known as Dinitrogen oxide, dinitrogen monoxide
Short descriptionGas, for example used to make the product come out of the packaging, such as aerosols. Also used to freeze products
Sources Natural inert gas
Function Propellent gas and flour treatment agent
Products Whipped cream, chocolate cream
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Nitrogen – E941
Also known as N, atomic number 7
Short descriptionGas, for example used to make the product come out of the packaging, such as aerosols. Also used to optimize flour in baked goods
Sources Natural inert gas
Function Propellent gas
Products Chips, soup, pre-packed meat and vegetables
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Nisin – E234
Also known as Nisin preparation
Short description White powder, for example used against the growth of bacteria
Sources Natural antibiotic, produced by bacteria
Function Preservative and antibiotic
Products Quark, cheese, cream
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Octenyl succinic acid modified gum Arabic
Also known asGum Arabic hydrogen octenylbutandioate, gum Arabic hydrogen octenylsuccinate, OSA modified gum Arabic, OSA modified gum acacia
Short descriptionOff-white powder, for example used to help mix some ingredients in the product
Sources Synthetic substance, made of Arabic gum (E414)
Function Emulsifier
ProductsFruit juices, fruit flavoured drinks, carbonated juice, energy drinks, salad dressings, sauces, icing, bread
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Octyl gallate – E311
Also known as Gallic acid octyl ester, n-Octyl gallate
Short descriptionWhite or creamy-white solid, for example used to prevent rancidity
SourcesSynthetically made of octanol (an alcohol) and gallic acid (produced by plants)
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fats, margarine, dressings
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
o-Phenyl phenol
Also known as Orthoxenol, dowicide 1
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used against fungus on citrus fruit, apples and pears
Sources Synthetic substance
Function Preservative
ProductsOranges, mandarins, grapefruit, lemons, pears, apples, jam made of these fruits
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Oxidized polyethylene wax – E914
Also known as Ethene, homopolymer
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make fruit shine on the outside and to extend the shelf life of fruit
SourcesSynthetic polymer, extracted from poly-ethylene (a hydrocarbon) and oxygen
Function Glazing agent, humectant
Products Citrus fruit, pineapple, melon
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Oxygen – E948
Also known as O, atomic number 8
Short description Gas, for example used to prevent decay in pre-packed vegetables
Sources Natural gas
Function Preservative
Products Pre-packed vegetables
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Oxidised starch – E1404
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make a product thicker and to combine ingredients so the product is stronger
Sources Synthetic substance, made of starch
Function Thickener and binding agent
ProductsCustard, margarine, ice cream, mayonnaise, compote, melted cheese, cheese spread, jam, marshmallows
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Paprika extact – E160c
Also known as Capsanthin, capsorubin, oleoresin paprika
Short description Dark red colour powder
Sources Natural pigment, derived from bell pepper
Function Food colour
ProductsHerbal essences, soft drinks, ice cream, candy, meat products, egg yolk
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Patent blue V – E131
Also known as CI Food Blue 5, CI (1975) No. 42051, Patent Blue 5
Short description Blue-violette colour powder
Sources Synthetic pigment
Function Food colour
ProductsCustard, pudding, fruit cocktail in syrup, soft drinks, lemonade, soft fruit candy, liqueur, milkshake, yoghurt drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Pectins – E440
Also known asPectin (440a(i)), sodium pectate (440a(ii)), potassium pectate (440a(iii)), ammonium pectate (440a (iv)), amidated pectin (440b)
Short descriptionWhite, yellowish, light greyish or light brownish powder with many functions. There are five different types of this additive, 440a (pectin, split in i, ii, iii and iv) and 440b (amidated pectin)
SourcesNatural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) present in nearly all fruits, especially apples, quinces and oranges. It is commercially produced from apple pulp and orange peels.
Function Thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer, gelling agent
ProductsMarmalades, fruit jellies and sauces, and many other different products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Phosphoric acid – E338
Also known as Orthophosphoric acid
Short description Clear liquid, for example used to peel fruit without a knife
SourcesNatural acid present in many fruits and vegetables. Commercially produced from phosphate mined in the US
Function Acidity regulator, chelating agent
Products Cola, cheese and meat products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polydextroses – E1200
Also known as Modified polydextroses
Short descriptionGrey powder, for example used to make a product thicker.Also used to freeze products like meat and prevent productsfrom drying out
SourcesSynthetic substance, made by heating dextrose (glucose) in the presence of sorbitol and citric acid (E330)
Function Thickener
ProductsChewing gum, frozen pudding, baked goods, candy, peanut butter, lemonade
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Phosphatylated di-starch phosphate – E1413
Also known as Starch N
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make a product thicker and to make the texture stronger
Sources Synthetic substance, made of starch
Function Thickener and stabilizer
Products Frozen soup and ragout, pastry fillings
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Polydimethylsiloxane – E900
Also known asDimethicone, dimethylsilicone fluid, dimethylsilicone oil, dimethylpolysiloxane, poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Short descriptionClear liquid, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product and the formation of foam
Sources Synthetic mixture, made of silica gel or silicium dioxide
Function Anti-foaming agent
ProductsCooking oil, lemonade, fruit juice, jam, marmalade, soup, meat bouillon
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyethylene glycols – E1521
Also known as Macrogol, PEG
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize the taste of an aroma in a product
Sources Synthetic substance, made of ethylene oxide (a synthetic gas)
Function Flavour solvent
Products Chewing gum, water based drinks, sport drinks, energy drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids – E475
Also known as Glycerin fatty acid esters, polyglycerol fatty acid esters
Short descriptionYellow-brown liquid, for example used against the formation of crystals in sugar during production of sugar rich products
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of polyglycerol (a type of alcohol) and natural fatty acids
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Sprinkle flavour, soup, minced meat, meat
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate – E432
Also known as Polysorbate 20, tween 20
Short description Lemon to amber coloured oily liquid
SourcesSynthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (E420) and lauric acid (a natural fatty acid).
Function Emulsifier
Products Ice cream, soft drinks
Suitability
This compound contains fatty acids, which are nearly always made from vegetable oils. However, the use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. The origin of these compounds should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate – E433
Also known as Polysorbate 80, tween 80
Short descriptionLemon to amber coloured oily liquid, for example used o improve volume and texture in bakery products
SourcesSynthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (E420) and oleic acid (a fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier
Products Salt, chocolates, ice cream, desserts, bakery products, soft drinks
Suitability
This compound contains fatty acids, which are nearly always made from vegetable oils. However, the use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. The origin of these compounds should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid – E476
Also known asGlyceran esters of condensed castor oil fatty acid, polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids from castor oil
Short description Substance, for example used to make chocolate softer
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of castor oil and polyglycerol (a type of alcohol)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Bread cream, chocolate cake, chocolate bread
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate – E435
Also known as Polysorbate 60, tween 60, Crillet 3
Short descriptionYellow-orange oily substance, for example used to help ingredients which don’t mix well (e.g. water and oil), mix and stay mixed
SourcesSynthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (E420) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier
ProductsCake, cake mix, glaze, sugar coating for chocolates, frozen desserts, ice cream, salad dressing, instant soup, bouillon
Suitability
This compound contains fatty acids, which are nearly always made from vegetable oils. However, the use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. The origin of these compounds should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate – E436
Also known as Polysorbate 65, tween 65
Short descriptionTan coloured waxy substance, for example used againstthe creation of foam during the production of sugar
SourcesSynthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (E420) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier, anti-foaming agent
ProductsCake, cake mix, mayonnaise in tubes, glace, frozen pudding, sorbet
Suitability
This compound contains fatty acids, which are nearly always made from vegetable oils. However, the use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. The origin of these compounds should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate – E434
Also known as Polysorbate 40, tween 40
Short descriptionYellow-orange oily substance, for example used to help ingredients which don’t mix well (e.g. water and oil), mix and stay mixed
SourcesSynthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (E420) and palmitic acid (a natural fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier
Products Cake, cake mix
Suitability
This compound contains fatty acids, which are nearly always made from vegetable oils. However, the use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. The origin of these compounds should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Polyphosphates – E452
Short description
Colourless-white substance, for example used to improve the structure of a product and prevent it drying out. There are five different types of this additive: 452(i) (sodium), 452(ii) (potassium), 452(iii) (sodium-calcium), 452(iv) (calcium) and 452(v) (ammonium)
Sources Synthetic salt, made of sodium or potassium and phosphate
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer, sequestrant (metal binder)
Products Cheese spread, pudding powder, frozen turkey
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate – E431
Also known as Polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate, polyoxyl (40) stearate
Short description Cream coloured flakes or waxy solid
SourcesSynthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier
Products Bakery products, pudding
Suitability
This compound contains fatty acids, which are nearly always made from vegetable oils. However, the use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. The origin of these compounds should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate
Also known as Polyoxyl (8) stearate
Short descriptionCream-white soft waxy solid, for example used to mix and stabilize ingredients in fruit sauces
SourcesSynthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier
Products Sauces
Suitability
This compound contains fatty acids, which are nearly always made from vegetable oils. However, the use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. The origin of these compounds should be checked to ensure suitability for all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Ponceau 4R – E124
Also known asBrilliant Scarlet, CI (1975) No. 16255, CI Food Red 7, Cochineal Red A, New Coccine
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
ProductsFruit yoghurt-drinks, fruit in syrup, custard, pudding, jam, compote, liqueur, cheese, ice cream, candy, chips, crab salad
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyvinylpyrrolidone – E1201
Also known as Povidone, PVP
Short descriptionWhite-grey powder, for example used to clear a solution and to improve its structure
Sources Synthetic substance, a polymer (a chain of identical molecules)
Function Stabilizer, thickener
Products Beer, chewing gum, vinegar
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Polyvinyl alcohol – E1203
Also known as PVOH, vinyl alcohol polymer, PVA, or PVAl
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make a product shine on the outside and to thicken
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of vinyl acetate (derived from a carbohydrate and acetic acid)
Function Glazing agent and thickener
Products Food supplements
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium alginate – E402
Also known as Potassium polymannuronate, alginic acid potassium salt
Short description White to yellowish brown substance, serving many functions
Sources Potassium salt of alginic acid
Function Emulsifier, thickener
ProductsLow salt/sodium products, ice cream, cake mix, pudding powder, custard, chocolates, wine, meat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium acetate – E261
Short description Acid, used against bacteria and loss of colour
Sources Natural potassium salt of acetic acid, also synthetically made
Function Preservative
Products Cooked sausages, herbs and spices
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium adipate – E357
Also known as Adipic acid potassium salt
Short description White powder, for example used to regulate the pH of the product
Sources Potassium salt of adipic acid
Function Acid regulator
Products Herbal salts
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium benzoate – E212
Also known asBenzenecarboxylic acid potassium salt, dracylic acid potassium salt, phenylcarboxylic acid potassium salt
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast and bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic salt made of benzoic acid and potassium
Function Preservative
ProductsBrandy, sauces, margarine, cheese, steak tartare, chips, ketchup, sambal, mayonnaise, ice cream, marmalade, cake mix
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium and sodium di-phosphates – E450
Short description
White powder. There are five different types of this additive: di sodium di phosphate (450(i)), tri sodium di phosphate (450(ii)), tetra sodium pyrophosphate (450 (iii)), tetra potassium pyrophosphate (450(v)), Calcium di hydrogen di phosphate (450(vi))
Sources Synthetic compounds, derived from minerals
Function Emulsifier
Products Bakery products, meat products, sauces, cheese products, desserts
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium aluminium silicate – E555
Also known as Mica, muscovite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Natural substance, derived from natural minerals
Function Anti-caking agent
ProductsNoodles, powdered sugar, instant coffee, salt, milk powder, dried egg yolk, rice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium citrates – E332
Also known as Monopotassium citrat, tripotassium citrate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to maintain the pH value in a product. There are two different types of this additive, 332(i) and 332(ii)
Sources Potassium salt of citric acid
Function Acidity regulator
ProductsLow-sodium/sodium-free (salt-free) products, milk powder, coffee cream, cheese, wine, soft drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium carbonates – E501
Also known asPotassium hydrogen carbonate, perelas, potas, potassium bicarbonate
Short description
White powder, for example used to help the product rise andto optimize the structure of chocolate products so the different ingredients won’t separate. There are two different types of this additive, 501(i) and 501(ii)
Sources Synthetically produced from potassium chloride
Function Acidity regulator, raising agent
Products Cacao, low salt products, chocolates, candy, wine
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium chloride – E508
Also known as Sylvite, sylvine
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to replace salt in salt reduced products
Sources Natural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Dietary salt, mineral salt, low salt soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium hydrogen sulphite – E228
Also known as Potassium bisulphite, potassium acid sulphite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast, fungi and bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic potassium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Sweet-and-sour products, like pickles or onions
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium gluconate – E577
Also known as Potassium D-gluconate, kaon, katorin, potasoral
Short descriptionYellow-white powder, for example used as a food source for yeast in baked goods
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of gluconic acid (E574) and potassium carbonate
Function Sequestrant (metal binder), acidity regulator, stabilizer
Products Pudding powder, custard
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium ferrocyanide – E536
Also known as Hexacyanoferrate of potassium, yellow prussiate of potash
Short descriptionYellow substance, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Synthetically made of potassium hydoxide (E525)
Function Anti-caking agent
Products Wine, salt
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium lactate – E326
Also known as Lactic acid potassium salt
Short descriptionSlightly viscous liquid, for example used to prevent the drying out of products and against the growth of yeasts and fungi
Sources Potassium salt of lactic acid
Function Preservative
Products Cheese, confectionery, ice cream, fruit jellies, soups, canned fruits
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. Although the name refers to milk, it is not made from milk and so suitable for people with a milk allergy or lactose intolerance
Potassium hydroxide – E525
Also known as Caustic potash, potassium hydrate
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to peel fruit and to make green olives black. Also used to control the pH value in a product
Sources Synthetic substance, extracted from potassium chloride
Function Acidity regulator
Products Cacao products, tea extract
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium iodate
Also known as Iodic acid, potassium salt
Short description White powder, for example used in bread to optimize the dough
Sources Synthetic substance, made of potassium
Function Flour treatment agent
Products Bread, salt
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium nitrate – E252
Also known as Salpeter, nitre
Short descriptionColourless powder, for example to prevent fading of natural colours and used as preservative
Sources Natural mineral, also present in many vegetables
Function Preservative
Products Meats, sausages, canned and vacuum meat products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium metabisulphite – E224
Also known as Potassium pyrosulphite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of bacteria, fungi and some yeast in food products
Sources Synthetic potassium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Pickled onions, frozen shrimps and mussels
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium malate – E351
Also known as Monopotassium malate, dipotassium malate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to mask the aftertaste in a product. There are two different types of this additive, 351(i) and 351(ii)
Sources Potassium salt of malic acid
Function Acidity regulator
Products Ice cream, fried products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium propionate – E283
Also known as Potassium propanoate, potassium-mycoban
Short description White substance, for example used against fungi
Sources Natural potassium salt, derived from propionic acid (E280)
Function Preservative
ProductsBaked goods with chocolate, rye bread, bread, pasty, cheese products, dietary products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium nitrite – E249
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of bacteria in meat
Sources Natural mineral, but also made synthetically
Function Preservative
Products Meat and fish products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium phosphate – E340
Also known asMonopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product. There are three different types of this additive, 340(i), 340(ii) and 340(iii)
SourcesNatural salt, present in our body. Synthetically made of phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Acidity regulator, anti-caking agent, sequestrant (metal binder)
Products Pudding powder, noodles, meats for a low salt diet, chocolate drink
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Potassium sulphate – E515
Also known as Sal polychrestrum
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to replace salt in salt reduced products
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of sulphuric acid (E513)and potassium salt
Function Flavour enhancer
Products Beer, dietary salt
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium sorbate – E202
Also known as Potassium salt of sorbic acid, BB-powder
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used against the growth of fungi and yeast in a food product
SourcesNatural salt, present in the fruit of mountain ash trees. Commercially made by a synthetic process
Function Preservative
ProductsSandwich spread, fish sauces, cake, mayonnaise, frozen pizza, cookies, low-sodium diet products, wine
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium sodium tartrate – E337
Also known as Rochelle salt, seignette salt
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to control the pH value of a product
Sources Potassium-sodium salt of tartaric acid
Function Acidity regulator, emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Mainly meat and cheese products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Propane – E944
Also known as Dimethylmethane; propyl hydride
Short descriptionGas, for example used to make the product come out of the packaging, such as aerosols. Also used to freeze products
Sources Natural inert gas
Function Propellent gas
Products Aerosols
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium sulphite
Also known as Potassium salt of sulphurous acid
Short description White powder, for example used against discolouration
Sources Synthetic potassium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Beer
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Potassium tartrate – E336
Also known as Monopotassium tartrate, tripotassium tartrate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to control the pH value in food products
Sources Potassium salt of tartaric acid
Function Acidity regulator, emulsifier
Products Baking powder, confectionery and baking products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Propylene glycol – E1520
Also known as Propan-1,2-diol; propylene glycol, Methyl glycol, propanediol
Short description Clear liquid, for example used to prevent products from drying out
Sources Synthetic substance, made of propylene and carbonate
Function Flavour solvent
Products Margarine, candy, pastry, biscuits, oil
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Propyl gallate – E310
Also known as Propyl ester of gallic acid, progallin P, tenox PG
Short description White or creamy-white solid, for example used to prevent rancidity
Sources Synthetically made of propanol (an alcohol) and gallic acid
Function Antioxidant
Products Chewing gum, soup, biscuits, margarine, breakfast cereals, snacks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Propionic acid – E280
Also known as Ethylformic acid, methylacetic acid, propanoic acid
Short description Oily liquid, for example used against fungus
Sources Natural acid, present in many foods. Also made synthetically
Function Preservative
ProductsRye bread, sliced bread, pastry, canned sausages, milk products, pizza
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Proteases
Also known as Protease, papain, bromelain, ficin
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize the structure of bread dough
Sources Natural enzyme, extracted from plants related to pineapples
Function Stabilizer
ProductsCheese, dairy products, breakfast cereals, canned and dried vegetables, beer, meat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Propylene glycol alginate – E405
Also known as Hydroxypropyl alginate, propane 1,2-diol alginate
Short description White to yellowish brown substance, serving many functions
Sources Synthetic substance, made of algenic acid (E400)
Function Thickener
Products Ice cream, confectionery, dressings
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids – E477
Also known as Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids
Short descriptionWhite-yellow substance, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of fatty acids and propanediol (a type of alcohol)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Pudding powder, strawberry dessert, cake mix
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Quinoline yellow – E104
Also known as CI Food Yellow 13, CI (1975) No. 47005
Short description Yellow colour powder
Sources Synthetic pigment
Function Food colour
Products Soft drink, lemonade, milkshake, ice cream, vermicelli
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Quillaia extract – E999
Also known asBois de Panama, Panama bark extract, quillai extract, quillaja extract, quillay bark extract, soapbark extract
Short description
Brown substance, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value. Also used as foaming agent. There are two different types of this additive, 999(i) and 999(ii)
SourcesNatural substance, extracted from the bask of the soap bark (Quillaia saponaria)
Function Foaming agent
Products Soft drinks, lemonade, ice cream, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Pullulan – E1204
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make a product shine on the outside and to thicken
Sources Synthetic substance, made of starch by fungi
Function Glazing agent
Products Dairy products, cheese, canned vegetables, breakfast cereals
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Saccharines – E954
Also known as Calcium saccharin, potassium saccharin, sodium saccharin
Short description
White powder, for example used to make the taste ofa product sweeter without increasing the caloric value. There are four different types of this additive, 954(i), 954(ii), 954(iii) and 954(iv)
Sources Synthetic substance, made of sulphuric acid (E513)
Function Sweetener
Products Sweeteners
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Red 2G
Also known as Azogeranine, CI Food Red 10, CI (1975) No. 18050
Short description Red colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
Products Candy, hamburgers, cooked meat products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) – E101
Also known as Lactoflavin, vitamin B2
Short description Yellow colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, present in products such as milk, egg, vegetable and liver. Commercially prepared from yeasts. Also manufactured synthetically
Function Food colour
Products Breakfast cereals, processed cheese, jam, soft drinks, lemonade
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Shellac – E904
Also known as Lacca, lac
Short descriptionYellow-transparent resin, for example used to make a product shine on the outside
Sources Natural wax, derived from lice
Function Glazing agent
Products Candy, crust of cheese, cake decoration, fruit
SuitabilityCan be used by vegetarians. Not all religions and vegans consume this additive because it comes from scale insects, although the purified product doesn’t contain lice
Salts of fatty acids – E470
Also known asPotassium stearate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate
Short description
Yellow-white powder or solid, for example used to preventthe product sticking to the pan while cooking. There are four different types of this additive, all made of another salt, 470a(i) (sodium), 470a(ii) (potassium), 470a(iii) (calcium) and 470b (iv) (magnesium)
Sources Synthetic salts, derived by heating fatty acids
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
ProductsBiscuits, toast, pretzels, pastry, cookies, chips, low salt biscuits and toast, candy
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Silicon dioxide – E551
Also known as Silica, silicic anhydride, flogard, sipernat 22S pirosil, aerosil 200
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product and to improve its structure
Sources Natural substance, derived from sand
Function Anti-caking agent, anti-foaming agent
ProductsCoffee syrup, milk powder, salt, herbs and spices, instant sauce and soup, wine, beer
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium adipate – E356
Also known as Adipic acid sodium salt
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to regulate the pH value of the product
Sources Sodium salt of adipic acid
Function Acidity regulator
Products Herbal salts
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Silver – E174
Also known as CI No. 77820
Short description Silver-grey colour powder
Sources Natural metal, derived from silver ore and the mineral argentite
Function Food colour
Products Pastry decoration, candy
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium acetate – E262
Also known as Sodium diacetate, sodium hydrogen diacetate, dykon
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of micro-organisms. There are two different types of this additive, 262(i) and 262 (ii)
Sources Synthetic salt, made of acetic acid (E260) and sodium
Function Preservative
Products Herbs (powder), bouillon, sausages, bread, pastry
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium aluminium silicate – E554
Also known as Sodium silicoaluminate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Natural substance, derived from natural minerals
Function Anti-caking agent
ProductsNoodles, powdered sugar, instant coffee, salt, milk powder, dried egg yolk, rice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium aluminium phosphate – E541
Also known as Kasal
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to help a cake rise and to make melted cheese. There are two different types of this additive, 541(i) and 541(ii)
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of phosphoric acid, aluminium and sodium hydroxide
Function Raising agent, emulsifier
Products Baking powder, cake mix
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium alginate – E401
Also known as Alginic acid sodium salt, algin, sodium polymannuronate
Short description White to yellowish brown substance, serving many functions
Sources Sodium salt of alginic acid
Function Emulsifier, thickener
ProductsIce cream, cake mix, pudding powder, custard, chocolates, wine, meat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium calcium polyphosphate
Also known as Sodium calcium polyphosphate, glassy
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to improve the structure of the product during processing
Sources Synthetic mixture of sodium- and calciumphosphate
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Cheese spread, frozen products, cake
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium ascorbate – E301
Also known asSodium L-Ascorbate, sodium L-(+)-ascorbate, monosodium ascorbate
Short description White powder, for example used to prevent discolouration of food
Sources Natural sodium salt of ascorbic acid
Function Antioxidant
ProductsSausages, cutted meat, milk powder, lemonade, flour, beer, fruit puree, buttermilk, egg products, soup, jam
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium benzoate – E211
Also known asBenzenecarboxylic acid sodium salt, dracylic acid sodium salt, phenylcarboxylic acid sodium salt
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast and bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic salt made of benzoic acid and sodium
Function Preservative
ProductsBrandy, sauces, margarine, cheese, steak tartare, chips, ketchup, sambal, mayonnaise, ice cream, marmalade, cake mix
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically hydrolyzed – E469
Also known as CMC-ENZ, enzymatically hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose
Short description White-grey powder, used to make the product thicker
SourcesSynthetic salt, made of sodium and carboxymethyl cellulose (466, a synthetic substance of cellulose)
Function Stabilizer and thickener
ProductsCheese, canned vegetables, breakfast cereals, pre-cooked pasta and noodles, baked goods
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose – E466
Also known as Cellulose gum, Na CMC, sodium cellulose glycolate, sodium CMC
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent ice crystals forming in a product or to let a product shine on the outside (like glace)
SourcesSynthetic substance, extracted from cellulose (of wood) or chemically modified
Function Thickener, emulsifier
ProductsPudding powder, pastry filling, strawberry or cherry dessert, fruit yoghurt, milkshake, mayonnaise, cheese products, lemonade, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium carbonates – E500
Also known asSoda ash, sodium salt of carbonic acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate, baking soda, bicarbonate of soda, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium monohydrogendicarbonate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to keep the colour in a product and to make the product rise. There are three different types of this additive, 500(i), 500(ii) and 500(iii)
Sources Synthetically produced from sea water or salt
Function Acidity regulator, raising agent
ProductsTomato soup, tomato ketchup, cacao, salt, pretzels, custard, beer, cream, milk powder, cake, biscuit, ice cream, chocolates, waffles, olives in jars
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate – E215
Also known as Ethyl-p-hydroxybenzene, PHB-ethyl ester
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast, fungi and bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic substance
Function Preservative
Products Candied fruit, pasty filling, dessert sauce, fruit candy, fruit juice
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium erythorbate – E316
Also known asSodium iso-ascorbate, erythorbic acid sodium salt, mercate 20, neo-cebitate
Short description White powder, for example used to prevent change of colour
Sources Sodium salt of erythorbic acid, a synthetic variant of vitamin C
Function Antioxidant
Products Meat products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium citrates – E331
Also known as Monosodium citrate, disodium citrate, trisodium citrate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to decrease enzymatic browning of fruit and fruit products. There are three different types of this additive, 331(i), 331(ii) and 331(iii)
Sources Sodium salt of citric acid
Function Acidity regulator
Products Marmalade, ice cream, chocolate cake
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium gluconate – E576
Also known as Sodium-D-gluconic acid
Short descriptionWhite-grey powder, for example used to give powdery products a longer shelf life and used as a food source for yeast
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of gluconic acid (E574) and sodium carbonate
Function Sequestrant (metal binder)
Products Pudding powder, herbal sauces, dipping sauce
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium fumarate
Also known as Monosodium fumarate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to regulate the pH value of powders
Sources Sodium salt of fumaric acid
Function Acidity regulator
Products Confectionery, baking products, baking powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium ferrocyanide – E535
Also known asHexacyanoferrate of calcium or potassium or sodium, yellow prussiate of lime or potash or soda
Short descriptionYellow substance, for example used to form gels and to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Synthetically made of sodium hydroxide (E524)
Function Anti-caking agent
Products Salt, salt bath for cheese
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium lactate – E325
Also known as Lactoline, lactic acid sodium salt, L-sodium lactate, purasal S
Short descriptionColourless, transparent liquid, for example used to prevent drying out of products and against the growth of yeasts and fungi
Sources Sodium salt of lactic acid
Function Preservative
Products Cheese, confectionery, ice cream, soup, canned fruit
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. Although the name refers to milk, it is not made from milk and so suitable for people with milk allergy or lactose intolerance.
Sodium hydrogen sulphite – E222
Also known as Sodium bisulphite, acid sodium sulphite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast, fungi and bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic sodium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Liquor, pickled onions, dairy products, fruit juice, mashed potatoes
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium hydroxide – E524
Also known as Caustic soda, lye, sodium hydrate
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to peel vegetables and fruits. Also used to give pretzels a glazed brown colour and to turn green olives black
Sources Synthetically made of rock salt
Function Acidity regulator
ProductsPretzels, cacao products, coffee creamer, black olives, sour cream, canned peas
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium metabisulphite – E223
Also known as Disodium pyrosulphite, sodium pyrosulphite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast, fungus and bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic sodium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Liquor, pickled onions, sausages
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium malate – E350
Also known as Monosodium malate, disodium malate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to mask the aftertaste of products. There are two different types of this additive, 350(i) and 350(ii)
Sources Sodium salt of malic acid
Function Acidity regulator
Products Soft drinks, candy, ginger
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate – E219
Also known asSodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate, sodium methyl hydroxybenzoate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast and fungi and some bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic substance
Function Preservative
ProductsCandied fruit, pasty filling, dessert sauce, fruit candy, fruit juice, beer, pastry filling, herring in sauce, pickles in sour, beet in jar
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium nitrate – E251
Also known as Chile saltpetre, cubic or soda nitre
Short descriptionWhite powder, used against the fading of natural colours and used as preservative
Sources Natural mineral, also present in many vegetables
Function Preservative
ProductsCheese (made of vegetable oil), vacuum meat products, frozen pizza
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium o-phenyl phenol
Also known as Sodium orthophenylphenate, dowicide A
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against fungus on citrus fruit, apples and pears
Sources Synthetic salt, made of sodium and phenylpenol (E231)
Function Preservative
ProductsOranges, mandarins, grapefruit, lemons, pears, apples, jam made of these fruits
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium nitrite – E250
Also known as Nitrous acid sodium salt, erinitrit
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against fading of natural colours and against the growth of bacteria in meat
Sources Natural mineral, but also made synthetically
Function Preservative
Products Cheese, meat, frozen pizza
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium sorbate – E201
Also known as Sodium salt of sorbic acid
Short descriptionAcid, for example used against the growth of fungi and yeastin a food product
SourcesNatural salt, present in the fruit of mountain ash trees. Commercially made by a synthetic process
Function Preservative
ProductsMeat and fish salads, meatballs, frozen pizza, meat sauces, ice-cream, margarine, jam, strawberry-sauce
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium phosphate – E339
Also known asMonosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate,trisodium phosphate
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to optimize the texture of the product, without losing moisture. There are three different types of this additive, 339(i), 339(ii) and 339(iii)
SourcesNatural salt, present in our body. Synthetically made of phosphoric acid (E338)
Function Acidity regulator, anti-caking agent, sequestrant (metal binder)
ProductsSoft drinks, sausages, ice cream, margarine, instant pudding powder, chocolate cake, noodles
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium propionate – E281
Also known as Sodium propanoate, sodium mycoban
Short descriptionWhite or colourless substance, for example used against the growth of fungi and some bacteria in food products
Sources Natural sodium salt, derived from propionic acid (E280)
Function Preservative
Products Baked goods with chocolate, dietary products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium sulphite – E221
Also known as Disodium sulphite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used against the growth of yeast, fungi and bacteria in food products
Sources Synthetic sodium salt of sulphurous acid
Function Preservative
Products Egg salads, wine, beer, caramel
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate – E481
Also known as Sodium stearoyl lactylate, sodium stearoyl lactate
Short descriptionYellow powder, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix and to improve the structure of the product
SourcesSynthetic mixture of stearic acid (a natural saturated fatty acid) and lactic acid (E270)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
ProductsVegetable powdered soup, cake mix, pancake mix, biscuits, toast, cookies, cake, spray for baking
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium sulphate – E514
Also known asGlauber’s salt (decahydrate form), sodium hydrogen sulphate, nitre cake, sodium bisulphate, sodium acid sulphate, sulphuric acid, monosodium salt
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to dilute colour agents and to ensure the colour won’t change
SourcesNatural substance, present in rock salt and mountain spring water. Mostly made synthetically of salt and sulphuric acid (E513)
Function Stabilizer
Products Chewing gum, colour agents
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sodium thiosulphate
Also known as Sodium hyposulphite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to prevent potato slices getting brown after cutting
Sources Synthetic substance, made of sodium and sulphite
Function Antioxidant
Products Liquor, potato products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium tartrate – E335
Also known as Monosodium tartrate, disodium tartrate
Short descriptionColourless powder, for example used to enhance the flavour and purple colour of grapes. There are two different types of this additive, 335(i) and 335(ii)
Sources Sodium salt of tartaric acid
Function Acidity regulator
Products Confectionery, marmalade, sausages
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sodium tetraborate – E285
Also known as Borax, sodiumpyroborate, sodiumborate
Short descriptionWhite substance, for example used to control the pH value of a product
Sources Natural sodium salt, derived from boric acid
Function Preservative
Products Rarely used in foods, often used in pharmaceuticals
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sorbic acid – E200
Also known as 2-propenylacryl acid
Short descriptionWhite acid, for example used against the growth of fungi and yeast in a food product
SourcesNatural acid, derived from the berries of the mountain ash tree (Sorbus aucuparia). It is commercially produced by several different chemical pathways
Function Preservative
ProductsSambal, salad dressing, mayonnaise, sliced bread, vegetables in jar, margarine
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sorbitan monolaurate – E493
Also known as Sorbitan laurate, span 20
Short descriptionBrown liquid, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix, to optimize the structure of the product and to prevent foaming
SourcesSynthetic liquid, made of sorbitol (E420) and lauric acid (a natural saturated fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Filled chocolates, ice cream
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sorbitan monooleate – E494
Also known as Span 80
Short description Brown liquid, for example used to keep the product malleable
SourcesSynthetic liquid, made of sorbitol (E420) and oleic acid (a natural unsaturated fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Chewing gum
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sorbitan tristearate – E492
Also known as Span 65
Short descriptionCream-grey waxy substance, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix and to optimize the structure of the product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of sorbitol (E420) and stearic acid (a natural saturated fatty acid)
Function Emulsifer and stabilizer
Products Ice-cream, battenberg
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sorbitan monopalmitate – E495
Also known as Span 40
Short descriptionCream-grey waxy substance, for example used against the separation of fat in the product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of sorbitol (E420) and palmitic acid (a natural saturated fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Cake, cake mix, bread mix, ice cream
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sorbitan monostearate – E491
Also known as Span 60
Short descriptionCream-grey waxy substance, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix and to optimize the structure of the product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of sorbitol (E420) and stearic acid (a natural saturated fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Ice cream, coffee creamer, cake mix, dried yeast
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sorbitol – E420
Also known as D-Glucitol, sorbit, D-sorbitol, sorbol
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to give a sweet taste to the product. There are two different types of this additive, 420(i) and 420(ii)
SourcesNatural substance, present in many fruits. Commercially produced from glucose
Function Sweetener
Products Many bakery and confectionery products, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Soybean hemicellulose – E426
Short description For example used to make products thicker
Sources Natural substance, extracted from soybeans
Function Thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer, anti-caking agent
Products Baked goods
SuitabilityCan be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians. Soybean hemicellulose can cause an allergic reaction in people who are allergic to soybeans
Stannous chloride – E512
Also known as Tin dichloride
Short description Substance, for example used to prevent colour loss
SourcesSynthetically produced of hydrochloric acid (E507) and tin ores (a natural mineral)
Function Stabilizer
Products Green beans in jars, asparagus in jars
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Starch sodium octenyl succinate – E1450
Also known as SSOS
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to thicken a product and to make the texture stronger
Sources Synthetic substance, made of starch and acetic acid (E260)
Function Thickener
Products Rarely used
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Stearin acid – E570
Also known as Octadecane acid
Short descriptionWhite waxy substance, for example used to prevent ingredients clumping together in a product
Sources Natural acid, present in fats and oils
Function Anti-caking agent
Products Chewing gum, butter aroma, vanilla aroma, candy, cookies, pastry
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Starch acetate – E1420
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used to make a product thicker and to make the texture stronger
Sources Synthetic substance, made of starch and acetic acid (E260)
Function Thickener
Products Ready-to-eat meals, desserts, cake filling, jelly products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Stearyl tartrate – E483
Also known as Stearyl palmityl tartrate
Short descriptionCream-white oily substance, for example used in bread cream to create a firm structure
SourcesSynthetic oily substance, extracted from tartaric acid (E334) and stearic acid (a natural saturated fatty acid)
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Pudding breads, cake filling, pastry
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Steviol glycosides – E960
Also known as Stevioside, rebaudioside A
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Natural substance, made from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana
Function Sweetener
Products Candy, chewing gum, canned fruit, low sugar dietary products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Stearyl citrate
Also known as Stearoyl citrate
Short descriptionCream-white oily liquid, for example used to combine some ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of stearic acid (a natural saturated fatty acid) and citric acid (E330)
Function Emulsifier
Products Margarine, bakery products
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sucralose – E955
Also known as 4,1’,6’-Trichlorogalactosucrose
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
Sources Synthetic substance, made of sugar
Function Sweetener
Products Candy, chocolates, sweeteners, jam, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sucroglycerides – E474
Also known as Sugar glycerides
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder or gel, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix and to optimize the texture of the product
SourcesSynthetic mixture of sugars and fats, derived from saccharose and fatty acids
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Meat bouillon, candy, pastry, fruit
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Succinic acid – E363
Also known as Amber, amber acid, butanedicic acid
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to enhance the taste and regulate the pH value of a product
SourcesNatural acid, present in many fruits and vegetables. Synthetically made from acetic acid (E260)
Function Acidity regulator, flavour enhancer
Products Confectionery, baking products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Sucrose esters of fatty acids – E473
Also known as Sucrose fatty acid esters
Short descriptionWhite-grey powder, for example used to combine ingredients which normally wouldn’t mix and to optimize the texture of a product
SourcesCompound of synthetic fats, extracted from glycerol and natural fat
Function Emulsifier and stabilizer
Products Ice cream with fruit, chicken or meat bouillon, bouillon cubes, fruit
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sulphur dioxide – E220
Also known as Sulphurous anhydride, sulphurous oxide
Short description Colourless gas, for example used against decay
Sources Natural gas, produced by burning sulphur
Function Preservative
ProductsRaspberry juice, dried vegetables and fruit, beer, wine, cider, sherry, liqueur, garlic powder, gelatin, jam, breakfast cereals
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate – E444
Also known as SAIB
Short description Liquid, for example used to mix ingredients in water based drinks
Sources Synthetic compound derived from sucrose
Function Emulsifier
Products Energy drinks, sport drinks, water based drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Tannic acid
Also known as Gallotannic acid, tannins (food grade)
Short description Yellow-white colour powder with typical odour
Sources Natural pigment, derived from acorns or made synthetically
Function Food colour
Products Soft drinks, ice cream, wine, beer, candy, baked goods
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sunset yellow FCF – E110
Also known as CI Food Yellow 3, CI (1975) No. 15985, Orange Yellow S
Short description Orange-red colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
ProductsFruit brandy, custard, fruit yoghurt, marzipan, mayonnaise, candy, smoked fish
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Sulphuric acid – E513
Short descriptionLight-brown liquid, for example used to control the pH value of a product
Sources Synthetic substance, made of sulphur dioxide, oxygen and water
Function Acidity regulator and stabilizer
Products Beer, liquor, cheese spread
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Tartaric acid – E334
Also known as L(+)-tartaric acid
Short descriptionColourless or white powder, for example used to enhance the flavour and purple colour of grapes
SourcesNatural acid, present in many fruits, especially grapes. Commercially prepared from waste products of the wine industry (grape skins)
Function Acidity regulator
Products Confectionery, soft drinks, marmalade, ice cream, wine
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Tartrazine – E102
Also known as CI (1975) No. 19140, CI Food Yellow 4, FD&C Yellow No. 5
Short description Yellow-Light orange colour powder
Sources Synthetic azo dye
Function Food colour
ProductsLiqueur, currant, milkshake, fruit yoghurt, cake flour, soft drinks, lemonade, ice cream, mayonnaise, chips, pretzels, candy, custard, pudding
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Tara gum – E417
Also known as Peruvian carob
Short description White-yellow powder, for example used to make a product thicker
Sources Natural carbohydrate, obtained from the tree Cesalpinia spinosa
Function Thickener
ProductsMilk-based products, cheese, processed fruit, dried vegetables, canned vegetables, breakfast cereals, sauces, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids – E479b
Also known as TOSOM
Short descriptionLiquid, for example used to prevent the oil from splashing when heated
Sources Synthetically made by heating soy oil and fatty acids
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer
Products Spray for baking tray
SuitabilityAlthough this additive is mostly made of vegetable oil, the use of animal fat can’t be excluded completely. So this additive cannot be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Thaumatin – E957
Also known as Talin
Short descriptionCream-white powder, for example used to make the taste of a product sweeter without increasing the caloric value
SourcesNatural mixture of proteins, extracted from the berries of the plant Thaumatococcus daniellii
Function Sweetener
Products Candy, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Tertiary butylhydroquinone – E319
Also known as TBHQ, buthylhydrochinon
Short description White powder, for example used to prevent rancidity in oil
Sources Synthetic antioxidant
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fat
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Thiodipropionic acid
Also known as Thiodihydracrylic acid
Short description White solid, for example used to prevent rancidity
Sources Synthetic compound
Function Antioxidant
Products Fats and oils
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Titanium dioxide – E171
Also known as CI (1975) No. 77891, CI pigment white 6, titania
Short description White colour powder
Sources Natural mineral
Function Food colour
ProductsCandy, chewing gum, horseradish sauce, quark, cottage cheese, mozzarella
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Thiabendazole
Also known as TBZ, thiaben, thiabendazole, omnizole, thiaben, tribendazole
Short descriptionSubstance, for example used against the growth of fungion food products. Mainly used on fruit
Sources Synthetic pesticide
Function Preservative
ProductsBananas, lemons, oranges, grapefruit, residue in meat (products) and potatoes, grains, tomatoes, onions
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Tocopherol concentrate – E306
Also known as Vitamin E concentrate
description Oily liquid, for example used to prevent rancidity of fatty products
SourcesNatural extract of vegetable oils, like soya bean, wheat germ, rice germ, cottonseed, maize and green leaves
Function Antioxidant
Products Oils and fats, frying oil, cheese, pastry, soup
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Triacetin – E1518
Also known as Glyceryl triacetate
Short descriptionClear oily liquid, for example used to dissolve flavouring agentsin a product
SourcesSynthetic substance, made of acetic acid (E260) and glycerol (a type of alcohol)
Function Bulking agent
ProductsDried protein, ice cream, margarine, candy, soft drinks, baked goods, chewing gum
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Tragacanth gum – E413
Also known as Tragacanth
Short descriptionWhite-yellow powder, for example used against the formation of crystals in sugar used in confectionery
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, produced from the Tragacanth tree (Astragalus Gummifer)
Function Emulsifier, thickener, stabilizer
Products Confectionery, ice cream, icing, processed cheese
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Triethyl citrate – E1505
Also known as Ethyl citrate, citric acid ethyl ester
Short descriptionOily liquid, for example used to optimize the taste of an aroma in a product
Sources Synthetically made of citric acid (E330)
Function Bulking agent
ProductsSoft drinks, lemonade, ice cream, candy, baked goods, instant pudding
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Triphosphates – E451
Short description
White powder, for example used to improve the structureof meat (such as sausages or hamburgers). There are two different types of this additive, one with sodium (451(i))and one with potassium (451(ii))
Sources Synthetic compounds, derived from minerals
Function Emulsifier, stabilizer,acidity regulator
Products Soup, cheese, meat products, custard powder
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Triammonium citrate – E380
Also known as Ammonium citrate tribasic, citric acid triammonium salt
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to mix the ingredients in products. There are two different types of this additive, 380(i) and 380(ii)
Sources Ammonium salt of citric acid
Function Acidity regulator, emulsifier
Products Chocolate, confectionery, cheese spreads
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Xylitol – E967
Also known as D-xylitol; Xyliton; xylite
Short descriptionWhite powder, for example used to make the taste of a productsweeter without increasing the caloric value. It also prevents the growth of yeast
SourcesNatural substance, present in many plants. It is commercially produced from xylan, a polysaccharide fraction of wood pulp.
Function Sweetener
ProductsChewing gum, toffees, peppermint, chocolates, waffles, marmalade, jam, soft drinks
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Xanthan gum – E415
Also known as Kelzna, Keltrol
Short description Cream-white powder, for example used to thicken a product
SourcesNatural carbohydrate, produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris from sugar and molasses
Function Stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier
Products Salad dressing, mayonnaise, sauces, desserts
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
Vegetable carbon – E153
Also known as Carbon Black, Vegetable black, CI 77266, Charcoal, Norit
Short description Black colour powder
SourcesNatural element, commercially produced by burning vegetable matter
Function Food colour
Products Some fish products
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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Zeaxanthin
Also known as Citranaxanthin
Short description Yellow colour powder
SourcesNatural pigment, present in many plants. Commercially derived from dried plants
Function Food colour
Products Eggs, soup, soft drinks, ice cream
Suitability Can be used by all religions, vegans and vegetarians
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A Guide to the Consumer Protection Act, PDF
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Understanding food labels
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Parliament and of the Council by establishing
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