FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or...
-
Upload
emory-walton -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or...
![Page 1: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FOCUS GROUPS 2
According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest or relevance to the group and the researcher.”
![Page 2: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WATCH YOUR CARBS: THE “TATOR” CREW
The agitator
![Page 3: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WATCH YOUR CARBS: THE “TATOR” CREW
The dictator
![Page 4: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WATCH YOUR CARBS: THE “TATOR” CREW
The commentator
![Page 5: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WATCH YOUR CARBS: THE “TATOR” CREW
The spectator
![Page 6: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WATCH YOUR CARBS: THE “TATOR” CREW
The hesitator
![Page 7: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WATCH YOUR CARBS: THE “TATOR” CREW
The facilitator
![Page 8: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The imitator
WATCH YOUR CARBS: THE “TATOR” CREW
![Page 9: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
REVIEW
History World War II
Focus groups became a staple of marketing in the 1950s
Rediscovered by social scientists in the 1980s
The focus group revival during the Clinton era
![Page 10: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
REVIEW
Qualitative method/critique Qualitative research examines how people
attribute “meaning” and “interpret” their world.
Should not generalize to a larger population
Beware of the “Artificial” element
![Page 11: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DESIGNING A FOCUS GROUP
Clearly define your objective experiences knowledge opinions
How does a focus group relate to the larger project?
9 – 12 members Location/time Incentives? How will you record and analyze the data?
![Page 12: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
QUESTIONNAIRE
Questions should be carefully sequenced
Questions- - from general to specific, from less sensitive to more sensitive
Structured to be how or what questions. Avoid “Why do you...?” - - unless your goal is to note “rationalizations”
![Page 13: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
QUESTIONNAIRE
Multiple groups/multiple facilitators-advisable to use a structured or semi-structured format
Progressive reiteration of “question relevancy” enhances validity
![Page 14: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
QUESTIONNAIRE
Opening question- introduces and frames the topic sets the tone of the discussion provides participants time for self-reflection provides all participants an opportunity to
contribute identify characteristics that participants have
in common- - nurtures conversation assists in the discussion of sensitive topics
![Page 15: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
QUESTIONNAIRE
Final question individual perspectives may change during
the discussion (changes should be noted and can be addressed in a final question)
participants should be given an opportunity to clarify and summarize their thoughts
![Page 16: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FACILITATING A FOCUS GROUP
Facilitators should explain the purpose and operation of the group
Introductory activity optional (e.g., their favorite hobby, occupation, etc.)
Primary goal is to nurture an atmosphere which encourages subjects to speak freely
![Page 17: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FACILITATING A FOCUS GROUP
Short question-and-answer discussion- ask a question with an open forum ask each member the same question and then
allow for group discussion. Sensitive issues, such as drug use,
deviant behaviors, mental health issues, etc. approach the issue in broad terms to provide
opportunity for more specific issues and responses.
![Page 18: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
FACILITATING A FOCUS GROUP
Verbal and non-verbal communication Dramaturgical principle Dramaturgical awareness
Four possibilities an individual does not care how he/she is seen by
others an individual exudes an impression unintentionally an individual wishes to communicate with others how
he/she experiences the world an individual consciously attempts to make a “specific
impression” on others
![Page 19: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
REFERENCES
Brissett, Dennis and Charles Edgley
1990 Life as Theater: A Dramaturgical Source Book. Second edition. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Berg, Bruce L.
2004 Qualitative Research Methods: For the Social Sciences. Fifth edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Edmunds, H.
1999 The Focus Research Handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
![Page 20: FOCUS GROUPS 2 According to Edmunds (1999), focus group interviews “... are either guided or unguided discussions addressing a particular topic of interest.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649dc35503460f94ab5b42/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NESSE- THE NINE
Question 9a- Preparing for class (studying, reading, writing, doing homework or lab work, analyzing data, rehearsing, and other activities related to your academic program).
Mean differences for Fr- 2006 UCO-2006 Urban (-.29) 2006 UCO-2006 Carnegie (-.36) 2006 UCO-2006 NSSE (-.58)
The nine series value labels (hours per week): 1= 0, 2= 1-5, 3= 6-10, 4= 11-15, 5= 16-20 6= 21-25, 7= 26-30, 8= 30+