FNI 1B 1 The Nano Scale of Things. FNI 1B2 Why nano? The nanometer scale is where the sciences come...
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Transcript of FNI 1B 1 The Nano Scale of Things. FNI 1B2 Why nano? The nanometer scale is where the sciences come...
FNI 1B 2
Why nano?The nanometer scale is where the sciences come together:
Physics Biology
Chemistry
New properties begin to emerge at the nanoscale.
FNI 1B 4
Metric System
Physical Property Metric Units (abbreviation)
Length Meters (m)
Mass (Weight) Grams (g)
Time Seconds (s)
Temperature ˚Centigrade (˚C)
Electric Current Amperes (A)
Volume Liter (L)
FNI 1B 5
Metric PrefixesPrefix, abbreviation
Means Power of 10
Giga, G
Mega, M
kilo, k
centi, c
milli, m
micro, µ
nano, n
1 billion
1 million
1 thousand
1/100
1/1,000
1/1,000,000
1/1,000,000,000
109
106
103
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
FNI 1B 6
Common Metric System Units
centimeter, cm millimeter, mm kilometer, km kilogram, kg cubic centimeter, cc
FNI 1B 7
Unit Factor Conversion
100 cm = 1 m
Every equality gives two conversion factors written as fractions.100 cm
1 m 100 cm
1 m
FNI 1B 8
Unit Factor Conversion
200 cm = ? m
Choose the factor that will cancel the original units.100 cm
1 m 100 cm
1 m
200 cm x = m100 cm
1 m
FNI 1B 9
Unit Factor ConversionUnit factor conversion is the method used to convert from one set of units to another.
To convert from one to another we need a “unit factor”, something equal to 1.
1 m = 109 nm
This results in two conversion factors written as fractions:
1 m
109 nm 1 m
109 nmand
http://blowers.chee.arizona.edu/cooking/units.html
FNI 1B 10
Scientific Notation
2.998 x 108 m/s
Scientific notation is written as a product of a decimal number and a power of 10.
Scientific notation will have one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point.
FNI 1B 11
Scientific Constants
Speed of Light c = 2.998 x 108 m/s
Planck’s constant h = 6.626068 x 10-34 m2kg/s
Boltzmann’s constant kB = 1.3807 x 10-23 J/K
Gas constant R = 8.3145 J/(mol K)
FNI 1B 12
Measurements
-57.8 kcal/mol
Three parts to a measurement:
Value -57.8 Magnitude combined with units kUnits kcal/mol
FNI 1B 13
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Decimal Point
Digits 0-9
Clears the last number entered
All clear – clears calculation
Turns on the calculator
Display
Tells what number your calculations equals.
Registers
FNI 1B 14
Changes the sign
Used to enter scientific notationSometimes EE
Used to get the yellow functions
Square and Square root button
Exponentiation buttonDon’t confuse with scientific notation
Parentheses control priority
Log10 and antilog10
Don’t confuse this with scientific notation
Memory recall and store
Easy fraction button
Trig functions
Close parentheses and invert button
Natural log and anti log (Euler’s constant)
FNI 1B 15
Calculator PracticeUse the EE/EXP button
Do with EE or EXP5 x 102 =10 x 103 =1 x 103 =2 x 10-3 = 103 = 103 x 101 =
Do with 10x button5 x 102 =10 x 103 =1 x 103 =2 x 10-3 = 103 = 103 x 101 =
You should get the same answers
FNI 1B 16
Common Unit Conversions used in Nanoscience
1 m = 100 cm1 m = 1,000 mm1 m = 1,000,000 μm = 106 μm 1 m = 1,000,000,000 nm = 109 nm1 m = 10,000,000,000 Å = 1010 Å1 cm = 107 nm1 cm = 108 Å1 mm = 1,000 μm1 μm = 1,000 nm1 μm = 10,000 Å
FNI 1B 20
ExampleMagnification = 100 XFeature size = 10 cm
What is the actual size in cm?
What is the actual size in m?
What is the actual size in microns?
FNI 1B 21
Unit Factor ConversionExamples:
Convert 650 nm to μm
Convert 20 nm to angstroms
Convert 2000 Å to μm