Focus on Writing How to Identify a Good Writing The Writing Process:Pre-Writing The Writing...
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Transcript of Focus on Writing How to Identify a Good Writing The Writing Process:Pre-Writing The Writing...
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Focus on Writing How to Identify a Good Writing
The Writing Process:Pre-Writing The Writing Process:Drafting and
Editing Designing Controlled and Guided
Writing Tasks Designing Free Writing Tasks
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ObjectivesUnderstand the featuresImportance of purposeSet up situationsDesign guided writing tasksUnderstand the process Set up different stages
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Warm-up
Writing-a tool in teaching all language skills
Writing- may be a goal in itself.Writing has its practical value and
can be used as stimulus in motivating students to learn the language
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Task 1 Comparing Two Pieces of Writing
1. Select two pieces of writing about the same topic. One piece should be a good one, the other should be an awkward one.
2. Design some questions to get the students to thinks about the two texts and give their comments.
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Task 2 Identifying the Features of Good Writing
1.Layout: spacing, indention, handwriting or typeface should comply with convention.
2.Language:accurate spelling, right grammar, punctuating meaningfully, a range of vocabulary and an appropriate choice of words, a wide range of sentence structures.
3.Content: clear and convincing ideas with coherent fashion.
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Task 3 Forming a Text from Scrambled Sentences
An example: the process of making jiaozi
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Task 4 Focusing on Cohesive Devices
1. Relationship between or within sentences. (and, also, however, etc.)
2. Grammatical devices that establish links to form the cohesion of a text. (it, this, the, here, that, etc.)
3. Repetition of key words or synonymous words.
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Pre-Writing
Definition: Pre-writing is a very important stage of the whole writing process. Activities at this stage may include deciding on the purpose, the audience, the contents, and the general outline.
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Task 1 Developing a Sense of Purpose and a Sense of
AudienceWho are you writing for?
Are you writing for yourself, your friends, teachers, or someone you
don’t know?
Are you writing for an individual person, organization?
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Task 2 Generating IdeasExploring possible content and
planning outlinesGathering information through questions and answers, group discussion, or brainstorming
Using a spider map
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Task 3 Organizing Ideas
An example: work on the topic The Purposes of Writing in English
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The Writing Process: Drafting and Editing
Drafting is the start. Editing is the revision and finalizing
of the composition.
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Task 1 Focusing Informatio
Reason: writers need to find a focus, organize the main points and then elaborate on them in detail.
• Narrow down a topic.• Find a problem to solve.
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Task 2 DraftingCaution: Good writers tend to
concentrate on getting the content right first and leave the details like correcting spelling, punctuation, and grammar until later.
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Task 3 Revising ChecklistPut your writing away for some time.• Read it over. • Outline the ideas and arguments. • Examine the argumentation quality.• Read and ask questions.• Check for misspelling, punctuation
and grammar errors.
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Task 4 Editing
The importance of editing: the most important activity of the post-writing stage and its purposes are to check for accuracy, provide feedback to a piece of writing for further improvement, and make the final version.
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Useful guidances
Independent Pair-work editingWriting in group
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Designing Controlled and Guided Writing Tasks
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Task 1 Controlled Writing by Combining
1. Describing a process2. Reordering words3. Reordering sentences or
paragraphs4. Listening and reordering
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Task 2 Controlled Writing by Substitution
Direct imitation: present a model and provide the new words, sentences,
paragraphs, etc.Contrastive imitation: new items
provided by the substitutions must be something different from the original.
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Examples:
• Substitution of words and phrases in sentences
• Substitution of sentences in paragraphs
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Task 3 Guided Writing by Completion
1. Completion by matching2. Completion by multiple-choice
questions (test, not teach)3. Completion using plans or outlines
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Task 4 Guided Writing by Reproduction
• Reproduction by copying
• Reproduction by matching
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Task 5 Guided Writing by Compression
Reason: examination purposes ability to paraphrasePurpose: recognize the difference
between fact and opinion
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Task 6 Guided Writing by Paraphrase
1. Paraphrase by imitating
2. Paraphrase by transformation
3. Paraphrase by comparing
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Designing Free Writing Tasks
One important thing about free writing tasks is that the students need stimulus before writing. A picture or sequence of pictures, a dialogue, or a letter can all be good forms of stimulus.
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Task 1 Getting Ideas on the Topic
An example
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Task 2 Selecting and Expanding One Idea
Also an example
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Task 3 Making an Outline
Purpose: enable the students to have a clear organizations of ideas and a structure that can guide them in the actual writing.
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Task 4 Writing and Improving a Draft
List possible ideas Select and expand one idea
Make an outlineWrite a draft
Correct and improve draftWrite final version
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Task 5 Designing Your Own Writing Task