Landslides on Mars: Evidence for ancient glaciation? (APEX Seminar)
Focus on Landslides
Transcript of Focus on Landslides
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Landslides Landslides Landslides Landslides
By Ginny Ruadh (P7)
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WHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDESWHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDESWHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDESWHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDES
Scientists have recently found out that air
tides are responsible for causing landslides.
Heavy rainfall is the most common trigger mechanism.
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LANDSLIDES:LANDSLIDES:LANDSLIDES:LANDSLIDES:
HOW DO THEY MOVE ?HOW DO THEY MOVE ?HOW DO THEY MOVE ?HOW DO THEY MOVE ?
LandslidesLandslidesLandslidesLandslides move in different ways
MudflowsMudflowsMudflowsMudflows move very fast usually afterlots of rain,
CreepsCreepsCreepsCreeps move slowly,
Earth flowsEarth flowsEarth flowsEarth flows collapses and envelophouses suddenly and
RockslidesRockslidesRockslidesRockslides detach from a steep clifflike the one in the picture.
All landslides have one thing in common - they are unpredictable, can happen at any time and kill.
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A CATASTROPHE ?A CATASTROPHE ?A CATASTROPHE ?A CATASTROPHE ?
• Could it happen, even where we live?
Some landslides in Scotland
• 9 Sept 2009 - Landslide closes A83 as storms lash Scotland.
• 19 Aug 2004 - 57 motorists rescued - landslide at Lochearnhead.
• 26 Oct 2006 - On the Struie road near Alness, after a storm.
• 17 Jan 2010 - Landslide in Dumfries closes road.
DID YOU KNOW…
There have already been fatal landslides
in Scotland in recent years.
Landslide threat hangs over many of Scotland's most important roads
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THE FACTSTHE FACTSTHE FACTSTHE FACTS
• Landslides can occur on any slope given the right conditionsLandslides can occur on any slope given the right conditionsLandslides can occur on any slope given the right conditionsLandslides can occur on any slope given the right conditions(Long, heavy rains)(Long, heavy rains)(Long, heavy rains)(Long, heavy rains)
• Landslides vary in size. They can be a smallLandslides vary in size. They can be a smallLandslides vary in size. They can be a smallLandslides vary in size. They can be a small rockfallrockfallrockfallrockfall or cover kmor cover kmor cover kmor cover km’’’’ssssdown a slope.down a slope.down a slope.down a slope.
• Landslides are very quick. In Canada, one landslide caused aLandslides are very quick. In Canada, one landslide caused aLandslides are very quick. In Canada, one landslide caused aLandslides are very quick. In Canada, one landslide caused a
riverbank to move 680 meters in less than an hour.riverbank to move 680 meters in less than an hour.riverbank to move 680 meters in less than an hour.riverbank to move 680 meters in less than an hour.
• Approx. 8000 are killed in landslides each year, all over the woApprox. 8000 are killed in landslides each year, all over the woApprox. 8000 are killed in landslides each year, all over the woApprox. 8000 are killed in landslides each year, all over the world.rld.rld.rld.
• Landslides occur without public warning. If you live in a landslLandslides occur without public warning. If you live in a landslLandslides occur without public warning. If you live in a landslLandslides occur without public warning. If you live in a landslideideideide----prone area,prone area,prone area,prone area, be alert.be alert.be alert.be alert.
• If you suspect that a landslide is about to occur or sees changeIf you suspect that a landslide is about to occur or sees changeIf you suspect that a landslide is about to occur or sees changeIf you suspect that a landslide is about to occur or sees changes ins ins ins in
your hillside surroundings,your hillside surroundings,your hillside surroundings,your hillside surroundings, make an emergency report.make an emergency report.make an emergency report.make an emergency report.
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SOME LANDSLIDESSOME LANDSLIDESSOME LANDSLIDESSOME LANDSLIDES
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TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGY
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SOME LANDSLIDESSOME LANDSLIDESSOME LANDSLIDESSOME LANDSLIDES
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THE TRAGEDY OF THE VICTIMS & SURVIVORSTHE TRAGEDY OF THE VICTIMS & SURVIVORSTHE TRAGEDY OF THE VICTIMS & SURVIVORSTHE TRAGEDY OF THE VICTIMS & SURVIVORS
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LANDSLIDE PHOTOSLANDSLIDE PHOTOSLANDSLIDE PHOTOSLANDSLIDE PHOTOS
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THE HEROTHE HEROTHE HEROTHE HERO’’’’S (RESCUE WORKERS)S (RESCUE WORKERS)S (RESCUE WORKERS)S (RESCUE WORKERS)
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I m a g e s - B r i t i s h G e o l o g i c a l S u r v
e y
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF LANDSLIDESDIFFERENT TYPES OF LANDSLIDESDIFFERENT TYPES OF LANDSLIDESDIFFERENT TYPES OF LANDSLIDES
• Creep – Extraordinarily slow, barely noticeable movement of earth along a slope,
caused mainly by alternating wet and dry periods.
• Fall – Rock mass that suddenly detaches and falls from the top of a steep slope, it
is caused by freeze-thaw action or by gravity.
• Flow – Sudden flow of mud along a slope; it occurs when torrential rains swiftly
drench the soil.
• Slump – complex movement of materials on a slope incl. rotation
• Topple - end over end motion of rock down a slope
• Slide – movement parallel to planes of weakness/slope
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SIGNS OF EARTH MOVEMENTSIGNS OF EARTH MOVEMENTSIGNS OF EARTH MOVEMENTSIGNS OF EARTH MOVEMENT
• Titled trees
• Displaced gutters
• Cracks in road
• Lumpy ground
• Rockfalls
ROAD
AHEADCLOSED
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D IS A S T E
R
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IN THE NEWS TODAYIN THE NEWS TODAYIN THE NEWS TODAYIN THE NEWS TODAY…………
Hundreds of homes buried in a Landslide in MexicoHundreds of homes buried in a Landslide in MexicoHundreds of homes buried in a Landslide in MexicoHundreds of homes buried in a Landslide in Mexico
---- 29 Sept 201029 Sept 201029 Sept 201029 Sept 2010
A rescue worker (Oaxaca) said that, “the mountain had collapsedand a lot of people were in their homes because of the hour."
The town affected is Santa Maria (Tlahuitoltepec) where about9000 people live. The Oaxaca state is very mountainous. That,together with heavy rains caused a landslide to fall down onsleeping homes in the early hours of Tuesday.
Early estimates are that 500 - 600 people may be dead, injured orburied but a national newspaper (Excelsior) predicts that thedeath toll could approx. 1000.
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IN THE NEWS TODAY..IN THE NEWS TODAY..IN THE NEWS TODAY..IN THE NEWS TODAY..
Deadly Landslide Caught On Camera In ColombiaDeadly Landslide Caught On Camera In ColombiaDeadly Landslide Caught On Camera In ColombiaDeadly Landslide Caught On Camera In Colombia
Wednesday September 29, 2010
Witnesses could only watch on helplessly as 30 people were burieWitnesses could only watch on helplessly as 30 people were burieWitnesses could only watch on helplessly as 30 people were burieWitnesses could only watch on helplessly as 30 people were buried by ad by ad by ad by a
landslide in Colombia.landslide in Colombia.landslide in Colombia.landslide in Colombia.
A deadly landslide caught a group of bus passengers off guard between two
villages northwest of the capital Bogota.
Their fate was caught on video as they changed from one vehicle to another on
a mountain road.
Suddenly, tons of earth swept down the hillside - burying everything in its path.
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DIAGRAMSDIAGRAMSDIAGRAMSDIAGRAMS
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WHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDESWHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDESWHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDESWHAT CAUSES LANDSLIDES
Human causes:
• removal of vegetation.
• interference with natural drainage.
• leaking pipes such as water and sewer
reticulation.
• Alteration of slopes by building of roads,
railways, buildings.
• overloading slopes;
• mining and quarrying activities;
• vibrations from heavy traffic, blasting, etc
• Excavation or displacement of rocks.
Natural causes:
• height of water,
• pressure (by saturation of slope material)
from either extreme or long-lasting
rainfall / seepage,
• vibrations caused by earthquakes;
• undercutting of cliffs and banks by waves
or river erosion; and
• volcanic eruptions.
Here is a list of some of the causes of landslides.
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ON THEON THEON THEON THE LIGHTERLIGHTERLIGHTERLIGHTER SIDE OF LIFESIDE OF LIFESIDE OF LIFESIDE OF LIFE
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REFERENCESREFERENCESREFERENCESREFERENCES
1. http://www.ema.gov.au/www/ema/schools.nsf/Page/Get_The_FactsLandslides2. http://www.virginmedia.com/digital/features/uk-disasters-waiting-to-happen.php?ssid=2
3. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article6826849.ece
4. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mud_closeup.jpg
5. http://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/landslide/causes.jsp
6. http://www.crh.noaa.gov/gid/?n=icestormgallery
7. http://slopes.jkr.gov.my/Slopesafety/monitor.html
8. http://contemplativehiking.com/
9. http://bobmckerrow.blogspot.com/2009_10_01_archive.html10. http://slopes.jkr.gov.my/Slopesafety/learn.html
11. http://web.viu.ca/geoscape/landslide!.htm
12. http://feww.wordpress.com/tag/landslides/
13. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/2009/09/08/landslide-forces-drivers-to-make-55-mile-detour-from-rest-and-be-thankful-86908-21657916/
14. http://skywatch-media.com/2008_08_01_archive.html
15. http://naturalplane.blogspot.com/2010_03_28_archive.html
16. http://news.stv.tv/scotland/151002-floods-cause-chaos/17. http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/lymchar.htm
18. http://www.ossfoundation.us/projects/environment/global-warming/summary-docs/leading-edge/2010/aug-the-leading-edge
19. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3071251/Huge-landslide-crushes-village.html
20. http://ayrshiregeog.blogspot.com/2007_11_01_archive.html
21. http://www.shahidulnews.com
22. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE68404Q20100906
23. http://www.emirates247.com/landslides-kill-dozens-in-guatemala-1.288055
24. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/04/07/world/main6370356.shtml25. http://www.topnews.in/air-tides-responsible-causing-landslides-2231418
26. http://visual.merriam-webster.com/earth/geology/landslides.php
27. http://listverse.com/2007/10/20/top-10-natural-disasters/
28. http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/56358
29. http://daveslandslideblog.blogspot.com/2008_11_01_archive.html
30. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Colombia-Landslide-Dozens-Killed-When-Mudslide-Buries-Mountain-Highway-And-Homes/Article/201009415747522?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_3&lid=ARTICLE_15747522_Colombia_Landslide:_Dozens_Killed_
When_Mudslide_Buries_Mountain_Highway_And_Homes