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The Nano Scale of Things

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Why nano?The nanometer scale is where the sciences come together:

Physics Biology

Chemistry

New properties begin to emerge at the nanoscale.

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Metric System is made up of:

Basic units Metric Prefixes Derived units

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Metric System

Physical Property Metric Units (abbreviation)

Length Meters (m)

Mass (Weight) Grams (g)

Time Seconds (s)

Temperature ˚Centigrade (˚C)

Electric Current Amperes (A)

Volume Liter (L)

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Metric PrefixesPrefix, abbreviation

Means Power of 10

Giga, G

Mega, M

kilo, k

centi, c

milli, m

micro, µ

nano, n

1 billion

1 million

1 thousand

1/100

1/1,000

1/1,000,000

1/1,000,000,000

109

106

103

10-2

10-3

10-6

10-9

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Common Metric System Units

centimeter, cm millimeter, mm kilometer, km kilogram, kg cubic centimeter, cc

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Unit Factor Conversion

100 cm = 1 m

Every equality gives two conversion factors written as fractions.100 cm

1 m 100 cm

1 m

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Unit Factor Conversion

200 cm = ? m

Choose the factor that will cancel the original units.100 cm

1 m 100 cm

1 m

200 cm x = m100 cm

1 m

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Unit Factor ConversionUnit factor conversion is the method used to convert from one set of units to another.

To convert from one to another we need a “unit factor”, something equal to 1.

1 m = 109 nm

This results in two conversion factors written as fractions:

1 m

109 nm 1 m

109 nmand

http://blowers.chee.arizona.edu/cooking/units.html

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Scientific Notation

2.998 x 108 m/s

Scientific notation is written as a product of a decimal number and a power of 10.

Scientific notation will have one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point.

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Scientific Constants

Speed of Light c = 2.998 x 108 m/s

Planck’s constant h = 6.626068 x 10-34 m2kg/s

Boltzmann’s constant kB = 1.3807 x 10-23 J/K

Gas constant R = 8.3145 J/(mol K)

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Measurements

-57.8 kcal/mol

Three parts to a measurement:

Value -57.8 Magnitude combined with units kUnits kcal/mol

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Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division

Decimal Point

Digits 0-9

Clears the last number entered

All clear – clears calculation

Turns on the calculator

Display

Tells what number your calculations equals.

Registers

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Changes the sign

Used to enter scientific notationSometimes EE

Used to get the yellow functions

Square and Square root button

Exponentiation buttonDon’t confuse with scientific notation

Parentheses control priority

Log10 and antilog10

Don’t confuse this with scientific notation

Memory recall and store

Easy fraction button

Trig functions

Close parentheses and invert button

Natural log and anti log (Euler’s constant)

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Calculator PracticeUse the EE/EXP button

Do with EE or EXP5 x 102 =10 x 103 =1 x 103 =2 x 10-3 = 103 = 103 x 101 =

Do with 10x button5 x 102 =10 x 103 =1 x 103 =2 x 10-3 = 103 = 103 x 101 =

You should get the same answers

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Common Unit Conversions used in Nanoscience

1 m = 100 cm1 m = 1,000 mm1 m = 1,000,000 μm = 106 μm 1 m = 1,000,000,000 nm = 109 nm1 m = 10,000,000,000 Å = 1010 Å1 cm = 107 nm1 cm = 108 Å1 mm = 1,000 μm1 μm = 1,000 nm1 μm = 10,000 Å

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Reading a Vernier Scale

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http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/Scale_of_Things_07OCT03.pdf

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ExampleMagnification = 100 XFeature size = 10 cm

What is the actual size in cm?

What is the actual size in m?

What is the actual size in microns?

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Unit Factor ConversionExamples:

Convert 650 nm to μm

Convert 20 nm to angstroms

Convert 2000 Å to μm

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Scale of Things Lab

http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm

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