FM0/Manchester Encoding for DSRC Applications using Sols ...€¦ · FM0/Manchester Encoding for...

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Volume-5, Issue-6, December-2015

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research

Page Number: 568-580

FM0/Manchester Encoding for DSRC Applications using Sols Technique

G. Srinivas1, G. Nagendra2

1VLSI (M.Tech-IInd Year), Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar, INDIA 2

Associate Professor, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar, INDIA

ABSTRACT

The dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is an emerging technique to push the intelligent transportation system into our daily life. The DSRC standards generally adopt FM0 and Manchester codes to reach dc-balance, enhancing the signal reliability. Nevertheless, the coding-diversity between the FM0 and Manchester codes seriously limits the potential to design a fully reused VLSI architecture for both. In this paper, the similarity-oriented logic simplification (SOLS) technique is proposed to overcome this limitation. The SOLS technique improves the hardware utilization rate from 57.14% to 100% for both FM0 and Manchester encodings. The performance of this paper is evaluated on the postlayout simulation in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.18-µm 1P6M CMOS technology. The maximum operation frequency is 2 GHz and 900 MHz for Manchester and FM0 encodings, respectively. The power consumption is 1.58 mW at 2 GHz for Manchester encoding and 1.14 mW at 900 MHz for FM0 encoding. The core circuit area is 65.98×30.43 µm2. The encoding capability of this paper can fully support the DSRC standards of America, Europe, and Japan. This paper not only develops a fully reused VLSI architecture, but also exhibits an efficient performance compared with the existing works. Keywords---- 1P6M CMOS technology,DSRC, TSMC, FM0 encoding, SOLS, Xilinx ISE 10.1, ModelSim 6.4b.

I. INTRODUCTION Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC)

is a standard that aims to bring vehicular networks to North America. Traffic fatalities have been a long standing problem in the United States, as in the rest of the world. As an indication of the severity of the problem, in 1999 there were 6,279,000 motor vehicle accidents that accounted for 41,611 deaths in the United States[12]. In 1991, the US

Congress passed the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 that resulted in the creation the first generation of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The goal of the ITS program is to incorporate technology into the transportation infrastructure to improve safety. The first generation of the Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) system operates at 915 MHz and has a transmission rate of 0.5 Mb/s. This project had limited success and was used primarily by commercial vehicles and for toll collection. One example of a first generation DSRC application is EZPass that is used for electronic toll collection. The second generation of DSRC started in 1997 when ITS America requested that the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) allocate an additional 75 MHz of bandwidth. In October 1999, the FCC [12] allocated the 75 MHz of bandwidth in the 5.9 GHz band for the second generation of DSRC.

Since the allocation of the bandwidth, standardization bodies have been working on the implementation details of 5.9 GHz DSRC. The North American DSRC standards program aims at creating an interoperable standard for use in the US, Canada, and Mexico. The primary goal of the project is to enable drivers to receive up-to-date information regarding 7 their surrounding environment, thereby reducing traffic accidents. Furthermore, 5.9 GHz DSRC must have a low cost and be very scalable. In addition, the 5.9 GHz DSRC should require no usage fee from the users to access the network. 1.2 Objective: The dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is an emerging technique to push the intelligent transportation system into our daily life. The DSRC standards generally adopt FM0 and Manchester codes to reach dc-balance, enhancing the signal reliability. Nevertheless, the coding-diversity between the FM0 and Manchester codes seriously limits the potential to design a



fully reused VLSI architecture for both. In this project, the similarity-oriented logic simplification (SOLS) technique is proposed to overcome this limitation. 1.3 Existed System: In existed system we can perform both encoding operations like FM0 and Manchester operation by selecting the mode bit. The following problems are raised in existed systems

dc-balance The signal reliability enhancing Coding-Diversity between the FM0 and

Manchester codes seriously limits the potential to design a fully reused VLSI architecture for both.

1.4 Proposed System: In this proposed system, the similarity-oriented logic simplification (SOLS) technique is proposed to overcome this limitation. The SOLS technique improves the hardware utilization rate from 57.14% to 100% for both FM0 and Manchester encodings. For achieving the maximum Hardware utilization rate(HUR) we need to perform to algorithms

Area- compact retiming Logic sharing

II. LITERATURE SURVEY Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC)

are one-way or two-way short-range to medium-range wireless communication channels specifically designed for automotive use and a corresponding set of protocols and standards.The dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) [1] is a protocol for one- or two-way medium range communication especially for intelligent transportation systems. The DSRC can be briefly classified

into two categories: automobile-to-automobile and automobile-to-roadside. In automobile-to-automobile, the DSRC enables the message sending and broadcasting among automobiles for safety issues and public information announcement [2], [3]. The safety issues include blind-spot, intersection warning, inter cars distance, and collision-alarm. The automobile-to-roadside focuses on the intelligent transportation service, such as electronic toll collection (ETC) system. With ETC, the toll collecting is electrically accomplished with the contactless IC-card platform. Moreover, the ETC can be extended to the payment for parking-service, and gas-refueling. The upper and bottom parts are dedicated for transmission and receiving, respectively. This transceiver is classified into three basic modules: microprocessor, baseband processing, and RF front-end. The microprocessor interprets instructions from media access control to schedule the tasks of baseband processing and RF front-end. The baseband processing is responsible for modulation, error correction, clock synchronization, and encoding. The RF frontend transmits and receives the wireless signal through the antenna.

Communications-based active safety applications use vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infra structure short-range wireless communications to detect potential hazards in a vehicle’s path – even those the driver does not see. The connected vehicle provides enhanced awareness at potentially reduced cost, and offers additional functionality over autonomous sensor systems available on some vehicles today. Communications-based sensor systems could potentially be a low-cost means of enabling hazard detection capability on all vehicle classes, but requires vehicles and infrastructure to be outfitted with interoperable communications capabilities.

Figure 1: system architecture of DSRC transceiver.



2.1 Features:

Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) are the communications media of choice for communications-based active safety systems research because:

• It operates in a licensed frequency band. • It is primarily allocated for vehicle safety

applications by FCC Report & Order – Feb. 2004 (75 MHz of spectrum).

• It provides a secure wireless interface required by active safety applications.

• It supports high speed, low latency, short-range wireless communications.

• It works in high vehicle speed mobility conditions.

• Its performance is immune to extreme weather conditions (e.g. rain, fog, snow, etc.).

• It is designed to be tolerant to multi-path transmissions typical with roadway environments.

• It supports both vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications.

Desired features of DSRC for active safety system are Communications-based active safety systems need a tightly controlled spectrum for maximized reliability. DSRC communications take place over a

dedicated 75 MHz spectrum band around 5.9 GHz, allocated by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for vehicle safety applications.

III. IMPLEMENTATION FM0 and Manchester are the techniques used in (Similarity Oriented Logic Simplification) SOLS process. However, the coding-diversity between both seriously limits the potential to design a VLSI architecture that can be fully reused with each other. This paper proposes a VLSI architecture design using similarity-oriented logic simplification (SOLS) technique. The SOLS consists of two core methods: area-compact retiming and balance logic-operation sharing. The area-compact retiming relocates the hardware resource to reduce 22 transistors. The balance logic-operation sharing efficiently combines FM0 and Manchester encodings with the fully reused hardware architecture. With SOLS technique, this project constructs a fully reused VLSI architecture of Manchester and FM0 encodings for DSRC applications.

IV. SIMULATION AND SYNTHESIS RESULT

For existed system results:

Figure: 4.1 block diagram of top module



Fig 4.2 internal blocks of existed system

Figure: 4.3 pin diagram of existed system



Figure 4.4 internal blocks of existed system

Figure: 4.5 internal blocks of LUT



Figure: 4.6 Simulation results for FM0

Figure: 4.7 Simulation results for Manchester



Figure 4.8 Schematic design of existed system

Figure.4.9 timing diagram for existed system



Figure 4.10 Power report for existed system

Proposed system:

Figure: 4.11 Block diagram for proposed system



Figure: 4.12 Internal blocks for proposed system

Figure: 4.13 Pin diagram for proposed design



Figure: 4.14 Internal diagram for proposed design

Figure.4.15 LUT internal diagram



Figure: 4.16 Schematic diagram for proposed system

Figure: 4.17 Timing diagram for proposed system



Figure: 4.18power report for proposed system

V. CONCLUSION

The coding-diversity between FM0 and Manchester encodings causes the limitation on hardware utilization of VLSI architecture design. A limitation analysis on hardware utilization of FM0 and Manchester encodings. In this project, the fully reused VLSI architecture using SOLS technique for both FM0 and Manchester encodings is proposed. The SOLS technique eliminates the limitation on hardware utilization by two core techniques: area-compact retiming and balance logic-operation sharing. The area-compact retiming relocates the hardware resource to reduce 22 transistors. The balance logic-operation sharing efficiently combines FM0 and Manchester encodings with the identical logic components.

This paper is realized in TSMC 0.18-μm 1P6MCMOS technology with an outstanding device efficiency. The maximum operation frequency is 2 GHz and 900 MHz for Manchester and FM0 encodings, respectively. The power consumption is 1.58 mW at 2 GHz for Manchester encoding and 1.14 mW at 900 MHz for FM0 encoding. The core circuit area is 65.98 × 30.43 μm2. The encoding capability of this project can fully support the DSRC standards of America, Europe, and Japan. This paper not only develops a fully reused VLSI architecture, but also exhibits a competitive performance compared with the existing works.

VI. FUTURE SCOPE

This paper analyzes the reliability of DSRC wireless communication and reliability of DSRC-based Vehicle Safety Communication (VSC) applications, under both open field traffic environment and freeway traffic environment. DSRC wireless communication is analyzed based on metrics packet delivery ratio and distribution of consecutive packet drops. Application level metric, T-window reliability, is used to analyze the reliability of VSC applications. The analysis based on extensive experimental data collected shows that DSRC wireless communication provides an adequate degree of communication reliability under both traffic environments, and that the packet drops do not occur in bursts even under the harsh freeway traffic environment. By incorporating appropriate estimation algorithms into the VSC application design neighbor vehicle status information can be predicted to improve the overall reliability of VSC applications in order to provide satisfactory application service to the end users. Moreover we have developed an analytical model that related the DSRC communication reliability and the VSC application reliability.

Our future work aims to investigate the effects of various important factors that could potentially affect the reliability characteristics of DSRC wireless communications. Using a systematically approach we plan to analyze the effect of vehicle relative speed, transmission power and transmission data rate, and other factors on DSRC communication under various traffic environments. By doing so, we would gain better overall understanding



of DSRC wireless communication. We are also looking into the possibility of using adaptive parameter control mechanism (varying broadcast interval t, based on environment) to improve VSC application reliability.

REFERENCES

[1] F. Ahmed-Zaid, F. Bai, S. Bai, C. Basnayake, B. Bellur, S. Brovold, et al., “Vehicle safety communications—Applications (VSC-A) final report,” U.S. Dept. Trans., Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin., Washington, DC, USA, Rep. DOT HS 810 591, Sep. 2011. [2] J. B. Kenney, “Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) standards in the United States,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. 1162–1182, Jul. 2011. [3] J. Daniel, V. Taliwal, A. Meier, W. Holfelder, and R. Herrtwich, “Design of 5.9 GHz DSRC-based vehicular safety communication,” IEEE Wireless Commun. Mag., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 36–43, Oct. 2006. [4] P. Benabes, A. Gauthier, and J. Oksman, “A Manchester code generator running at 1 GHz,” in Proc. IEEE, Int. Conf. Electron., Circuits Syst., vol. 3. Dec. 2003, pp. 1156–1159.

[5] A. Karagounis, A. Polyzos, B. Kotsos, and N. Assimakis, “A 90nm Manchester code generator with CMOS switches running at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz,” in Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Syst., Signals Image Process., Jun. 2009, pp. 1–4. [6] Y.-C. Hung, M.-M. Kuo, C.-K. Tung, and S.-H. Shieh, “High-speed CMOS chip design for Manchester and Miller encoder,” in Proc. Intell. Inf. Hiding Multimedia Signal Process., Sep. 2009, pp. 538–541. [7] M. A. Khan, M. Sharma, and P. R. Brahmanandha, “FSM based Manchester encoder for UHF RFID tag emulator,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput., Commun. Netw., Dec. 2008, pp. 1–6. [8] M. A. Khan, M. Sharma, and P. R. Brahmanandha, “FSM based FM0 and Miller encoder for UHF RFID tag emulator,” in Proc. IEEE Adv. Comput. Conf., Mar. 2009, pp. 1317–1322. [9] J.-H. Deng, F.-C. Hsiao, and Y.-H. Lin, “Top down design of joint MODEM and CODEC detection schemes for DSRC coded-FSK systems over high mobility fading channels,” in Proc. Adv. Commun. Technol. Jan. 2013, pp. 98–103.

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