POCCI1HCKASI AKA,r::(EMI1SI HAYK HHCfHTYT POCCI1MCKOI1: l1CfOPI1I1

~PEBHEfiiiiiiE fOCY~APCTBA

BOCTOl.JHOH EBPOTihi MA TEPHAJibi l111CCJIEJ];OBAHHH

· 1992-1993 rop;hi

MOCKBA HAYKA 1995

EEK 63.3(2)2 )]}3

KHuza U30a!la npu cpuHallCOBOU noooepJICKe PoccuucKow cjJoHoa cjJyHoaM.eHmfl.llbllbLX ucCJzeooaaHwt (npoeKm 93-06-10324)

0TOCTCTOCHHbiH pe)laKTOp

'IJieH-KoppecnoHACHT PAH A.n. HOBOCEJTbli,EB

PeAaKl\HOIIHall Konnemll:

'InCHbi-KOppecnon)leHTbi PAH

A.n. HOBOCEilbli,EB (oTaeTcTneHHbiii peAaKTop), 51. H. llJ,AnOB,

/IOKTOpa 11CTOp11'IeCKI1X nayK E.A. MEilbHHKOBA, H.C. '-111'-IYPOB,

Kall/111/laTbl 11CTOp11'1CCKI1X HayK r.B. rflA3biPJ.1J-IA (OTBCTCTBCIIHbll"l ceKpeTapb),

A.B. HA3APEHKO, A.B. nO,IJ,OCHHOB

PelleHJCHTbi:

'men-KoppecnonACHT AH TypKMenHcrana c.r. ArA,IJ,tKAHOB.

JIOKTOp IICTopw~ecKI1X uayK M.B. BHEHKOB

,Upeoneilmne rocyAapcTBa BoCTo~moi1 Eoponr.1. MaTepHaJlbi 11

,U73 HCCJleAOBaHHH. 1992-1993 rOAbi.- M.: HayKa, 1995.-219 c. ISBN 5-02-009784-5 O'IepcAHOI"I BbmycK C)f(CrD/IHI1Ka nocBstll\CH cnopnbiM npo6neMaM o6paJooanust ,!J,peaue­

pyccKoro rocyAapcToa, o6cy)f(AaowiiMCll 11a lJTeHHstx naMliTH 'Ineua-KoppecnOII/ICHTa AH CCCP B.T. nawyTo. B ny6ni1KYCMbiX craTbstx nepecMaTPUBaioTcst Kap/llii·JanbHbiC oon­pocbl o npeAnOCbinKax 11 nyTliX B03HHKHOBCHI1st rocyAapcroenHOCTII , o xapaKTepe 11 oco-6ctmOCTSIX paHII11X rocyAapCTBCIIHbiX o6pa30Balll11t y BOCTO'IHbiX cnaOstH.

,!J,Jlll IICTOpHKOB II WltpOKOrO Kpyra 'IIITaTenell, 11HTepecyiOLl\HXCSI OTC'ICCTBCIIIWJI IIC­TOpHCll.

0503020200-326 ( Jl ()42(02)_95 31-94-1 nonyro)lltC

EliK 63.3(2)2

ISBN 5-02-009784-5 © KoJlJleKTHB aoTopoo, 1995 © PoccHMCKaH aKaAeMiiH HayK, 1995

OT PE.IJ:KOJIJIEfl111

06pa30BaHHe )J;peBHepycCKOrO rocyAapCTBa rrpHHaAJie)KHT K TeM ~eHTpanh­

llbiM MOMeHTaM OTe<reCTBeHHOH HCTOpHH, KOTOphle, orrpeAemiH Ha BeKa

CYAh6hi HapOAOB, HeH3MeHHO rrpHBJieKaJIH H rrpHBJieKaJOT BH11MaHHe KaK crre­

I~HaJIHCTOB, TaK H umpoKoro Kpyra nJ06HTenei1 APeBHOCTei1. Hap»AY c cyry6o

Hay~IHhiM, 3Ta rrpo6neMa BCerAa 11Mena 11 06~eCTBeHHO-IlOJIHTH'leCKOe 3By<ra­

H11e : He cnyqaf!Ho cTonhKO rrhwa 6hwo sno)KeHo B AByxcoTneTHHe AHCKyccl111

110 TaK Ha3hmaeMoMy HOpMaHHCKOMY sorrpocy. ,IJ;aneKoe rrpornnoe rrpHo6pe­

Tano aKTyanhHOCTh B CBeTe C06hiTHH cerOAHHlliHero AHH H B CBOJO O<repeAh

BhiCBe~msano »BneHHH HaCTOH~ero. H rroToMy B Ka)KAYJO rrocneAyJO~YJO

1-fCTOpWieCKYJO ::moxy HayKa BHOBh H BHOBb B03Bpa~anaCh K ::naif, Ka3aJJOCh

6hi, BCeCTOpOHHe 11CCJJeAOBaHHOH TeMe, H~a H HaXOAH HOBble 11 MeTO­

J~OJIOrWJeCKHe IlOAXOAhl, H HCCJJeAOBaTeJihCKHe acrreKThl, 11 MaTepHaJihl, Il03BO­

JJHJO~He rrpeAJJO)KI1Th OTBe'JaJO~yJO HOBOMY ypOBHJO HayKI1 - a IlOA~IaC 11

KOHbJOHKType - HHTeprrpeTa~HJO Ha~JaJJhHhiX 3TaiTOB pa3BHTI1H BOCTO~IHO­

CJJaBHHCKOrO 06~eCTBa.

06pa~eHI1e K KOMITJJeKcy rrpo6JJeM, CBH3aHHhiX C B03HHKHOBeHI1eM· 11 CTa­

HOBJieHHeM pyccKOH rocyAapCTBeHHOCTH , cerOAHH rrpeACTaBJJHeTCH TeM 6oJJee

CCTeCTBCHHhiM H Ba)KHhiM, ~JeM rJJy6)Ke npHXOAHT OC03HaHHe TOrO, 'ITO

CJI0)KHBllll1eCH B OTe'IeCTBeHHOH HayKe 1930-1970-X rOAOB MeTOAOJJOrWieCKI1e

CXeMhl He HBJIHJOTCH eAHHCTBeHHO B03MO)KHhiMH H a6COJIJOTHO BepHhiMH.

Cy~ecTBYJOT 11 Tpe6yJOT TBOP'JeCKoro OCMhiCJJeHH» aJJhTepHaTHBHhJe 11CTO­

puoco¢cKHe 11 CO~I10JJOrWJeCKI1e KOH~ell~1111 06~eCTBeHHOrO pa3BI1THH, BbiABH­

HYThJe B OTe'JeCTBeHHOH 11 3apy6e)KH0H HCTOp110rpa¢1111 H rrpeAJJaraJO~He CBOH

perneHHH TeX )Ke BOilpOCOB. HaKOHe~, MeHHeTCH HhJHe H Harne C06CTBeHHOe

nOHHMaHHe Ba)KHeHlliHX 11CTOpH'IeCKI1X KaTerOp11H, B rrepsyJO O'IepeAh

rocyAapCTBa, KOTOpoe npHBhi'IHO paCCMaTpHBaeTCH JJI1lllh KaK KJJaCCOBhJH

CO~HaJihHO-IlOJIHTH'IeCKI1H 11HCTI1TYT C penpeCCHBHOH OCHOBHOH ¢YHK~I1eH, H

nOTOMY - COrJJaCHO 06~enp11HHTOH CXeMe - OHO B03HI1KaeT Jll1lllb BMeCTe C

YTBep)KAeHI1eM OAHOH 113 nepBbiX KnaccOBbiX o6~eCTBeHH0-3KOHOMH'IeCKHX

¢opMa~HH, pa6oBJJaAeJJh~IeCKOH 11Jilf ¢eoAaJJhHOH.

Ynpo<IHBrnrrecH B OTe~JeCTBeHHOH HayKe rrpeACTaBJJeHI1» o ¢opMupoBaHrrl1

y)Ke B IX-X BB. KnaccoBoro o6u~ecTsa 11 ¢eoAanhHoro rocyAapcTBa Ha PycH

11p11XOA11JIH B rrpOTHBOpe'IHe C AaHHhiMH HCTO'IHHKOB 11 llOTOMY e~e B KOH~e

1970-X rOAOB Bhi3BaJJH HHrHJJHCTWieCKYJO peaK~I1JO, Bblpa311BlliYJOCH B onpe­

}\CJieHHll ,!J;peBHeH Pyc11 KaK naTp11apxaJJhHOrO AOKJJaCCOBOrO 11 - COOT­

IleTCTBeHHO - AOrocyAapcTBeHHOro o6~eCTBa BnJJOTh AO XII-XIII BB. 0TKa3

1\pyroH 'IaCTH HCTOpHKOB OT OCMbiCJJeHI1H TeopeTH~IeCKI1X OCHOBaHU:H KOH­

KpeTHO-HCTOpH'IeCKI1X 113hiCKaHI1H - HHaH, rraCCHBHa», ¢opMa OTp11~aHU»

3

AOrManP-IeCKIIX CXeM - CnOC06CTBOBaJI JIIIlllb He3piiMOCTII IIX npRCYTCTBIHI,

OnpeAeJISUI eCJIII He CaMII pellleHIIH, TO HanpaBJieHIIH nOIICKOB B pellleHIIII

BonpocoB COQIIaJibH0-3KOHOMII'IecKoro pa3BIITIIH ,IJ;peBHeif Pycii.

11MeHHO Il03TOMY ny6JIIIKyeMbiH TOM e)J(efOAHIIKa, KOTOpbiH nOAfOTOBJieH

no MaTepwanaM liTeHIIif naMHTH qJieHa-KoppecnOHAeHTa B.T. ITalllyTo B

1992 II 1993 rr., nOCBHUWHHbiX CnOpHbiM npo6JieMaM o6pa30BaHIIH ,IJ;peBHe­

pycCKOrO rocyAapCTBa, IIMeeT QeJibiO He TOJlbKO II, MO)J(eT 6hiTb, He CTOJlbKO

npeACTaBIITb pe3yJibTaTbl KOHKpeTHbiX HCCJieAOBaHHH, HO B nepByiO oqepeAb

npiiBJie'lb BHIIMaHIIe K 6onee 06IQIIM, MeTOAOJIOfli'IeCKHM II TeopeTII'IeCKIIM

BOnpocaM, KaCaiOIQIIMCH KaK npeAilOCbiJIOK II nyTeif B03HIIKHOBeHIIH rocy­

AapCTBeHHOCTII, TaK H COQHaJihHO-IlOJIIITH'IeCKOfO xapaKTepa paHHIIX rocyAap­

CTBeHHbiX o6pa30BaHIIif B pa3JIH'!HbiX periiOHaX BOCTO~lHOCJiaBHHCKOfO MIIpa.

3TIIM BOnpOCaM IlOCBHIQeHa nepBaH rpynna CTaTeif . B IICTOpiiOrpaqm~Ie­

CKOM o63ope M.E. CBepAJIOBa, cpaBHIITeJibHO-TIInonorii~IecKoM HCCJieAOBa­

HIIII E.A. MeJibHRKOBOif, npo6neMHoif craTbe H.<l>. KoTJIHpa , KOHKpeTHOM

II3y'leHIIII OAHOif II3 periiOHaJihHhiX q,opM cTaHOBJieHIIH rocyAapcTBeHHOCTH

A.A. fopcKoro npeAnpiiHHThi nonhiTKII ocMbiCJIIITh KopeHHhie npOTIIBope~mH

Me)J(AY CJIO)J(IIBllJIIMIICH CXeMaMII H peaJihHbiM, XOTH H CKYAHbiM, MaTepiiaJIOM,

noKa3aTb CJIO)J(HOCTb II HepellleHHOCTb KapAIIHaJihHbiX BOilpOCOB, CBH3aJUibiX C

B03HIIKHOBeHIIeM pycCKOH roCyAapCTBeHHOCTII, II npeAJIO)J(IITb B03MO:>KHbie

HOBbie nOAXOAbi K HX aHaJIII3y. T e CHO CBH3aHO C 3TIIM KOMilJieKCOM H HCCJie­

AOBaHIIe A.B. <l>oMIIHhiM AeHe)J(HO-MOHeTHoro pbiHKa B ,IJ;peBHeif Pycw X B.,

CTaHOBJieHHe KOTOporo HBJIHeTCH Ba)J(HbiM noKa3aTeJieM KOHCOJIIIAaQIIH

rocyAapCTBa. ABTOpbl He CTaBHJIH CBOeif 3aAaqeiJ AaTb IIC'IepnhiBaiOIQHe OT­

BeThl Ha nOCTaBJieHHhie BOnpOCbl - pHA CTaTeif HOCIIT AHCKYCCIIOHHbiH xa­

paKTep, - HO CaMO BhiABII)J(eHHe II 06Cy:>KAeHIIe 3THX BOnpOCOB, Mbl HaAeeMCH,

AaCT IIMnyJihC K AaJihHeHllJHM 6onee AeTaJibHbiM II BCe06oeMJIIOIQHM H3biC­

KaHIIHM no paHHeif HCTOpiiii Pycii.

BTopaH rpynna cTaTeif B Toif IIJIII IIHOif cTeneHH CBH3aHa c npo6JieMOH

CJIO)J(eHitH TeppiiTOpiiii ,il;peBHepyccKOfO roCyAapCTBa II ee BOCnpHHTIIH COBpe­

MeHHIIKaMII. B.A. Ky<JKIIH II 11.B. BeAIOlliKIIHa IICCJieAYIOT TeppiiTopHaJibHoe

o6pa30BaHIIe , nony~IIIBllJee B JieTOniiCHX Ha3BaHHe "PyccKaH 3eMJIH" H nopo­

AHBIDee HeMaJIO cnopOB B COBpeMeHHOH IICTOpROrpaq,HII. B HX CTaTbHX

"PyccKaH 3e MJIH" paCCMaTpiiBaeTCH H KaK llCTOpHKO-reorpaq,H'IeCKaH peaJib­

HOCTb, H KaK onpeAeJieHHbiH KOMnJieKC npeACTaBJieHIIH ApeBHepyccKoro JieTO­

nHCQa. B.5J:. IJeTpyxHH OCBeiQaeT B3aiiMOAeHCTBIIe CJiaBHHCKOrO II Xa3apCKOrO

MHpOB H yqaCTIIe B HeM BapHrOB B XOAe q,opMIIpOBaHIIH TeppiiTOpliH

,IJ;peBHepyccKoro rocyAapcTBa. B.n. 51HIIH aHaJIH3HpyeT OAHH II3 IIHTepec­

HeiflliHX naMHTHIIKOB, OTpa)J(aiOIQHH n03AHHe 3Tanhi CJIO)J(eHHH rocyAapCT­

BeHHOH TeppHTOpHH PycH,- "CnwcoK ropoAOB pyccKHx AaJihHHX H 6JIH)J(HHx".

8 CBOeif COBOKynHOCTII 3TH CTaTbii, nOCBHIQeHHbie KOHKpeTHbiM HBJieHIIHM,

OCBeiQaiOT Ba:>KHeHllJHe npOQeCCbl B q,opMHpOBaHHH rocyAapcrBeHHOH Teppii­

TOpHH PycH, HMeDllJHe MHOro~IHCJieHHbie XpOHOJIOfli'JeCKHe H perHOHaJibHbie

oco6eHHOCTH.

CJieAyiOIQHH KOMnJieKC CTaTeif, B onpeAeJieHHOM CMbiCJie npiiMbiKaiOIQHH K

npeAhiAYIQeMy, T.M. KaJIHHHHoif, 11.f. KoHoaanoaoif, 11.f. ,IJ;o6poAOMOBa,

COAep)J(HT xapaKTepHCTHKY npoQeCCOB HHTerpaQHH HeCJiaBHHCKHX 3THH~IeCKHX

rpynn B ,il;peBHepyccKOM rocyAapCTBe H AeMOHCTpHpyeT pa3H006pa3lle B03-

4

MO:>KHbiX MCTOAOB 11CCJICAOBaHIDI 3THX rrpOI~CCCOB: TepM11HOJIOrWieCKOrO, 11CTO'I­

IIHKOBCA'ICCKOrO, 3TI1MOJIOr11'1eCKOrO.

3asepmaeT C60pHHK rpyrrrra CTaTCH C TpaAH~HOHHbiM AJIH e>KerOAH11Ka

COACp>KaHI1eM: MC>KAyHapOAHhie CBH3H )l;peBHCH Pyc11. 0AHaKO paCCMaTpH­

u aeMhie 3ACCb BOI1p0Cbl, XOTH H 06Cy:>KAaJIHCb MHOrOKpaTHO, OCTaiOTCH OCTpO

JIHCKyccHOHHhiMH: 3TO H AaTa rroe3AKH KHHrHHH OnhrH B KoHcTaHTiifHOITOJih

(A.B. Ha3apeHKO), 11 OCHOBaHI1e KHSI3CM CBSITOCJiaBOM TiepeHCJiaB~a Ha

.Ll.yHae .(B.E. nepxaBKO), H reHeaJIOrRSi KHSI3CH EpCHKe H KOKHece (E.JI. Ha­

'JapoBa), IifCCJICAOBaHHC KOTOpOH, KCTaTH, 6hiJIO CHJibHO OTSirO~CHO 110JII1TI1-

'ICCKHMI1 MOTHBaMH. He SiBJISISICb, O'ICBHAHO, ITOCJICAHHM CJIOBOM B A11CKyCCIDIX,

OTH CTaTbl1 BHOCSIT Ba>KHhiH BKJiaA- B rrepsy10 O'IepeAb rrpHBJIC<ICHI1CM HOBbiX

MaTep11anos. HaKoHe~, cTaThH B.A. ApyTIOHosoif-<I>HAaHHH OTKpbmaeT 11C­

cneAOBaHI1e MaJIOH3Y'ICHHoro AOHhiHe HarrpasneHI1Si CBSi3eH )l;pesHeif Pyc11 c

OAHOH H3 cTpaH KasKa3cKoro perHoHa c AaBHHMI1 TpaAH~IDIHI1 xpHCTiifaHCTBa -

ApMeHI1eif.

Tiy6JIHKYCMbie CTaTbl1 B TOH 11JIH HHOil cpOpMe If CTCI1CHI1 nepecMaTp11BaiOT

CJIO>KHBUJHCCSI H YTBCpAHBUJI1CCSi B OTC'ICCTBCHHOH HCTOp11orpacpHH rrpeA­

CTaBJICHHH 0 Ba>KHCHUJHX SIBJICHI1SIX 11 npo~eccax, COI1pOBO>KAaBUJHX cpopM11-

poBaHI1C rocyAapCTBCHHOCTH y BOCTO'IHbiX CJiaBSIH.

ToM e>KeroAH11Ka 3asepmaeTcH 6H6JII10rpacpHeif pa6oT cOTPYAHHKOB OTACJia

HCTOpHH APCBHCHUJHX rocyAapCTB Ha Tepp11TOpHH BocTO'IHOH Esponhi, H3AaH­

HhiX B 1990-1991 rr. Hay<rHo-opraHI13a~u:OHHaH pa6oTa no rroArOTOBKe AaHHoro TOMa e>KeroA­

HHKa K ne•IaTH Bbii10JIHeHa fi.B. BeAIOUJKHHOH.

raksti. Riga, 1986. 861pp.; BpeuoaK A.B. llpH6rurrmicKo-<j>HHcKHe ua3BaHIDI peK s flaTranHH II Ji3B. AH ITaTBCCP. PHra, 1973. N.! 2. C. 98-99.

73 Latvie§u konversllcijas vllrdrlica. Rigll, 1937-1938. XVI s. 31698-31700 lpp.; Avoti{la R. Vllrdi, k 1

palika ~lavi{lu jllras dzelm~ II Dabas un v~stures kalendllrs, 1991. Riga, 1990. 150 lpp. 74 J. Sjogren's Livisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Livisches Worterbuch. SPb., 1861. S. 71. 75 Cimermane / . Op. cit 551pp.; Latvijas PSR arheologija. 186-1871pp. 76 H03apoaa E.JI. CseAeHIHI pyccKHX HCTO'IIIHKOB XVI B. o neHHHKax Mecruoro nponcxo)I(JieHHJI 11

flHBOHHH II AI' 1987 r . M., 1989. C. 290. 77 Cnpozuc H.H. YKa3. co'!. C. III.

B.A. Apymronooa-f/Juoamm

IIPABOCJIABHbiE APM~HE B CEBEPO-BOCfQqHQll PYCH

MHe CJieAOBaJIO 6bi Ha3BaTb 3Ty CTaTbiO "K BOnpocy 0 B03MO)KHOM npucyT­CTBHH npaaocnaBHbiX apMgH B Ceaepo-BocTO'IHOH Pycu", nocKOJibKY npu HaCTOg~eM COCTOHHHH HCTO'IHHKOB B pa60Te TaKOrO pOAa 6yAeT 60Jibiiie BOnpOCOB, 'IeM OTBeTOB. llpeAJIO)J{eHHaH 3AeCb rHnOTe3a - CKOpee TeMa AJIH COBMeCTHOrO pa3MbiiiiJieHHjl OpHeHTaJIHCTOB H cneQHaJIHCTOB no cpeAHeBe­KOBOH Pycu, npH'IeM He TOJibKO (H He CTOJibKO) HCTOpHKOB, CKOJibKO apxe­OJIOrOB H HCKYCCTBOBeAOB. HH<pOpMaQHji, KOTOpyiO g nonbiTaiOCb OCMbiCJIHTb B 3TOH pa6oTe, 6hma, co6craeHHO, npeAOCTaBJieHa TPYAaMH HCKyccTBO­BeAOB ..

HccneAOBaTenu ApeaHepyccKoro HCKyccTBa qacro nucanu o pacQBeTe aeJIHKonenHoB: apxuTeKTYPHOH IIIKOJihi ao BnaAHMHpo-Cy3AaJihCKOH Pycu (cepeAHHa Xll-XIII B.). llpu IOpHH .O:onropy,KOM 6biJIO B03BeAeHo fijiTb 6eno­KaMeHHbiX xpaMOB, B HX 'IHCJie QepKOBb Eopuca H rne6a (3aKOH'IeHHag nocrpoB:KoB: B 1152 r.), npoAOJI)KHJI cTpouTeJibCTBO AHApeB: Eoroni06CKHH, KOTOpbiH, no CBHAeTeJibCTBY JlaapeHTbeBCKOH JieTOnHCH, npHrJiaiiiaJI HH03eM­HbiX Macrepoa1. CneQHaJIHCTbi ycMaTPHBaiOT B TeXHHKe crpouTeJibCTBa H Ae­KopaTHBHOM y6paHCTBe naMjiTHHKOB BnaAHMHpo-Cy3AaJibCKOH apxHTeKTyp­HOH IIIKOJihi qepTbi, o6IQHB: c opHaMeHTaQHeB: xpaMoB 3aKaBKa3bjl. O.X. Xan­nax'IhHH cpaBHHBaeT pe3Hbie opHaMeHTbi AxTaMapcKoro xpaMa c BJiaAHMHpO­cy3AaJihCKHM AeKopoM. Ha KaMHjiX 3onOTbiX aopoT ao BnaAHMHpe H Ha nOAHO)KHH 'IaiiiH Kuaopftjl B Eoron106oae o6Hap~eHbi rpa4J4J»TH, CXOAHhie no Ha'IepTaHHIO C apMjiHCKHMH MOHOrpaMMaMH2.

0AHaKo H.A. Op6enu, KOTOpbiH BhiHCHHJI BOCTO'IHbie KOpHH "6oraTeB:IIIeB: pe3b6bi Ha KaMHe H nJIOCKHX peJibe4JoB, KOTOpbiMH 6hiJIH yKpaiiieHbl naMHTHHKH Cy3AaJibCKOH 3eMnu", ocHoBaTeJibHO nonaran, 'ITO "nonbiTKH nepe6pocHTb qepe3 KaBKa3cKue ropbi Ha '~YAOBHIQHOM reorpa4JuqecKOM npoTH)J{eHHH MOCT H3 Cy3AaJih~HHhi HenocpeACTBeHHo Ha BaHcKoe o3epo Ha AxTaMap, nepecKaKHBaH qepe3 TPH aeKa, eABa JIH Korp-nu6o Mornu y6eAHTh". He OTpHQaH BJIHHHHjl apMjiHCKoro HCKyccraa Ha HCKYCCTBO JJ:peBHeB: Pycu, OH C'IHTaJI, 'ITO He06XOAHMO BbljiCHHTb IlyTH, 110 KOTOpbiM MOrJIO npOHHKaTb 3TO

© ApyTiouosa-«l>HAalHIH B.A.

196

8JIIDIHHe, HaHTH 8biXOA "H3 3aKa8Ka3b51 H JO)KJIOro IlpHKa8Ka3MI" Ha OKpaHHhl pyccKOH paBHHHbl3.

0 cy~eCTBOBaHHH TaKHX nyTe:B: 8 CeBepo-BoCToqHyJO Pycb CBHAeTeJihCT­ByeT H nopa3HTeJibHOe (npH o6~eM HenpiDITHH "apM51HCKOH Bepbi", yHaCJie­AOBaHHOM pyccKo:B: QepKOBbJO OT 8H3aHTHHCKOH) B03HHKHOBeHHe KYJihTa fpHropm~ ApM51HCKOro B HoBropoAe B KOHQe XII-XVI B.

B HOBropOACKOH JIHTepaType UIHpOKO npeACTaBneHo )KJITHe fpHropH51 IlpocBeTHTemi. IlepBbie Ha PycH H3o6pa:lKeHIDI apM51HCKoro CB51Toro n0518-JI51JOTC51 TaK:lKe B Ho8ropoAe (xpaM Cnaca HepeAHQbi noCTpoeH 8 ceHT516pe 1198 r ., pacnHCaH 8 KOHQe xn - HaqaJie Xlll B., QepKOBb <l>eOAOpa CTpa­THJiaTa nocTpoeHa B 1361 r., QepKOBb B qecTb fpHropH51 ApMRHCKoro noCTpoeHa 8 XYTbiHCKOM MOHaCTbipe noA HoBropoAOM B 1445 r.). TpaAIJQHIO HKOHOllHCaHH51 apM51HCKOrO CB51TOrO Ha PycH TaK:lKe MO)KJIO OTHeCTH K Ho8ropOAY H AaTHpoBaTb ee KOHQOM XII- HaqanoM Xlll 8.4

Henb351 yTBep:lKAaTb, qTo He 6biJIO nonbiTOK nponHTb cseT Ha 3TY npo6neMy. K.B. AHBa351H B ABYX 6onbUIHX CTaTb51X npH8en en masse CBeAeHIDI o6 apM51Hax Ha PycH B nepHOA paHHero cpeAHeBeKOBb51, ynoMHHaHHSI o6 " apM51HCKOH Bepe", o6 "apM51HCKOH epecH" H KYJibTe fpHropm~ IIpocBeTHTeng 8 HoBropoAe5. HccneAOBaTeJib npH80AHT p51A B03MO:lKHbiX o6nRCHeHHB: 3ara­AOqHoro <PeHoMeHa noqHTaHIDI fpHropm~ ApM51HCKoro Ha pyccKOM ceBepo­BOCTOKe: 1) BJIIDIHHe BH3aHTHHCKOH QepKOBHOH TpaAHQHH; 2) nepe803 MOIQeH c8. fpHropm~ H3 KoHCTaHTHHononR B HoBropoA; 3) HcnoJib30BaHHe KYJibTa fpHropm~ B 6opb6e c epeTHKaMH6• PaccMoTpHM 803MO:lKHOCTH npeBpa~eHm~ 3THX llOJIO:lKeHHH B HaAe)KJible pa6oqHe rHnOTe3bl.

AKTHBH3aQIDI noqHTaHIDI fpHropm~ IlpocBeTHTeJig B BH3aHTHH C8R3aHa c HMeHeM llaTPHapxa <I>OTIDI (858-867; 877-886), CTpeMHBUierOCR K KOHCOJIH­AaQHH CHJI 80CToqHoxpHCTHaHCKOH QepKBH nepeA JIHQOM 3anaAa. Oli n·biTancg crnaAHTb pa3Hornacm~ Me:lKAY 80CTOqHbiMH xpHCTHaHaMH, A06HBancg YHHH c apMRHCKOH MOHO<l>HCHTCKOH QepKOBbJO. fp~rOpHH - npHMaC apM51HCKOH QepKBH, BeJIHKOMyqeHHK, nonynRpHbiH CpeAH apM51H, CHpHHQeB, KOllTOB, HAeanhHO nOAXOAHJI Ha ponb QeMeHTHPYJOIQero 3BeHa. IlpH MHxaHne Ill (842-867) <l>oTHH OTKpbiBaeT B QepKBH C851TOH TpoHQbi penHK8HH fpHropm~ H CBSITbiX AeB PHnCHMe H faRHe. HM51 fpHropm~ qacTo ynoMHHaeTC51 B nepe­nHCKe <l>oTH51, npH HeM noR8JI5leTC51 rpeqecKa51 Bepcm~ Ara<PaHrena, )KJITHe fpHropm~ BKJIIOqaeTcR B MeHonorHH CHMeoHa MeTa<PpacTa, qTo BeCbMa cno­co6cTBOBano nonyJij{pHOCTH apM51HCKOrO IlpOCBeTHTeJIR B CTpaHaX BH3aHTHH­CKOrO KYJibTypHoro Kpyra. ITo HHHQHaTH8e <l>oTHR cTeHbi c8. Co<PHH KoH­cTaHTHHononbCKOH yKpaUiaJOTC51 <PpecKaMH C H306pa:lKeHH51MH OTQOB QepKBH, npH3BaHHbiMH llOATBepAHTb aBTOpHTeT BOCTOqHOH QepKBH, H fpHrOpHH IlpocBeTHTeJib oKa3biBaeTCSI 8 OAHOM p51AY co CTOnnaMH xpHCTHaHCTBa BacHnHeM BeJIHKHM, fpHropHeM Ha3HaH3HHOM, ,IJ;HOHHCHeM ApeonarHTOM, HHKOJl'aeM MHpnHKHHCKHM. MoiQH fpHropm~ ApM51HCKoro nepeHOCRTCR B Co<PHJ07. JI.M. MeJIHKCeT-BeK, A.,IJ;. EpHQ08 u K.B. AB:Ba351H CqQ:TaJOT, qTo pyccKa51 QepK08b coxpaH51Jia noqQ:TaHHe fpHropm~ IIpocBeTHTeJIR, HCXOAR H3 TPaAHQHH 8peMeHH TaK Ha3biBaeMoro "8ceneHcKoro cornacm~"8• 0AHaKo, ecnH 6hi 3TO 6bmo TaK, TO npe:lKAe Bcero ero KYJibT no518HJICR 6bl 8 KHeBe H 6bm 6bi xapaKTepeH AJIR Bce:B: pyccKo:B: QepK8H, a He TOJibKO AJij{ Ho8ropoACKOH H TOJibKO c KOHQa XII no XVI B. Peqb HAeT, no-8HAHMOMy, He o pyTHHHOM

197

noqHTaHHH O~HOrO H3 CB~ThiX BCeJieHCKOH qepKBH, a 0 BCnnecKe :liCHBOrO

HHTepeca, YHHKaJihHoro ~n~ PycH.

IIpe~nOJIO)I(eHHe, qTo B HoBropo~ 6biJIH npHBe3eHbl MOiqH rpHrop~ IIpo­

CBeTHTeJI~ BMeCTe c MorqaMH <I>eo~opa CTPaTHJiaTa H Bnac~ CesaCTHiicKoro,

~oCTasneHHhiX ,IJ;o6phmeii SI~peiiKOBHqeM s Haqane XIll s.9, He Haxo~HT HH

np~MhiX, HH KOCBeHHhiX no~TBep~eHHH B HCTOqHHKaX. QqeBHAHO, MOiqH

rpHrop~ He noKH~aJIH rnaBHOrO xpaMa BH3aHTHHCKOH HMUepHH . .

H, HaKOHeq, OCHOBHM rHnOTe3a AiiBa3~Ha: KynhT rpHrop~ IIpocBeTH­

TeJI~ COBna~aeT no BpeMeHH C nepBbiM MaCCOBhiM aHTHqepKOBHhiM ~BH)I(e­

HHeM Ha PycH - epeCbiO CTpHrOJihHHKOB, H, no ero MHeHHIO, :3TO He ~BJI~eTC~ cnyqaiiHhiM cosna~eHHeM.

AiiBa3~H Bhi~BHraeT npe~nOJIO)I(eHHe, qTo KYJihT rpHrop~ no~BHJICK Henocpe~CTBeHHo B xo~e 6oph6hi npoTHB epecH CTPHrOJihHHKOB, KOTOp~. no

ero MHeHHIO, cB~3aHa 6Lma c epechiO naBJIHKHaH. B aToM npe~nono)l(emm

npHCyTCTBYIOT AB3 He~OKa3yeMhiX, TOqHee - He~OKa3aHHhiX, AOnyrqeHM.

IIepa.oe - epech cTpHronhHHKOB reHeTHqecKH socxo~HT K naBJIHKHaHcKoii

epecH, BTOpoe - KYJihT rpHrop~ Ap~HCKOro HCnOJih30BaJIC~ KaK op~e B

6opb6e c nasnHKHaHaMH. AHaJIH3 H~eonorHH o6eHx epeceii, npoBe~eHHhiX

Aiisa3~HOM, He oqeHh y6e~aeT, TaK KaK, so-nepBhiX, onHpaeTc~ He Heno­

cpe~CTBeHHO Ha HCTOqHHKH (KaK 6bi MaJI<_> HX HH 6biJIO ), a Ha HCCJie~OBaHM, 6onee scero Ha He caMyiO HOBYIO H He caMyiO nyqrnyiO pa6oTy o naBJIH­

KHaHCKOM ABH)I(eHHH c.r. MenHK-Baxrn~Ha1 0 H Hccne~oBaHHe H.A. Ka-

3aKosoii, DOCB~IqeHHOe CTpHrOJihHHKaM11 ; BO-BTOpbiX, ~a)l(e H T3KOe onocpe­

~OBaHHOe H3JIO)I(eHHe fiOK33hiB3eT, ~0 oqeBH~HM 6JIH30CTh yqeHHH naBJIH­

KHaH, 6orOMHJIOB H CTpHrOJihHHKOB ~eT Ha ypOBHe CXO~CTBa Me~y BceMH

aHTHqepKOBHhiMH cpe~HeBeKOBhiMH epec~MH.

Aiisa3~H npH3HaeT, qTo HeT HHKaKHX ~aHHhiX o npe6hiBaHHH apMKH­

naBJIHKHaH B Hosropo~e, qTo HCTOqHHKH CBH~eTeJihCTByiOT CKOpee B ll0Jih3Y

npHCYTCTBM npasocnaBHhiX apMKH B CeBepo-BoCTo~oii PycH, HO npoxoAHT

MHMO C06CTBeHHhiX apryMeHTOB, YBJieqeHHhiH rroni>ITKOH CB~3aTh KYJihT

rpHrOpM ApMKHCKOro c 6oph6oii rrpoTHB apMKHCKHX H pyccKHX epeTHKOB12.

OH rrpHBO~HT ABa He3HaqHTeJihHhiX yrroMHHaHM o rraBJIHKHaHax B "KopMqeii

XIV Tiny nos 6e3 TOJIKOBaHHii", rrpHHa~Jie)l(aBrneii o~HOMY H3 HOBropo~cKHX apxHenHcKonoB XII-Xill BB., H B "C6opHHKe cnoB, noyqeHHii H anoKpH~t>oB" (KOHeq XII - Haqano xm B.), a TaK)I(e nhiTaeTC~ ~OKa3aTh, qTo BbiUa~hl

rrpOTHB "apMKHCKOH Bepbi" HJIH "apMKHCKOH epecH", COAep)l(arqHeC~ B rraMKT­

HHKaX HOBrOpOACKOH JIHTepaTyphi, BBH~Y HX KpaiiHeH pe3KOCTH H He06oeK­

THBHOCTH, HMeiOT B BHAY He MOHOcpHCHTOB, a 113BJIHKHaH13 , 3a6hiB~, qTo

apryMeHTaqHIO npOTHB "apM~HCKOH Bepbi" pyCCKOe 6orOCJIOBHe B 3HaqH­

TeJibHOH CTeneHH yHaCJieAOBaJIO OT BH3aHTHHCKOrO, KOTOpoe He CTeC~JIOCh B

noneMHKe.

Bo BTopoii rronoBHHe X B. rro~BHJIOCh, HanpHMep, coqHHeHHe HHKOHa

Ka10yqeroc~. rAe Hap~~y c pa36opoM ~eiiCTBHTeJihHhiX pa3HornacHii Me~y apM~HCKOH H rpeqeCKOH qepKBaMH, apMKHCKOH qepKBH npe~o~BJI~eTC~ B

Kpafme pe3Koii cpopMe MHO)I(eCTBO H3AYMaHHhiX o6BHHeHHii14. Aiisa3~H cqH­

TaeT, BIIpoqeM, qTO pyCCKHe 6orOCJIOBhl B CBOHX Hana~KaX Ha apMKHCKOe

yqeHHe, o6p~Ahl H 06bJqaH MOrJIH nyTaTb apM~H-MOHOcpHCHTOB H apMKH­

naBJIHKHaH15. Ho H aTo He rrpe~CTaBn~eTc~ MHe B03MO)I(HhiM, TaK KaK K XII-

198

XIII BB. naBJJHKHaH )'}Ke He 6biJJO HH B ApMeHHH, HH B crpaHax BH3aHTHHCKoro

KYJJbTypHoro Kpyra. 0HH paCTBOpHJJHCb B TOH~paKHTax y ce6.s1 Ha po~HHe,

6oroMHJJax B Eonrapuu, qacTb ux 6e:lKaJJa B Espony, CJJHBIIIHCb c ~BH:lKe­HHeM KaTapOB H aJJb6HrOHQeB. IlyTH 3THX TpaHC<f>OpMHpOBaBIIIHXCSI

apM.siHCKHX epeTHKOB yxo~HJJH, TaKHM o6pa30M, COBepiiieHHO B ~pyroM HanpaBJJeHHH. IlonbiTKa CB.si3aTb no.siBJJeHne KYJJbTa apM.siHCKoro CB.siToro c

3aAaqaMH 6opb6bJ npoTHB apMXHCKHX epeTHKOB B Bn3aHTHH H npoBeCTH

aHanornJO c co6bJTH.siMH Ha Pycu He BbirJJ.si~HT y6e~HTeJJbHOH He TOJJbKO

noTOMY, qTo ucropuqecKHe aHaJJorHH, TeM 6onee npu BpeMeHHoM pa3pbiBe B

HecKOJJbKO BeKOB (IX B. B BH3aHTHH H KOHeQ XII-XIII B. ua PycH), BcerAa

COMHHTeJJbHbl, HO e)Qe H llOTOMY, qTO cf>OTHH, KaK 6biJJO llOKa3aHO BbJIIIe,

npecJJe~OBaJJ HHbJe QeJJH, peiiiHTeJJbHO BBOA.sJ: apM.siHCKOrO CBXTOrO B naHTeOH

BHAHeHIIIHx CTOJJllOB BOCTOquoro xpHCTHaHCTBa. Ho CaMbJM OCHOBHbiM apry­

MeHTOM, onpoBepraJOJQHM CB.sl3b KYJJbTa rpuropH.si (KaK, BnpoqeM, H JJJ06o­

ro HHOrO CBHTOrO) C epeTHKaMH, .siBJJ.sieTC.si, llO-BH~HMOMy, npOCTOe Hano­

MHHaHHe 0 TOM, qTo HKOHOrpa<f>H.si xpaMOB HHKOHM o6pa30M . He MOrJJa

llOBJJHXTb Ha epeTHKOB, npe~CTaBHTeJJeH aHTHQepKOBHbiX BepoyqeHHH,

llOCKOJJbKY OHH OTpHQaJJH xpaMbl H, CJJe~OBaTeJJbHO, He llOCeJQaJJH H He

CTpOHJJH HX.

O~HaKO BllOJJHe B03MO:lKHO HHOe 06'b.siCHeHue: KYJJhT rpuropH.si ApM.siHC- .

KOrO AOJJ)KeH 6biJJ llOMep:lKaTb 60pQOB 3a npaBOCJJaBHe, MOryJQHX aKTHBHO

BbiCTynHTb npoTHB "epeTHKOB apM.siH". BcnoMHHM KpacHopeqnBoe noCJJaHue

HHKOHa qepHoropQa K OTQY repacHMY B HepycaJJHM (XI B.) 16• H3 3TOro

o6CTO.SITeJJbHOrO llOCJJaHHX BbiXCH.sieTC.si, ~0 apM.siHe-xaJJKftAOHHTbl Bbl3bJBaJJH

HapeKaHH.si CO CTOpOHbl eAHHOBepQeB COXpaHeHHeM Tpa~HQHH, 06bJqaeB,

KYJJbTYPbi, a rnaBHbiM o6pa30M coxpaHeHHeM po~Horo .si3bJKa B 6orocJJ)'}Ke­

HHH. He TOJJbKO crpeMJJeHHe K yHH<f>HKaQHH <f>opM penuruo3Hm':f KYJJbTypb1 17,

HO H npe:lK~e BCero CTpax nepe~ B03MO:lKHbiM npOHHKHOBeHHeM MOHO<f>H­

CHTCKHX TeHAeHQHH B cpe~y apM.siH-XaJJKH~OHHTOB 3aCTaBJJHJJH e~HHOBepQeB :lKeJJaTb, qT06bl OHH BeJJH QepKOBHyJO CJJ)'}K6y Ha rpeqecKOM HJJH rpy3HHCKOM

X3bJKax. HHKOH B 3aJQHTY ux BCnOMHHaeT, qTo eJQe npu CaBBe OcBxJQeHHOM

(VI B.) H cf>eOAOCHH apM.siHaM pa3peiiiaJJOCb BeCTH 6orOCJJ)'}KeHHe Ha po~HOM

X3bJKe H TOJJbKO TpHCB.siTYJO neCHb OHH neJJH Ha rpeqecKOM H3-3a

npu6aBJJeHH.si "H:lKe pacnHbiHCH 3a Hbi", TaK KaK. 3TO ~o6aBJJeHHe coxpaHXJJH

MOHO<f>HCHTbi18•

B 6uorpa<f>HH CB. CaBBbi paccKa3bJBaeTcx, ~o apM.siHe, HBHBIIIHecH K HeMY,

llOJJyqHJJH pa3peiiieHHe COBepmaTb QepKOBHYJO CJJ)'}K6y Ha apM.siHCKOM H3b1Ke.

A B THllHKe CB. CaBBbi YKa3aHo, qTo MOHaxu MoryT qHTaTh AnocTOJJ H CB.

EBaurenue "Ha ux po~HOM H3biKe"19.

HHKOH qepHoropeQ, no~TBep:lK~aH no~JJHHHoe npaBocnaBHe 3THX apM.siH,

yKa3bJBaeT Ha HX llOJJe3HYJO ~eHTeJJbHOCTb B KaqeCTBe llOJJeMHCTOB. "H

~OAHecb OTQbi Hamu u naTpnapxu 6epyT ux c 6oroM Ha 6opb6y c Bpara­

MH, KOrAa Ha co6ope B036y:lK~aeTCH 'JTO-JJH60 npOTHB epeTHKOB-apM.siH,

TaK KaK OHH CBe~yJQH B HX H3bJKe H llHCaHH.siX. H HeAaBHO e)Qe npH 6JJa­

:lKeHHbiX llaTPHapxax B Harne BpeM.si CJJyqHJJOCb, KaK HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX B

BeCbMa MaJJOM KOJJHqeCTBe He ~aJJH OTHIO~b epeTHKaM (apM.siHaM) H CJJOBO

HCllYCTHTb HJJH .sl3b1KOM IIIeBeJJbHYTb, XOnl epeTHKOB-apM.siH H 6biJJO BeCbMa

MHoro"20.

199

B AOKyMeHTax MOHaCTbip.ll 3cqmrMeHa ecTb aKT OT 1037 r. nryMeHa MOH3CTbip.11 H npoTa A<PoHa <l>eOKTHCTa, apM.IIHHH3-X3JIKHAOHHTa, KOTOpbiH noAapnn ceoeMy "AYXOBHOMY 6paTy" MOHaxy HnKH<!>opy HMeHne CennHa ua A<PoHe B B03HarpiDJ<AeHHe 3a TPHAU:aTHIIIeCTnneTHIOIO MHCCHOHepcKyro Ae.II­TeJibHOCTb B <PeMe XapcnaHa21 . ApM.RHe-xanKHAOHBThi eenn aKTHBHYIO MHC­cnoHepcKyro Ae.RTeJibHOCTb B BH33HTHHCKHX npoBHHo;H.IIX H caMOM KoHCTaH­THHonone, Ha liaJIKaHax H B Manoii A3HB, B ApMeHHB H rpy3HH, H, MO)!{eT 6biTb, Ha Pycn. ,IJ;peeHepyccKHe noneMH'IecKHe c6opHHKH CBHAeTeJibCTBYIOT o6 aKTyanbHOCTH 6opb6bi c "apM.RHCKHM!' eeponcnoeeAaHHeM. B cnncKe cepeAHHbi XVII B. noMetu;eHbi ll.IITb CTaTeii npoTHB "apM.RHCKoii epecn", B ABYX H3 HHX HAeT pe'lb 0 DOCTe, ycTaHOBJieHHOM apM.IIHCKOH o;epKOBbiO "apaqa­BOpKe", T.e. pe'lb HAeT He 0 ll3BJIHKH3Hax, a 0 MOHO<!>HCHTaX. B C3MOM H3'13Jie CT3TbH "06 apM.IIHCKOH epecn" yKa3aHo: "Cnepaa apM.IIHe [6biJIH) C H3MH o6oeAHHeHbi a npaaocnaaHoii aepe AO CB.IIToro 'leTaepToro aceneHcKoro co6opa" 22. 51cHo, 'ITO "epecbro" AJI.II pyccKHX npaaocnaBHbiX, KaK n AJI.II HHKoHa qepHoropu;a, 6biJIO aeponcnoBeAaHHe, npHH.IITOe apM.RHCKOH MOHO­<PncHTCKOH u;epKOBbiO. PyKoDHCb XVI a. COAep)!{HT "KnnpnaHa, cMnpeHHoro MHTpononnTa KneacKoro H ace.11 Pycn, OTBeT A<PaHacnro, aonpocnaiiieMy o HeKOTOpbiX noTPe6HbiX Aenax", rAe TaK)!{e HAeT pe'lh o6 "apM.RHCKOH epecn". KHnpHaH B 1380 r . 6biJI MOCKOBCKHM MHTPODOJIHTOM, a B 1382 r. nepeexaJI B Knee. B Kneae y)!{e Ha py6e)!{e XI-XII BB. cytu;eCTaosana OAHa H3 Apee­HeiiiiiHX apM.IIHCKHX KOJIOHHH23, KYA3, O'leBHAHO, BXOAHJIH H MOHO<!>HCHTbl, H XaJIKHAOHHTbl.

B Kneao-IleqepcKOM naTepnKe, ao BTopoM nocnaHHH "qepHopn3u;a" IleqepcKoro MOH3CTbip.11 IlOJIHKapna K apXHM3HAPHTY AxirnAHHY paccKa3bi­BaeTC.II o6 HCKYCHOM apaqe-apM.IIHHHe "poAOM H aeporo". Bpaq-apMRHHH npOTHBODOCT3BJieH "6Jia)!{eHHOMY AraDHTy", KOTOpbiH HaAeJieH BCeMH xpHCTHaHCKHMH A06poAeTeJIRMH. PaccKa3 3aaepiiiaeTcR nonHbiM pacKaRHHeM "HHOBepHOrO H He'leCTHBOrO apM.IIHBHa", OTK333BIIIerOC.II OT apM.IIHCKOH Bepbi H nepeiiieAIIIero B JIOHO pyccKOH npaBOCJiaBHOH qepKBH: "If DOCTPHrC.II 3TOT apM.IIHHH B IleqepCKOM MOH3CTbipe H TYT KOH'IHJI )!{H3Hb CBOIO B A06pOM HCDOBeA3HHB"24.

JI.A. OraHeCRH C'IHTaeT HCTopnqecKH HeTO'IHbiM <PaKTOM To, 'ITO apM.RHHH "poAOM H eeporo" a XII a. oKa3aJicR He xpHCTHaHHHOM H yeepoaan a XpnCTa JIHIIIb nocne Toro, KaK npoHHKCR aeporo a CBRToro ArannTa25. K.H. rpn­ropbRH, noneMH3Hpy.R c 3THM YTBep~eHBeM, OTMe'laeT, 'ITO He TOJibKO a XII­xm, HO H 3H3'1HTeJibHO ll03)!{e, B XVII B., apM.IIH '13CTO H B JieTODHC.IIX, H B o<Pnu:naJihHbiX AOKYMeHTax Ha3hiBaiOT "HHoaepu;aMn"26.

B KOHo;e Xffi B. B H3JIO)KeHHH 06.1133TeJibHbiX YCJIOBHH npH H36paHBH enHC­KODa yKa3biBanoch: "He no3BOMTh a caoeii enapxnn npaaocnaBHbiM BCTynaTb B 6paKH, KYMHTbC.II H 6paTaThCR c apM.RHaMH H naTHHaMH". B nocnaHHH )!{e MHTponoJIHTa KnnpnaHa K nryMeHy A<PaHacnro (1390-1405) coAep)!{HTCR HHBeKTHBa no aApecy "apMeHcKoii epecn"27. MHe npeACTaBJIReTCR, 'ITO ApeaHepyccKHii aBTOp paccKa3a o apaqe-apM.RHHHe 6bm xopoiiio ocseAOMJieH 0 TOM, 'ITO cytu;eCTBYIOT apM.RHe "pOAOM H Beporo" H apM.RHe TOJibKO "pOAOM", KOTOpbiX B cpe]:lHeBeKOBbiX HCTO'IHHK3X '13CTO 0603H3'13JIH 3THOHHM3MH TeX HapOAOB, OT o;epKBH KOTOpbiX OHH BOCDpHH.IIJIH KOH<!>eCCHI028. TaK, KH.II3.11 ra6pH3Jia (raapHHJia), npaaHTeJI.II MeJIHTHHbl B KOHU:e XI B., MnxaHJI Cnpneu:

200

Ha3biBaeT rpeKOM, aHOHHMHrul CHpHifcKrul XpOHHKa - XaJIKHAOHHTOM, a fHHOM TupcKHH nHUieT, 'ITO fa6pH3JI 6bm "rpeKOM no BepoHcnoBeAaHmo", HO apMHHHHOM "no nJieMeHH, H3biKY H 06bi'IRHM"29. 3TO KJiaCCH'IeCKaH <j>opMynupoBKa AJIH onpeAeJieHHH apMHHHHa-xoJIKHAOHHTa, qacTo ynoTpe6mmUiaHCH H B rpeqeCKHX, H B apMHHCKHX HCTO'IHHKaX, MaTTeoc YpxaeQH nHUieT o cl>HJiapeTe BpaxaMHH (Bapa)I<HYHH): "OH Ha'laJI BOHHY c BepyiOIQHMH BO XpHCTa, nOTOMY 'ITO OH 6biJI HeBepHbiH XpHCTHaHHH, ero He npH3HaBaJI [CBOHM] HH apMHHHH, HH poMeH, [TaK KaK], no 06bi'IaiO H Bepe OH 6biJI pOMeeM, a no OTQY H MaTepH apMHHHHOM"30.

B npHDHCKe AcceMaHHeBoro eBaHreJIHH (rnaroJIHQeH: B KOHQe X - Ha'laJie XI B. H3 MaKeAOHHH)31 ynoMHHaeTCH fpHropHH: IIpocBeTHTeJib- "cBHIQeHHO­MY~IeHHK BeJIHKou ApMeHHH", H pHAOM c :non npHnHcKoH: noMeiQeHa npHnHcKa, OOAep)KaJQrur HMH HoaHHa BorocnoBa, 'ITO CBHAeTeJibCTByeT o Bbi­coKoM aBTOpHTeTe fpHropHH IIpocBeTHTeJIH B CJiaBHHCKOU QepKBH. r.B. A6-rapHH, HCCJieAOBaBUIHU apMHHCKOe "CKa3aHHe 0 fiopHce H fne6e", OTMe'laeT, 'ITO H3o6pa)KeHHe fpuropHH IIpocBeTHTeJIH 6hiJIO noMeiQeHo Ha CTeHe XpaMa Cnaca Ha HepeAHQe B HoBropoAe, KOTopoe 6hiJIO 3aKOH'IeHo nocTpouKou B 1198 r. HMeHHO B TOT MeCHQ CeHTH6pb, KOTOpblU OTMe'leH B npHllHCKe AcceMaHneBoro eBaHreJIHH. A6rapHH C'IHTaeT, 'ITO B XII-XIII BB., KOrAa pacnHCbiBaJICH xpaM Ha HepeAHQe, C03AaBanacb apMHHCKrur BepcHH "CKa3aHHH o Bopuce H fne6e". HccneAOBaTeJib npHBOAHT . H PHA Apyrux <j>aKTOB, yKa3biBaiOIQHX Ha 06IQHOCTb B3rJIHAOB apMHHCKUX H pyCCKUX AeHTeJieu KYJibTYPbi H KHU)KHOCTH B KOHQe XII- Ha'lane XIII B., H Aa)Ke AenaeT BbiBOA o APY)KeCTBeHHbiX OTHOUieHHHX Me~y pyccKou H apMHHCKOH QepKBaMH B 3TOT nepHOA BpeMeHu32.

HTaK, c OAHOu CTOpOHbi, pe3Koe HenpHHTHe "apMHHCKOH Bepbi" pyccKHMH 6orOCJIOBaMH H KHU)KHHKaMU, a C Apyrou- "Ap~eCTBeHHbie OTHOUieHHH" - H TO H Apyroe nOATBep)KAaeTCH <j>aKTaMH. 3TO npOTHBOpe'IHe MO)KeT 6biTb pa3peUieHo, ecnu Mbi yqTeM, 'ITO cyiQeCTBOBaJio ABe apMHHCKHe QepKBH -MOHO<j>HCHTCKaH H XaJIKHAOHHTCKaH H KO BTOpOH npaBOCJiaBHbie pyCCKHe BnOJIHe MOrJIH HCnbiTbiBaTb "Ap~eCTBeHHbie" 'IYBCTBa. B.H. Jla3apeB OTMe­qaeT cypoBOCTb <j>pecKoBou )KHBOnHcu HepeAHQbi, 3CxaTonorH'IecKoe COAep­)KaHue pocnHceu, OTJIH'IaiOIQHXCH OT Tpe3BOrO AYXa HOBropOACKOH peJIHrH-03HOCTH. PHA HCKYCCTBOBeAOB npeAnonaraeT BJIHHHHe apMHHCKoro H rppHHc­Koro ucKyccTBa Ha 3TH pocnucu33. B Ha'laJie BeKa A.,I:J;. EpHQOB H3BJieK BblllHCKH H3 "HKOHOnHCHbiX nOAJIUHHHKOB" HOBrOpOACKOU peAaKQHH KOHQa XVI B., CBUAeTeJihCTBYIOIQHX o coxpaHeHuu pyccKoH TPaAHQUORHou HKOHo­nHCbiO o6H3aTeJibHbiX HOpM H3o6pa)KeHHH fpuropHH IIpocBeTHTeJIH. B 3THX npaBHJiaX rOBOpHTCH 0 ero BHeUIHeM o6JIHKe: " ... IJHUieTCH TaKO: llOA06HeM BacHJIHH KecapHHCKHH; 6paAa nocBeTJiee Bacrui:beBbi, c npoceAbiO; pH3a CBH­THTeJibCKrur 6oropOAU'Ih, B OMO<j>ope, HCllOAb npa3eJieHb AbiM'IaT, naTpaXHJib Boxpa 6neA; snacbi o6poCJibiH; cyx H qepeH"34.

HcCJieAOBaTeJIH OTMe'laiOT, 'ITO C06JIIOAaH npaBHJia HKOHOnHCaHHH, perJia­MeHTHpyiOIQHe qepTbl BHeUIHero 06JIHKa CBHTOrO, HKOHOnHCQbl H306pa)KaJIH apMHHCKOrO npOCBeTHTeJIH B BOCTO'IHOM TUne, HHCKOJibKO He rpeUia HH npOTHB HaQHOHaJibHbiX npeAaHHH apMHH, HH npOTHB Tpe60BaHHH HCTOpH­qecKOH TO'IHOCTH35.

H3o6pa)KeHHe fpHropHH HaXOAHTCH B anTapHOH a6CHAe, rAe oH 3aHHMaeT

201

MeCTO KpaiiHero crrpaBa B "oTe'leCKOM" pR~y. CBRTO:ii o6na'leH B cpenoHh,

qepe3 rrnequ rrepe6pomeH OMo<f>op c KpecTaMH, ronoBa OTKphiTa, rrpaBoii

pyKoii OH 6naroCJIOBJIReT ~BYMR rrepCTaMH rrepe~ rpy~hiO, a B neBoii ~ep>KHT KHHry. <I>Hrypa MOJAHlUl, KOpeHaCTaR H 60JihUierOJIOBaR, rrporrop~ YKOpO­

'IeHbJ36. HeKOTopLie uccne~oBaTeJIH rronaraiOT, 'ITO aTo H3o6pax<:eHHe rpHro­

pHR rroBTOpReT BH3aHTHHCKHe o6pa3Qhi (Mo3aHKa B CB. CocpHH IX B.,

MHHHaTIOpa B MeHonorHH BacHJIHR II (X B.), M03aHKa B Xocuoc JlyKac B

<I>OKH~e (XI B.), pOCilHCh B qepKBH IlaHarHH (XI B.)37 , ~pyrne C6JIIDKaiOT ero C

H3o6pa>KeHHRMH CBRToro B apMRHCKllX H rpy3HHCKHX xpaMax38. CoBepmeHHo

O'leBH~HO TOJihKO TO, 'ITO cpopMa KpeCTa Ha OMOcpope rpuropHR B BhiUie­

yrroMRHYThiX BH3aHTHHCKHX HCTO'IHHKaX - 3TO pOBHhie UIHpOKHe IlOJIOChl, a

KpeCThl OMOcpopa rpuropHR xpaMa Hepe~HQhl paBHOKOHe'IHhie c pacmHpR­

IO~MHCR OT QeHTPa BeTBRMH. 3TOT THil KpeCTa 6hiJI UIHpOKO pacrrpOCTpaHeH

B ApMeHHH c V-VI BB., H TO'IHO TaKHe >Ke KpecThi Ha6niO~aiOTCR B

H306pa>KeHHH rpuropHR IlpocBeTHTeJIR Ha CKeBpCKOM peJIHKBapHH 1293 r :;

BhiilOJIHeHHOM no 3aKa3y HaCTORTeJIR MOHaCThipR CKeBpa B KHJIHKHH

KoHcTaHTHHa B rraMRTh o rroru6mux 3a~HTHHKax KperrocTH PoMKJia39. B

H306pax<:eHHRX ~pyrHX CBRThiX, paCilOJIO>KeHHhiX pR~OM C rpHrOpHeM B a6c~e Hepe~HQhi, <f>opMa Kpecra- pOBHhie UIHpOKHe JIHHHH. JI.M. MenHKceT-EeK

CBR3biBaeT H306pax<:eHHe rpHrOpHR B pyCCKOM XpaMe C era H306pax<:eHHRMH B

xaJIKH~OHHTCKHX xpaMax ApMeHHH H rpy3HH (ATeHH, EeTaHH, AxTaJia,

,[J;aBH~-rape~>Ka, CaMTBHcu)40 .

. Cpe~H CBRThiX ~eB B ~HaKOHHHKe rrpe~CTaBJieHa <f>urypa BeJIHKOMy'leHH­

Qhi PHilCHMe H rrpOCBeTHTeJibHHQhl rpy3HH CB. · HHHo. E~e A.M. y crreHCKHH

OTMe'laJI cBoeo6pa3HhiH rro~6op CBRThiX B Crrace Hepe~HQhi, HO, HaCKOJihKO

MHe H3BeCTHO, IlOilhiTOK 06'bRCHHTh 3TO He rrpe~rrpHHHMaJIOCh, 3a HCKJil<)­

'leHHeM 6aHaJihHhiX paccy>K~eHHH 0 BHHMaHHH K apMRHCKHM CBRThiM,

BOCXO~R~eM K BpeMeHaM BCeJieHCKOrO COrJiaCHR qepKBeH. B 3TH paCCY>K­

~eHHR, rrpaB~a, He O'leHh BrrHChiBaeTcR noRBJieHHe H3o6pax<:eHHR cB. HHHo,

rrocKOJihKY HaQHOHaJihHaR rpy3HHCKaR KOHQerrqHR o6 o6pa~eHHH CTPaHhi

B XpHCTHaHCTBO OKOH'IaTeJihHO ccpopMHpOBaJiaCh TOJihKO K 60-70-M ro~aM XB.41

TaKOe CO'IeTaHHe CBRThiX B HKOHOrpacpuqecKOH nporpaMMe xapaKTepHO

~JIR apMRHo-xaJIKH~OHHTCKHX xpaMOB (AxTana, qepKOBh TurpaHa 0HeHQa B

AHH). B cpe~e apMRH-XaJIKH~OHHTOB KYJih'r rpuropHR ApMRHCKoro, O~HO­

BpeMeHHO H HaQHOHaJihHhiH H npaBOCJiaBHhiH, npuo6peJI oco6y10 3Ha'lliMOCTh.

A .M. JIH~OB C'IHTaeT, 'ITO crreqHaJihHhiM Bhi~eJieHHeM o6pa3a rpuropHR

IlpOCBeTHTeJIR COCTaBHTeJIH rrporpaMMbi aJITapHOH pOCilHCH AxTaJihi CTpeMH­

JIHCh IlO~qepKHYTh Hepa3phiBHYJO CBR3h apMRH-XaJIKH~OHHTOB C HaQHOHaJih­

HOH KYJILTYPHOH Tpa~HQHeii, yKa3aTh Ha H3Ha'laJihHOe e~HHCTBO H npaBo­

cnaBHe apMRHCKOH qepKBH. B aJITapHoii arrcu~e qepKBH TurpaHa 0HeHQa B

AHH, IlOCBR~eHHOH rpuropHIO IIpocBeTliTeJIIO, cpe~H CBRTHTeJieH rrpe~CTaB­JieHhl He TOJihKO rpuropHH ApMRHCKHH, HO H ~Ba era ChiHa ApuCTaKec H

BpTaHec, rrocne~oBaTeJihHO cMeHRBUIHX OTQa. Ha enucKoncKOM npeCTone

ApMeHun42.

CocraBHTeJIH HKOHorpacpuqecKoii rrporpaMMhi AxTaJihi ~eMOHCTpHpOBaJIH

He TOJihKO ~peBHHe H~QHOHaJihHhie TPa~HQHH apMRHCKoii xanKH~OHHTCKOH qepKBH, HO H TeCHYJO CBR3h C rpy3HHCKOH MOHaUieCKOH TPa~HQHeH H B QeJIOM

202

c rpy3HHCKOH u:epKOBhiO. ApM11He-xaJIKB):(OHHThi H3):(aBHa MOHarneCTBOBaJIH

BMeCTe C rpy3HHaMH, OHH 06Jia):(aJIH onpe):(eJieHHOH aBTOHOMHeH H, B 'IaCT­

HOCTH, npaBOM CJiy>KHTb JIHTyprmo Ha apMJIHCKOM H3hJKe43. YHHKaJihHbiH pH):(

H3 rneCTH H306paJKeHHH HaH60Jiee nO'IHTaeMbiX npen0):(06HbiX rpy3HHCKOH

u:epKBH BOnJIO~aJI B pocnHCH AxTaJihl TeMy "apM11HO-rpy3HHCKOH o6~HOCTH" . Ty JKe TeMy pacKpbiBaeT H apMJ~Ho-xaJIKH):(OHHTCKaH pocnHcb u:epKBH TurpaHa

OHeHu:a B AHH, r):(e K KOMn03HU:HH, CHMBOJIH'lecKH npe):(CTaBJIHIO~eH: '~YAO OCHOBaHHH rpy3HHCKOH u:epKBH, COTBOpeHHOe npOCBeTHTeJibHHU:eH rpy3HH

CB. HHHO, BnJIOTHYIO npHMbiKaeT JKHTHHHaH CU:eHa "BH):(eHHe CB. rpuropHH",

KOTOpaH, B CBOIO O'Iepe):(b, H306paJKaeT 'IY):(O OCHOBaHHH apM11HCKOH u:epKBH.

HKOHOrpa<l>H'leCKHMB cpe):(CTBaMH nO):('IepKHyTa CHMBOJIH'leCKaH 06IIJ:HOCTb

):(BYX BH):(eHHH. ~Ba qy~a OCHOBaHHH rpy3HHCKOH H apMHHCKOH u:epKBeH

npe):(CTaiOT B apMJIHO-XaJIKB):(OHHTCKOH HKOHOrpa<!>H'leCKOH nporpaMMe KaK

Hepa3pbiBHO CBH3aHHble MeQy co6oH: co6hiTHH44• Oco6ag pOJib rpuropHH

ApM11HCKoro KaK npocBeTHTeJIH He TOJihKO ApMeHHH, HO H Bcero KaBKa3a,

H3):(aBHa npH3HaHHaH Ha KaBKa3e, npuo6pena oco6yro 3Ha'IHMOCTh B cpe):(e

apM11H-XaJIKB):(OHHTOB45.

KoMn03HU:HH c H3o6paJKeHHeM cB. HHHO, He H3BecTHbie B rpy3HHCKHX

pocnucgx XI-XIII BB., B03MOJKHO, cym:ecTBOBaJIH B apMHHo-xaJIKH):IOHHTCKOH

pocnucu KupaHu:a. HcKJIIO'IHTeJibHhiH HHTepec K cB. HHHO B apMHHO-xaJIKH­

):IOHHTCKOH cpe):le onpe):leJieH He TOJibKO 3Ha'leHHeM :nOH CBHTOH ):IJIH HCTOpHH

rpy3HH, HO H nereH):IOH 0 COTPY):IHH'leCTBe CB. HHHo c rpuropHeM ApMHHCKHM.

JlereH):(a cJIOJKHJiacb B ApMeHHH K VI B. H H3JIOJKeHa B "HCTopuu" MoBceca

XopeHaiJ:H.

JlH):IOB cnpaBe):(JIHBO nonaraeT, 'ITO HKOHorpa<t>uqecKaH nporpaMMa poc­

nHCH AxTaJihl HBJIHeTCH U:eHHeHlliHM HCTOpH'IeCKHM HCTO'IHHKOM, CnOC06HbiM

3aMeHHTb He ):IOllie):llliHe ):(0 HalliHX ):IHeH nOJIHTH'leCKHe H 6orOCJIOBCKHe

TpaKTaTbl. 0Ha BOnJIOTHJia OC060e MHpOB033peHHe apMHH-XaJIKH):IOHHTOB, B

OCHOBe K(>Toporo JieJKaJia nocJie):IOBaTeJibHaH OpHeHTaU:HH Ha BH3aHTHIO H

rpy3HIO npH coxpaHeHHH Hepa3pbiBHbiX CBH3eH C HaU:HOHaJibHOH apMHHCKOH

cpe):(oH46.

B pocnHCH xpaMa Cnaca Hepe):IHU:hl He TOJibKO B306paJKeHHe CB. rpuropHH

H cB. HHHo HanoMBHaiOT pocnHcH apMHHo-xanKH):IOHHTCKHX xpaMoB. PH):I oco-

6eHHOCTeH: HKOHorpa<t>uqecKoH nporpaMMhi: H3o6paJKeHHe XpHCTa B o6pa3e

6enoro, KaK JIYHb, CTapqa "BeTXOrO ):leHbMB", KOTOpbiH CHMBOJIH3HpOBaJI Be~I­

HOCTb BToporo nuu:a TpOHIJ:bi, H3o6paJKeHHe B Kynone XpHCTa IlaHTOKpaTopa

(a He ero Bo3HeceHHH), BHHMaHHe K BeTX03aBeTHhiM nepcoHaJKaM, U:HKJI

EoroMaTepu H cu:eHbi CTpawHoro cy):la - cxo):IHhi c HKOHorpa<t>u~IeCKOH nporpaMMoH AxTaJihi, a TaKJKe c nporpaMMoH u:epKBH <l>eo):lopa CTpaTHJiaTa B

HoBropo):(e47, r):(e nOHBHJIOCb BTOpoe no BpeMeHH H306paJKeHHe rpuropHH

IlpocBeTHTeJIH.

B XyThiHCKOM MOHaCTbipe Ha npaBOM 6epery Bonxosa, no-BH):(HMoMy,

6biJIH nOCTpOeHhl ):IBe u:epKBH BO HMJI rpuropHH flpOCBeTHTeJIH: nepBaH - B

1445 r., BTOpaH- B 1535-1536 rr. Ilocne):IHAA B XVII B. 6bma nepeCTpoeHa, H

ee H3o6paJKeHHe coxpaHHJIOCh B aJih6oMe nYTewecTBeHHHKa XVII B. A):laMa

OneapHH H Ha HKOHe "BH):IeHHe XyThiHCKoro noHoMapH TapacHH", HaXO):IH­

IIJ:eiicH B HoBropo):ICKOM Mpee. Cy):IH no 3THM H3o6paJKeHHHM, XyThiHCKaH

u:epKOBh 6hma u:eHTPB'leCKHM CTOJinoo6pa3HhiM coopyJKemieM: Xannax'lhHH

203

OTMeqaeT .IIBHO npoCJie)KHBafO~YfOC.II B AaHHOM coopy)KeHHH aJIJif03HfO Ha

3sapTHOI.\ (XpaM DA.II~Hx CHJI), nocTpoeHHhiH B KOHI.\e VII B. apM.IIHCKHM

KaTOJIHKOCOM HepcecoM III CTpOHTeJieM, npHsep)KeHI.\eM xaJIKHAOHHTCTBa.

3sapTHOI.\, HMeBIIIHH 1.\eHTPHqecKH-BbiCOTHYfO pOTOHA006pa3HYIO KOHCTpyK-

1.\HfO, 6hiJI IIOCB.IIIIJ;eH rpHrOpHIO fipocBeTHTeJif048.

11 BHOBb, TaKHM o6pa30M, Mbl CTaJIKHBaeTC.II C B03MO)KHOCTbfO cy~eCT­

BOBaHH.II B HosropoAe apM.IIHo-xaJIKHAOHHTCKOH o6~HHhi. llpaoocnaBHbie

1.\epKBH He MOrJIH npHBJieKaTb apM.IIH-MOHO<l>HCHTOB, a 1.\epKBH B qeCTb

rpHropH.II ApM.IIHCKoro He MOrJIH 6biTb paccqHTaHbl TOJibKO Ha pyccKyfO

nacroy.

HaM H3BeCTHO, qTo B 3anaAHOH H IO)KHOH PycH, B KHeBCKOM H raJIHI.\KO­

BoJibiHCKOM KH.II)KeCTBe c XI-XII BB. cym;ecTBOBaJIH apM.IIHCKHe KOJIOHHH,

B OCHOBHOM MOHo<PHcHTCKHe. B KHese, Jlyl\Ke, JlhBOBe, KaMeHel\ llOAOJih­

CKOM H APYrHx ropoAaX 6hiJIH nocTpoeHhi apM.IIHCKHe 1.\epKBH. ApM.~~:­He, )KHBIIJHe B 3THX KOJIOHH.IIX, KpOMe npaBa Ha CTpOHTeJihCTBO 1.\epKBeH,

HMeJIH npaso Ha caMoynpasneHHe H cyA, 3aHHMaJIHCh Toprosneu, peMecna­

MH, ceJibCKHM X03.11HCTBOM, cJiy)KHJIH B ool'lcKe49 . A o Ceoepo-BocTo~I­HOH PycH, no-BHAHMoMy, )KHJIH npasocnaBHhie apM.~~:He. 113secTHO, qTo

apM.~~:He yqacTBOBaJIH B B03BeAeHHH xpaMOB so BnaAHMHpo-Cy3AaJibc­

KOM KH.II)Kecroe . BMecre c TeM yqacrHe HHOBepl\eB B cTpOHTeJibCTBe KYJih­

T OBhiX coopy)KeHHH 3anpem;anocb so scex cpeAHeBeKOBhiX penHrH.IIX. Cne­AOBaTeJibHO, MacTepa, yqacToosasnme B CTpOHTeJihCTBe xpaMOB Cesepo­

BocToqHon PycH, 6hiJIH apM.~~:HaMH-xanKHAOHHTaMH. BepoHcnoBeAHall

o6~HOCTb ll03BOJI.IIJia apM.IIHaM CTPOHTb xpaMhl BMeCTe C pyccKHMH MaCTe­

paMH.

lloMHMO KOcBeHHhiX AaHHhiX o npHCYTCTBHH apM.IIH B Ceoepo-BocToqHoii

PycH (rpa<P<PHTH, TOIIOHHMbi)50 cy~eCTByeT H apryMeHT ex silentio, AOCTa­

TO~IHO y6eAHTeJihHbiH B OTJIHqHe OT apryMeHTOB TaKOro pOAa. ApM.IIHe­

xaJIKHAOHHTbl 06bJq~o He BhiAeJI.IIJIHCb H3 npaBOCJiaBHOH naCTBbl HX eAH­

HOBepl\aMH. rpeqecKHe H rpy3HHCKHe HCTOqHHKH HMeHOBaJIH HX "rpeKaMH"

( poMe.IIMH) HJIH " rpy3HHaMH", Aa H apM.IIHCKHe cpeAHeneKOBhie aBTOpbi

OTKa3biBaJIHCb npH3HaBaTh 3a npHH.IIBIIIHMH XaJIKHAOHHTCTBO OT rpeqecKOH

HJIH rpy3HHCKOH 1.\epKBeH apM.IIHaMH apM.IIHCKOe npOHCX0)KAeHHe51. 3Ta

TpaAHI.\Hll, npHIIIeAIIIall H3 ApMeHHH H BH3aHTHH, oqeBHAHO, 6oma yHacne­

AOBaHHOH pyccKHMH KHH)KHHKaMH. Bo BC.IIKOM CJiyqae, OHH Ha3hiBafOT

1.\apeBHY AHHY H3 MaKeAOHCKOH AHHaCTHH "rpeKbiH.II", apM.IIHCKa.ll )Ke 1.\epKOBh

Ha 6epery BonrH HMeHyeTc.ll "rpeqecKoif nanaTou".

A.IT. CMHpHOB cqHTaeT, qTo 1.\eHTPOM apM.IIHCKOH KOJIOHHH, B03HHKrneif B

ropoAe Eonrapbi e~e AO 3noxH MOHrOJihCKoro 3aBoesaHH.II, .IIBJI.IIJiaCb 'Tpe­

qecKall naJiaTa", HaXOAHBIIIa.IIC.II Ha 3aiiaAe OT ropOAHIIJ;a H npeACTaBJI.IIfO~all pa3BaJIHHhi xpHCTHaHCKOH 1.\epKBH. K 3TOMY )Ke speMeHH OH OTHOCHT H p.IIA

apM.IIHCKHX HaArp06HH 784, 770 H 757 rr. apM.IIHCKOrO JieTOHCqHcJieHH.II

(XIV B. H .3.)52 . HaH6onee paHHHM naM.IITHHKOM, CBHAeTeJibCTBYIO~HM o npe-

6 hiBaHHH apM.IIH B Eonrapax CMHpHOB nonaraeT MOrHJihHYIO IIJIHTY 1121 r oAa,

o 6Hapy)KeHHYIO y rpeqecKOH naJiaThl , 3a npeAeJiaMH ropOAH~a53 . CMHpHOB

y cT aHaBJIHBaeT, qTo a BOJI)KCKHX 6ynrapax Hap.~~:Ay c apM.IIHaMH- ToprOBhiMH

Ji fOAhMH 6biJIH H apM.IIHe-peM e CJieHHHKH, MaCTepa, CTpOHTeJIH, K aMeHO­

TeCbl.

204

BoiDKCKHH nyrh BXOAHJI a TY MarnCTpaJib, KOTopasi coeAHIDma 3aKaaKa3be c Ceaepo-Bocro'IHOH PycbiO H HMeHoaanacb "apMHHCKOH AOporoH:", oHa uma OT HpaHa K IO)I{){biM 6eperaM KacnuiicKoro MOpR 'Iepe3 ceaepo-aoCTO'IHhie rpaHH~bl rpy3HH H An6aHHIO K YCTbiO BonrH H AaJiee qepe3 BynrapcKoe ~apcTBO. C Bonroii HoaropoA 6hm CBR3aH HeCKOJibKHMH uyTHMH: CeJIHrepCKHH, MCTHHCKHH, JiaAOrO-BOJI:lKCKHH, BbiTerpo-rneKCHHHCKHH"54. 3Ta AOpOra , o~IeBHAHO, CTaJia oco6eHHO aKTyaJibHOH, KOrAa nyTb "u3 aapRr B rpeKH" (oT BanTHHCKoro MOpR 'Iepe3 HoaropoA, CMoJieHcK, Kuea BHH3 no ,[J:Henpy K qepHOMY MOpiO) 6biJI 3a6JIOKHpOBaH HarneCTBHeM CeJibA)KYKOB, a n03AHee MOHrOJIOB.

PyccKHii neTonuceQ IIoaeCTH apeMeHHbiX neT 3HaeT, 'ITO 51<PeTy AOCTaJIHCb ApMeHHH BeJIHKaH H ManaH, "Konxuc" H "AJibBaHHR", T.e. rpy3HH H An6aHHH55. )J:aBHOCTb He TOJibKO BOeHHbiX, HO H TOprOBbiX nyTeH, CBH3bi­BaiOuzyiX Ceaepo-Bocro'IHYIO Pycb c 3aKaBKa3heM, noATBep)I{AaeTCH apxeono­r H'IeCKHMH CBHAeTeJibCTBaMH. PaccMoTpea 3TH AaHHhie, H.A. Op6enH, pe30H­HO 3aMe'IaeT: "He 6yAeM )Ke Mhl 06'hRCHRTb 6paK IOHOH rpy3HHCKOH ~apH~hl C cy3AaJihCKHM KHR)KH'IeM CJiy'IaHHOCTbiO, Bbi3BaHHOH <PaHTa3HeH OAHOrO H3 'IJieHOB BbiCOKoro co6paHHR 3HaTHeHlliHX <PeoAaJIOB rppuu"56. 3MHp KapTJIH A6y-n-AcaH peKOMeHAOBan 3TOMY co6paHHIO "chiHa pyccKoro anaAeTeJIR AHApeR, aeJIHKoro QapR, KOTopoMy nOA'IHHRIOTCR TpHcTa ~apeD: TaMOlliHHX MeCT, OCHpOTearnero B IOHOM B03pacTe, H3rHaHHOrO ero AHAeH CaaaJITOM (BceBOJIOAOM BOJihlliOe rHe3AO) H BbiH~eHHOro OCTaBHTh POAHYIO CTpaHy H 6e)KaTh K KHn'IaKCKOMY Qapw a ropoA CaHHA)K (CBHH)K)". )l(eHHBlliHCh a 1185 r. Ha QapHQe TaMap, IOpuU: Boronw6cKHii ao rnaae rpy3HHCKoro aoiicKa, B KOTOpoe BJIHJIHCh H ero "pyCbi", COBeplliHJI nOXOA Ha Kapc, 3p3epyM, raHA)Ky, IIapTaB H IllupaaH. Pe3yJibTaTOM ero noXOAOB 6biJIO OCB060)I{AeHHe

· JJ:auHa57. IIpu ABOpe ~apH~hi TaMap pHA aa)I{Heiirnux rrocToa 3aHHMaJIH apMHHe-XaJIKHAOHHTbl (HaaH3 3axapHA, HarrpHMep, - CHa'IaJia yrrpaBJIRIO~HH ABOpQOM, a nOTOM aTa6er- BbiClliHH THTYJI npH rppHHCKOM ABOpe). 3MHp KapTJIH, Aenaarnuii AOKJiaA o IOpuH KaK KaHAHAaTe a )KeHHXH rpy3HHCKOH QapH~bi , 6biJI apMRHHHOM-xanKHAOHHTOM H3 poAa ApQpyHH. B Ka'IeCTBe 3MHpa ·oH nOAAep)KHBaJI ToproBhie CBH3H c Ceaepo-BocTO'IHOH PychiO, a KOrAa B pe3yJihTaTe ero nOJIHTHKH COCTORJICR 6paK TaMap C pyccKHM KHR3eM, OH rrocrpoun a T6HJIHCH xpaM a 'IeCTb IOpHR, rrocaR~eHHhiH AHApew IIepao-3BaHHoMy, H3BeCTHbiH KaK reoprHeBCKaH, HoaHHO-BorOCJIOBCKaH ~epKOBb HJIH JiypA)K-MOHacTepu. Ero AeKop, no MHeHHIO HCKyccTBOBeAOB, 6JIH30K K OpHaMeHTaJihHhiM MOTHBaM nopTaJIOB C06opa PO)I{AeCTBeHCKOrO MOHaCTblpH ao BnaAHMHpe58.

IOpuU: AHApeeau'I ynoMHHYT a ABYX apMHHCKHX HaAIIHCHx H3 CaHaHHCKoro MOHaCTblpR (1185 H 1191 rr. )59 . K 3TOMY nepHOAY OTHOCHTCR H nHCbMO MOHaxa Toro )Ke MOHaCTblpH rpuropa TyTeOpAH K KHJIHKHHCKOMy KaTOJIH­Kocy rpuropHIO IV 0TpoKy. rpurop TyTeOpAH npeAJIO)KHJI KaTOJIHKocy B 6opb6e C BH3aHTHHCKOH ~epKOBbiO onepeTbCR Ha nOAAep)I{Ky <l>paHKOB, CHpHHQeB H pyccKOH ~epKau60 . C.T. EpeMRH C'IHTaeT, 'ITO B nOJIOBe~KHX CTenHX, rpaHH~Ia~HX C ceaepHOH rpy3HeH, CyiiJeCTBOBaJIH apMHHCKHe TOpro­Bbie <PaKTOpHH. B npHnHcKe apMHHCKOH pyKonHcH yKa3aHo, ~rTo oHa KynneHa B 1193 r. B CTpaHe "JJ:ernTH KHn'IaKe"61, OAHOM H3 nyHKTOB Ha TOprOBOM nyTH Me)KAY ApMeHHeH H rpy3HeH H Ceaepo-BocTO'IHOH Pycb!O. A pMHHO-XaJI-

205

KHAOHHTCKHe KOnOHHH B rpy3HH npHHHManH AeXTenhHOe yqacTHe B 3TOH

ToproBne.

KaK ynoMHHanoch Bhiiiie, apMXHe, )KHBIIIHe B 3anaAHOH H IO)I{}{OH PycH, - B

OCHOBHOM MOHO<l>HCHThi, TaM CTpOHnHCh apMXHCKHe ~epKBH H yqpe:x<AanHCh

eiTHcKonaThi, nOABnaCTHhie 3qMHaA3HHCKOMY KaTonHKocy. ABO BnaAHMHpO­

Cy3AanhCKOM KHX)I{eCTBe, TaK )l{e KaK H B HoBropoAe, HeT apMXHCKHX

~epKBeH H TeM 6onee apMXHCKHX CBX~eHHHKOB H enHCKOITOB, HeT AaHHbiX 0

BepOHCITOBeAHOH npHHaAne)I{HOCTH nepecenHBIIIHXCX CIOAa apMXH, OAHaKO,

ecnH yqeCTh, qTo apMXHe, <l>YHK~HOHHpOBaBUIHe BO BnaAHMHpo-Cy3AanhCKOM

KHX)I{eCTBe H B HoBropoAe, CTpoHnH H pacnHChiBanH npaBocnaBHbie xpaMbi,

TO OHH MOrnH 6biTh TOnbKO apMXHaMH-XanKHAOHHTaMH.

B npaBocnaBHhiX - rpeqecKoil, 6onrapcKoil, cep6cKoil, rpy3HHCKoil H,

oqeBHAHO, pyCCKOH ~epKBaX npaBOCnaBHhie apMXHe ITOnh30BanHCb paBHbi­

MH npaBaMH C eAHHOBep~aMH H Aa)l{e HHOrAa He HMeHOBanHCb apMXHaMH.

ApMXH.e-xanKHAOHHThi - 3TO rpynna, BhiAen-HBIIIaxcx B cHny KOH<l>eccHo­

HanbHOH H KynhTypHOH TpaHc<l>opMa~HH H3 apMXHCKOrO 3THOCa H ChirpaBUiax

cepbe3HYIO ponh B HCTOpHH CTpaH BH3aHTHHCKOrO KynhTYPHOrO Kpyra.

BocnpHHMqHBOCTb apMXH-xanKHAOHHTOB K pa3nH~hiM KY!fhTYPHhiM BnHX­

HHeM H HX "HHAYKTOpHaSI." ponh CBSI.3aHbl C 6onee IIIHpOKHM, He)l{enH y

HX COOTeqeCTBeHHHKOB-MOHO<l>HCHTOB, Kpyrq30pOM, o6ycm;mneHHhiM BhiXO­

AOM Ha KOH<l>ecCHOHanhHO 6nH3KHe HM CTpaHhl BOCTOqHOrO npaBOCnaB­

HOrO MHpa. IIIHpOTa BOCllpHSI.THX CTaHOBHTCSI. 3aTeM <PaKTOpOM KynhTyp­

HOrO pa3BHTHX H KynhTypHOrO BnHXHHX 3TOH rpynnhl. 0HH B onpeAeneH­

HOH CTeneHH npeABOCXHTHnH COBpeMeHHbiH 3KyMeHH3M, llOMep)KHBax HAeiO

c6nH)I{eHHX H 06neAHHeHHSI. XpHCTHaHCKHX KOH<l>eCCHH, B npo~ecce ocy~e­

CTBneHHSI. KOTOpOH OHH MOrnH 6hi OKa3aThCSI. B ponH He3aMeHHMbiX

nocpeAHHKOB.

IlO)I{anyif, HHKTO ceJiqac He COMHeBaeTCSI. HH B MHOronnaHOBOCTH, HH B

qacToTe KOHTaKTOB .IJ.peBHeii PycH H ApMeHHH KaK npHMbiX, TaK H ono­

cpeAOBaHHhiX qepe3 BH3aHTHIO H AHacnophi: apMXHCKYIO H ApeBHepyccKyro

(IloBOn)l{be, KpbiM, EonrapHX).

CBH3H ApMeHHH c PychiO B XI-XIV BB. 6hmH MHororpaHHhiMH: o6-

~eCTBeHHo-nonHTuqecKHe, penHrH03Hbie, 3KOHOMHqeCKHe, HH<l>OpMa~HOH­Hhie, 3THOKynhTYPHhie. KoMnneKcHoe H3yqeHHe apMHHo-pyccKHX CBSI.3eii B

X-XIV BB. B03MO)I{H0 TOnhKO Ha OCHOBaHHH BCeH MaCChi HCTOqHHKOB, HOBOrO

npoqTeHHX y)l{e H3BeCTHbiX H BBeAeHHSI. B 060pOT HOBhiX AaHHbiX •

.SJ.P . .IJ.aiiiKeBHq cnpaBeAnHBO OTMeqaeT, qTO oqeHh Mano H3yqeHbl BOnpOChl

o6~eCTBeHHo-nonHTHqecKHX cs:sl3eil .IJ.peBHeii PycH H ApMeHHH, TpaHc<l>opMH­

poBaBIIIHXCSI. B ycnOBHSI.X Hcqe3HOBeHHSI. apMSI.HCKOH rocyAapCTBeHHOCTH B

KOHTaKTbl KOH<l>eCCHOHanhHOrO xapaKTepa62•

H, A06aBniO x, OHH He MoryT 6hiTb H3yqeHhi YAOBneTBOpHTenhHbiM o6pa-

30M AO TeX nop, llOKa apMXHe paCCMaTpHBaiOTCSI. KaK KOH<l>eCCHOHanhHOe H

KynhTypHoe eAHHCTBO. HanHque B cpeAe apMXHCKoro 3THoca 3HaqHTenbHOH

xanKHAOHHTCKOH o6~HHbi H ee aKTHBHOCTb B BH3aHTHH H CTpaHax BH3aH­

THHCKoro KynhTypHOrO Kpyra- npo6neMa, K KOTOpOH Mbl eABa llOAOIIInH, H ee

H3yqeHHe MO)I{eT He TOnhKO nponHTb onpeAeneHHhiH CBeT Ha BOllpOCbl

apMXHCKOH KOnOHH3a~HH, HO H 3allO~HHTh HeKOTOpbie naKYHbl HappaTHBHbiX

HCTOqHHKOB.

206

'/ 'i/9 JlaaapeB B .H . CKynbnT}'pa Bnall;HMHpO-Cy3,11aJtbcKOH Pycu II Jicropull pyccKoro ucKyccrsa. M., 1955. T. I. C. 396-441.

1 Xa11nax~bJlH O .X. KyJibT}'pHbie CBli3H Bna,IIHMHpo-Cy3AaJtbCKOH Pycu u ApMeHHH. M., 1977. \ C. 13-14; CM. TaJOKe: JleJieKOB Jl.A . JiCKYCCTBO }l;peBHeH Pycu B ero CBll3liX C BOCTOKOM II

}l;peBHepyccKoe HCKYCCTBO. M., 1973. C. 55-80. 3 Op6e11u 11.A . An(iaucKue penbe!J>bi u 6poH30Bbie KOTJibi II l'l36p. TPYAbi. Epesau, 1963.

c. 360. 3) .L --~..<... ,.)4 AUBQ3JIH K .B . KynbT rpuropHll ApMeHCKOro, "apMeHcKall Bepa" H "apMeHCKall epecb" B

Hosropo~~;e (XIII-XVI BB.) II PyccKall u apMl!HcKall cpe,IIHeBeKOBbie nurepaTypbi.JI., 1982. ~C. 255-272 u cne,11. •

A~H . . pesuepyccKHe HCTO'IHHKH nepHO,IIa KHeBCKOH Pycu (XI-XII BB.) 0 rpuropHH llpOCBeTHTeJie, "apMeHCKOH sepe" H "apMeHCKOH epecu" II nHTepaTypHbJe CBli3H. EpeBaH, 1981. T. III. c. 5-82; On xe. KyJibT rpuropHll ApMeHCKoro ... c. 255-332. CM. yKa3aHHYIO

- JIHTeparypy 0 pyccKO-apMl!HCKHX HCTOpH'IeCKHX H KYJibT}'pHbiX CBll3liX (C. 256-257 H CJie,ll.).

\ 6 AUBQ3JIH K.B. KyJibT rpHrOpHll ApMeHCKOro ... c. 271-333. 7 Ter-Nersessian S. Les portraits de Gregoire I'Illuminateur dans l'art Byzantin II Byzantion. 1966. y T. 36; fasc. 2. Bruxelles, 1967. P. 388.

AuBa311H K .B . }l;peBHepyccKBe HCTO'IHHKB .•. C. 92. 9 AUBQ3JIH K .B . KyJibT rpuropHll ApMeHCKOro ... c. 259-272.

10 MeAuK-Baxuum c.r. llaBJJHKBaucKoe ll;BIDKeHBe B ApMeuuu. Epesau, 1955. XoTll cyll\eCTByeT COJIH,IIHO <I>YHAHpOBaHHal! pa6oTa H.r. rapcol!H (The Paulician Heresy. A Study of the Origin and Development of Paulicianism in Armenia and the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine Empire. Hague; Paris, 1967), a HCTO'IHBKH nepeBe,lleHbi P.M. BapTBKliHOM (BapmuKRH P.M . Jicroq­HHKH ,IIJIII H3y'leHHll HCTOpHH naBJIHKHaHCKOro ll;BIDKeHHll. EpeBaH, 1961).

ll KaaaKOBQ H.A .• Jlypbe H. C. AHTH!J>eOAaJibHbJe epeTH'IeCKHe ABHJKeHHll Ha Pycu xrv - Ha'laJia

'-/ XVI B. M.; JI., 1955. C. 35-55 u cne,11. LL .- . ..-<. ~ _ C(?v;-a._v.f) :~. AUBQ3JIH K.B. KyJibT rpuropHll ApMeHCKOro .•. c. 306-309. cr ::rt~ }U v &e?.. L 10&'.

TaM lKe. C. 309-317. p }t . .9t --? · 14 TpouqKuu 11. li3JIOlKeHHe uepbi apMl!HcKoit CTI6., 1875. C. 248. 15 AuBQ3JIH K.B. KyJibT rpuropHll ApMeHCKOro ... c. 328. 16 Mapp H.H. ApKayu, MOHrOJibCKOe Ha3Bauue xpucruau B CBli3H c BOnpocoM o6 apMl!Hax-

XaJIKH,IIOHHTax II BB. CTI6., 1905. T. XII. llpHJI. C. 33-36. 17 B 3TOH 06JiaCTB BOCTO'IHal!l(epKOBb 6biJia ropa3,110 repnBMee 3aJta,IIHOH. l8 Mapp H .H . YKa3. CO'I. C. 35. 19 TaM lKe; MypaiJRH n. Heony6JIHKOBaHHal! CTaTbll H • .SI. Mappa o6 "ApKayue" II li3B. AKa,lleMHH

uayK ApMCCP. 0611\eCTB. uayKH. 1964. N! 12. C. 51-52; J(M.umpueBcKuu A. TiyrerneCTBHe no BocroKy u ero uay'IHbie pe3yJibTaTbi. KHeB, 1890. llpun. II. C. 181.

20 Mapp H .H. YKa3. CO'I. C. 36. rc:;_2- Actes d'Esphigmenou I Ed. diplolllatique par J. Lefort. P., 1973. P. 45. ~2!);1iB. Coq,nACKal! PYKOllBCb N! 1245. JI. 229. .

23 Mnax~bJIH O.X. KyJibT}'PHbie CBII3H Bna,~~BMHJ>o-Cy3,11aJtbCKoA Pycu u ApMeHHH. C. 10-11. ~ 24 KHeBo-lle'lepcKBA narepHK no ApeBHHM pyKonuciiM. KueB, 1870. C. 88-93.

) 25 OzanecRH Jl.A . JicropHII MeABI(HHbl B ApMeHHH c ,llpeBueAIIIHx BpeMeH u ,110 uarnux AHeA. -;. EpeBaH, 1946. 'I. II. C. 68.

l rpuzopbRH K .H. Ji3 HCTOpHH pyccKo-apMIIHCKHX JIHTepaT}'pHbiX H KYJibT}'PHbiX OTHOIIIeHHH (X- Ha'l. XX B.). EpeBau, 1974. C. 24-25.

Zl-'faliH!te.-G.-25. 8 ApymKJHOBa-tz;uiJaHRwB.A. ApMIIHe-xanKH,IIOHHTbi ua BOCTO'IHbiX rpaHul(ax Bu3aHTulicKoA

HMDepHH (XI B.). Epeaau, 1980. C. 57-75. 29 KaxiJan A.ll. ApMJIHe B COCTaue rocnoACTBYIOU\ero KJiacca Bo3auTHlicKoli HMnepuu. EpeBaH,

1975. c. 129-130. 30 Mammeoc Ypxae14u. Xpouorpa!J>HII. BanaprnanaT, 1898. C. 206.

' 31 Codex Vaticanus. 3. Slavicus glagoliticus.

v 32 A6zapRH r.B. K npo6JieMe npe,llnonaraeMOli rpe'leCKOit aepCBH "CKa3aHHII 0 Bopuce H rne6e" II PyccK811 u apMl!HcKal! cpe,IIHeaeKOBbie JIBTepaT}'Pbi. C. 247-248·.

207

V 33 JlaaapeB B.H. licKyCCTBo HosropoAa. M.; JI., 1947. C. 36.

1; 34 EpuqoB A.P.. nepsoHa'laJihHoe 3HaKOMCTBO apMIIH c cesepo-BOCTO'IHOii PychiO AO BOJ.IapeHHll

AOMa PoMaHOBbJX B 1613 r.// KaBKa3CKHH BeCTHHK. 1901. N!! 12. C. 50, 51. V 35 tpuzopbRH K.H. 113 HCTOpHu ... C. 20. i ' 36 KaKOBKUH A .H. 06 H306paJKeHHH fpuropHll npocBeTirrenll Ha penHKBapHH 1293 r. II BeCTH.

061J.1eCTB. HayK AH ApMCCP. 197 I. N!! II. C. 84. \ 37 Ter-Nersessian S. Les portraits de Grigoire ..• P. 386--395. \1 38 Me.tluKcem-BeK JI.M. fpy3HHcKHe HCTO'IHHKH o6 ApMeHHH u apMliHax. EpesaH, 1936. C. 260. ( 39 Ter-Nersessian S. La reliquire de Skevra et l'orfevrerie cilicienne aux xm• et XIV• siecles II Revue

. des etudes arrneniennes. P., 1964. T . I. P. 121-134, 143-147; KaKOBKUH A.H. YKa3. CO'!. c. 84-88.

\ 40 MeAuKcem-BeKJI.M. 06 apMliHo-rpy3HHo-naTHHo-pyccKOH sepcHllx roMunHii, cBll3biBaeMbJX c V IIMeHeM HoaHHa Eorocnosa II BB. M., 1960. T. XVII. C. 72.

41 MypaORH JJ.M. KaBKaJCKHH KynbT}'PHbiH MHp H KynbT fpuropHll npocBeTHTenll II KaBKa3 H I Bu3aHTHll. EpeBaH, 1982. Bbm. 3. C. 19.

\. ~ Lidov A. The mural paintings of Akhtala M., 1991. P. 39. ~ ~- J--b ( 43 Apym/OHOBa-t/JuoaHRH B.A . YKa3. co'!. C. 76. /

'Cc--! 44 Lidov A. Op. cit. P. 75. 45 Mypai>RH JJ.M. KasKa3cKHii KynbTYJ'HbJH MHp ... C. 9-20. ~A. Op. cit. P. 76.

47 0 npOToeBaHrenbCKOM J.IHKne B BH3aHTHHCKHX H ApeBHepyccKHX naMliTHHKaX CM.: JlaaapeB B.H. JiCTOpHll BH33HTHHCKOii lKHBOnHCH. M., 1986. C. 93 H cneA. r ,.-

( 48 XaAnax'lbRH O.X. ApMliHo-pyccKHe KynbrypHbJe OTHOWeHHll H ux OTPaJKeHue B apxHTeKrype. EpesaH, 1957. C. 17-18. HccneAOBaTenb nonaraeT, 'ITO 3TOT THn xpaMa (3sapTHOQ), HaWeAWHii WHpOKOe pacnpOCTP3HeHHe B ApMeHHH H fpy3HH, 3HaMeHOBan HOBbiH 3Tan H B pyccKOH a XHTeK"rype (TaM JKe).

Ai1Ba3RH K.B. KynhT fpuropull ApMeHcKoro .. . C . 305-306. 50 TaM JKe. C. 306--308. 51 Apym/OHOBa-t/JuoaHRH B.A . YKa3. co'l. C . 60--61. 52 CMupHOB A .II. BonJKCKHe 6ynrapbl// Tp. roc. HCTOp. MyJell. M.,. 1951 . Bbm. XIX. c . 59-QO. 53 TaM JKe. C. 143 54 Pbt6u~~a EA . Apxeonoru'!ecKHe oqepKH HCTOpHH HOBropOACKOii roprosnu. M., 1978. C. 23. 55 nCPJI. Cll6., 1846. T. I. C. 2. 56 Op6eJiu l1.A. YKa3. co'!. C . 360. 57 KapTnHC Uxospe6a. cn6., 1850. 'I. I , Bbln. 2. fpy3. TeKCT I liJA. Epocce. c. 284-285; 0'1epKH

- HCTOpHH CCCP. IX-XIII BB. M., 1958. c. 573. 58 XMnax'lbRH O.X. KynbTYJ'HbJe CBliJH BnaAHMHpo-Cy3A3nbcKoii Pycu H ApMeHHH. C. 34. 59 EpeMRH C. T. IOpHii Eoron106cKHii no apMliHCKHM u rpyJHHCKHM HCTO'IHHKaM II Tp. EpesaHcK.

roc. yH-Ta. 1946. T . 23. · 60 P.awKeBU'l H.P. ApeBHllll Pycb u ApMeHHll B 061J.1eCTBeHHo-nonHTH'IeCKHX CBll3liX XI- XIII BB.

(liCTO'IHHKH, uccneAOBaHHll, TeMbl) II nr. 1982 r. M., 1984. c. 180-18 I. 61 EpeMRH C.T. YKa3. co'!. C. 392-393. 62 P.awKeBU'l H.P. YKa3. CO'!. C. 194. CM. TaM JKe o63op HCTO'IHHKOB H nocBl!IJ.IeHHOii HM nHTe­

parypbl (C. 179-182 H cneA.) .

CIII1COK COKPAII(EHI1H

AE

BB

BAH BH.!J.

n-1s

.ur JJ.Uf )I(MI-IIl KCHA

- ApxeorpacjJwleCKHil e>KeroAHHK

- BuJaunllicKIIi'l upeMeHHHK

- BecrHIIK ApeuHeil ucropuu

- BcnoMoraTeJJbHble ucropwleCKHe AHCL\HnJJHHbl

- rocy)1apcr8eHHall Hal\IIOH3Jlbllall 6116JJIIOTeKa (npe>K)1e: rns liM. M.E. CaJJTbiK08a-

lll,e)1p1H1a)

- .IJ.pc8Hei'lwue rocy11apcr8a Ha TeppHTOp1111 CCCP. MaTepHaJJbl 11 ucCJJeA083HHll

- .!J.yxoBHble "AOf080pHble rpaMOTbl uemiKIIX 11 yAeJJbHbiX KHliJelt XIV- XVI 88.

- )l(ypH3J1 MIIHIICTepcrua Hap0/1HOf0 npOC8ell.\eHHll

- KpaTKHe coo611.\e11Hll HHCTIITyTa apxeoJJorHII

KCHHMK - KpaTKHe co0611.\eHHll HncTuTyTa unop1111 Man:pH<tJILIIOit KYJJbTYPbl

MHA - MaTepuaJJbl 11 HCCJJe)1o8aHHll no apxeoJJonnl CCCP

1-m11 111311 llCPJl

PrBHA

PHG

C A

C B

C K. c6.

T O.IJ.Pll

- HonropoAcKall nepuall JJeTonHcb cTapwero 11 MJJa)1wero H380/10B

- llo8eCTb upeMeHHbiX JJeT

- lloJJHoe co6paHue pyccKHX JJeTonHceil

- POCCIIHCKIII"I rocyAapcr8eHHbiH BOeHUO-IICTOp11'1eCKHH apx~m

- PyccKall HCTOpl!'lecKall 6u6mloTeKa

- Co8eTcKall apxeoJJOn!ll

- Cpe11H11e 8eKa

- CKaHAlmaucKnil c6opm1K

- TpyAbl 0TAeJJa ApeuHepyccKOH JJI!TepaTypbl HHCTHTyTa pyccKort Jli!Tepnypbl

(llywKIIIICKI!It ADM) AKaAeMHH HayK CCCP

CO ,IJ;EP)J(AHI1E

OT peAKonnernn...... .. .. .......................... ................................................. .. ................................. 3

Coepo11oo M .B .

06pa3oBaHne )J.peBHepyccKoro rocyAapCTBa (11cropnorpaQ>nqecKHe JaMeTKn) ..............•. 6

MellbHUKoea EA . K TRnonor HH npel\fOCYI\3pCTBeHHbiX H paHHerocyAapCTBeHHblX o6pa30B3HHii B CeBep-HOU n CeBepo-BocroqHoii EBpone (lloCTaHOBKa npo6neMLI) ......................................... .. ... 16

Kom11JJp H .C/>.

0 COJ.IH3nbHOii cy~HOCTH )J.peBHepyccKoro rocyAapCTBa IX - nepBoii nonoBRHbl X B....... 33

TopcKuii A.A .

KpnBnqn n nonoqaHe s IX-X ss. (BonpocbJ nonHTH'JecKoii ncropHH) .................... ............ SO

C/>o.MuHA .B .

Jl.peBuepyccKne AeHelKHO-MOHeTHbJe pblHKH B 70-80-x ro11ax X B. ...................................... 63

K y 'IKUH B.A .

"PyccKall 3eMnll" no neronncHLIM AaHHbiM XI - nepBoii TpeTH XIII s............................... ... 74

BeO/OutKUHa H.B.

"Pycb" H "PyccKaJJ 3eMmt" B lloseCTH BpeMeHHbiX neT H neTOnHCHbiX CT3TbllX BTopOii TPeTn XII - nepsoii TPeTH XIII B. ............... .. ................ .. ............ ...................... .. ......... ... .. ....... I 0 I

llempyxuH B .H.

CnaBIIHe, uap11rn n xa3apbl Ha w re PycH. K npo6neMe q>opMuposaHRII TeppuTopnn JJ.pesuepyccKoro rocyAapcrsa ........ ...................... .. ...... ......... ... ............................. . ........•. ... .. ... 117

Hmm BJT.

K sonpocy o 11are cocrasneun11 o63opa "A ce HMeHa rpaAOM nceM pyccKbiM, 11anuHM 11 6nHlKilHM" ............................... ....... .........•...................•..................... ...................... ....•.. ............ 125

KUJIUHUHQ T .M .

T epMRH "nJOAR AOMa" ("axn an-6aAT") y 116H <l>311naHa no OTUOU!CHHJO i< o6tQecroy

pycoo ······ ···· ·· ······ ·····:····· ··························································· ·· ·································· ········ ······ 134

KoHOoU/Ioea H.T.

Paccxa3 o TPeX rpynnax pycoo o coqnueHHIIX apa6cKRX aoropoB XII-XIV BB. .. .. ........ ....... 139

J1o6poOoMoo H .r .

K oonpocy o "cepe6p11HbJX 6ynrapax" ..........•..•........................•....... .............. ......................... 149

HaaapeHKO A .B.

E 11.1e pa3 o AaTe noeJAKH KHilrHHH OnLrn B KoHCTBHTRHononb: ucroqHuxouew•ecxne 3aMeTKH..... ... ... ... ................................. ........................... ................................................ .. .......... 154

218

nepXalfiW IJ.I j,

JleTOn11CIIbli1 flcpCHCJi iiiiCI\ 1111 ) ~YIIaC.. ......... .. . ............................ ... .. .. . . .... . .. . . ... ......... .. . .. . .. .. . ... 168

11113/IIWIIII l U I .

PyccKO-JI<l'ITf\Ji hCK IIC KOIITiiK'I'hl B X II- X III oo. o cseTe r eHeaJJorHH KHS!Jei"l EpcHKe 11 K OKIICCC .. ... ... .. ... .................. ................. .... ... ...... .... ............... ................. ....... .. ............... .... ........ 182

Apy1111111101111- <1>111)1111111t 11.11 .

flpaooCJJallllbiC apMH IIC 11 'cocpo-13ocTO'lHOI1 Pyc11 ............................ .. ...... .................. .. ...... 196

6 H6JII10rpacl>•u• pa6 T, o ny6JIIIKOBaunbiX COTPYIIHI1KaMH OT/ICJJa HC.'TOplm /lpesuei1w 11 X rocy11apCTo illll cTuTyTa pocculkKOi'II1CTOpHH PAH o 1990- 199 1 r r ................ ... ................ .. 209

C nHCOK coKpa11WII 11 i1 ............ ..... .................. .. .... ... ... .. .. .. ... .. ... ..... .... ... .... ... ....... .. .................. .... .. 217

Ha}"'HOe Hlllanue

)J.PEBHEtllliHE fOCY)J.APCfBA BOCfOYHOH EBPOnbi

MaTepuanbi 11 IIccneiiODaHHH 1992-1993 rojlbi

Ymaep)I{Oeuo "ne•~amu /1ucnwmymoM poccuikKoiiucmopuu r AH

3aBCIIYIOU(aH pejlaKL\IICH "l-IayKa-HcTopull" 1-I.Jl. n eTpooa

Pe11aKTOP 113/laTenbCTDa C.A . Jleouua XYIIOlKeCTBeHHbiH pejlaKTOp B./0. HKOOAea TexHH'IecKHH pellaKTOp 11.H. JK.MyJ>Klii«J KoppeKTopbi fiJI. To11y6tjoaa, 3.)1,. AileKceeaa

HE N9 994 Jl.P. Ng 020297 OT 27 IIOS16pS1 1991 r.

C11a11o B ua6op 31.08.94 nojlnHcaHO K ne'laTif 13.12.94.

<l>opMaT 60x90 1/16· rapmiTypa TaiiMC. n c•!aTl.o ocjJCCTIIaSI Ycn.ne'l.n. 14. Ycn.Kp.oTT. 14,3. Y'l.-111/l.n. 15 ,6 T11paJK 1300 3K3. Tun. laK. 32 /-(>

113/laTenbCTDO "1-IayKa" 117864 rcn-7, MocKDa 8-485 npocfJCOIOlllaSI yn. , 90

CanKT-TieTep6yprcKaH THnorpac!Jnll No I PAH 199034 CanKT-neTep6ypr 8-34, 9-SI nuuull, 12