FONTI STORICHE E LETTERARIE EDIZIONI CARTACEE E DIGITALI ...

FONTI STORICHE E LETTERARIEEDIZIONI CARTACEE E DIGITALI

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Catalogue of books printed before 1801 in the legal historical section

of the Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze

I. From the beginning of printing to 1600

compiled byDouglas J. Osler

Firenze University Press2014

Peer Review ProcessAll publications are submitted to an external refereeing process under the responsibility of the FUP Editorial Board and the Scientific Committees of the individual series. The works published in the FUP catalogue are evaluated and approved by the Editorial Board of the publishing house. For a more detailed description of the refereeing process we refer to the official documents published in the online catalogue of the FUP (http://www.fupress.com).Firenze University Press Editorial BoardG. Nigro (Co-ordinator), M.T. Bartoli, M. Boddi, R. Casalbuoni, C. Ciappei, R. Del Punta, A. Dolfi, V. Fargion, S. Ferrone, M. Garzaniti, P. Guarnieri, A. Mariani, M. Marini, A. Novelli, M. Verga, A. Zorzi.

Catalogue of books printed before 1801 in the legal historical section of the Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze : I. From the beginning of printing to 1600 / compiled by Douglas J. Osler. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2014.(Fonti storiche e letterarie ; 37)

http://digital.casalini.it/9788866556206

ISBN 978-88-6655-618-3 (print)ISBN 978-88-6655-620-6 (online)

This book has been financed by Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali, University of Florence

Cover design: Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Pagina Maestra snc

Douglas J. Osler (compiled by), Catalogue of books printed before 1801 in the legal historical section of the Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze : I. From the beginning of printing to 1600 ISBN 978-88-6655-618-3 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-620-6 (online), © 2014 Firenze University Press

Indice

UNA NUOVA OCCASIONE 6

PREMESSA 7

Bernardo Sordi

INTRODUZIONE 9

Lucilla Conigliello

GUIDE TO THE CATALOGUE 11

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 23

CATALOGUE 33

INDEX OF PRINTERS 399

INDEX OF NAMES 429

7CATALOGUE

PREMESSA

È un potente strumento di lavoro quello che la non comune competenza di DouglasOsler ci mette oggi a disposizione.

A più di un secolo di distanza dal Catalogo della biblioteca del Collegio degli Avvocatidi Firenze compilato nel 1890 dall’Avvocato Gaetano Rocchi, quello stesso fondolibrario, passato nel 1924, all’atto della sua istituzione, prima in comodato e poi indonazione alla neonata Università fiorentina, arricchitosi in itinere di altri fondi (pri-mo fra tutti quello della Corte di Appello, a sua volta proveniente da bibliotecheconventuali di comunità religiose soppresse) e di ulteriori donazioni private, esce fi-nalmente dalla sua dimensione locale ed endo-bibliotecaria ed entra, con il peso dellesue circa 1500 cinquecentine, nel panorama europeo dei primi libri a stampa chepunteggiano, nel mondo del diritto, la moderna printing revolution.

Soltanto Douglas Osler, che è ormai giunto al traguardo della sua ventennale, im-proba, fatica, di restituire un censimento integrale delle circa 20.000 edizioni giuridi-che europee del XVI secolo, poteva riuscire nell’impresa. Chi utilizzerà l’Osler – comeun irrefrenabile, ma affettuoso, toscanismo già ci spinge a ribattezzare il Catalogo fio-rentino – ne apprezzerà immediatamente la perfezione bibliografica e la completezzadelle informazioni.

Non solo l’esigua pattuglia fiorentina (neppure una ventina) tra incunaboli e post-incunaboli (le opere stampate sino al 1525, secondo una cronologia solidamente argo-mentata proprio da Osler), ma anche le centinaia e centinaia di volumi che special-mente nella seconda metà del Cinquecento si diffondono anche a Firenze dalle piazzeeditoriali europee (prime fra tutte Lione e Venezia) sono passate religiosamente, tomoper tomo, nelle mani esperte ed attente del Curatore. Nello stesso modo, attraverso leschede del catalogo, quella stessa biblioteca si materializza ora, nella sua interezza e neisuoi più minuti dettagli, all’utilizzatore, che può trovare, con una immediatezza eduna facilità di lettura persino maggiore di un tracciato digitale, ogni opera ripercorsanella sua vicenda editoriale, puntualmente descritta nel suo formato, nella sua foliazioneo paginazione, nelle sue eventuali pagine bianche o nelle sue imperfezioni, illuminatadalle notizie e dalle informazioni riportate nel frontespizio o nel colophon. Mentre, i

Una nUova occasione

È con grande piacere che saluto la nuova pubblicazione del catalogo delle cin-quecentine giuridiche della Biblioteca di scienze sociali, originariamente dato alle stampe nel 2005 e ormai esaurito, riproposto oggi in occasione dell’uscita del ca-talogo delle edizioni del Seicento della medesima raccolta, da tempo atteso. I due libri vengono presentati come primo e secondo volume di una serie che attende l’ultimo libro, il catalogo delle edizioni giuridiche del Settecento, che siamo fidu-ciosi di avviare a breve grazie all’attento e peritissimo lavoro di Douglas Osler, straordinario bibliografo e ricercatore. In quella occasione presenteremo un pro-filo generale delle collezioni, con una descrizione che darà conto del loro costitu-irsi, attraverso le provenienze, e della loro organizzazione.

Lucilla Conigliello

Direttrice della Biblioteca di Scienze Socialidell’Università degli Studi di Firenze

Luglio 2014

7CATALOGUE

PREMESSA

È un potente strumento di lavoro quello che la non comune competenza di DouglasOsler ci mette oggi a disposizione.

A più di un secolo di distanza dal Catalogo della biblioteca del Collegio degli Avvocatidi Firenze compilato nel 1890 dall’Avvocato Gaetano Rocchi, quello stesso fondolibrario, passato nel 1924, all’atto della sua istituzione, prima in comodato e poi indonazione alla neonata Università fiorentina, arricchitosi in itinere di altri fondi (pri-mo fra tutti quello della Corte di Appello, a sua volta proveniente da bibliotecheconventuali di comunità religiose soppresse) e di ulteriori donazioni private, esce fi-nalmente dalla sua dimensione locale ed endo-bibliotecaria ed entra, con il peso dellesue circa 1500 cinquecentine, nel panorama europeo dei primi libri a stampa chepunteggiano, nel mondo del diritto, la moderna printing revolution.

Soltanto Douglas Osler, che è ormai giunto al traguardo della sua ventennale, im-proba, fatica, di restituire un censimento integrale delle circa 20.000 edizioni giuridi-che europee del XVI secolo, poteva riuscire nell’impresa. Chi utilizzerà l’Osler – comeun irrefrenabile, ma affettuoso, toscanismo già ci spinge a ribattezzare il Catalogo fio-rentino – ne apprezzerà immediatamente la perfezione bibliografica e la completezzadelle informazioni.

Non solo l’esigua pattuglia fiorentina (neppure una ventina) tra incunaboli e post-incunaboli (le opere stampate sino al 1525, secondo una cronologia solidamente argo-mentata proprio da Osler), ma anche le centinaia e centinaia di volumi che special-mente nella seconda metà del Cinquecento si diffondono anche a Firenze dalle piazzeeditoriali europee (prime fra tutte Lione e Venezia) sono passate religiosamente, tomoper tomo, nelle mani esperte ed attente del Curatore. Nello stesso modo, attraverso leschede del catalogo, quella stessa biblioteca si materializza ora, nella sua interezza e neisuoi più minuti dettagli, all’utilizzatore, che può trovare, con una immediatezza eduna facilità di lettura persino maggiore di un tracciato digitale, ogni opera ripercorsanella sua vicenda editoriale, puntualmente descritta nel suo formato, nella sua foliazioneo paginazione, nelle sue eventuali pagine bianche o nelle sue imperfezioni, illuminatadalle notizie e dalle informazioni riportate nel frontespizio o nel colophon. Mentre, i

8 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

riferimenti bibliografici fotografano, caso per caso, le rispondenze verso altri cataloghied altre, prestigiose, biblioteche, ad evocare insieme alle necessarie collazioni anchequella circolazione straordinaria ed effettivamente europea che fu propria della lettera-tura e delle fonti giuridiche di ius commune. Al tempo stesso, il richiamo, presente inogni scheda, alla collocazione attuale di ogni volume, è pronto a rendere immediatoed effettivo il contatto con il libro, a tradurre in lettura e dunque in azione questorepertorio dell’attività editoriale dei primi passi di un’esperienza giuridica modernaancora interamente calata nell’età del diritto comune classico.

Il catalogo è nato ed è stato completato a Villa Ruspoli, presso il Dipartimento diTeoria e Storia del Diritto, nel triennio 1999-2002, prima che il fondo antico dellabiblioteca della facoltà giuridica fiorentina entrasse anche materialmente, alla fine del2003, a far parte integrante della Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali nella nuova sede diNovoli. Scrivendo queste due righe di premessa, come direttore del Dipartimento inquel triennio, è difficile rintuzzare i ricordi o cancellare un pizzico di nostalgia. Soc-corre, però, una granitica certezza: questo cuore antico e ‘comune’ del nostro saperegiuridico europeo può continuare a vivere ed a renderci più pervia la comprensionedel presente soltanto se messo in continua corrispondenza dialettica con la culturagiuridica attuale. In questa prospettiva, il catalogo che qui si presenta finalmente allestampe va inteso un po’ come il nocciolo del reattore, il cuore pulsante, di una biblio-teca pensata senza limiti di tempo e di spazio e fortemente proiettata verso il futuro.

Un sentitissimo grazie, dunque, mio personale e di tutto il Dipartimento di Teoriae Storia del Diritto, a Douglas Osler per aver reso possibile di rendere visibile ancheall’esterno, nella sua completezza, questa anima antica del nostro attuale sapere.

Bernardo Sordi

Dipartimento di Teoria e Storia del Dirittodell’Università degli Studi di Firenze

Firenze, 2005

9CATALOGUE

INTRODUZIONE

È per me una grande gioia assistere alla nascita di questo ponderoso catalogo. Pesanteper più versi: le dimensioni, che concorrono a rappresentare la rilevanza della raccoltadi edizioni cinquecentine censite, documentata in più di 1500 schede bibliografiche;la prospettiva culturale e di idealità che esso evoca. Alla modernissima e sfavillantenuova Biblioteca delle scienze sociali da poco inaugurata nella piana di Novoli fa dacontralto un cuore antico, che radica alla riflessione sul passato ogni proiezione futura.Un passato che è al contempo storia particolare e storia comune.

I libri descritti da Douglas Osler provengono in massima parte del Collegiodegli avvocati fiorentini, cui nel corso dei secoli sono passate in eredità tante li-brerie private, di giureconsulti intenti alla professione. Dal Medioevo fino a tuttoil Settecento il sistema del diritto è stato unico per l’Europa, e queste opere hannorappresentato strumenti condivisi e necessari, quale più quale meno, a dirimerequestioni, dalle generali (le più, poi applicabili ai casi) alle particolari. Con l’av-vento dei codici nazionali ciascun popolo ha definito le proprie norme e l’unità siè spezzata: i libri dell’antica curia degli avvocati sono diventati vecchi, e hannofinito di interessare ai pratici di diritto, ma non di parlare. Hanno nuovamenteservito lo Studio (la dimensione critica, che attraverso la ricerca ha nell’Universitàla propria sede di eccellenza; non è un caso che nel 1924 la Facoltà di Legge,appena costituita, ricevesse in comodato i libri degli avvocati), servendo in altromodo al presente.

Mi piace pensare a queste radici, e sono onorata che la mia biblioteca le ospitiin casa, in una casa grande, in cui c’è posto per tutti. Spero, come bibliotecaria,che così come in tempi recenti abbiamo iniziato a riconsiderare, curare e valoriz-zare i fondi giuridici antichi, ci sia presto occasione per rivisitare un altro nostromonumento, i libri dell’Istituto Cesare Alfieri, nucleo fondante della collezionedelle scienze politiche, di cui abbiamo avviato il riordino e la manutenzione conser-vativa. E mi verrebbe di far cenno a tante altre delle nostre collezioni speciali, piùo meno ‘mature’ ma certamente nate, attraverso i loro creatori, da confronti illumi-nati e dubbi dolorosi, dalla Biblioteca orientale del marchese Aldobrandino Malvez-

8 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

riferimenti bibliografici fotografano, caso per caso, le rispondenze verso altri cataloghied altre, prestigiose, biblioteche, ad evocare insieme alle necessarie collazioni anchequella circolazione straordinaria ed effettivamente europea che fu propria della lettera-tura e delle fonti giuridiche di ius commune. Al tempo stesso, il richiamo, presente inogni scheda, alla collocazione attuale di ogni volume, è pronto a rendere immediatoed effettivo il contatto con il libro, a tradurre in lettura e dunque in azione questorepertorio dell’attività editoriale dei primi passi di un’esperienza giuridica modernaancora interamente calata nell’età del diritto comune classico.

Il catalogo è nato ed è stato completato a Villa Ruspoli, presso il Dipartimento diTeoria e Storia del Diritto, nel triennio 1999-2002, prima che il fondo antico dellabiblioteca della facoltà giuridica fiorentina entrasse anche materialmente, alla fine del2003, a far parte integrante della Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali nella nuova sede diNovoli. Scrivendo queste due righe di premessa, come direttore del Dipartimento inquel triennio, è difficile rintuzzare i ricordi o cancellare un pizzico di nostalgia. Soc-corre, però, una granitica certezza: questo cuore antico e ‘comune’ del nostro saperegiuridico europeo può continuare a vivere ed a renderci più pervia la comprensionedel presente soltanto se messo in continua corrispondenza dialettica con la culturagiuridica attuale. In questa prospettiva, il catalogo che qui si presenta finalmente allestampe va inteso un po’ come il nocciolo del reattore, il cuore pulsante, di una biblio-teca pensata senza limiti di tempo e di spazio e fortemente proiettata verso il futuro.

Un sentitissimo grazie, dunque, mio personale e di tutto il Dipartimento di Teoriae Storia del Diritto, a Douglas Osler per aver reso possibile di rendere visibile ancheall’esterno, nella sua completezza, questa anima antica del nostro attuale sapere.

Bernardo Sordi

Dipartimento di Teoria e Storia del Dirittodell’Università degli Studi di Firenze

Firenze, 2005

9CATALOGUE

INTRODUZIONE

È per me una grande gioia assistere alla nascita di questo ponderoso catalogo. Pesanteper più versi: le dimensioni, che concorrono a rappresentare la rilevanza della raccoltadi edizioni cinquecentine censite, documentata in più di 1500 schede bibliografiche;la prospettiva culturale e di idealità che esso evoca. Alla modernissima e sfavillantenuova Biblioteca delle scienze sociali da poco inaugurata nella piana di Novoli fa dacontralto un cuore antico, che radica alla riflessione sul passato ogni proiezione futura.Un passato che è al contempo storia particolare e storia comune.

I libri descritti da Douglas Osler provengono in massima parte del Collegiodegli avvocati fiorentini, cui nel corso dei secoli sono passate in eredità tante li-brerie private, di giureconsulti intenti alla professione. Dal Medioevo fino a tuttoil Settecento il sistema del diritto è stato unico per l’Europa, e queste opere hannorappresentato strumenti condivisi e necessari, quale più quale meno, a dirimerequestioni, dalle generali (le più, poi applicabili ai casi) alle particolari. Con l’av-vento dei codici nazionali ciascun popolo ha definito le proprie norme e l’unità siè spezzata: i libri dell’antica curia degli avvocati sono diventati vecchi, e hannofinito di interessare ai pratici di diritto, ma non di parlare. Hanno nuovamenteservito lo Studio (la dimensione critica, che attraverso la ricerca ha nell’Universitàla propria sede di eccellenza; non è un caso che nel 1924 la Facoltà di Legge,appena costituita, ricevesse in comodato i libri degli avvocati), servendo in altromodo al presente.

Mi piace pensare a queste radici, e sono onorata che la mia biblioteca le ospitiin casa, in una casa grande, in cui c’è posto per tutti. Spero, come bibliotecaria,che così come in tempi recenti abbiamo iniziato a riconsiderare, curare e valoriz-zare i fondi giuridici antichi, ci sia presto occasione per rivisitare un altro nostromonumento, i libri dell’Istituto Cesare Alfieri, nucleo fondante della collezionedelle scienze politiche, di cui abbiamo avviato il riordino e la manutenzione conser-vativa. E mi verrebbe di far cenno a tante altre delle nostre collezioni speciali, piùo meno ‘mature’ ma certamente nate, attraverso i loro creatori, da confronti illumi-nati e dubbi dolorosi, dalla Biblioteca orientale del marchese Aldobrandino Malvez-

11CATALOGUE

GUIDE TO THE CATALOGUE

The present catalogue seeks to provide a record of the books printed on the conti-nent of Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries belonging to the legal historicalsection of the Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze.Some of the features of the catalogue have been determined by its compilation inthe context of a series of wider bibliographical projects. These projects take theform of a number of censuses of distinct periods and areas in the field of Europeanlegal history (e.g. 16th century legal imprints, legal works of the Netherlands toc.1800, legal works of the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily to c.1800), in which therelevant holdings of a discrete number of libraries are registered in their entirety ina union catalogue. Knowledge of these library holdings is derived either from arelatively small selection of modern, reliable, published library catalogues (e.g. Adams,Machiels, the Moranti) or, as in the present case, from direct inspection of thebooks in a number of collections. The objective behind the compilation of thepresent catalogue was thus both to contribute towards the construction of the vari-ous censuses and simultaneously to provide an elementary but comprehensive recordof the contents of the library. To this end only a very limited amount of time (justone month in fact) was available for working in the library, so there is no questionof offering the level of detail which might be expected of a catalogue compiled overmany years by a bibliographer working in situ.

Some cataloguing practices have been discarded at the outset as undesirable inthemselves. Quasi-facsimile transcription of titles has been rejected as appropriateto critical bibliographical analysis of a small number of editions but not to a cata-logue; impossibly time-consuming; rendered counterproductive by the errors it in-evitably and universally exhibits when attempted in catalogues; resulting in a titlereadable only with discomfort; per se capable at best of identifying only a title-variant; and last but not least, entirely superseded by digital images. It thus goeswithout saying that the curiously widespread practice of half-hearted quasi-facsimile(quasi quasi-facsimile, so to speak), circumscribed by the standard characters of thecomputer letter-set (and thus without diphthongs, long S and a host of standard

10 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

zi de’ Medici, affascinante e affascinato viaggiatore, alla rilevantissima documen-tazione sui lager e sullo sterminio di massa dono prezioso di Andrea Devoto.

Questi libri più di altri abbiamo il dovere di fare conoscere, perché ci richiamanoad una prospettiva culturale e di umanità comune, in cui la diversità diviene ele-mento di ricchezza e occasione di dialogo.

Non ho parole per ringraziare Douglas Osler: lo accompagno idealmente in giroper il mondo alla ricerca dei ‘suoi’ antichi libri giuridici, in continuo spostamento traOxford, Leiden, Berkeley, Cape Town, sovente ospite apprezzato della nostra Biblio-teca. Non potevamo non chiedergli di pubblicare questo catalogo, come anticipa-zione del suo importantissimo e rilevantissimo lavoro. Lo ringraziamo per avere accet-tato e per aver dedicato un mese intero del suo tempo al riscontro diretto di tutte leedizioni e di tutti gli esemplari descritti. Questo non sarebbe stato possibile senza lasollecita e cordiale ospitalità del Dipartimento di teoria e storia del diritto. Tutta lanostra riconoscenza va alla Direzione del Max-Planck-Institut für europäischeRechtsgeschichte di Francoforte, per aver autorizzato la pubblicazione dell’estratto delgrande Census, di cui attendiamo con impazienza l’uscita.

Aspettiamo ancora il nostro curatore, per realizzare altri cataloghi ed altri sogni,fiduciosi di poter contare sul suo frizzante humour, sulla sua straordinaria energia,sulla sua enorme e appassionata competenza d’indagatore di libri.

Lucilla Conigliello

Direttrice della Biblioteca di Scienze Socialidell’Università degli Studi di Firenze

Firenze, 2005

11CATALOGUE

12 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

Latin printed contractions), with or without line endings, with or without initialcapital in words printed fully in capitals, adopting most but not all of the punctua-tion, adding “necessary” punctuation, and so on, has been even more decisivelyrejected as serving no useful purpose whatsoever. The orthography of the titles hererecorded will therefore be found to have been radically recast in the interest of acoherent, informative and readable piece of prose.

At the same time, some aspects of a conventional catalogue are here purposefullyomitted since they are being covered in the main projects. For example, the con-tents of the collections of tractatus by diverse authors are not listed individuallysince these will be found comprehensively set out in the Census of 16th centurylegal imprints. Similarly, there are no cross-references to variant name forms, ofwhich there is a plenitude in the same Census. On the other hand, some featureswhich clearly would have been desirable could inevitably receive only limited atten-tion. Thus a signature collation has been made only for two categories of books,namely those published up to the year 1525 and those without foliation or pagina-tion (with in addition a small number of exceptional cases). Again, the identifica-tion of bibliographical edition, the chosen method being a profile recording a selec-tion of signature positions, has been made only in special circumstances. (The obli-gation specifically on the cataloguer in this last respect is, it should be said, only arecent expectation, and the new-fangled contraption generally employed to thisend, the tendentiously named “fingerprint”, dangerously misleading and bestavoided). Finally, only a few particularly evident copy-specific features could berecorded. The censuses, it should be emphasised, are conceived primarily as recordsof surviving copies, and thus as paving the way for further bibliographical analysisand further investigation of the individual copies.

If certain features could not be given the ideal degree of attention in the presentcatalogue, the context set out above explains the dilemma of the cataloguer. Newtechnology has introduced the concept of “information sharing” to cataloguing,which, in ideal circumstances, would mean that individual libraries no longer re-quired to construct an independent catalogue of their collections. This ideal is,however, predicated upon the existence of a global, unified, central catalogue ofcontinental European early printed books. Were such to be constructed, the workof cataloguing editions and issues would effectively have been accomplished; only afew rare, hitherto undiscovered editions would remain to be communicated to thecentral register as they came to light. An individual library’s holdings would thenrequire to be registered rather than catalogued. The whole emphasis of library cata-loguing could then shift to the real task: the identification and recording of thosefeatures which pertain to the individual copy and which render every survivingearly printed book a potentially precious historical record – provenance, annota-tions, evidence of censorship, illumination, binding and so on.

And yet, for continental European printing this fundamental shift in the direc-tion of cataloguing remains a distant prospect. At the present moment, with thenotable exception of the incunable period, not only is the requisite global register ofearly European printing lacking, it has not even been projected. In its place, biblio-

13CATALOGUE

graphical enterprise in Europe at the beginning of the 21st century is being channeledinto a misguided and historically anachronistic series of “national” projects, eachwith wholly divergent and incompatible methodologies, not to say different levelsof quality and reliability. To the scholar of continental legal history, the object ofwhose study is a unitary legal culture disseminated throughout Europe throughsuch extra-territorial printing centres as Venice, Lyon, Antwerp, Geneva and Frank-furt, a “national” approach to European printing stands revealed as a manifest ab-surdity. But this tragic failure of European vision is having dire bibliographical aswell as historical consequences.

In the absence of a global catalogue, offering detailed, accurate, uniform andtherefore unequivocal descriptions, which would have provided a recognised univer-sal standard for the cataloguing of early-printed books, individual libraries havebeen left to their own devices. The unforeseen result has been the opening of abibliographical Pandora’s box. With no single standard to which they might appeal,individual library catalogues are now being systematically contaminated through aperversion of the concept of information sharing, namely electronic cross-copyingfrom the cacophonous Babel of library catalogues, of every conceivable shape, formand methodology, crowding on to the Internet. If this heterogeneity were not suffi-cient of itself, the crypto-commercial context further assures a liberal admixture ofthat old familiar of the bibliographer, the antiquarian book dealer’s listings withattendant pseudo-bibliographical puff. The decline in acquaintance with the prin-ciples of bibliography and the outright demise in knowledge of Latin, both con-spicuous among the new generation of “information technologists” to whom thetask of cross-copying is entrusted, has turned an inherently perilous structural prob-lem into a veritable catastrophe. Not only are copy-specific features of individualbooks now being effaced from existing descriptions, but wholly inapplicable detailsapplying to a different copy are being imported in their place. But the ultimatecorruption strikes at the very heart of the enterprise, namely the erroneous identifi-cation of the books themselves. A steady and progressive misattribution of editionsand issues is already clearly to be observed spreading like a lethal virus through thebloodstream of our record of individual library holdings.

Since the information copied from another catalogue applies to a real, existentcopy of a real, existent edition held by a different library – or, of course, to an interme-diate descriptio descripta – the errors thus generated are effectively undetectable. Suchis the insidious character of the virus. The errors will only emerge through a confron-tation of the “actual” book bearing that shelf-mark with the alien “virtual” descriptionoffered by the “catalogue”. And yet this process of click-and-copy contamination nowseems irreversible; even where an on-line catalogue was originally transcribed withoutalteration from the historic record provided by the library’s venerable card catalogue,the “librarians” of the Information Age are convinced that its elementary but sinceredescriptions require to be “modernised” or “upgraded”, not by examination of thebooks themselves, but by copying the information by electronic “cut and paste” fromanother on-line catalogue. Thus we are inaugurating the era of the virtual catalogue,in which deceptively “good” or “full” descriptions are in reality being torn increasingly

12 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

Latin printed contractions), with or without line endings, with or without initialcapital in words printed fully in capitals, adopting most but not all of the punctua-tion, adding “necessary” punctuation, and so on, has been even more decisivelyrejected as serving no useful purpose whatsoever. The orthography of the titles hererecorded will therefore be found to have been radically recast in the interest of acoherent, informative and readable piece of prose.

At the same time, some aspects of a conventional catalogue are here purposefullyomitted since they are being covered in the main projects. For example, the con-tents of the collections of tractatus by diverse authors are not listed individuallysince these will be found comprehensively set out in the Census of 16th centurylegal imprints. Similarly, there are no cross-references to variant name forms, ofwhich there is a plenitude in the same Census. On the other hand, some featureswhich clearly would have been desirable could inevitably receive only limited atten-tion. Thus a signature collation has been made only for two categories of books,namely those published up to the year 1525 and those without foliation or pagina-tion (with in addition a small number of exceptional cases). Again, the identifica-tion of bibliographical edition, the chosen method being a profile recording a selec-tion of signature positions, has been made only in special circumstances. (The obli-gation specifically on the cataloguer in this last respect is, it should be said, only arecent expectation, and the new-fangled contraption generally employed to thisend, the tendentiously named “fingerprint”, dangerously misleading and bestavoided). Finally, only a few particularly evident copy-specific features could berecorded. The censuses, it should be emphasised, are conceived primarily as recordsof surviving copies, and thus as paving the way for further bibliographical analysisand further investigation of the individual copies.

If certain features could not be given the ideal degree of attention in the presentcatalogue, the context set out above explains the dilemma of the cataloguer. Newtechnology has introduced the concept of “information sharing” to cataloguing,which, in ideal circumstances, would mean that individual libraries no longer re-quired to construct an independent catalogue of their collections. This ideal is,however, predicated upon the existence of a global, unified, central catalogue ofcontinental European early printed books. Were such to be constructed, the workof cataloguing editions and issues would effectively have been accomplished; only afew rare, hitherto undiscovered editions would remain to be communicated to thecentral register as they came to light. An individual library’s holdings would thenrequire to be registered rather than catalogued. The whole emphasis of library cata-loguing could then shift to the real task: the identification and recording of thosefeatures which pertain to the individual copy and which render every survivingearly printed book a potentially precious historical record – provenance, annota-tions, evidence of censorship, illumination, binding and so on.

And yet, for continental European printing this fundamental shift in the direc-tion of cataloguing remains a distant prospect. At the present moment, with thenotable exception of the incunable period, not only is the requisite global register ofearly European printing lacking, it has not even been projected. In its place, biblio-

13CATALOGUE

graphical enterprise in Europe at the beginning of the 21st century is being channeledinto a misguided and historically anachronistic series of “national” projects, eachwith wholly divergent and incompatible methodologies, not to say different levelsof quality and reliability. To the scholar of continental legal history, the object ofwhose study is a unitary legal culture disseminated throughout Europe throughsuch extra-territorial printing centres as Venice, Lyon, Antwerp, Geneva and Frank-furt, a “national” approach to European printing stands revealed as a manifest ab-surdity. But this tragic failure of European vision is having dire bibliographical aswell as historical consequences.

In the absence of a global catalogue, offering detailed, accurate, uniform andtherefore unequivocal descriptions, which would have provided a recognised univer-sal standard for the cataloguing of early-printed books, individual libraries havebeen left to their own devices. The unforeseen result has been the opening of abibliographical Pandora’s box. With no single standard to which they might appeal,individual library catalogues are now being systematically contaminated through aperversion of the concept of information sharing, namely electronic cross-copyingfrom the cacophonous Babel of library catalogues, of every conceivable shape, formand methodology, crowding on to the Internet. If this heterogeneity were not suffi-cient of itself, the crypto-commercial context further assures a liberal admixture ofthat old familiar of the bibliographer, the antiquarian book dealer’s listings withattendant pseudo-bibliographical puff. The decline in acquaintance with the prin-ciples of bibliography and the outright demise in knowledge of Latin, both con-spicuous among the new generation of “information technologists” to whom thetask of cross-copying is entrusted, has turned an inherently perilous structural prob-lem into a veritable catastrophe. Not only are copy-specific features of individualbooks now being effaced from existing descriptions, but wholly inapplicable detailsapplying to a different copy are being imported in their place. But the ultimatecorruption strikes at the very heart of the enterprise, namely the erroneous identifi-cation of the books themselves. A steady and progressive misattribution of editionsand issues is already clearly to be observed spreading like a lethal virus through thebloodstream of our record of individual library holdings.

Since the information copied from another catalogue applies to a real, existentcopy of a real, existent edition held by a different library – or, of course, to an interme-diate descriptio descripta – the errors thus generated are effectively undetectable. Suchis the insidious character of the virus. The errors will only emerge through a confron-tation of the “actual” book bearing that shelf-mark with the alien “virtual” descriptionoffered by the “catalogue”. And yet this process of click-and-copy contamination nowseems irreversible; even where an on-line catalogue was originally transcribed withoutalteration from the historic record provided by the library’s venerable card catalogue,the “librarians” of the Information Age are convinced that its elementary but sinceredescriptions require to be “modernised” or “upgraded”, not by examination of thebooks themselves, but by copying the information by electronic “cut and paste” fromanother on-line catalogue. Thus we are inaugurating the era of the virtual catalogue,in which deceptively “good” or “full” descriptions are in reality being torn increasingly

14 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

asunder from the books which they purport to describe. No catalogue subjected tothis intervention – and that means the vast majority of electronic catalogues availableon the Internet – can be considered reliable. What is proceeding before our very eyes,therefore, is nothing other than the remorseless, systematic, ineluctable destruction ofthe record of the historic bibliographic inheritance which “in reality” is preserved inour research libraries.

The present catalogue has thus been compiled in the conviction that the tradi-tional library catalogue, based on direct inspection of all the books it describes – inwhatever format it may eventually be published – has acquired greater rather thanless importance in the digital age. In particular, given the contamination affectingon-line catalogues, the limited number of catalogues based strictly on autopsy rep-resents the only reliable building stone for the construction of the global registerwhich should be our goal. In default of a universal bibliography of European print-ing, the above-mentioned censuses are intended to supply this need within the fieldof continental European legal history. The present catalogue is thus offered also as asmall contribution towards that wider goal.

As regards the identification and description of copy-specific features, I may alsohere state my conviction that this is, in any case, properly conceived as a perennialprocess, requiring the collaboration of a variety of individuals who can bring theirspecialist skills to the task. The concept of a definitive library catalogue, it is submit-ted, is an illusion; a further contribution to the description of a collection of earlyprinted books will always be possible. Thus an “illegible” ex-libris may be conjec-tured with ease by someone familiar with the name-forms of the nationality of thebook’s onetime owner; a heavily cancelled ex-libris may nevertheless be instantlydecipherable from the surviving traces of its ascenders and descenders by a scholaracquainted with other examples of the signature; new technology (as currently be-ing developed for the reading of palimpsests, for example) may render an obliter-ated hand-written annotation readable by isolating the earlier level of ink; the fu-ture codicologist may have new insights to offer about bindings and binding his-tory. The description of the individual features of the books here catalogued is thusa task which, in full recognition of its interest and importance, I leave with a clearconscience to future generations of bibliographers.

The main features of the cataloguing practice employed will be found set out onthe following pages.

1. Author or other heading

The Latin form of an author’s name is used if he published any work in Latin (evenwhere only a vernacular work may be represented in the present catalogue). Medievalauthors who are commonly referred to by their first name and place of origin, asBartolus de Saxoferrato or Paulus de Castro, should be sought under their name ratherthan the place. However, a family name is used where the author is more commonlyor conveniently referred to in this way: Ubaldis, Angelus de rather than Angelus de

15CATALOGUE

Perusio (who may thus keep company with his brother Baldus), but Henricus de Segusiorather than the somewhat unfamiliar Bartholomaeis, Henricus de.

Works containing the tractatus of two or more authors, traditionally dispersedthroughout a catalogue under the first named author, the editor, the first word ofthe title etc., have all been assembled under the heading Tractatus. The category is,however, subject to definition. Clearly not all works with some small contributionby an additional author have been subsumed under this heading. Moreover, someimportant works which were always published in conjunction with other treatises(e.g. those of Bartholomaeus Caepolla, Angelus de Gambilionibus and Rolandinusde Passageriis) have been left under these author names in order to avoid overload-ing the category of tractatus. Within the heading tractatus there are two chrono-logical sequences: first the great multi-volume publications, then the smaller, usu-ally single-volume collections.

2. Order of entries

The authors or other headings are listed in alphabetical order. In determining al-phabetical order a blank in the middle of a name or other heading is ignored. Asingle name precedes a name and place, while the latter precedes the usual case ofsurname and forename; thus Paulus III (Pope) precedes Paulus de Castro which pre-cedes Paulus, Hieronymus.

Anonymous works are catalogued under the first significant word of the title.Some variation from this rule is explained by harmonisation with the wider per-spective of the censuses, where a single heading (as Communes Opiniones) also sub-sumes variant title forms of the same work (as Opiniones Communes or ReceptaeSententiae sive communes opiniones or Syntagma communium opinionum).

Works of a single author are listed in chronological order; those of his workspublished in the same year are listed in the alphabetical order of their place of print-ing; works published in the same year and place are listed in the alphabetical orderof the name of the (first-recorded) printer or publisher; works published in the sameyear and place by the same printer or publisher are generally listed in the alphabeti-cal order of the first significant word of their title (although this last may be variedaccording to the convenience of the individual case).

Works which form part of a set or series, as for example a multi-volume commen-tary on the Corpus Iuris Civilis, are assigned to the date of the first volume. Thesuccessive parts are then retained in sequence, irrespective of their date of publica-tion or the name of the printer; since such large printing enterprises could take overa year to print, divergence from strict chronological order within the sequence mayresult. The order of the sequence is indicated by numbers in square brackets afterthe name of the author or heading. This numbering follows those parts of the seriesheld by the library, from which parts of a complete set may be wanting.

The order of the Corpus iuris civilis and commentaries thereon is: Digestumvetus, Infortiatum, Digestum novum, Codex, Volumen, Institutiones. The Volumen

14 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

asunder from the books which they purport to describe. No catalogue subjected tothis intervention – and that means the vast majority of electronic catalogues availableon the Internet – can be considered reliable. What is proceeding before our very eyes,therefore, is nothing other than the remorseless, systematic, ineluctable destruction ofthe record of the historic bibliographic inheritance which “in reality” is preserved inour research libraries.

The present catalogue has thus been compiled in the conviction that the tradi-tional library catalogue, based on direct inspection of all the books it describes – inwhatever format it may eventually be published – has acquired greater rather thanless importance in the digital age. In particular, given the contamination affectingon-line catalogues, the limited number of catalogues based strictly on autopsy rep-resents the only reliable building stone for the construction of the global registerwhich should be our goal. In default of a universal bibliography of European print-ing, the above-mentioned censuses are intended to supply this need within the fieldof continental European legal history. The present catalogue is thus offered also as asmall contribution towards that wider goal.

As regards the identification and description of copy-specific features, I may alsohere state my conviction that this is, in any case, properly conceived as a perennialprocess, requiring the collaboration of a variety of individuals who can bring theirspecialist skills to the task. The concept of a definitive library catalogue, it is submit-ted, is an illusion; a further contribution to the description of a collection of earlyprinted books will always be possible. Thus an “illegible” ex-libris may be conjec-tured with ease by someone familiar with the name-forms of the nationality of thebook’s onetime owner; a heavily cancelled ex-libris may nevertheless be instantlydecipherable from the surviving traces of its ascenders and descenders by a scholaracquainted with other examples of the signature; new technology (as currently be-ing developed for the reading of palimpsests, for example) may render an obliter-ated hand-written annotation readable by isolating the earlier level of ink; the fu-ture codicologist may have new insights to offer about bindings and binding his-tory. The description of the individual features of the books here catalogued is thusa task which, in full recognition of its interest and importance, I leave with a clearconscience to future generations of bibliographers.

The main features of the cataloguing practice employed will be found set out onthe following pages.

1. Author or other heading

The Latin form of an author’s name is used if he published any work in Latin (evenwhere only a vernacular work may be represented in the present catalogue). Medievalauthors who are commonly referred to by their first name and place of origin, asBartolus de Saxoferrato or Paulus de Castro, should be sought under their name ratherthan the place. However, a family name is used where the author is more commonlyor conveniently referred to in this way: Ubaldis, Angelus de rather than Angelus de

15CATALOGUE

Perusio (who may thus keep company with his brother Baldus), but Henricus de Segusiorather than the somewhat unfamiliar Bartholomaeis, Henricus de.

Works containing the tractatus of two or more authors, traditionally dispersedthroughout a catalogue under the first named author, the editor, the first word ofthe title etc., have all been assembled under the heading Tractatus. The category is,however, subject to definition. Clearly not all works with some small contributionby an additional author have been subsumed under this heading. Moreover, someimportant works which were always published in conjunction with other treatises(e.g. those of Bartholomaeus Caepolla, Angelus de Gambilionibus and Rolandinusde Passageriis) have been left under these author names in order to avoid overload-ing the category of tractatus. Within the heading tractatus there are two chrono-logical sequences: first the great multi-volume publications, then the smaller, usu-ally single-volume collections.

2. Order of entries

The authors or other headings are listed in alphabetical order. In determining al-phabetical order a blank in the middle of a name or other heading is ignored. Asingle name precedes a name and place, while the latter precedes the usual case ofsurname and forename; thus Paulus III (Pope) precedes Paulus de Castro which pre-cedes Paulus, Hieronymus.

Anonymous works are catalogued under the first significant word of the title.Some variation from this rule is explained by harmonisation with the wider per-spective of the censuses, where a single heading (as Communes Opiniones) also sub-sumes variant title forms of the same work (as Opiniones Communes or ReceptaeSententiae sive communes opiniones or Syntagma communium opinionum).

Works of a single author are listed in chronological order; those of his workspublished in the same year are listed in the alphabetical order of their place of print-ing; works published in the same year and place are listed in the alphabetical orderof the name of the (first-recorded) printer or publisher; works published in the sameyear and place by the same printer or publisher are generally listed in the alphabeti-cal order of the first significant word of their title (although this last may be variedaccording to the convenience of the individual case).

Works which form part of a set or series, as for example a multi-volume commen-tary on the Corpus Iuris Civilis, are assigned to the date of the first volume. Thesuccessive parts are then retained in sequence, irrespective of their date of publica-tion or the name of the printer; since such large printing enterprises could take overa year to print, divergence from strict chronological order within the sequence mayresult. The order of the sequence is indicated by numbers in square brackets afterthe name of the author or heading. This numbering follows those parts of the seriesheld by the library, from which parts of a complete set may be wanting.

The order of the Corpus iuris civilis and commentaries thereon is: Digestumvetus, Infortiatum, Digestum novum, Codex, Volumen, Institutiones. The Volumen

16 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

and Institutiones are generally bound together in a single fifth volume (the order ofthese two parts within the volume being variable). In the present catalogue sets ofthe Corpus iuris civilis (including the Institutiones), precede the listing of editionsof the Institutiones published independently.

The order of the Corpus iuris canonici and commentaries thereon is: DecretumGratiani, Decretales Gregorii IX, Liber Sextus Bonifacii VIII, Clementinae ClementisV, Extravagantes Ioannis XXII, Extravagantes Communes. The latter four parts aregenerally bound together to constitute the third volume of the Corpus.

3. Titles

The titles, though given in abbreviated form, will be found to be rather more exten-sive than is customary. Omission of material before the commencement of the titleis not indicated; thereafter all material which is omitted before the printer’s device,but not thereafter, is indicated by three points of ellipsis. In general, the wordsomitted are restricted to (1) the author’s name, (2) the attributes of any individualmentioned, (3) references to summaries or indices, (4) the name of a dedicatee, and(5) material of a purely advertising character. Any reference to the correction oremendation of the edition, even if it is probably no more than a standard advertis-ing formula (as editio emendata et repurgata), has nevertheless been retained. Thetitles of the parts of the Corpus iuris civilis, with its wealth of contributors andsupplementary material, have been transcribed at considerable length.

The orthography of the titles has been entirely recast in order to facilitate acoherent and readable title. Truncation of words in the original (as annot., dom.,titul.) has been retained, while contractions of letters and words have been resolved(thus dñi. is rendered as domini, ~p as prae, _p as per, and so on). The ampersand & isrendered et (except in the imprint), and ~u etc. is transcribed um or un as appropri-ate. The endings b. or b9 and q. or q; have been spelled out in full as bus and que.Accents on Latin words have been omitted (except again in the imprint). The accen-tuation of modern languages has been standardised according to modern practice.

4. Imprint, printer’s device, colophon

The imprint is given as it appears on the title-page (i.e. without standardisation ofplace or printer’s name). Here, however, omissions (as for example of the nationality oraddress of a publisher) have been made without indication. All other elements of theimprint have been retained so far as possible, even where this involves a slight changein order; thus Impressum Lugduni apud Sebastianum Gryphium is rendered: Lugduni,impressum apud Sebastianum Gryphium (not simply apud Sebastianum Gryphium, as iscustomary). Information deriving from a printer’s device is set in pointed brackets < >;information from the colophon in round brackets ( ); information from outwith thebook itself in square brackets [ ]. Information about printers’ devices is generally pro-

17CATALOGUE

vided only in the most evident cases, as where the name itself (as, for example, ofIacobus Giunta or Vincentius de Portonariis) features in the device.

Information from the colophon is recorded only where it differs from that of theimprint in providing a different date or different printer’s or publisher’s name fromthat on the title-page. A day or month date in the colophon (or on the title-page) isrecorded in a note.

Post-incunables, defined as books published between 1501 and 1525 inclusive,have been substantially assimilated to incunables for purposes of bibliographic de-scription, except that the title has been transcribed as it appears on the title-page.Publishing information is thus recorded in the language of the catalogue, togetherwith the day date (which is generally reported in this period), and without bracketsto indicate the colophon (from which the information is generally derived), forexample: Lyon: Franciscus Fradin for Aymo de Porta, 5 December 1521. (The libraryhas six incunables: Nos. 54, 100, 589, 886-887, 1468.)

5. Format, collation

The format is given according to the folding of the sheets. (It should be noted that theconcept of format in early printed books has been interpreted in the most subjectivefashion by cataloguers, so variation from some other catalogues is to be expected). Asignature collation has been made only for two categories of books, namely those pub-lished up to the year 1525 and those without foliation or pagination (with in additionperhaps a small number of exceptional cases). All blanks are recorded in the collation.To indicate in the collation itself, as I think is desirable, the existence of a probableblank (i.e. where the leaf is wanting and the information could not be supplied byanother catalogue), a question mark is set after the relevant leaf; thus (blank r8?) in thecollational formula is short-hand for the statement: leaf r8 presumably blank (wantingin present copy). A leaf count is also given for those books which have been collated.

6. Foliation, pagination, columnation

Only the last numbered folio, page, or column is recorded. This has been set inround brackets where the original is in Roman numerals. An erroneous final num-bering has been recorded as it stands in the book, the correct number being addedin square brackets, e.g.: ff. 246 [= 264]. In determining whether the numbering iserroneous only the final few leaves or pages have been consulted; the number brack-eted does not represent an absolutely correct number taking account of all the manyerrors which so often affect the pagination of an early printed book. It should alsobe recalled that the frequent misnumbering of the final leaf or page was often causedby the dislodging of the numbers at the corner of the page during the process ofinking and their subsequent erroneous replacement; such errors will therefore notoccur in all copies of an edition. (Note that where another catalogue exhibits a

16 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

and Institutiones are generally bound together in a single fifth volume (the order ofthese two parts within the volume being variable). In the present catalogue sets ofthe Corpus iuris civilis (including the Institutiones), precede the listing of editionsof the Institutiones published independently.

The order of the Corpus iuris canonici and commentaries thereon is: DecretumGratiani, Decretales Gregorii IX, Liber Sextus Bonifacii VIII, Clementinae ClementisV, Extravagantes Ioannis XXII, Extravagantes Communes. The latter four parts aregenerally bound together to constitute the third volume of the Corpus.

3. Titles

The titles, though given in abbreviated form, will be found to be rather more exten-sive than is customary. Omission of material before the commencement of the titleis not indicated; thereafter all material which is omitted before the printer’s device,but not thereafter, is indicated by three points of ellipsis. In general, the wordsomitted are restricted to (1) the author’s name, (2) the attributes of any individualmentioned, (3) references to summaries or indices, (4) the name of a dedicatee, and(5) material of a purely advertising character. Any reference to the correction oremendation of the edition, even if it is probably no more than a standard advertis-ing formula (as editio emendata et repurgata), has nevertheless been retained. Thetitles of the parts of the Corpus iuris civilis, with its wealth of contributors andsupplementary material, have been transcribed at considerable length.

The orthography of the titles has been entirely recast in order to facilitate acoherent and readable title. Truncation of words in the original (as annot., dom.,titul.) has been retained, while contractions of letters and words have been resolved(thus dñi. is rendered as domini, ~p as prae, _p as per, and so on). The ampersand & isrendered et (except in the imprint), and ~u etc. is transcribed um or un as appropri-ate. The endings b. or b9 and q. or q; have been spelled out in full as bus and que.Accents on Latin words have been omitted (except again in the imprint). The accen-tuation of modern languages has been standardised according to modern practice.

4. Imprint, printer’s device, colophon

The imprint is given as it appears on the title-page (i.e. without standardisation ofplace or printer’s name). Here, however, omissions (as for example of the nationality oraddress of a publisher) have been made without indication. All other elements of theimprint have been retained so far as possible, even where this involves a slight changein order; thus Impressum Lugduni apud Sebastianum Gryphium is rendered: Lugduni,impressum apud Sebastianum Gryphium (not simply apud Sebastianum Gryphium, as iscustomary). Information deriving from a printer’s device is set in pointed brackets < >;information from the colophon in round brackets ( ); information from outwith thebook itself in square brackets [ ]. Information about printers’ devices is generally pro-

17CATALOGUE

vided only in the most evident cases, as where the name itself (as, for example, ofIacobus Giunta or Vincentius de Portonariis) features in the device.

Information from the colophon is recorded only where it differs from that of theimprint in providing a different date or different printer’s or publisher’s name fromthat on the title-page. A day or month date in the colophon (or on the title-page) isrecorded in a note.

Post-incunables, defined as books published between 1501 and 1525 inclusive,have been substantially assimilated to incunables for purposes of bibliographic de-scription, except that the title has been transcribed as it appears on the title-page.Publishing information is thus recorded in the language of the catalogue, togetherwith the day date (which is generally reported in this period), and without bracketsto indicate the colophon (from which the information is generally derived), forexample: Lyon: Franciscus Fradin for Aymo de Porta, 5 December 1521. (The libraryhas six incunables: Nos. 54, 100, 589, 886-887, 1468.)

5. Format, collation

The format is given according to the folding of the sheets. (It should be noted that theconcept of format in early printed books has been interpreted in the most subjectivefashion by cataloguers, so variation from some other catalogues is to be expected). Asignature collation has been made only for two categories of books, namely those pub-lished up to the year 1525 and those without foliation or pagination (with in additionperhaps a small number of exceptional cases). All blanks are recorded in the collation.To indicate in the collation itself, as I think is desirable, the existence of a probableblank (i.e. where the leaf is wanting and the information could not be supplied byanother catalogue), a question mark is set after the relevant leaf; thus (blank r8?) in thecollational formula is short-hand for the statement: leaf r8 presumably blank (wantingin present copy). A leaf count is also given for those books which have been collated.

6. Foliation, pagination, columnation

Only the last numbered folio, page, or column is recorded. This has been set inround brackets where the original is in Roman numerals. An erroneous final num-bering has been recorded as it stands in the book, the correct number being addedin square brackets, e.g.: ff. 246 [= 264]. In determining whether the numbering iserroneous only the final few leaves or pages have been consulted; the number brack-eted does not represent an absolutely correct number taking account of all the manyerrors which so often affect the pagination of an early printed book. It should alsobe recalled that the frequent misnumbering of the final leaf or page was often causedby the dislodging of the numbers at the corner of the page during the process ofinking and their subsequent erroneous replacement; such errors will therefore notoccur in all copies of an edition. (Note that where another catalogue exhibits a

18 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

pagination which is a single number greater than that recorded here, this is almostcertainly due to an antique cataloguing rule whereby a non-existent page number isattributed to a blank final verso where the text ends on a recto; it would be helpfulif all cataloguers would abandon this practice forthwith).

7. Notes

In the first place a day or month-date in the colophon (or less frequently on the title-page), is recorded here. Variations from the description offered which are to befound in a limited selection of reliable bibliographical catalogues are recorded, asfor example: Adams does not record the colophon. It remains to be determined whetherthis represents a bibliographical variant, indicating different states of the edition, oris merely an oversight of the cataloguer in question. (In this last regard it should beemphasised that it is considerably easier to note a minor oversight in one out ofthousands of existing descriptions than to make thousands of descriptions de novowithout error; the recording of such variants, far from being intended as a criticism,is both recognition of the lasting value of the catalogue cited and a contribution toestablishing the correct bibliographical record).

8. Edition, issue, state

In principle the question of edition, issue and state has not been examined exceptwhere specific examples could be isolated by direct confrontation of the books inthe library itself. Any cases of re-issues which have been detected are indicated in anote; cases of separate issues, i.e. copies of the same edition with a different place ofpublication or different name of publisher or printer in the imprint, are indicatedby a capital letter in square brackets after the name of the author, as [A] and [B].

The ever-present possibility of variant settings of the text itself in different cop-ies of the same edition (different states) can be detected only by a close comparisonof a sufficient number of copies; for this reason every catalogue should record – andclearly label with its individual shelf-mark – all the copies in the library it describes.

Where it was desirable to establish bibliographical edition, I have employed abibliographical profile. This records the position of a pre-determined set of signa-tures. The signature is the small letter, or letter and number, occurring at the bot-tom of a number of recto leaves; the gatherings were originally so signed in alpha-betical sequence as an indication to the binder of their correct order. Since theprecise position of this signature inevitably varies from edition to edition, even inthe case of line-for-line resettings, it is possible to identify an edition by observingthe position of a number of signatures (preferably drawn from different parts of thebook) in relation to the line of text lying immediately above them.

The profile records: 1. the first and last signatures of separately signed prelimi-naries (where such are present); 2. the first signature of the first two, and last two,

19CATALOGUE

gatherings, which fall under the main text (thus excluding a final index, for exam-ple); 3. the first and last signatures of separately signed postliminaries (where suchare present). Where the book has less than four gatherings, a selection has beenimprovised from those signatures available. All signatures occur on the recto leafand unless otherwise indicated are the first leaf of the gathering; hence in the profilethe letter A alone is used as shorthand to indicate the signature on leaf A1r. Theposition of the signature is indicated by transcribing the word or words lying imme-diately above it and indicating with two slashes the position of the first element ofthe signature in relation to that word. Thus, for example, the notation “b3 Jus/ti/nianus” indicates that the letter b of signature b3 appearing on leaf b3r lies underthe letters “ti” of the word “Justinianus” on the line immediately above it. (Even ifthe matter sounds complicated, it will be found to be extremely simple if the userconfronts another copy of the edition with the recorded profile).

Further details about the profile as a means of identifying edition are set out inmy article, The Identification of Edition in Early Printed Books, published in: RareLaw Books and the Language of Catalogues (edd. M. Ascheri and L. Mayali; collab.S. Pucci), Università degli Studi di Siena, 1999.

9. Bibliographical references

References are made to a selection of leading catalogues and bibliographical works.These references are arranged in alphabetical order, with abbreviations precedingnames (thus BL.STC.(Fr) before Baudrier). References to incunable catalogues, how-ever, follow the order: ISTC, GW, Hain, Copinger, Reichling, and thereafter arelisted in alphabetical sequence. Some of the reference works cited provide addi-tional information, as for example a signature collation or a quasi-facsimile tran-scription of the title-page (although I have found the latter generally to be of ques-tionable accuracy). Others, which may provide no extra information, are neverthe-less standard works, so that their citation is a means of facilitating comparison be-tween catalogues. The addition of /1 or /2 to a page number indicates the columnof that page in the catalogue cited. Where ambiguity results from repeated sequenceswithin a single catalogue, both page number and reference number separated by aperiod (as Wagner 46.23) have been recorded.

All such references are to be understood within the parameters of the presentcatalogue. Since, for example, the books have only rarely been collated, there isclearly no implication of a direct comparison of the full details of the collationprovided by Adams with that of the works in the library.

10. Shelf-marks

In the interests of greater precision, the library’s shelf-mark has sometimes beenexpanded (without of course trespassing on its integrity) in order to indicate the

18 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

pagination which is a single number greater than that recorded here, this is almostcertainly due to an antique cataloguing rule whereby a non-existent page number isattributed to a blank final verso where the text ends on a recto; it would be helpfulif all cataloguers would abandon this practice forthwith).

7. Notes

In the first place a day or month-date in the colophon (or less frequently on the title-page), is recorded here. Variations from the description offered which are to befound in a limited selection of reliable bibliographical catalogues are recorded, asfor example: Adams does not record the colophon. It remains to be determined whetherthis represents a bibliographical variant, indicating different states of the edition, oris merely an oversight of the cataloguer in question. (In this last regard it should beemphasised that it is considerably easier to note a minor oversight in one out ofthousands of existing descriptions than to make thousands of descriptions de novowithout error; the recording of such variants, far from being intended as a criticism,is both recognition of the lasting value of the catalogue cited and a contribution toestablishing the correct bibliographical record).

8. Edition, issue, state

In principle the question of edition, issue and state has not been examined exceptwhere specific examples could be isolated by direct confrontation of the books inthe library itself. Any cases of re-issues which have been detected are indicated in anote; cases of separate issues, i.e. copies of the same edition with a different place ofpublication or different name of publisher or printer in the imprint, are indicatedby a capital letter in square brackets after the name of the author, as [A] and [B].

The ever-present possibility of variant settings of the text itself in different cop-ies of the same edition (different states) can be detected only by a close comparisonof a sufficient number of copies; for this reason every catalogue should record – andclearly label with its individual shelf-mark – all the copies in the library it describes.

Where it was desirable to establish bibliographical edition, I have employed abibliographical profile. This records the position of a pre-determined set of signa-tures. The signature is the small letter, or letter and number, occurring at the bot-tom of a number of recto leaves; the gatherings were originally so signed in alpha-betical sequence as an indication to the binder of their correct order. Since theprecise position of this signature inevitably varies from edition to edition, even inthe case of line-for-line resettings, it is possible to identify an edition by observingthe position of a number of signatures (preferably drawn from different parts of thebook) in relation to the line of text lying immediately above them.

The profile records: 1. the first and last signatures of separately signed prelimi-naries (where such are present); 2. the first signature of the first two, and last two,

19CATALOGUE

gatherings, which fall under the main text (thus excluding a final index, for exam-ple); 3. the first and last signatures of separately signed postliminaries (where suchare present). Where the book has less than four gatherings, a selection has beenimprovised from those signatures available. All signatures occur on the recto leafand unless otherwise indicated are the first leaf of the gathering; hence in the profilethe letter A alone is used as shorthand to indicate the signature on leaf A1r. Theposition of the signature is indicated by transcribing the word or words lying imme-diately above it and indicating with two slashes the position of the first element ofthe signature in relation to that word. Thus, for example, the notation “b3 Jus/ti/nianus” indicates that the letter b of signature b3 appearing on leaf b3r lies underthe letters “ti” of the word “Justinianus” on the line immediately above it. (Even ifthe matter sounds complicated, it will be found to be extremely simple if the userconfronts another copy of the edition with the recorded profile).

Further details about the profile as a means of identifying edition are set out inmy article, The Identification of Edition in Early Printed Books, published in: RareLaw Books and the Language of Catalogues (edd. M. Ascheri and L. Mayali; collab.S. Pucci), Università degli Studi di Siena, 1999.

9. Bibliographical references

References are made to a selection of leading catalogues and bibliographical works.These references are arranged in alphabetical order, with abbreviations precedingnames (thus BL.STC.(Fr) before Baudrier). References to incunable catalogues, how-ever, follow the order: ISTC, GW, Hain, Copinger, Reichling, and thereafter arelisted in alphabetical sequence. Some of the reference works cited provide addi-tional information, as for example a signature collation or a quasi-facsimile tran-scription of the title-page (although I have found the latter generally to be of ques-tionable accuracy). Others, which may provide no extra information, are neverthe-less standard works, so that their citation is a means of facilitating comparison be-tween catalogues. The addition of /1 or /2 to a page number indicates the columnof that page in the catalogue cited. Where ambiguity results from repeated sequenceswithin a single catalogue, both page number and reference number separated by aperiod (as Wagner 46.23) have been recorded.

All such references are to be understood within the parameters of the presentcatalogue. Since, for example, the books have only rarely been collated, there isclearly no implication of a direct comparison of the full details of the collationprovided by Adams with that of the works in the library.

10. Shelf-marks

In the interests of greater precision, the library’s shelf-mark has sometimes beenexpanded (without of course trespassing on its integrity) in order to indicate the

20 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

exact location of a bibliographical unit. The provision of this additional informa-tion flows naturally from the full description which is given to every bibliographi-cal unit as a matter of principle in the present catalogue. As regards multi-volumesets of works, the library’s practice is inconsistent, these sometimes being accordeda single shelf-mark and sometimes an individual number for each volume. Incases where a set of several volumes has a single shelf-mark, I have added thenumber of the volume after a slash, as /1, /2, etc. Where separate works (or parts ofa set) are bound together within a single volume, these are indicated in brackets, as(1), (2) etc. (Note that (1) applies to the first part, (2) to the second, and so on; anunfortunate alternative practice, here firmly rejected, is to give the first part noadditional indication, the second work the number (1), and so on; notice that theshelf-mark of the first work would then not betray the fact that it is bound withother works).

Thus, for example, the set of commentaries on the Corpus Iuris Civilis byBartholomaeus de Saliceto (Venetiis, 1574) bound in five volumes has the singlelibrary shelf-mark E.36.71 (See Nos. 125-130, infra). In the present catalogue theRepertorium, bound first in the first volume, has been designated E.36.71/1(1),and the commentary on the Digestum vetus which follows in the same volume asE.36.71/1(2). The next volume, being the pars prima on the Codex, is designatedE.36.71/2, and so on. This notation, besides clearly labelling each bibliographicalunit, will permit the user of the library to request only the specific part which isrequired.

11. Copy-specific features

As noted at the outset, there are clear differences in the external characteristics of allearly printed books: imperfections, evidence of censorship, provenance, annota-tions, illumination, binding etc. For the reasons previously stated, only a few of themost obvious of such features could be recorded in the present catalogue. Since thebooks have not been collated, references to imperfections relate only to those whichappear on a cursory examination. A provenance has been recorded only when itseemed particularly noteworthy. Hand-written annotations have been indicated onlywhere these went considerably beyond the ubiquitous case of occasional marginaljottings. Only bindings which incorporate manuscript fragments, or which have adate or name stamp, are recorded.

12. Common abbreviations

ff. foliospp. pagescoll. columnsannot. annotations

21CATALOGUE

edn. editionimpf. imperfectprov. provenancept. partpts. partsvol. volumevols. volumes

Apologies are tendered in anticipation for the errors and oversights which willinevitably remain in the present catalogue. I should be very grateful for notice ofany such errors and of course for general suggestions and criticisms of any kind.These would be particularly valuable in the present case since improvements mayduly be adopted in the censuses to which the present catalogue is also a contribu-tion. The censuses, as their designation implies, are conceived as central registerswhich will remain in a constant state of development for correction, expansion andcompletion.

The invitation to compile this catalogue was a great honour and its execution atrue pleasure. My first debt of gratitude derives from one of my earliest Frankfurtfriendships, which I always regard as the greatest among the many gifts of the Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte. It was on the initiative of BernardoSordi that I received the invitation to work on the present fascinating collection ofbooks; for this mark of respect, and also for his personal kindness and hospitality inFlorence, and that of his family, I shall always be grateful.

But it was Lucilla Conigliello and Federigo Bambi who were subjected to myimportunate presence on a daily if not hourly basis during a succession of visits tothe Villa Ruspoli. Not only did they respond to all my questions and requests withremarkable cheerfulness, but in addition offered extra-curricular hospitality withinexplicable fervour. Thanks to them, in just one month I was able to count 1,500new cinquecentine and two new friends. This was also the occasion to refresh an old– not to say ancient – Frankfurt friendship with Paolo Cappellini, who seemedalways to be lurking around a corner of the Villa with a ready dinner invitation. Butto Monica Chiantini and Silvio Pucci any word of thanks would be inadequate. Forthe record it should nevertheless be stated that without the extraordinary kindnesswith which they, as so often before and since, invited me into their home, the presentcatalogue would not have come to be.

To them, and of course to Clementina, the present catalogue is dedicated.

Douglas J. Osler

Max-Planck-Institut für europäische RechtsgeschichteFrankfurt am Main

Germany

20 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

exact location of a bibliographical unit. The provision of this additional informa-tion flows naturally from the full description which is given to every bibliographi-cal unit as a matter of principle in the present catalogue. As regards multi-volumesets of works, the library’s practice is inconsistent, these sometimes being accordeda single shelf-mark and sometimes an individual number for each volume. Incases where a set of several volumes has a single shelf-mark, I have added thenumber of the volume after a slash, as /1, /2, etc. Where separate works (or parts ofa set) are bound together within a single volume, these are indicated in brackets, as(1), (2) etc. (Note that (1) applies to the first part, (2) to the second, and so on; anunfortunate alternative practice, here firmly rejected, is to give the first part noadditional indication, the second work the number (1), and so on; notice that theshelf-mark of the first work would then not betray the fact that it is bound withother works).

Thus, for example, the set of commentaries on the Corpus Iuris Civilis byBartholomaeus de Saliceto (Venetiis, 1574) bound in five volumes has the singlelibrary shelf-mark E.36.71 (See Nos. 125-130, infra). In the present catalogue theRepertorium, bound first in the first volume, has been designated E.36.71/1(1),and the commentary on the Digestum vetus which follows in the same volume asE.36.71/1(2). The next volume, being the pars prima on the Codex, is designatedE.36.71/2, and so on. This notation, besides clearly labelling each bibliographicalunit, will permit the user of the library to request only the specific part which isrequired.

11. Copy-specific features

As noted at the outset, there are clear differences in the external characteristics of allearly printed books: imperfections, evidence of censorship, provenance, annota-tions, illumination, binding etc. For the reasons previously stated, only a few of themost obvious of such features could be recorded in the present catalogue. Since thebooks have not been collated, references to imperfections relate only to those whichappear on a cursory examination. A provenance has been recorded only when itseemed particularly noteworthy. Hand-written annotations have been indicated onlywhere these went considerably beyond the ubiquitous case of occasional marginaljottings. Only bindings which incorporate manuscript fragments, or which have adate or name stamp, are recorded.

12. Common abbreviations

ff. foliospp. pagescoll. columnsannot. annotations

21CATALOGUE

edn. editionimpf. imperfectprov. provenancept. partpts. partsvol. volumevols. volumes

Apologies are tendered in anticipation for the errors and oversights which willinevitably remain in the present catalogue. I should be very grateful for notice ofany such errors and of course for general suggestions and criticisms of any kind.These would be particularly valuable in the present case since improvements mayduly be adopted in the censuses to which the present catalogue is also a contribu-tion. The censuses, as their designation implies, are conceived as central registerswhich will remain in a constant state of development for correction, expansion andcompletion.

The invitation to compile this catalogue was a great honour and its execution atrue pleasure. My first debt of gratitude derives from one of my earliest Frankfurtfriendships, which I always regard as the greatest among the many gifts of the Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte. It was on the initiative of BernardoSordi that I received the invitation to work on the present fascinating collection ofbooks; for this mark of respect, and also for his personal kindness and hospitality inFlorence, and that of his family, I shall always be grateful.

But it was Lucilla Conigliello and Federigo Bambi who were subjected to myimportunate presence on a daily if not hourly basis during a succession of visits tothe Villa Ruspoli. Not only did they respond to all my questions and requests withremarkable cheerfulness, but in addition offered extra-curricular hospitality withinexplicable fervour. Thanks to them, in just one month I was able to count 1,500new cinquecentine and two new friends. This was also the occasion to refresh an old– not to say ancient – Frankfurt friendship with Paolo Cappellini, who seemedalways to be lurking around a corner of the Villa with a ready dinner invitation. Butto Monica Chiantini and Silvio Pucci any word of thanks would be inadequate. Forthe record it should nevertheless be stated that without the extraordinary kindnesswith which they, as so often before and since, invited me into their home, the presentcatalogue would not have come to be.

To them, and of course to Clementina, the present catalogue is dedicated.

Douglas J. Osler

Max-Planck-Institut für europäische RechtsgeschichteFrankfurt am Main

Germany

22 DOUGLAS J. OSLER 23CATALOGUE

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

AdamsCatalogue of books printed on the continent of Europe 1501-1600 in Cambridgelibraries, compiled by H.M. Adams.Cambridge, at the University Press, 1967.

Ahsmann-Feenstra (Leiden)Bibliografie van hoogleraren in de rechten aan de Leidse Universiteit tot 1811, doorMargreet Ahsmann en R. Feenstra, met medewerking van R. Starink. Geschiedenisder Nederlandsche Rechtswetenschap, samengesteld in opdracht van de Commissievoor de uitgave van de Geschiedenis der Nederlandse Rechtswetenschap van deKoninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Deel VII. Bibliografie Nederlandse Rechts-wetenschap tot 1811. Afl. 1. Bibliografie van hoogleraren in de rechten aan de LeidseUniversiteit tot 1811.Amsterdam/Oxford/New York, B.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1984.

AnselmoPublicações da Biblioteca Nacional. Bibliografia das obras impressas em Portugal noséculo XVI, por Antonio Joaquim Anselmo.Lisboa, Oficinas Gráficas da Biblioteca Nacional, 1926.

AscarelliFernanda Ascarelli. Le cinquecentine romane. Censimento delle edizioni romane delXVI secolo possedute dalle biblioteche di Roma.Milano, Editrice Etimar S.p.A., 1972.

BL.STC.(Fr)Short-title catalogue of books printed in France and of French books printed in othercountries from 1470 to 1600 in the British Museum. (Unrevised reproduction of theoriginal edition of 1924).London, the Trustees of the British Museum, 1966.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

AdamsCatalogue of books printed on the continent of Europe 1501-1600 in Cambridgelibraries, compiled by H.M. Adams.Cambridge, at the University Press, 1967.

Ahsmann-Feenstra (Leiden)Bibliografie van hoogleraren in de rechten aan de Leidse Universiteit tot 1811, doorMargreet Ahsmann en R. Feenstra, met medewerking van R. Starink. Geschiedenisder Nederlandsche Rechtswetenschap, samengesteld in opdracht van de Commissievoor de uitgave van de Geschiedenis der Nederlandse Rechtswetenschap van deKoninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Deel VII. Bibliografie Nederlandse Rechts-wetenschap tot 1811. Afl. 1. Bibliografie van hoogleraren in de rechten aan de LeidseUniversiteit tot 1811.Amsterdam/Oxford/New York, B.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1984.

AnselmoPublicações da Biblioteca Nacional. Bibliografia das obras impressas em Portugal noséculo XVI, por Antonio Joaquim Anselmo.Lisboa, Oficinas Gráficas da Biblioteca Nacional, 1926.

AscarelliFernanda Ascarelli. Le cinquecentine romane. Censimento delle edizioni romane delXVI secolo possedute dalle biblioteche di Roma.Milano, Editrice Etimar S.p.A., 1972.

BL.STC.(Fr)Short-title catalogue of books printed in France and of French books printed in othercountries from 1470 to 1600 in the British Museum. (Unrevised reproduction of theoriginal edition of 1924).London, the Trustees of the British Museum, 1966.

24 DOUGLAS J. OSLER

BL.STC.(Fr.Suppl)Short-title catalogue of books printed in France and of French books printed in othercountries from 1470 to 1600 now in the British Library. Supplement.London, the British Library, 1986.

BL.STC.(Ger)Short-title catalogue of books printed in the German-speaking countries and Germanbooks printed in other countries from 1455 to 1600 now in the British Museum.London, Trustees of the British Museum, 1962.

BL.STC.(Ger.Suppl)Short-title catalogue of books printed in the German-speaking countries and of Ger-man books printed in other countries from 1455 to 1600 now in the British Library.Supplement.London, the British Library, 1990.

BL.STC.(It)Short-title catalogue of books printed in Italy and of Italian books printed in othercountries from 1465 to 1600 now in the British Museum.London, Trustees of the British Museum, 1958.

BL.STC.(It.Suppl)Short-title catalogue of books printed in Italy and of Italian books printed in othercountries from 1465 to 1600 now in the British Library. Supplement.London, the British Library, 1986.

BL.STC.(Neth)Short-title catalogue of books printed in the Netherlands and Belgium and of Dutch andFlemish books printed in other countries from 1470 to 1600 now in the British Museum.London, Trustees of the British Museum, 1965.

BL.STC.(Sp)Catalogue of books printed in Spain and of Spanish books printed elsewhere in Europebefore 1601 now in the British Library. Second edition.London, the British Library, 1989.

BMCCatalogue of books printed in the XVth century now in the British Museum. Parts1-10, 12.London, the Trustees of the British Museum, 1908-1985; (Lithographic Reprint: London, 1963).

BNCIBibliothèque Nationale. Catalogue des incunables. Tome II. H-Z et Hebraica.Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 1985.

25CATALOGUE

Bibliothèque Nationale. Catalogue des incunables. (CIBN) Tome I. Fasc. 1: Xylo-graphes et A.Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 1992.

Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Catalogue des incunables. (CIBN) Tome I. Fasc.2: B.Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 1996.

BSB-InkBayerische Staatsbibliothek Inkunabelkatalog. BSB-Ink. Band 1-4 (A-Ricu).Wiesbaden, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1988-1998.

BTElly Cockx-Indestege & Geneniève Glorieux (& Bart op de Beeck). Belgica Typogra-phica 1541-1600. Catalogus librorum impressorum ab anno MDXLI ad annum MDCin regionibus quae nunc Regni Belgarum partes sunt. I (-IV).Nieuwkoop, de Graaf, 1968-1994.

Bambi-ConiglielloGli statuti in edizione antica (1475-1799) della biblioteca di giurisprudenza dell’univer-sità di Firenze. Catalogo per uno studio dei testi di „ius proprium“ pubblicati a stampa,a cura di Federigo Bambi e Lucilla Conigliello.Roma, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 2003.

BaudrierBibliographie lyonnaise. Recherche sur les imprimeurs, libraires, relieurs et fondeursde lettres de Lyon au XVIe siècle, par le Président Baudrier, publiées et continuées parJ. Baudrier. (Réimpression exacte de l’édition originale).Paris, F. de Nobele, 1964.

Bulgarelli-CasamassimaBiblioteca del Senato della Repubblica. Catalogo del fondo Filippo Vasalli, a cura diSandro Bulgarelli e Alessandra Casamassima. Prefazione di Aldo Masullo. Introduzionidi Giovanni Battista Ferri e Ugo Petronio.Firenze, Leo S. Olschki, 2000.

CSupplement to Hain’s Repertorium Bibliographicum, or collections towards a newedition of that work. In two parts, the first containing nearly 7000 corrections ofand additions to the collations of works decribed or mentioned by Hain: the second,a list with numerous collations and bibliographical particulars of nearly 6000 volumesprinted in the fifteenth century, not referred to by Hain, by W.A. Copinger.London, Henry Sotheran and Co., 1895-1902