FM DS 0809

May 2006 of 123

STORAGE OF CLASS 1, 2, 3, 4 AND PLASTIC COMMODITIES

Table of ContentsPage

1.0 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................... 71.1 Changes ........................................................................................................................................... 7

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 72.1 Construction ...................................................................................................................................... 7

2.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 72.1.2 Steel Column Protection ........................................................................................................ 82.1.3 Heat and Smoke Venting and Draft Curtains ....................................................................... 10

2.2 Occupancy ....................................................................................................................................... 112.2.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 112.2.2 Flue Spaces ........................................................................................................................... 112.2.3 Pallets .................................................................................................................................... 122.2.4 Special Storage Considerations ............................................................................................ 12

2.3 Fire Protection ................................................................................................................................. 142.3.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 142.3.2 Sprinkler System Types ......................................................................................................... 152.3.3 Ceiling Sprinklers ................................................................................................................... 152.3.4 In-Rack Sprinklers (IRAS) ..................................................................................................... 172.3.5 Hose Demands and Connections ......................................................................................... 252.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies .................................................................................................. 252.3.7 Ceiling Sprinkler System Design Criteria .............................................................................. 26

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................ 1073.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 107

4.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 1074.1 FM Global ..................................................................................................................................... 107

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................... 107APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY .................................................................................... 119

List of FiguresFigure 2.3.4.2(a) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with One Level of In-Rack Sprinklers

Required. .......................................................................................................................... 20Figure 2.3.4.2(b) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with More than One Level of In-Rack

Sprinklers Required (Option A). ....................................................................................... 20Figure 2.3.4.2(c) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with More than One Level of In-Rack

Sprinklers Required (Option B). ....................................................................................... 21Figure 2.3.4.2(d) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2). ........................................................................................................................... 21Figure 2.3.7.2(a) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Single-Row Racks (Option A) ..................................... 28Figure 2.3.7.2(b) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Single-Row Racks (Option B) ..................................... 29Figure 2.3.7.2(c) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Double-Row Racks ...................................................... 30Figure 2.3.7.2(d) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Multiple-Row Racks .................................................... 31

FM GlobalProperty Loss Prevention Data Sheets 8-9

©2006 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company.

Figure 2.3.7.3(a) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3, 4 commodities, cartoned anduncartoned plastic, single-row racks with open shelves, height of storage over25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................................................................................... 54

Figure 2.3.7.3(a) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3, 4 commodities, cartoned anduncartoned plastic, single-row racks with shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height ofstorage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................................................................ 55

Figure 2.3.7.3(a) S64 In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3, 4 commodities, cartoned anduncartoned plastic, single-row racks with shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2),height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................................................. 56

Figure 2.3.7.3(b) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with openshelves, maximum height of storage 30 ft (9.0 m) .......................................................... 57

Figure 2.3.7.3(b) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with solidshelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), maximum height of storage 30 ft (9.0 m) ...................... 57

Figure 2.3.7.3(b) S64 In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartonedand uncartoned plastics, double-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................................. 58Figure 2.3.7.3(c) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with open

shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .................................................................. 59Figure 2.3.7.3(c) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with solid

shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................... 60Figure 2.3.7.3(c) S64 In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned

and uncartoned plastics, multiple-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................................. 61Figure 2.3.7.3(d) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

open shelves, maximum height of storage 30 ft (9.0 m) ................................................ 62Figure 2.3.7.3(d) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), maximum height of storage 30 ft (9.0 m) ............. 63Figure 2.3.7.3(e) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ......................................................... 64Figure 2.3.7.3(e) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ...................... 65Figure 2.3.7.3(f) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .......................................................... 66Figure 2.3.7.3(f) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ....................... 67Figure 2.3.7.3(g) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ......................................................... 68Figure 2.3.7.3(g) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ...................... 69Figure 2.3.7.3(h) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ......................................................... 70Figure 2.3.7.3(h) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with

solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ...................... 71Figure 2.3.7.3(i) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .......................................................... 72Figure 2.3.7.3(i) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with

solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ....................... 73Figure 2.3.7.3(j) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .......................................................... 74Figure 2.3.7.3(j) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with

solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ....................... 75

8-9 Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, 4 and Plastic Commodities FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

©2006 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.3.7.3(k) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticand uncartoned unexpanded plastic, double-row racks with open shelves and solidshelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.02), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................... 76

Figure 2.3.7.3(l) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticand uncartoned unexpanded plastic, double-row racks no deeper than 9 ft (2.7 m) withopen shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m). This in-rack sprinkler arrangement isonly for wet-pipe ceiling and in-rack sprinkler systems. ................................................... 77

Figure 2.3.7.3(m) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticand uncartoned unexpanded plastic, double-row racks with open shelves and solidshelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m). Twoacceptable arrangements ............................................................................................... 78

Figure 2.3.7.3(n) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 and all plastics, double-row rackswith open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................................................................................... 79

Figure 2.3.7.3(o) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 and all plastics, double-row rackswith open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................................................................................... 80

Figure 2.3.7.3 (p) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned anduncartoned plastics, double-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft(2.0-6.0 m), heiht of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m). ............................................................ 81

Figure 2.3.7.3(q) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, multiple-row racks with openshelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .................................................................. 82

Figure 2.3.7.3(q) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, multiple-row racks with solidshelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ........................... 83

Figure 2.3.7.3(r) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, multiple-row racks withopen shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .......................................................... 84

Figure 2.3.7.3(r) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, multiple-row racks withsolid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................... 85

Figure 2.3.7.3(s) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticsand uncartoned unexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves, andsolid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ...................... 86

Figure 2.3.7.3(s) S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticsand uncartoned unexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ........................................ 87

Figure 2.3.7.3(t) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticsand uncartoned unexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves and solidshelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................... 88

Figure 2.3.7.3(u) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned anduncartoned plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................................ 89

Figure 2.3.7.3(v) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned anduncartoned plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................................ 90

Figure A-1. Typical double-row (back-to-back) rack arrangement ............................................................ 108Figure A-2. Typical pallets ......................................................................................................................... 109Figure A-3. Double-row rack ...................................................................................................................... 111Figure A-4. Double-row racks with solid shelves ....................................................................................... 111Figure A-5. Double-row racks with slatted shelves ................................................................................... 112Figure A-6. Automatic storage type rack ................................................................................................... 113Figure A-7. Multiple-row rack served by reach truck ................................................................................. 114Figure A-8. Flow-through pallet rack .......................................................................................................... 115Figure A-9. Drive-in rack, two or more pallets deep. A fork truck drives into the rack to deposit and

withdraw loads in the depth of the rack. ................................................................................. 116Figure A-10. Flow-through and portable racks .......................................................................................... 117Figure A-11. Cantilever rack ...................................................................................................................... 118

Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, 4 and Plastic Commodities 8-9FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets


List of TablesTable 2.1.2(a) Ceiling-Only Sprinkler System Arrangements Needing Steel Column Protection ................. 9Table 2.1.2(b) Acceptable Options for the Protection of Steel Columns [based on ‘‘Yes’’ answer from

Table 2.1.2(a)] ........................................................................................................................ 10Table 2.1.3.1 Acceptable Types of Heat and Smoke Vents ......................................................................... 10Table 2.2.4.1 Guidelines for Open-Top Combustible Containers ................................................................. 13Table 2.3.3.2 Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing ........................................................................................................ 16Table 2.3.3.3 Minimum Sprinkler Pressure Requirements, psi (bar) ............................................................ 17Table 2.3.4.2 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing ...................................................................................................... 22Table 2.3.4.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Design Criteria ........................................................................................... 24Table 2.3.5.1 Hose Demand ......................................................................................................................... 25Table 2.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies ........................................................................................................ 26Table 2.3.7.2. Fire Protection Scheme A ...................................................................................................... 27Table 2.3.7.3.2 Control Mode Density Area Ceiling Sprinkler Requirements for Extra Levels of

In-Rack Sprinklers (Rack Storage up to 25 ft [7.5 m]) ........................................................ 34Table 2.3.7.3.3 Excessive Clearance Guidelines for Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers at Ceiling Level . 35Table 2.3.7.3(a) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Class 1 Commodities .......................................................................................................... 37Table 2.3.7.3(b) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Class 2 Commodities .......................................................................................................... 38Table 2.3.7.3(c) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Class 3 Commodities .......................................................................................................... 39Table 2.3.7.3(d) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Class 4 Commodities .......................................................................................................... 40Table 2.3.7.3(e) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Cartoned Expanded Plastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and UncartonedUnexpanded Plastic ............................................................................................................ 41

Table 2.3.7.3(f) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofUncartoned Expanded Plastic ............................................................................................. 42

Table 2.3.7.3(g) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Single-Row Racks Without Solid Shelves,Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) ................................... 43

Table 2.3.7.3(h) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Single-Row Racks With Solid Shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................ 43

Table 2.3.7.3(i) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Single-Row Racks With Solid Shelves Greaterthan 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) ... 44

Table 2.3.7.3(j) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Double-Row Racks With Open Shelves,Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) .................................... 45

Table 2.3.7.3(k) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Double-Row Racks With Solid Shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) . 46

Table 2.3.7.3(l) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Double-Row Racks With Solid Shelves Greaterthan 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) ... 47

Table 2.3.7.3(m) Control Mode Density Area, Multiple-Row Racks With Open Shelves, Storage HigherThan 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) ............................................................ 48

Table 2.3.7.3(n) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Multiple-Row Racks With Solid Shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) . 49

Table 2.3.7.3(o) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Multiple-Row Racks With Solid Shelves GreaterThan 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m) . 50

Table 2.3.7.3(p) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-BoxStorage of Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities ..................................................................... 51

Table 2.3.7.3(q) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled and Palletized Storage withFavorable Factors; Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of Cartoned Unexpanded andExpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics .................................................. 52



Table 2.3.7.3(r) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled and Palletized with no FavorableFactors of Cartoned Unexpanded and Expanded Plastic and Uncartoned UnexpandedPlastic .................................................................................................................................. 53

Table 2.3.7.3(s) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-BoxStorage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastics ....................................................................... 53

Table 2.3.7.4(a) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2Commodities with Open Shelves ...................................................................................... 91

Table 2.3.7.4(b) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2Commodities with Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2) ........................................... 92

Table 2.3.7.4(c) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2Commodities with Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) ......................................... 92

Table 2.3.7.4(d) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commoditieswith Open Shelves ............................................................................................................ 92

Table 2.3.7.4(e) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commoditieswith Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2) ................................................................. 93

Table 2.3.7.4(f) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commoditieswith Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) ................................................................ 93

Table 2.3.7.4(g) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commoditieswith Open Shelves ............................................................................................................ 93

Table 2.3.7.4(h) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commoditieswith Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2) ................................................................. 94

Table 2.3.7.4(i) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commoditieswith Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) ................................................................ 94

Table 2.3.7.4(j) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned ExpandedPlastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic withOpen Shelves ..................................................................................................................... 95

Table 2.3.7.4(k) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned ExpandedPlastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic withSolid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2) ......................................................................... 96

Table 2.3.7.4(l) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned ExpandedPlastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic withSolid Shelves Greater Than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) ....................................................................... 96

Table 2.3.7.4(m) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of UncartonedExpanded Plastic with Open Shelves .............................................................................. 97

Table 2.3.7.4(n) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of UncartonedExpanded Plastic with Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2) .................................... 97

Table 2.3.7.4(o) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of UncartonedExpanded Plastic with Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) .................................. 98

Table 2.3.7.4(p) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf andBin-Box Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, and 4 Commodities ..................................................... 98

Table 2.3.7.4(q) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of Cartonedand Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic ........................... 99

Table 2.3.7.4(r) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Solid-Piled and PalletizedStorage of Cartoned and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned ExpandedPlastic ............................................................................................................................... 100

Table 2.3.7.4(s) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf andBin-Box Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastic ......................................................... 100

Table 2.3.7.5(a) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, and 4 Commodities,and Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic with Open Shelves .................................................. 101

Table 2.3.7.5(b) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic withOpen Shelves .................................................................................................................. 102

Table 2.3.7.5(c) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned Expanded Plastic withOpen Shelves .................................................................................................................. 102

Table 2.3.7.5(d) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastic withOpen Shelves .................................................................................................................. 103



Table 2.3.7.5(e) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storageof Class 1, 2, 3, and 4 Commodities, and Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic ..................... 103

Table 2.3.7.5(f) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-BoxStorage of Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic .................................................................... 104

Table 2.3.7.5(g) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-BoxStorage of Cartoned Expanded Plastic ........................................................................... 105

Table 2.3.7.5(h) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-BoxStorage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastic ....................................................................... 106



1.0 SCOPE

This data sheet provides fire protection guidelines for the storage of Class 1, 2, 3, 4 and plastic commoditiesmaintained in either a rack, solid-piled, palletized, shelf or bin-box storage arrangement. See FM Global DataSheet 8-1, Commodity Classification, for guidelines on how to classify individual commodities as well ashow to determine an overall commodity rating for a storage area.

It is also the intent of this data sheet to promote the consideration of future changes in storage arrangementsand commodities when deciding on fire protection requirements for new buildings or buildings being retrofittedwith new protection. When selecting fire protection systems, consider: 1) maximum possible building andstorage heights, 2) potential increases in commodity hazards that may occur in the future, and 3) susceptibilityof the occupancy to nonthermal damage. This will ensure that protection installed in a new building will havea better chance to remain adequate, despite any future changes in occupancy or use that may increasethe overall hazard.

Special hazards, such as the storage of aerosols, flammable liquids in metal or plastic containers, andspecialized storage covered by specific occupancy data sheets, may present challenges to sprinklerprotection that cannot be overcome by merely increasing sprinkler system design pressures, flows, sprinklersystem operating areas, or by using a better type of ceiling sprinkler. Often, dedicated storage areas, specialconstruction features to restrict fire spread, or other means are necessary. Consult the applicable data sheetcovering the specific occupancy involved for guidance.

The fire protection recommendations contained in this data sheet are based on testing, loss experience andengineering judgment. Not every situation has been tested, nor has every potential solution been identified.Use of options different from those identified here should only be made after careful consideration of allvariables involved.

This data sheet does not provide guidelines on the installation requirements for Suppression Mode, ControlMode Specific Application or Control Mode Density Area sprinklers. Refer to the appropriate FM Global datasheets listed below for their installation guidelines as well as their compatibility with the facility’s constructionfeatures:

• Suppression Mode: Data Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression Mode Automatic Sprinklers

• Control Mode Specific Application: Data Sheet 2-7, Installation Rules for Sprinkler Systems Using ControlMode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinklers

• Control Mode Density Area: Data Sheet 2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA)

It is not the intent of this data sheet to be applied to small, scattered amounts of in-process storage. Thisdata sheet should generally be applied if there is more than 200 ft2 (20 m2) of material in storage, particularlyif the storage is higher than 10 ft (3.0 m). For smaller storage areas, the applicable FM Global data sheetfor the general occupancy will normally apply.

1.1 Changes

May 2006. Minor editorial changes were made for this revision.

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Construction

2.1.1 General

Storage facilities applicable for this data sheet should be constructed in accordance with appropriateFM Global data sheets.

Reference the applicable FM Global data sheets to ensure the construction features of the facility arecompatible with the type of sprinkler being utilized (see Section 1.0).

Properly anchor all rack storage structures to avoid capsizing and collapse, taking into consideration theeffects of rack loads, seismic conditions (see FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-2,Earthquakes), the additional load created by the collection or absorption of fire protection water by thecommodity being protected, and, if provided, the weight of water-filled in-rack sprinkler piping.



Design rack-supported structures taking into consideration any effects of weather (wind, snow, rain, hail,etc.) rack loads, seismic conditions (see Data Sheet 1-2, Earthquakes), and the additional load created bythe collection or absorption of fire protection water by the commodity being protected, the weight of water-filledsprinkler piping (whether from ceiling sprinklers or sprinklers installed within racks), and any other loads towhich the rack or structure may be exposed.

2.1.2 Steel Column Protection

The protection options offered by this data sheet eliminate the need for overhead steel protection.

In addition, steel column protection is not needed for properly designed and installed sprinkler systemsutilizing Suppression Mode or Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers, nor is it needed for systems usingControl Mode Density Area sprinklers in combination with in-rack sprinklers.

Steel building columns that are either (1) located entirely within the storage array (steel columns locatedso that one side of the column is flush with the aisle face of a storage array are not considered to be withinthe array), or (2) vertical rack members that support the building structure may need to be protected for someceiling-only sprinkler systems utilizing Control Mode Density Area sprinklers. Use Table 2.1.2(a) to determinewhen steel building column protection is needed.



Table 2.1.2(a) Ceiling-Only Sprinkler System Arrangements Needing Steel Column Protection

SprinklerType

StorageArrangement

Commodity Plastics Type/PackagingFavorable

Factors

StorageHeight,ft (m)

BuildingHeight,ft (m)

SteelColumnProtectionNeeded?

SuppressionMode

Solid-Piled,Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box, SRR,DRR, MRR

Class 1,Class 2,Class 3,Class 4,Plastics

Cartoned Unexpanded,Uncartoned Unexpanded,

Cartoned Expanded,Uncartoned Expanded

DNA ≤ 40(12.2)

≤ 45(13.5)

No

ControlMode

SpecificApplication

Solid-Piled,Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box, SRR,DRR, MRR




DNA ≤ 35(10.5)

≤ 50(15.0)

No

ControlMode

Density Area

Shelf, Bin-Box




Yes, No ≤ 30 (9.0) ≤ 50(15.0)

No

ControlMode

Density Area

Solid-Piled,Palletized

Class 1,Class 2,Class 3,Class 4

DNA DNA ≤ 30 (9.0) ≤ 50(15.0)

No

ControlMode

Density Area


Plastics Uncartoned Expanded Yes, No ≤ 30 (9.0) ≤ 50(15.0)

No

ControlMode

Density Area


Plastics Cartoned Unexpanded,Uncartoned Unexpanded,

Cartoned Expanded

Yes ≤ 30 (9.0) ≤ 50(15.0)

No

ControlMode

Density Area


Plastics Cartoned Unexpanded,Uncartoned Unexpanded,

Cartoned Expanded

No > 15 (4.5) > 20 (6.0) Yes

ControlMode

Density Area

SRR, DRR,MRR




DNA ≤ 15 (4.5) ≤ 45(13.5)

No

ControlMode

Density Area

SRR, DRR,MRR




DNA > 15 (4.5) > 20 (6.0) Yes

When Table 2.1.2(a) indicates that steel column protection is needed, use Table 2.1.2(b) to determine whatprotection options can be utilized for the type of storage present.



Table 2.1.2(b) Acceptable Options for the Protection of Steel Columns [based on ‘‘Yes’’ answer from Table 2.1.2(a)]

Storage TypeStorage Height,

ft (m)Commodity

Class OptionSRR, DRR,

MRR15 (4.5) <

Storage Height≤ 20 (6.0)

1 Overhead ceiling system is capable of providing a 0.33 gpm/ft2

(14 mm/min) density over a 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) area for single-or double-row racks with 8 ft (2.4 m) wide aisles or 0.37gpm/ft2 (16 mm/min) density over a 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) area forracks with smaller aisles

SRR, DRR,MRR

15 (4.5) <Storage Height

≤ 20 (6.0)


(16 mm/min) density over a 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) area for single-and double-row racks with 8 ft (2.4 m) wide aisles or 0.44gpm/ft2 (18 mm/min) density over a 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) area forracks with smaller aisles

SRR, DRR,MRR

15 (4.5) <Storage Height

≤ 20 (6.0)


(18 mm/min) density over a 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) area for single-and double-row racks with 8 ft (2.4 m) wide aisles or 0.49gpm/ft2 (20 mm/min) density over a 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) area forracks with smaller aisles

Solid-Piled,Palletized,

Shelf, Bin-Box,SRR, DRR,

MRR

≥ 5 (1.5) 1, 2, 3, 4,Plastics

Provide a sidewall sprinkler on the column at about the 15 ft(4.5 m) elevation designed to provide a minimum 30 gpm(115 l/min) flow and hydraulically balance with the overheadsprinkler system

Solid-Piled,Palletized,

Shelf, Bin-Box,SRR, DRR,

MRR

≥ 5 (1.5) 1, 2, 3, 4,Plastics

Provide an Approved 1-hour fire resistance coating on the steelcolumns or sheath the columns with an assembly having aminimum 1-hour fire resistance rating per FM Data Sheet 1-21.

Note that the fire resistance rating of some concrete-filled steel columns may meet the intent of the last optionprovided above in Table 2.1.2(b). Evaluate each case separately using FM Global Data Sheet 1-21, FireResistance of Building Assemblies.

2.1.3 Heat and Smoke Venting and Draft Curtains

2.1.3.1 Heat and Smoke Venting

FM Global recommended practices for heat and smoke venting are provided in FM Global Data Sheet 1-10,Smoke and Heat Venting in Sprinklered Buildings. The protection options provided in this data sheet arebased on automatic heat and smoke vents not being provided. Fire tests have shown that automatic heatand smoke vents are not cost effective and can increase the sprinkler water demand. Hence, arrangepermanent heat and smoke vents, if any, for manual operation. If local codes require that heat or smoke ventsbe arranged for automatic operation, then the types and operating temperatures should be in accordancewith Table 2.1.3.1.

Table 2.1.3.1 Acceptable Types of Heat and Smoke Vents

Sprinkler Type Acceptable Type of Vent Vent Operating TemperatureSuppression Mode Fusible Link Operated - Minimum 360°F (180°C) Using Standard-Response Links

Drop-out Type - As Approved Specifically for Suppression Mode SprinklersControl Mode Specific

ApplicationFusible Link Operated - Minimum 360°F (180°C) Using Standard-Response Links

Drop-out Type - As ApprovedControl Mode Density

AreaFusible Link Operated - Minimum One Rating Higher than Ceiling Sprinklers Using

Standard-Response LinksDrop-out Type - As Approved

Note that local codes may require that vent operating temperatures be at least a specific number of degreeshigher than the ceiling sprinkler rating. In those cases, select a link rating which meets both FM Global’s



recommended ratings and the local code. When the FM Global link ratings cannot be satisfied, install aquick-response type sprinkler (or sprinklers depending on the size of the vent), having the same K-factoras the adjacent sprinklers, under the center of the vent.

Rather than using automatic heat and smoke vents, smoke removal during mop-up operations can frequentlybe achieved through eaveline windows, doors, monitors, non-automatic exhaust systems (gravity andmechanical), or manually operated heat and smoke vents. Fire departments can cut holes in steel or woodroofs, and also use positive pressure ventilation or smoke exhausters to remove smoke from the building.

2.1.3.2 Draft Curtains

Draft curtains installed with automatic heat and smoke vents can interfere with the proper distribution ofsprinkler discharge, and can hinder suppression or control of a storage fire. When required by local codes,center them between sprinklers or sprinkler branch lines. If they are not centered, then provide additionalsprinklers so that sprinklers on either side of the draft curtain are no further from the curtain than one-half theallowable maximum sprinkler spacing.

In certain cases, when Suppression Mode sprinklers are adjacent to areas protected by Control Mode typesprinklers, draft curtains with clear space below may be needed to prevent Suppression Mode sprinklersfrom operating due to a fire in the adjacent area (see Section 2.3.3.5).

When draft curtains are required by this data sheet, reference FM Global Data Sheet 1-19, Fire Walls,Subdivision and Draft Curtains for their installation guidelines.

2.2 Occupancy

2.2.1 General

Storage arrangements vary between locations. Most arrangements can be classified as solid-piled, palletized,shelf, bin-box or single-row, double-row, or multiple-row racks for the purpose of determining fire protectionrequirements.

The fire protection guidelines in this data sheet, for the most part, are based on actual fire tests. Some arebased on engineering judgment. Other storage arrangements exist which may promote different fire behaviorfrom that contemplated by the protection guidelines contained in this data sheet. Therefore, care should beexercised when evaluating protection criteria for any arrangements which differ significantly from thosecontemplated here. In some cases, there might be other FM Global specific occupancy data sheets thataddress the occupancy being contemplated.

2.2.2 Flue Spaces

2.2.2.1 Rack Storage

Flue spaces (see Appendix A for definitions involving flue spaces) are necessary for rack storagearrangements to allow heat from a fire to vent vertically. This allows the ceiling-level sprinklers (and in-racksprinklers if provided) to operate as quickly as possible as well as slows down the horizontal fire spreadwithin the rack. Flue spaces are also necessary to allow sprinkler water penetration down through the racks.Without sufficient water penetration to burning commodities stored on the lower tiers of the racks, fire controlmay not be achieved.

To be effective as outlined above, flue spaces must be a minimum net width of 3 in. (75 mm) and ideallyabout 6 in. (150 mm) wide. A flue space’s net width is a measure of its gross width minus any horizontalobstructions, such as rack uprights, located within the flue space.

Unless in-rack sprinklers are provided at every tier level, all rack storage arrangements require transverseflue spaces to allow the provided automatic sprinkler protection to be effective.

Longitudinal flue spaces are not required within rack storage arrangements; however, if they are presentthey should have a minimum 3 in. (75 mm) net clear width vertically throughout the height of the rack.

Maintain vertical alignment of flue spaces as closely as possible. Random variations in the width of the fluespaces or in their vertical alignment are permissible.

See the definition of ‘‘Rack Storage’’ in Appendix A to determine how racks would either be classified asopen-frame storage racks or racks with solid shelves.



Rack storage without solid shelves used to store rolled cloth, rolled fabric, or any other similar rolled-typecommodities should be arranged to ensure that such products cannot bulge into or encroach over the fluespaces. If the flue spaces are blocked the effect will be that of solid shelves, thus preventing sprinkler waterfrom penetrating down through the racks and allowing a fire to spread horizontally throughout the rack.Loading can be random and varied at peak production or seasonal times, compromising the flue spaces.In those and other cases where adequate flue spaces cannot be maintained, it may be necessary to eitherprovide wire mesh and/or other physical means to ensure adequate flue spaces are always available, ortreat the racks as having solid shelves.

In single-row, double-row, and multiple-row racks to any height with solid shelves, maintain minimum 6 in.(150 mm) longitudinal and transverse flue spaces between shelf sections, thereby defining the shelf area andpermitting sprinkler water penetration. However, 3 in. (75 mm) flue spaces are acceptable if there are novertical or horizontal rack members within vertically aligned flue spaces. Maintain vertical alignment of theflue spaces as closely as possible.

2.2.2.2 Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage

There are no minimum flue space guidelines for this type of storage. Width of flue spaces, pile stability, productspillage and product form can influence the severity of fires in cartoned plastics and uncartoned unexpandedplastics, and, therefore, the protection requirements. Section 2.3.7.3.4 outlines Favorable Factors which caninfluence protection requirements.

2.2.3 Pallets

There are no restrictions on the types of pallets used to store material, whether in-rack sprinklers are presentor not. Consider the combustibility of the pallet in the overall commodity classification. Protection requirementsfor storage of idle pallets are contained in Data Sheet 8-24, Idle Pallet Storage.

2.2.4 Special Storage Considerations

2.2.4.1 Open-Top, Five-Sided Combustible Containers

Open-top, five-sided combustible containers can prevent water from running across the top of storage anddown the flues and can also collect sprinkler water. This will prevent water penetration to fire in lower levelswhere it is needed. Rack or pile collapse may also occur if too much water is collected. Apply the protectionguidelines in Table 2.2.4.1 when open-top, five-sided combustible containers are present.

2.2.4.2 Portable Racks

Portable racks are designed to be transportable via the use of a fork-lift truck. They can be arranged in anynumber of configurations, and include wire baskets without solid sides and bottoms and open-top containerswithout solid sides but with solid bottoms; Five-sided open-top combustible containers with solid sides andbottoms are treated as open-top combustible containers. Protect portable racks based on the requirementsfor multiple-row racks. However, adequate flue spaces are needed at the edges of these racks in order toallow sufficient water penetration from ceiling sprinklers as well as allow the racks to be treated as open-frame.In addition, if product arrangement on the racks can result in vertical surfaces available for burning insidethe edges of the racks, then arrange the bottom of the racks so they are a minimum of 70% open.

2.2.4.3 Movable Racks

Movable racks are designed to use as much of the available storage space as possible. Usually racks areon tracks and are butted against one another in the aisle face direction. Loading and unloading takes placein the aisle that is open. Loaded racks are located on one or both sides of the aisles, and empty racks maybe located wherever. Protect rack storage in movable racks the same as multiple-row rack storage. Supplyin-rack sprinklers via flexible in-rack sprinkler system connections, or other arrangements that providesufficient water to the in-rack sprinklers.



Table 2.2.4.1 Guidelines for Open-Top Combustible Containers

Sprinkler Type StorageArrangement

CombustibleContainer Type

Guidelines

SuppressionMode

SRR, DRR, MRR Plastic Container,Non-PlasticContainer

Suppression Mode sprinklers are not compatible with open-top combustible containers when the storage is maintainedin a rack storage arrangement

SuppressionMode

Solid-Piled,Palletized, Shelf,

Bin-Box

Plastic Container,Non-PlasticContainer

Protection can be based on the overall commodity ratingwithout consideration for the open-top container

Control ModeSpecific

Application


If open-frame racks, use the protection guidelines based onracks with 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2) solid shelving, except atleast 1 level of IRAS is needed for storage higher than 8 ft(2.4 m)

Control ModeSpecific

Application

Solid-Piled,Palletized, Shelf,

Bin-Box

Plastic Container,Non-PlasticContainer


Control ModeDensity Area


If open-frame racks, use the protection guidelines based onracks with 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2) solid shelving, except atleast 1 level of IRAS is needed for storage higher than 8 ft(2.4 m)



Plastic Container Base the protection on a plastic commodity with nofavorable factors



Non-PlasticContainer



Shelf, Bin-Box Plastic Container,Non-PlasticContainer


2.2.4.4 Retail/Big-Box Warehouse Type Occupancies

Retail/Big-Box warehouse type occupancies are increasingly common for the sale of all types of products.Typically, they have full or partial pallet loads in the top tiers of the racks, which are broken down as neededto replenish individual stock items in the lower tiers. While lower tiers may often have slatted or solid shelving,upper tiers may include slatted, wire mesh or open shelving. Evaluate racks that use solid shelves as such.Note, however, that there are common rack arrangements with certain combinations of slatted, wire mesh, oropen shelves that do not exactly qualify as rack storage with open shelves as described in Appendix A, butthat are permitted to be protected as rack storage with open shelves, described as follows. (Note that theseguidelines may be applied to all cartoned plastics, uncartoned unexpanded plastic, but not to uncartonedexpanded plastic. Note, also, that many of these occupancies contain higher hazard commodities, such asaerosols and flammable and combustible liquids. Evaluate and protect those storages in accordance with theappropriate FM Global specific occupancy data sheet.)

1. Rack storage up to 20 ft (6.0 m) high. Rack storage up to 20 ft (6.0 m) high may be protected as rackstorage with open shelves under the following conditions:

a) Slatted shelves are provided using slats up to 6 in. (150 mm) wide with at least a 2 in. (50 mm) openingbetween each slat, and

b) There are no slatted or solid shelf levels above the 12 ft (3.7 m) height in the rack (although there maybe other open shelf or wire mesh shelf levels above), and

c) Transverse flue spaces at least 3 in. (75 mm) wide are provided at least every 10 ft (3.0 m) horizontally.

Longitudinal flues spaces are not needed if slatted shelf openings and transverse flue spaces run completelythrough the racks.



2.3 Fire Protection

2.3.1 General

A key consideration when evaluating fire protection for a storage facility is whether it is proposed or existing.For proposed buildings, there may be a wide range of options available, most of which are related to whattype of ceiling sprinkler and/or combination of ceiling and in-rack sprinklers will be used. For proposedbuildings, whenever possible, every consideration should be given to using Suppression Mode or ControlMode Specific Application sprinklers due to 1) their superior performance over Control Mode Density Areasprinklers in fighting storage fires, and 2) the operational flexibility they often provide in accommodatingchanging commodities and storage arrangements. Other incentives may exist depending on the conditionsinvolved. In almost all cases, it is worthwhile in the planning stages to coordinate construction, occupancy andprotection details so that Suppression Mode or Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers can be used.

For existing buildings, the goal is to either 1) show by analysis that existing protection is adequate or 2)determine what recommendations, alternatives or other options may be available to correct a sprinklerprotection-related deficiency.

In addition to the recommendations in this data sheet, follow all sprinkler installation guidelines relevant tothe type of sprinkler used. Data sheets covering these guidelines are:

• Suppression Mode: Data Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression Mode Automatic Sprinklers

• Control Mode Specific Application: Data Sheet 2-7, Installation Rules for Sprinkler Systems Using ControlMode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinklers

• Control Mode Density Area: Data Sheet 2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA)

Also, for facilities located in seismic active regions, reference Data Sheet 2-8, Earthquake Protection forWater-Based Fire Protection Systems for proper installation and protection against seismic activity.

The following table contains notes referenced in various tables in Section 2.0.

NoteNumber Note Text Affected Table(s)

1 For Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities stored no more than 25 ft (7.5 m) high, spacingof non-extended coverage type Control Mode Density Area sprinklers may beincreased up to 130 ft2 (12 m2) for sprinkler demands of a 0.25 gpm / ft2 (10 mm /min) density or less.

2.3.3.2

2 Locate the in-rack sprinklers vertically so that approximately equal heights of storageare protected by each level of in-rack sprinklers as well as the ceiling sprinklers.

2.3.4.2

3 The in-rack sprinklers should be quick-response rack storage type having aminimum K-factor of 8.0 (115) and designed to provide a minimum flow of 60 gpm(230 l / min). They should be located vertically at the top of the tier closest to themidpoint of storage, and horizontally at the intersection of every longitudinal andtransverse flue space.

2.3.4.3

4 The in-rack sprinklers should be quick-response rack storage type having aminimum K-factor of 8.0 (115).

2.3.7.2.4

5 See Section 2.3.7.2 for details concerning Fire Protection Scheme A. All6 This design is based on the most remote 6 sprinklers on the most remote 6

branchlines.2.3.7.4a, 2.3.7.4p

7 This design is based on full-scale fire testing conducted by FM Global. Specifics ofthe testing and the type of sprinkler system utilized are confidential and can only bediscussed with FM Global clients. Any sprinkler system using this design must bereviewed by FM Global (this service only available to FM Global clients) and foundto be in full compliance with all applicable FM Global guidelines in order to beconsidered acceptable for insurance purposes.

2.3.7.4a, 2.3.7.4p

8 This design of 18 sprinklers providing a minimum pressure of 50 psi (3.5 bar) isbased strictly on the presence of 160°F (70°C) nominally rated Control ModeSpecific Application sprinklers having a K-factor of 11.2 (160).

2.3.7.4d, 2.3.7.4g,2.3.7.4j, 2.3.7.4r

9 When Control Mode Density Area sprinklers having a minimum K-factor of 11.2 (160)are utilized, the demand area for the given density may be reduced to 2,000 ft2 (185m2) for a wet system or 2,600 ft2 (240 m2) for a dry system.

2.3.7.3d, 2.3.7.3e,2.3.7.3r



10 This in-rack sprinkler arrangement, which allows for the omission of face sprinklers,only applies to wet-pipe sprinkler systems and racks with a maximum depth of 9 ft(2.7 m). Protect racks deeper than 9 ft (2.7 m) by other arrangements thatincorporate face sprinklers.

2.3.7.3j

11 This design of 12 A.S. @ 60 psi (4.1 bar) is applicable for only shelf and bin-boxstorage as well as either solid-piled or palletized storage that is in a “closed” array.

2.3.7.5h

12 Steel column protection may be needed when ceiling-only sprinkler protection isprovided.

2.3.7.3a, 2.3.7.3b,2.3.7.3c, 2.3.7.3d,2.3.7.3e, 2.3.7.3r

13 This design only applies to Cartoned and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plasticcommodities.

2.3.7.4j, 2.3.7.4q,2.3.7.4r

2.3.2 Sprinkler System Types

2.3.2.1 Wet and Dry Systems

Depending on the type of sprinkler used, system type can be wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction, or refrigeratedarea, as follows: (Note that gridded piping configurations are not allowed for dry-pipe, preaction andrefrigerated area systems due to the excessive time it takes for water to reach opened sprinklers.)

Suppression Mode sprinklers can be used only in wet-pipe systems. Use with dry-pipe, preaction andrefrigerated area systems is unacceptable.

Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers can be used in wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction and refrigeratedarea systems, depending on the application involved and the k-factor of the sprinkler. Only K11.2 (K160)sprinklers are presently permitted in dry-pipe, preaction and refrigerated area systems. See the protectiontables in Section 2.3.7.4 for other restrictions in application for dry-pipe systems (and preaction systemswhich use dry-pipe system water demands). Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers may be used inrefrigerated area systems on the same basis for dry-pipe systems. The protection guidelines in this data sheetdo not apply to ECLH or ECOH Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers.

Control Mode Density Area sprinklers can be used in wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction and refrigerated areasystems.

2.3.2.2 Preaction Systems

Design preaction systems in accordance with all guidelines in Data Sheet 2-8N, Installation of SprinklerSystems (NFPA), and, where appropriate, the additional guidance in Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage.

Use only single-interlock type preaction sprinkler systems with nongridded piping arrangements for theprotection options provided in this data sheet.

Water demands for preaction sprinkler systems will be based on either wet-pipe or dry-pipe systems,depending on the spacing of the heat detection devices located at the ceiling. See Data Sheet 2-8N,Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA), to determine system type based on detector spacing.

2.3.2.3 Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems

Design a refrigerated area sprinkler system in accordance with all guidelines in Data Sheet 2-8N, Installationof Sprinkler Systems (NFPA), and Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage. Sprinkler system designs are thesame as for dry-pipe systems.

See Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage, regarding the installation requirements of heat detectors forrefrigerated area systems.

2.3.3 Ceiling Sprinklers

2.3.3.1 Sprinkler Types

Suppression Mode sprinklers are used at ceiling level and have a 160°F (70°C) nominal temperature ratingand nominal K-factors of either 14.0 (200), 16.8 (235), 22.4 (315) or 25.2 (360). At the present time, the K14.0(K200) and K16.8 (K235) sprinklers are available in both pendent and upright configurations, whereas theK22.4 (K310) and K25.2 (K360) sprinklers are available only in a pendent configuration. The temperaturerating of the sprinklers may be higher than 160°F (70°C) in spot areas as outlined in Data Sheet 2-2,Installation Rules for Suppression Mode Automatic Sprinklers.



Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers are used at ceiling level and have K-factors of either 11.2 (160)or 16.8 (235). They should have either a 280°F (140°C) or 160°F (70°C) nominal temperature rating forwet-pipe systems and a 280°F (140°C) nominal rating for dry-pipe systems.

Control Mode Density Area sprinklers may be used either at ceiling level or as in-rack sprinklers (see Section2.3.4 for more information on their use as in-rack sprinklers). Control Mode Density Area sprinklers, whenused for protection options within this data sheet, are presently available in nominal temperature ratings of160°F (70°C), 212°F (100°C), and 280°F (140°C) and K-factor values of 11.2 (160), 14.0 (200), 16.8 (235) and25.2 EC (360 EC). Control Mode Density Area sprinklers having nominal temperature ratings of 212°F(100°C) are treated the same as nominally rated 280°F (140°C) sprinklers for protection options within thisdata sheet, unless otherwise noted. Reference the Approval Guide for acceptable temperature ratings ofeach K-factor type sprinkler.

Ceiling-level K5.6 (K80) and K8.0 (K115) sprinklers are no longer recommended (they are, however, stillpermissible) for use in storage occupancies. However, unless used to protect rack storage over 25 ft (7.5m) high , use a nominal temperature rating of 280°F (140°C) for these sprinklers. For rack storage over 25ft (7.5 m) high, use a nominal temperature rating of 160°F (70°C), 212°F (100°C), or 280°F (140°C).

Do not use on-off type sprinklers for the protection options listed in this data sheet.

2.3.3.2 Spacing

Space ceiling sprinklers in accordance with Table 2.3.3.2.

Table 2.3.3.2 Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing

Sprinkler Type K-FactorBuilding

Height, ft (m)

MinimumLinear

Spacing, ft (m)

MaximumLinear

Spacing, ft (m)

Minimum AreaSpacing,ft2 (m2)

Maximum AreaSpacing,ft2 (m2)

SuppressionMode

14.0 (200),16.8 (235),22.4 (310),25.2 (360)

≤ 30 (9.0) 8 (2.4) 12 (3.6) 64 (6.0) 100 (9.0)

SuppressionMode

14.0 (200),16.8 (235),22.4 (310),25.2 (360)

30 (9.0) <Building Height

≤ 45 (13.5)

8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 64 (6.0) 100 (9.0)

Control ModeSpecificApplication

11.2 (160),16.8 (235)

≤ 50 (15.0) 8 (2.4) 12 (3.6) 80 (7.5) 100 (9.0)


5.6 (80) ≥ 5 (1.5) 7 (2.1) 12 (3.6) 50 (4.5) 100 (9.0);Note 1


8.0 (115), 11.2(160), 14.0(200), 16.8

(235)

≥ 5 (1.5) 7 (2.1) 12 (3.6) 70 (6.5) 100 (9.0);Note 1


25.2 EC (360EC)

≥ 5 (1.5) 10 (3.0) 14 (4.2) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.0)

Note 1: For Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities stored no more than 25 ft (7.5 m) high, spacing of non-extended coverage type Control ModeDensity Area sprinklers may be increased up to 130 ft2 (12.0 m2) for sprinkler demands of a 0.25 gpm/ft2 (10 mm/min) density or less.



2.3.3.3 Minimum Required Operating Ceiling Sprinkler Pressures

Use Table 2.3.3.3 to determine the minimum operating pressure for any ceiling sprinkler.

Table 2.3.3.3 Minimum Sprinkler Pressure Requirements, psi (bar)

Sprinkler TypeBldg Height,

ft (m)

K-factor14.0 (200)

Upright14.0 (200)Pendent

16.8 (235)Upright

16.8 (235)Pendent

22.4 (310)Pendent

25.2 (360)Pendent

Suppression Mode 30 (9.0) 50 (3.5) 50 (3.5) 35 (2.4) 35 (2.4) 25 (1.7) 20 (1.4)32 (9.6) 60 (4.1) 60 (4.1) 42 (2.9) 42 (2.9) 30 (2.1) 25 (1.7)

35 (10.5) 75 (5.2) 75 (5.2) 52 (3.6) 52 (3.6) 35 (2.4) 30 (2.1)40 (12.2) DNA 75 (5.2) DNA 52 (3.6) 45 (3.1) 40 (2.7)45 (13.5) DNA 90 (6.2) DNA 63 (4.3) 50 (3.5) 50 (3.5)

Control ModeSpecific Application

K11.2 (160) - 25 psi (1.7 bar)K16.8 (235) - 10 psi (0.7 bar)


Any K-factor - 7 psi (0.5 bar)

2.3.3.4 Extension of Hydraulic Design

Extend the hydraulic design for storage occupancies at least 15 ft (4.5 m) beyond all edges of the storage,or to a wall, whenever there is mixed use occupancy. Whenever two adjacent storage occupancies areprotected differently, extend the design for the higher hazard 15 ft (4.5 m) into the lower hazard area, ratherthan vice-versa.

2.3.3.5 Mixing of Different Sprinklers Within The Same Protected Area

Do not mix different types of sprinklers (Suppression Mode, Control Mode Specific Application or ControlMode Density Area) on the same type of sprinkler system (ceiling or in-rack) within the same protected area.

Do not mix sprinklers having different K-factors on the same type of system (ceiling or in-rack) within thesame protected area.

Do not mix sprinklers having different temperature ratings (160°F [70°C] or 280°F [140°C]) on the same typeof system (ceiling or in-rack) within the same protected area.

Do not mix sprinklers having different response time index (RTI) values on the same type of system (ceilingor in-rack) within the same protected area unless otherwise permitted by this data sheet. When quick-response ceiling-level sprinklers are installed adjacent to an area protected by standard-response ceiling-levelsprinklers, a draft curtain should be installed, with a clear space below, in accordance with Data Sheet 1-19,Fire Walls, Subdivisions and Draft Curtains. This applies in all cases when the roofs over the two areas areat the same elevations or when the quick-response ceiling-level sprinklers are at a higher elevation than thestandard-response ceiling-level sprinklers. The draft curtains should extend at least 2 ft (0.6 m) below theceiling, be noncombustible and fit tightly against the underside of the roof. (Openings created by channels inribbed roof deck are not a concern. Openings created by channels between Z-purlins or other structuralmembers are a concern.) Maintain a clear aisle of at least 4 ft (1.2 m) centered beneath the draft curtain(2 ft [0.6 m] on each side). Quick-response (typically Suppression Mode) sprinklers may operate unnecessarilyand deplete water supplies if a fire occurs in the area protected by other, standard-response type sprinklersunless physical separation between the two areas is provided. Solid beams, girders or other structuralfeatures which meet the above criteria will provide acceptable separation.

2.3.4 In-Rack Sprinklers (IRAS)

Protection options for rack storage arrangements are based on either ceiling-only sprinkler systems or acombination of both ceiling-level and in-rack sprinkler systems.

To properly implement the in-rack sprinkler requirements of this data sheet, use the protection tables inSections 2.3.7.3, 2.3.7.4 or 2.3.7.5 to determine whether in-rack sprinklers are required. For rack storagearrangements up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by ceiling-level Control Mode Density Area sprinklers, or rackstorage arrangements of any permissible height protected by ceiling-level Suppression Mode or ControlMode Specific Application sprinklers, the protection tables in this data sheet indicate in-rack sprinklers are



needed when the ceiling-level design is followed by a numerical value (1, 2, 3 or 1 @ every tier level)representing the number of level(s) of in-rack sprinklers required. In-rack sprinklers are mandatory for rackstorage arrangements over 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by ceiling-level Control Mode Density Area sprinklers.

This data sheet provides figures for some rack storage arrangements to assist in the proper location andspacing of in-rack sprinklers. Figures are provided for (1) multiple-row rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) highprotected by ceiling-level Control Mode Density Area sprinklers, (2) all rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) highprotected by ceiling-level Control Mode Density Area sprinklers, and (3) rack storage arrangements requiringFire Protection Scheme A protection (see Section 2.3.7.2).

If in-rack sprinklers are required, Section 2.3.4.1 provides information on the in-rack sprinklers available foruse and the types of systems they can be installed on. Section 2.3.4.2.1 provides general guidelines on thespacing, positioning and location of the in-rack sprinklers. The protection tables and/or associated figures willindicate how many levels of in-rack sprinklers are required and Section 2.3.4.2.2 will indicate how many linesof in-rack sprinklers are needed at each required level, depending on the depth of the rack. Section 2.3.4.2.3addresses the specific spacing requirements of the in-rack sprinklers while Section 2.3.4.3 provides therequired design of the in-rack sprinkler system.

This data sheet provides two types of protection arrangements involving in-rack sprinklers; those withhorizontal barriers and those without. The use of a horizontal barrier reduces the number of in-rack sprinklersrequired per level; however it does not reduce the required number of in-rack levels. Except for Fire ProtectionScheme A (see Section 2.3.7.2), horizontal barriers are typically only used in open-frame storage racks over25 ft (7.5 m) high with Control Mode Density Area sprinklers at ceiling level.

2.3.4.1 In-Rack Sprinkler Type

In-rack sprinkler systems can be wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction or refrigerated area. Note that gridded pipingconfigurations should not be used for dry-pipe, preaction or refrigerated area systems.

Use nominally rated 160°F (70°C) FM Approved (see Appendix A for definition of in-rack sprinkler under theterm ‘‘Rack Sprinklers’’) in-rack sprinklers (equipped with an integral water shield) having a minimum K-factorof 8.0 (115). Although still permissible, K5.6 (K80) in-rack sprinklers are no longer recommended for useas in-rack sprinklers.

Unless indicated otherwise in this data sheet, nominally rated 160°F (70°C) standard-response orquick-response in-rack sprinklers are equally acceptable.

When fixed solid shelves or horizontal barriers shield in-rack sprinklers from water discharge by sprinklersabove, or when only one level of in-rack sprinklers is installed, sprinklers without water shields may be used(though it is still preferable to use in-rack type sprinklers).

On-off type sprinklers should not be used.

2.3.4.2 Spacing, Positioning and Location of In-Rack Sprinklers

2.3.4.2.1 General

To be effective, in-rack sprinklers must be located within the rack storage array at transverse flue spaceswith the sprinkler’s deflector positioned above the top of storage as well as at or below the rack’s horizontalmembers. In addition, in-rack sprinklers must be properly staggered. When there is more than one level ofin-rack sprinklers (longitudinal or face) and there are no horizontal barriers present and the in-racks arelocated at every other transverse flue space, the in-rack sprinklers must be staggered vertically. When facein-rack sprinklers are provided and they are located at every other transverse flue space, the face sprinklersmust be staggered horizontally.

Longitudinal in-rack sprinklers are located within the longitudinal flue spaces of a double-row or multiple-rowrack, or down the middle of a single-row rack. Arrange these sprinklers so they are positioned within 3 in.(75 mm) horizontally of the transverse flue space they are intended to protect and not located directly behindrack uprights.

Face in-rack sprinklers are located within the rack storage array at transverse flue spaces no more than18 in. (450 mm) horizontally from the face of the rack and at least 3 in. (75 mm) horizontally from rack uprights.

To reduce the likelihood of damaged in-rack sprinklers or sprinkler piping, locate in-rack sprinklers so theyare protected from mechanical damage, but also meet the guidelines outlined in this section. The sprinkler



piping can be placed behind horizontal rack members. Prior to any in-rack sprinkler installation, check theproposed sprinkler locations to ensure that both adequate protection against mechanical damage and propersprinkler discharge will be achieved.

2.3.4.2.2 Number of Lines per Level

This section does not apply to rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by Control Mode Density Areasprinklers. For rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by Control Mode Density Area sprinklers, usethe appropriate figure in Section 2.3.7.3 in combination with the guidelines provided within Sections 2.3.4.2.1and 2.3.4.2.4 for the required in-rack sprinkler spacing, positioning and location.

Single-Row and Double-Row (9 ft [2.7 m] wide or less) Rack Storage Arrangements

When single-row and double-row (9 ft [2.7 m] wide or less) rack storage arrangements up to 25 ft (7.5 m)high protected by ceiling-level Control Mode Density Area sprinklers require in-rack sprinklers, one line ofin-rack sprinklers is needed down the center of the rack (longitudinal flue of the double row rack) for each levelof in-rack sprinklers required. Space the in-rack sprinklers horizontally and vertically per Table 2.3.4.2. Whensolid shelves are present and the in-rack spacing from Table 2.3.4.2 is 10 ft (3.0 m), provide all transverseflue spaces with openings between the defined shelf area (typically at the rack uprights) with in-rack sprinklers.

These same guidelines apply to single-row and double-row (9 ft [2.7 m] wide or less) rack storagearrangements up to any permissible storage height protected by ceiling-level Suppression Mode (solid shelvesnot permissible) or Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers.

Double-Row Rack Storage Arrangements Over 9 ft (2.7 m) and up to 12 ft (3.7 m) Wide

When double-row rack storage arrangements greater than 9 ft (2.7 m) and up to 12 ft (3.7 m) wide with storageup to 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by ceiling-level Control Mode Density Area sprinklers require in-racksprinklers, two lines of in-rack sprinklers are needed for each level of in-rack sprinklers required. At eachlevel locate the in-rack sprinklers symmetrically so that the distance between the two lines and the distanceof the two lines from the aisle faces are approximately equal. Space the in-rack sprinklers horizontally andvertically per Table 2.3.4.2. When solid shelves are present and the in-rack spacing from Table 2.3.4.2 is 10 ft(3.0 m), provide all transverse flue spaces with openings between the defined shelf area (typically at therack uprights) with in-rack sprinklers.

These same guidelines apply to double-row rack storage arrangements greater than 9 ft (2.7 m) and up to12 ft (3.7 m) wide with storage up to any permissible storage height protected by ceiling-level SuppressionMode (solid shelves not permissible) or Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers.

Double-Row Racks Over 12 ft (3.7 m) Wide and Multiple-Row Rack Storage Arrangements

When double-row racks greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) wide and multiple-row rack storage arrangements bothup to 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by ceiling-level Control Mode Density Area sprinklers require in-racksprinklers, use Table 2.3.4.2, Figures 2.3.4.2(a), (b), (c) or (d), and the guidelines provided in this section andSection 2.3.4.2.1 to determine the proper spacing, positioning and location of in-rack sprinklers. These figuresuse pallet loads to represent nominal transverse flue spaces in the Plan View and nominal tier heights inthe Elevation View. Each pallet load represents a nominal 5 ft (1.5 m) length, both horizontally and vertically.

For the horizontal spacing of the in-rack sprinklers, the figures indicate in-rack sprinklers are needed at everytransverse flue space. For transverse flue spaces greater than 8 ft (2.4 m) apart, install the in-rack sprinklersat the horizontal midpoints between every transverse flue space as well as at every transverse flue space. Themaximum horizontal spacing between in-rack sprinklers within the same transverse flue space should be10 ft (3.0 m) for Figures 2.3.7.3(a), (b) and (d), and 5 ft (1.5 m) for Figure 2.3.7.3(c). The in-rack sprinklerclosest to the loading aisle, as shown in the figures, should be no more than 18 in. (450 mm) from the faceof the rack. See Table 2.3.4.2 for the required vertical spacing of the in-rack sprinklers.

When double-row racks greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) wide and multiple-row rack storage arrangements bothup to any permissible storage height protected by ceiling-level Control Mode Specific Application orSuppression Mode sprinklers require in-rack sprinklers, locate and space in-rack sprinklers per Table 2.3.4.2in combination with the guidelines provided within this section and Section 2.3.4.2.1.



2.3.4.2.3 In-Rack Spacing per Table 2.3.4.2

A maximum linear spacing of 5 ft (1.5 m) in Table 2.3.4.2 represents in-rack sprinklers installed at everytransverse flue space horizontally. A maximum linear spacing of 10 ft (3.0 m) in Table 2.3.4.2 representsin-rack sprinklers installed at every other transverse flue space horizontally.

If Table 2.3.4.2 indicates a maximum linear spacing of 5 ft (1.5 m) is required and the distance betweentransverse flue spaces is less than 5 ft (1.5 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at every transverse flue space.If Table 2.3.4.2 indicates a maximum linear spacing of 5 ft (1.5 m) is required and the distance betweentransverse flue spaces is greater than 5 ft (1.5 m) but less than or equal to 8 ft (2.4 m), install the in-racksprinklers at every transverse flue space. If Table 2.3.4.2 indicates a maximum linear spacing of 5 ft (1.5 m)is required and the distance between transverse flue spaces is greater than 8 ft (2.4 m), install the in-racksprinklers at the horizontal midpoints between every transverse flue space as well as at every transverse fluespace.

Figure 2.3.4.2(a) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with One Level of In-Rack Sprinklers Required.

Figure 2.3.4.2(b) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with More than One Level of In-Rack Sprinklers Required(Option A).



Figure 2.3.4.2(c) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with More than One Level of In-Rack Sprinklers Required(Option B).

Figure 2.3.4.2(d) Multiple-Row Racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) High with Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2).



If Table 2.3.4.2 indicates a maximum linear spacing of 10 ft (3.0 m) is required and the distance betweenevery other transverse flue space is less than 10 ft (3.0 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at every othertransverse flue space. If Table 2.3.4.2 indicates a maximum linear spacing of 10 ft (3.0 m) is required and thedistance between every other transverse flue space is greater than 10 ft (3.0 m) and does not exceed 12ft (3.7 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at every other transverse flue space. If Table 2.3.4.2 indicates amaximum linear spacing of 10 ft (3.0 m) is required and the distance between every other transverse fluespace exceeds 12 ft (3.7 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at every transverse flue space.

If a protection table indicates that the number of in-rack sprinklers needed is ‘‘1 Level at Every Tier’’, seeAppendix A for the definition of the term Tier in this application.

Table 2.3.4.2 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing

Sprinkler Type Storage Height, ft

(m)

Storage Arrangement In-Rack Sprinkler

Levels Needed

Max. Linear

Spacing,

ft (m)

Max. Area

Spacing,

ft2 (m2)

Vertical Spacing

Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) SRR, DRR 1 Level 5 (1.5) DNA 1⁄2 Storage Height

Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) MRR 1 Level 5 (1.5) 25 (2.3) 1⁄2 Storage Height

Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) SRR, DRR 2 Levels, 3 Levels, 1

Level at Every Tier

5 (1.5) DNA Note 2

Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) MRR 2 Levels, 3 Levels, 1

Level at Every Tier

5 (1.5) 25 (2.3) Note 2

Control Mode Specific

Application

≤ 35 (10.5) SRR, DRR 1 Level 10 (3.0) DNA 1⁄2 to 2⁄3 Storage

Height


Application

≤ 35 (10.5) MRR 1 Level 10 (3.0) 50 (4.5) 1⁄2 to 2⁄3 Storage

Height


Application

≤ 35 (10.5) SRR, DRR 2 Levels, 3 Levels, 1

Level at Every Tier

10 (3.0) DNA Note 2


Application

≤ 35 (10.5) MRR 2 Levels, 3 Levels, 1

Level at Every Tier

10 (3.0) 50 (4.5) Note 2

Control Mode Density

Area

≤ 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR 1 Level 10 (3.0) DNA 1⁄2 to 2⁄3 Storage

Height


Area

≤ 25 (7.5) MRR 1 Level See Figures in

Section 2.3.4.2

See Figures in

Section 2.3.4.2

1⁄2 to 2⁄3 Storage

Height


Area

≤ 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR 2 Levels, 3 Levels, 1

Level at Every Tier

10 (3.0) DNA Note 2


Area

≤ 25 (7.5) MRR 2 Levels, 3 Levels, 1

Level at Every Tier

See Figures in

Section 2.3.4.2

See Figures in

Section 2.3.4.2

Note 2


Area

> 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR, MRR See Figures in

Section 2.3.7.3

See Figures in

Section 2.3.7.3

See Figures in

Section 2.3.7.3

See Figures in

Section 2.3.7.3

Note 2: Locate the in-rack sprinklers vertically so that approximately equal heights of storage are protected by each level of in-rack sprinklersas well as the ceiling sprinklers.

2.3.4.2.4 In-Rack Spacing for Rack Storage Over 25 ft (7.5 m) Protected by Ceiling-Level Control ModeDensity Area Sprinklers

For rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by Control Mode Density Area sprinklers, figures in Section2.3.7.3 are used to represent the proper spacing, positioning and location of in-rack sprinklers. These figuresuse pallet loads to represent nominal longitudinal and transverse flue spaces in the Plan View and nominaltier heights in the Elevation View. Each pallet load represents a nominal 5 ft (1.5 m) length, both horizontallyand vertically.

If a figure indicates in-rack sprinklers are needed at every transverse flue space, install the in-rack sprinklersat every transverse flue space. For transverse flue spaces greater than 8 ft (2.4 m) apart, install the in-racksprinklers at the horizontal midpoints between every transverse flue space as well as at every transverseflue space.

If a figure indicates in-rack sprinklers are needed at every other transverse flue space, install the in-racksprinklers at every other transverse flue space unless this distance exceeds 12 ft (3.7 m). If the distancebetween every other transverse flue space exceeds 12 ft (3.7 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at everytransverse flue space.



Choose the levels at which in-rack sprinklers are installed per the appropriate figure in Section 2.3.7.3. Themaximum vertical distance between in-rack sprinkler levels (or the floor and the first level of in-rack sprinklers)is the number of pallet loads indicated in the figure multiplied by 5 ft (1.5 m) plus 1 ft (0.3 m).

2.3.4.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Hydraulic Design

Design in-rack sprinkler systems to supply the most hydraulically remote number of sprinklers per Table2.3.4.3.

Balance the in-rack sprinkler system water demand with the ceiling sprinkler water demand at the point wherethe two systems are connected.

Unless indicated otherwise, the minimum allowable operating pressure of in-rack sprinklers is 7 psi (0.5 bar).



Table 2.3.4.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Design Criteria

Sprinkler Type Storage Height,ft (m)

Commodity In-Rack LevelsProvided

IRAS Design: No.of Sprinklers per

Level

IRAS Design:Min. Flow, gpm

(l/min)Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) Class 1, Class 2,

Class 3, Class 4,Plastics

1 Level 8 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 3

Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3, Class 4,

Plastics

2 Levels, 3Levels, 1 Level at

Every Tier

8 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 3


≤ 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

1 Level 6 on 1 Level 22 (85)


≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4 1 Level 8 on 1 Level 22 (85)


≤ 25 (7.5) Plastics 1 Level 8 on 1 Level 30 (115)




Every Tier

5 on 2 Levels(10 Total)

22 (85)


≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4 2 Levels, 3Levels, 1 Level at

Every Tier


22 (85)


≤ 25 (7.5) Plastics 2 Levels, 3Levels, 1 Level at

Every Tier


30 (115)


> 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3



> 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics 1 Level 8 on 1 Level 30 (115)




Every Tier


30 (115)


> 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics 2 Levels, 3Levels, 1 Level at

Every Tier


30 (115)





≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4 1 Level 8 on 1 Level 22 (85)


≤ 25 (7.5) Plastics 1 Level 8 on 1 Level 30 (115)




Every Tier


22 (85)


≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4 2 Levels, 3Levels, 1 Level at

Every Tier


22 (85)


≤ 25 (7.5) Plastics 2 Levels, 3Levels, 1 Level at

Every Tier


30 (115)





> 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics 1 Level 8 on 1 Level 30 (115)



More than 1Level


30 (115)


> 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics More than 1Level


30 (115)

Note 3: The in-rack sprinklers should be quick-response rack storage type having a minimum K-factor of 8.0 (115) and designed to providea minimum flow of 60 gpm (230 l/min). They should be located vertically at the top of the tier closest to the midpoint of storage, andhorizontally at the intersection of every longitudinal and transverse flue space.



2.3.5 Hose Demands and Connections

2.3.5.1 Hose Demand

Allow a total hose stream demand per Table 2.3.5.1. Allow at least 100 gpm (380 l/min) for inside hosestreams. Add hose stream allowances to the sprinkler demand at the point of connection.

Table 2.3.5.1 Hose Demand

Sprinkler TypeStorage

Height,ft (m) Storage Arrangement Commodity

HoseDemand,gpm

(l/min)Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box,

SRR, DRR, MRRClass 1, Class 2, Class 3,

Class 4, Plastics250 (950)


≤ 12 (3.7) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Class 1, Class 2, Class 3,Class 4

250 (950)


> 12 (3.7) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Class 1, Class 2, Class 3,Class 4

500 (1900)


≤ 35 (10.5) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Plastics 500 (1900)


≤ 35 (10.5) SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2, Class 3,Class 4, Plastics

500 (1900)



250 (950)


> 12 (3.7) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Class 1, Class 2, Class 3,Class 4

500 (1900)


≥ 5 (1.5) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Plastics 500 (1900)


≥ 5 (1.5) SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2, Class 3,Class 4, Plastics

500 (1900)

2.3.5.2 Hose Connections

Provide permanent small hose lines (11⁄2 in. [40 mm]) not exceeding 100 ft (30 m) in length, capable ofreaching all storage areas to aid in firefighting and for mop-up operations. Small hose may be supplied fromany of the following:

1. A separate piping system for small hose stations

2. Valved hose connections on sprinkler risers where such connections are made upstream from allsprinkler control valves

3. Adjacent sprinkler systems

4. Ceiling sprinklers in the protected area when separately controlled in-rack sprinklers are provided

It may be preferable from an operations standpoint to locate hose stations on the ends of racks or storagepiles, and not in aisles.

In freezers, or other areas subject to freezing, consider the number, location and arrangement of hosestations.

2.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies

Ensure water supplies are capable of providing combined sprinkler (ceiling and in-rack) and hose streamdemands at adequate pressure per Table 2.3.6.



Table 2.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies

Sprinkler TypeStorage

Height, ft (m) Storage Arrangement Commodity Duration (hr)Suppression Mode ≤ 40 (12.2) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box,

SRR, DRR, MRRClass 1, Class 2, Class 3,

Class 4, Plastics1.0



1.0


> 12 (3.7) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 1.5


> 12 (3.7) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Class 4 2.0


≤ 35 (10.5) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Plastics 2.0


≤ 35 (10.5) SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 1.5


≤ 35 (10.5) SRR, DRR, MRR Class 4, Plastics 2.0



1.0


> 12 (3.7) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 1.5


> 12 (3.7) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Class 4 2.0


≥ 5 (1.5) Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, Bin-Box Plastics 2.0


≥ 5 (1.5) SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 1.5


≥ 5 (1.5) SRR, DRR, MRR Class 4, Plastics 2.0

2.3.7 Ceiling Sprinkler System Design Criteria

2.3.7.1 General

The various tables and associated text in this section will allow the determination of sprinkler system designcriteria. Each table presents available protection options for Suppression Mode, Control Mode SpecificApplication and Control Mode Density Area sprinklers. Apply all interpolations and adjustments to ControlMode Density Area sprinklers as indicated in Section 2.3.7.3.

2.3.7.2 Fire Protection Scheme A

The intent of Fire Protection Scheme A is to allow for the use of a particular sprinkler type, usually eitherSuppression Mode or Control Mode Specific Application, that is compatible with both the building height andthe storage height of a facility, but is not compatible with a small portion of the commodity that is beingmaintained within the storage area. By segregating the non-compatible commodities into a storage rack andproviding the rack with this protection scheme, the remainder of the storage area can then be protected bythe particular sprinkler type based on the protection needed for the next lower hazard commodity.

When the protection tables indicate that Fire Protection Scheme A is an option (listed as ‘‘Scheme A’’ in thecell of the table), other options may also be available if the current storage arrangement is either solid-piledor palletized. Other potentially less stringent rack storage arrangements may also be options and shouldbe explored before committing to Fire Protection Scheme A.

Fire Protection Scheme A utilizes horizontal barriers in combination with quick-response sprinklers to controlthe fire.

The horizontal barriers should preferably be noncombustible, using minimum 22 ga. (0.7 mm) sheet metal.However, minimum 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) plywood can be utilized as well. The barriers should span horizontallythe entire width and depth of rack bays, cover all longitudinal flue spaces and have a maximum 3 in. (75 mm)wide opening at rack uprights. Install the barriers vertically at every other tier level, unless the designatedrack has solid shelves or the vertical distance between every other tier exceeds 12 ft (3.7 m). For theseconditions install the horizontal barriers at every tier level.



Install minimum K8.0 (K115) FM Approved quick-response in-rack sprinklers beneath each barrier as shownin Figures 2.3.7.2a, 2.3.7.2b, 2.3.7.2c and 2.3.7.2d. The deflector of the sprinkler should be located amaximum distance of 7 in. (175 mm) below the barrier and a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) above the top ofstorage.

Figures 2.3.7.2(a), (b), (c) and (d) use pallet loads to help represent the proper spacing, positioning andlocation of in-rack sprinklers. Each pallet load represents a nominal 5 ft (1.5 m) length, both horizontally andvertically. Use the following guidelines as well as the guidelines in Section 2.3.4.2.1 in combination with thefigures to determine the proper spacing, positioning and location of the in-rack sprinklers.

If a figure indicates in-rack sprinklers are needed at every transverse flue space, install the in-rack sprinklersat every transverse flue space. For transverse flue spaces greater than 8 ft (2.4 m) apart, install the in-racksprinklers at the horizontal midpoints between every transverse flue space as well as at every transverseflue space.

If a figure indicates in-rack sprinklers are needed at every other transverse flue space, install the in-racksprinklers at every other transverse flue space unless this distance exceeds 12 ft (3.7 m). If the distancebetween every other transverse flue space exceeds 12 ft (3.7 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at everytransverse flue space.

Design the in-rack sprinkler system to provide a minimum flow of 60 gpm (230 l/min) from each of the mosthydraulically remote 6 sprinklers for single-row racks or 8 sprinklers for double-row and multiple-row racks.Include an allowance of 500 gpm (1900 l/min) for manual hose stream application. Provide the combinedwater demand (in-rack and hose stream) for at least 2 hours.

With this level of protection, the ceiling sprinkler system does not have to be included in the design outlinedabove; however it should be capable of providing the required protection for the surrounding occupancy.

Table 2.3.7.2. Fire Protection Scheme A

SegregatedStorage

ArrangementIRAS Design: No.

of Sprinklers

IRAS Design:Min. Flow, gpm

(l/min) Figure No.Hose Demand,

gpm (l/min) Duration, hr.SRR 6 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 4 2.3.7.2a, 2.3.7.2b 500 (1900) 2.0DRR 8 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 4 2.3.7.2c 500 (1900) 2.0MRR 8 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 4 2.3.7.2d 500 (1900) 2.0

Note 4: The in-rack sprinklers should be quick-response rack storage type having a minimum K-factor of 8.0 (115).

2.3.7.3. Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers

The protection options using Control Mode Density Area sprinklers are provided in Tables 2.3.7.3(a) through2.3.7.3(s) as follows:

• Tables 2.3.7.3(a) through 2.3.7.3(f) are dedicated to rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high. These tablesmay require interpolation and/or adjustments to the indicated values as outlined in Section 2.3.7.3.1.

• Tables 2.3.7.3(g) through 2.3.7.3(o) are dedicated to rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high. These tablesmay require adjustments to the indicated values as outlined in Section 2.3.7.3.1.

• Tables 2.3.7.3(p) through 2.3.7.3(s) are dedicated to solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storagearrangements. These tables may require interpolation and/or adjustments to the indicated values asoutlined in Section 2.3.7.3.1.

Once a finalized density and demand area are determined, reference Sections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 to determinethe required hose stream allowance and duration timeframe, respectively, for the chosen protection scheme.If in-rack sprinklers are needed, see Section 2.3.4.3 for their design criteria and Sections 2.3.4.2.1 through2.3.4.2.4 for their proper spacing, positioning and location. Additional information regarding ceiling and in-racksprinklers can be found in Sections 2.3.3 and 2.3.4, respectively.



Figure 2.3.7.2(a) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Single-Row Racks (Option A)



Figure 2.3.7.2(b) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Single-Row Racks (Option B)



Figure 2.3.7.2(c) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Double-Row Racks



Figure 2.3.7.2(d) Fire Protection Scheme A Using Multiple-Row Racks



2.3.7.3.1 Interpolation of Table Values and Possible Adjustments

1. Interpolation of Density and Demand Areas in Protection Tables

Except for rack storage greater than 25 ft (7.5 m) high, the protection options provided in the tables for ControlMode Density Area sprinklers are based on specific storage heights and, if storage is in racks, aisle widths.Therefore, a linear interpolation may be needed to determine the required density and demand area if thespecific storage height or aisle width is not represented by the protection tables. When an interpolation fordensity and demand area is needed for rack storage, the interpolation must be made between similarprotection schemes (i.e., ceiling-only, ceiling & 1 level IRAS, etc.). If two similar protection schemes are notavailable for interpolation, then the protection scheme for the next higher storage height increment mustbe used.

Note that when the protection tables for rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high do not offer a protection optionfor the number of in-rack sprinkler levels actually provided (extra in-rack levels provided), an interpolationis not required and Table 2.3.7.3.2 should be referenced for the required density and demand area.

Interpolation in this data sheet is based on a simple linear relationship and can be represented by the followingequation:

Interpolation Value = LTV + (IIV - LIV) x (UTV - LTV)(UIV - LIV)

where:

LTV - Lower Table Value (density or demand area)UTV - Upper Table Value (density or demand area)LIV - Lower Increment Value (storage height or aisle width)UIV - Upper Increment Value (storage height or aisle width)IIV - Interpolating Increment Value (storage height or aisle width)

Storage Height

Each of the protection tables for Control Mode Density Area sprinklers has a column for storage height aswell as one for building height. The values listed in the Storage Height column are typically in increments of5 ft (1.5 m) starting with 10 ft (3 m) and represent the protection needed for the given storage height. Thevalues listed in the Building Height column represent a range of building heights with the indicated valuerepresenting the maximum building height for that range. Therefore, interpolation may be based on storageheight, but it cannot be based on building height.

You may need to interpolate for storage height if you have solid-piled, palletized, shelf or bin-box storageup to 30 ft (9.0 m) high or rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high.

Aisle Width

Each of the protection tables for Control Mode Density Area sprinklers protecting Class 1 through 4commodities in double-row racks up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high has a column for 4 ft (1.2 m) wide aisles and a columnfor 8 ft (2.4 m) wide aisles. If you have an aisle width between these two values, then a linear interpolation,as outlined above, can be used to determine the required density (demand areas for 4 ft [1.2 m] and 8 ft[2.4 m] are always the same) for the actual aisle width. For aisle widths greater than 8 ft (2.4 m), utilize theprotection guidelines given for 8 ft (2.4 m) wide aisles.

Example:

A 30 ft (9.0 m) high facility has solid-piled storage of cartoned unexpanded plastic commodities withoutfavorable factors up to 18 ft (5.4 m) high. Protection for this facility is provided on a wet system utilizing K8.0(K115), 280°F (140°C) rated Control Mode Density Area sprinklers.

Since the protection table that represents this commodity, storage arrangement and sprinkler type does notspecifically list the protection requirements for 18 ft (5.4 m) high storage, the protection requirements givenat 15 ft (4.5 m) and 20 ft (6.0 m) must be utilized in order to determine the protection requirements for 18 ft(5.4 m).

The protection required for 15 ft (4.5 m) high storage is a 0.45 gpm/ft2 (20 mm/min) density over a 2,500ft2 (230 m2) area, whereas the protection required for 20 ft (6.0 m) high storage is a 0.60 gpm/ft2 (24 mm/min)density over a 3,000 ft2 (280 m2) area.



Since both the density and the demand area are different values, we need to interpolate for both.

Using the interpolation equation, we get the following for density:

LTV = 0.45 (20)UTV = 0.60 (24)LIV = 15 (4.5)UIV = 20 (6.0)IIV = 18 (5.4)

Interpolation Value = 0.45 + (18 - 15) x (0.60 - 0.45)(20 - 15)

= 0.54 gpm/ft2

Interpolation Value (metric) = 20 + (5.4 - 4.5) x (24 - 20)(6.0 - 4.5)

= 22 mm/min

Using the interpolation equation, we get the following for demand area:

LTV = 2,500 (230)UTV = 3,000 (280)LIV = 15 (4.5)UIV = 20 (6.0)IIV = 18 (5.4)

Interpolation Value = 2,500 + (18 - 15) x (3,000 - 2,500)(20 - 15)

= 2,800 ft2

Interpolation Value (metric) = 230 + (5.4 - 4.5) x (280 - 230)(6.0 - 4.5)

= 260 m2

Therefore, the required protection becomes a 0.54 gpm/ft2 (22 mm/min) density over a 2,800 ft2 (260 m2)demand area.

2. Adjustments for Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers

The density and demand area obtained from the Tables 2.3.7.3(a) through 2.3.7.3(s) may need to be adjustedto account for parameters outside the scope of the tables. Apply adjustments to protection criteria as outlinedbelow after any necessary interpolation has been conducted, as follows:

Ceiling Sprinkler Temperature Rating: When 160°F (70°C) rated K5.6 (K80) or K8.0 (K115) ceiling sprinklersare used for rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high, or for any storage height involving solid-piled, palletized,shelf or bin-box storage:

1) For Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, multiply the density by 1.15.

2) For plastic commodities, multiply the demand area by 1.7.

No adjustment is needed for 212°F (100°C) rated sprinklers (treat as 280°F [140°C] sprinklers).

Sprinkler System Type: When the sprinkler system is dry-pipe (or preaction being treated as dry-pipe), multiplythe demand area by 1.3.

Encapsulation: For encapsulated Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities only (does not apply to plastic commodities)being maintained in a rack storage arrangement, adjust the design density as follows:

-for ceiling-only sprinkler systems, multiply the ceiling sprinkler design density by 1.5.

-for ceiling and in-rack sprinkler systems, multiply the ceiling sprinkler design density by 1.25.

2.3.7.3.2 Extra Levels of In-Rack Sprinklers

Protect rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high using Control Mode Density Area sprinklers in accordance withTables 2.3.7.3(a) through 2.3.7.3(f). If there are more levels of in-rack sprinklers provided than are indicatedin the tables for adequate protection, use Table 2.3.7.3.2 to determine the protection required, prior toadjustments. See Section 2.3.7.3.1 to determine if the values obtained from this table then need to beadjusted.



Table 2.3.7.3.2 Control Mode Density Area Ceiling Sprinkler Requirements for Extra Levels of In-Rack Sprinklers (RackStorage up to 25 ft [7.5 m])

Commodity In-Rack Levels Provided In-Rack Levels NeededCeiling Sprinkler Design,gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

Class 1 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels None 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 1 2 Levels, 3 Levels 1 Level 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 1 3 Levels 2 Levels 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 1 1 Level at Every Tier None, 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 2 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels None 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 2 2 Levels, 3 Levels 1 Level 0.20/2000 (8/185)Class 2 3 Levels 2 Levels 0.20/2000 (8/185)Class 2 1 Level at Every Tier None, 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 3 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels None 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 3 2 Levels, 3 Levels 1 Level 0.20/2000 (8/185)Class 3 3 Levels 2 Levels 0.20/2000 (8/185)Class 3 1 Level at Every Tier None, 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels 0.15/2000 (6/185)Class 4 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels None 0.20/2000 (8/185)Class 4 2 Levels, 3 Levels 1 Level 0.30/2000 (12/185)Class 4 3 Levels 2 Levels 0.30/2000 (12/185)Class 4 1 Level at Every Tier None, 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels 0.20/2000 (8/185)Plastics 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels None 0.25/2000 (10/185)Plastics 2 Levels, 3 Levels 1 Level 0.25/2000 (10/185)Plastics 3 Levels 2 Levels 0.25/2000 (10/185)Plastics 1 Level at Every Tier None, 1 Level, 2 Levels, 3 Levels 0.25/2000 (10/185)

2.3.7.3.3 Excessive Clearance

For facilities protected by Control Mode Density Area sprinklers, excessive clearance is considered to bepresent when the vertical distance between the top of storage and the ceiling above is greater than 20 ft(6.0 m).

The Control Mode Density Area protection tables for solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storagearrangements provide ceiling-level sprinkler protection options for storage heights up to 30 ft (9.0 m) inbuildings up to 50 ft (15.0 m) high. Therefore, protection options for excessive clearance are provided in theprotection tables for buildings up to 50 ft (15.0 m) high in these tables.

The Control Mode Density Area protection tables for all rack storage arrangements up to 25 ft (7.5 m) highprovide sprinkler protection options for buildings up to 45 ft (13.5 m) high. Therefore, protection options forexcessive clearance are provided in the protection tables for buildings up to 45 ft (13.5 m) high in these tables.

The Control Mode Density Area protection tables for rack storage arrangements over 25 ft (7.5 m) highprovide sprinkler protection options based on a maximum clearance of 20 ft (6.0 m) between the top of storageand the ceiling above.

Therefore, use Table 2.3.7.3.3 when:

(a) Solid-piled, palletized, shelf or bin-box storage arrangements are maintained in buildings with heightsover 50 ft (15.0 m), or

(b) Rack storage arrangements up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high are maintained in buildings with heights over 45 ft(13.5 m), or

(c) The clearance between the top of rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high and the ceiling above exceeds20 ft (6.0 m).

This table can also be used if the existing water supply cannot provide the ceiling-level protectionrequirements indicated in the appropriate protection table.



Table 2.3.7.3.3 Excessive Clearance Guidelines for Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers at Ceiling Level

Storage Type Option Conditions/LimitationsSolid-Piled,

Palletized, Shelf,Bin-Box, SRR,

DRR, MRR

Install a noncombustible false ceiling roughly5 ft (1.5 m) over the top of storage withsprinkler protection provided under the barrier.

Design the sprinkler system under the barrierbased on the storage height and new ceilingheight.

SRR, DRR, MRR Provide a level of in-rack sprinklers at the topof the storage rack spaced horizontally atevery longitudinal/transverse flue intersection.

Limit storage to 5 ft (1.5 m) above the top levelof in-rack sprinklers. Design the ceiling andin-rack sprinkler systems per the actual storageheight with 20 ft (6.0 m) clearance as well asthe number of in-rack sprinkler levels provided.

SRR, DRR, MRR Install a horizontal barrier at the top of thestorage rack with in-rack sprinklers providedbeneath. Sprinklers should be spacedhorizontally at every other longitudinal/transverse flue intersection.

Limit storage to 5 ft (1.5 m) above thehorizontal barrier. Design the in-rack sprinklersystem based on the number of levelsprovided. Design the ceiling for a minimum0.15 gpm/ft2 (6 mm/min) density (Class 1) or a0.20 gpm/ft2 (8 mm/min) density (Class 2 -Plastics) over a 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) demandarea.

SRR, DRR, MRR Provide a level of in-rack sprinklers approx. 5 ft(1.5 m) over the top of storage spacedhorizontally at every longitudinal/transverse flueintersection.

Design the ceiling and in-rack sprinklersystems per the actual storage height with 20ft (6.0 m) clearance as well as the number ofin-rack sprinkler levels provided.

SRR, DRR, MRR Install a horizontal barrier the length and widthof the rack approx. 5 ft (1.5 m) over the top ofstorage. In-rack sprinklers should be providedbeneath spaced horizontally at every otherlongitudinal/transverse flue intersection.

Design the in-rack sprinkler system based onthe number of levels provided. Design theceiling for a minimum 0.15 gpm/ft2 (6 mm/min)density for Class 1 commodities) or a 0.20gpm/ft2 (8 mm/min) density for higher hazardcommodities. Provide the density over a 2,000ft2 (185 m2) demand area.

2.3.7.3.4 Favorable vs. No Favorable Factors

When favorable factors are present, protection requirements can be lowered for solid-piled or palletizedstorage arrangements involving plastic commodities. The protection options for all plastics maintained in eithera shelf or bin-box storage arrangement are based on the presence of favorable factors.

Whenever any of the following favorable conditions exist, the design criteria for Control Mode Density Areasprinklers used to protect solid-piled or palletized storage of cartoned plastics and uncartoned unexpandedplastics can be based on the presence of favorable factors:

1. The storage is closely spaced, with flue spaces 6 in. (150 mm) or less between stacks. The faces ofthe pile may be irregular due to removal of stacks.

Open-pile arrays burn more vigorously than closed-pile arrays because more oxygen is available to the facesof storage in the flue spaces to support combustion. The main consideration in establishing whether an arrayis closed or open is the width of the flue spaces. One or more stacks missing from the outer face of an arraywould not enhance fire development significantly.

A palletized array comprised of irregularly-shaped pallet loads or pallet loads that do not extend to the edgeof the pallet can result in flue or channel spaces throughout an array. If these spaces, which would allowoxygen into the array, are equal to a 12 in. (300 mm) single flue space between rows of butted storage, thenprotection on the basis of no favorable factors should be applied. If the sum of the average flue spaces(transverse and longitudinal) is less than about 8 in. (200 mm), then protection on the basis of favorable factorsmay be applied.

2. The material is susceptible to collapse during the early stages of a fire because of the product spillingout of the packages, packages falling out of the pile, or the pile collapsing because of wetting or firedamage, causing cartons to lose their ability to support the pile. Potential pile collapse can be predictedby leaning or unstable piles. Pile instability often occurs when boxes at the base of the piles are beingcrushed by the weight of the pile.



3. An uncartoned unexpanded plastic is in solid block form and arranged so that sprinkler water can reachthe vertical surfaces available to burn. This does not apply to storage of open-top plastic containers (toteboxes, tubs, etc.).

Uncartoned expanded plastic stored in either a solid-piled or palletized arrangement should always beprotected on the basis of no favorable factors.



Table 2.3.7.3(a) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of Class 1 Commodities

Maximum

Storage

Height,

ft (m)

Maximum

Building

Height,

ft (m)

SRR & DRR/8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width, Wet-Pipe Systems

MRR & DRR/4 ft (1.2 m) Aisle Width,

Wet-Pipe Systems

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F (70˚C);

K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);



K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);

K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)

Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)





K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);

K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)


None/Open/Less

than

20 ft2 (2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves 20 to

64 ft2 (2.0 to

6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

Greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less

than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves 20 to

64 ft2 (2.0 to

6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

Greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 0.15/2000 (6/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185) 0.20/2000 (8/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185) 0.20/2000 (8/185)

35 (10.5) 0.17/2000 (7/185) 0.17/2000 (7/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS

40 (12.2) 0.29/2000

(12/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.51/2000

(21/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.17/2000 (7/185) 0.17/2000 (7/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

40 (12.2) 0.29/2000

(12/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.32/2000

(13/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.51/2000

(21/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

20 (6.0)

Note 12

40 (12.2) 0.29/2000

(12/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.32/2000

(13/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.51/2000

(21/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

25 (7.5)

Note 12

30 (9.0) 0.49/2000

(20/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.54/2000

(22/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.51/2000

(21/185)

0.19/2000 (8/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier0.19/2000 (8/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) & 1 Level

IRAS

Note 12: Steel column protection may be needed; see Section 2.1.2



Table 2.3.7.3(b) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of Class 2 Commodities

Maximum

Storage Height,

ft (m)

Maximum

Building Height,

ft (m)

SRR & DRR/8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width, Wet-Pipe Systems MRR & DRR/4 ft (1.2 m) Aisle Width, Wet-Pipe Systems





K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);

K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)






K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);

K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)


None/Open/Less

than

20 ft2 (2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

Greater than

64 ft2 (6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less

than

20 ft2 (2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

Greater than

64 ft2 (6.0 m2)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 0.15/2000 (6/185) 0.15/2000 (6/186) 0.20/2000 (8/186) 0.15/2000 (6/186) 0.15/2000 (6/186) 0.20/2000 (8/186)

35 (10.5) 0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185)

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

40 (12.2) 0.32/2000

(13/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.38/2000

(16/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.67/2000

(27/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.21/2000

(9/185) & 1 Level

IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.19/2000 (8/185) 0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.23/2000

(9/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185)

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

40 (12.2) 0.32/2000

(13/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.38/2000

(16/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.67/2000

(27/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

20 (6.0)

Note 12

40 (12.2) 0.32/2000

(13/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.38/2000

(16/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS


(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.67/2000

(27/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS


(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

25 (7.5)

Note 12

30 (9.0) 0.54/2000

(22/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.65/2000

(27/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS


(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.56/2000

(23/185)

0.21/2000

(9/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000

(6/185) & 1 Level

IRAS at Every

Tier

0.67/2000

(27/185)

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000 (6/185)

& 1 Level IRAS


(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.25/2000

(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS




Table 2.3.7.3(c) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of Class 3 Commodities

MaximumStorage

Height, ft (m)

MaximumBuilding

Height, ft (m)

SRR & DRR/8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width,Wet-Pipe Systems

MRR & DRR/4 ft (1.2 m) Aisle Width,Wet-Pipe Systems

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F(70˚C);K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F(70˚C);K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

SolidShelves

20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 0.15/2000

(6/185)0.15/2000

(6/185)0.15/2000(6/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185)

0.15/2000(6/185)

0.15/2000(6/185) &

1 Level IRAS35 (10.5) 0.22/2000

(9/185)0.22/2000

(9/185)0.15/2000(6/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.26/2000(11/185)

0.26/2000(11/185)

0.15/2000(6/185) &

1 Level IRAS40 (12.2) 0.36/2000

(15/185)0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.43/2000(18/185)

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) 0.24/2000

(10/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.22/2000

(9/185)0.22/2000

(9/185)0.15/2000(6/185) &

1 Level IRASat Every Tier

0.26/2000(11/185)

0.26/2000(11/185)

0.15/2000(6/185) &


40 (12.2) 0.36/2000(15/185)

0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &


0.43/2000(18/185)

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &


0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) 0.24/2000


0.24/2000(10/185) &2 Levels

IRAS

0.24/2000(10/185) &


0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &2 Levels

IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &


20 (6.0)Note 12

40 (12.2) 0.36/2000(15/185)

0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &


0.43/2000(18/185)

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &


0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) 0.24/2000


0.24/2000(10/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &


0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &


25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.24/2000(10/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.24/2000(10/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &


0.29/2000(12/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.29/2000(12/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.15/2000(6/185) &





Table 2.3.7.3(d) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of Class 4 Commodities

Maximum

Storage Height, ft

(m)

Maximum

Building Height, ft

(m)

SRR & DRR/8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width, Wet-Pipe Systems MRR & DRR/4 ft (1.2 m) Aisle Width, Wet-Pipe Systems





K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);

K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)






K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);

K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)


None/Open/Less

than

20 ft2 (2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

Greater than

64 ft2 (6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less

than

20 ft2 (2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves

Greater than

64 ft2 (6.0 m2)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 0.20/2000 (8/185) 0.20/2000 (8/185) 0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185) 0.20/2000 (8/185) 0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

35 (10.5) 0.30/2000

(12/185)

0.45/2000

(18/185)

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

0.35/2000

(14/185)

0.45/2000

(18/185)

0.23/2000

(9/185) & 1 Level

IRAS0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.30/2000

(12/185)

0.45/2000

(18/185)

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.35/2000

(14/185)

0.45/2000

(18/185)

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.23/2000

(9/185) &

1 Level IRAS

40 (12.2) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

45 (13.5) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

16 (4.6)

Note 12

25 (7.5) 0.60/2500

(24/230) Note 9

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.60/2500

(24/230) Note 9

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS


(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

40 (12.2) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

45 (13.5) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS at

Every Tier

20 (6.0)

Note 12

25 (7.5) 0.60/2500

(24/230) Note 9

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.60/2500

(24/230) Note 9

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS


(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

40 (12.2) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

45 (13.5) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.32/2000

(13/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.32/2000

(13/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

1 Level IRAS

0.39/2000

(16/185) &

2 Levels IRAS

0.20/2000 (8/185)

& 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

Note 9: When Control Mode Density Area sprinklers having a minimum K-factor of 11.2 (160) are utilized, the demand area for the given density may be reducedto 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) for a wet system or 2,600 ft2 (240 m2) for a dry system.




Table 2.3.7.3(e) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of Cartoned ExpandedPlastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic

MaximumStorage

Height, ft (m)

MaximumBuilding

Height, ft (m)

Rack Storage of Cartoned Expanded Plastics, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastics andUncartoned Unexpanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR

Wet-Pipe SystemsK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)None/Open/Less than 20 ft2

(2.0 m2)Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)Solid Shelves Greater than

64 ft2 (6.0 m2)10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS30 (9.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS

35 (10.5) 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 9 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 9 0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

1 Level IRAS15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS at Every Tier0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS

35 (10.5) 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 9 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 9 0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS at Every Tier0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS40 (12.2) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS at Every Tier0.30/2000 (12/185) &

2 Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

2 Levels IRAS45 (13.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &

2 Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

2 Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS at Every Tier20 (6.0)Note 12

25 (7.5) 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 9 0.45/2000 (18/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS at Every Tier

0.45/2000 (18/185 &1 Level IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS

40 (12.2) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.45/2000 (18/185) &1 Level IRAS


0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS


25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.60/1500 (24/140) &1 Level IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS


0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS

45 (13.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 Levels IRAS


Note 9: When Control Mode Density Area sprinklers having a minimum K-factor of 11.2 (160) are utilized, the demand area for the givendensity may be reduced to 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) for a wet system or 2,600 ft2 (240 m2) for a dry system.




Table 2.3.7.3(f) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of Uncartoned ExpandedPlastic

MaximumStorage

Height, ft (m)

MaximumBuilding

Height, ft (m)

Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR Wet-Pipe SystemsK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)None/Open/Less than 20 ft2

(2.0 m2)Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)Solid Shelves Greater than

64 ft2 (6.0 m2)10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 0.60/3000 (24/280) 0.60/3000 (24/280) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.30/2000 (12/185) &1 Level IRAS

35 (10.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.45/2000 (18/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.45/2000 (18/185) &1 Level IRAS

40 (12.2) 0.60/2000 (24/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.60/2000 (24/185) &1 Level IRAS

0.60/2000 (24/185) &1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) Scheme A Note 5 Scheme A Note 5 Scheme A Note 515 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

1 Level IRAS at Every Tier0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2

Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2

Levels IRAS40 (12.2) 0.60/2000 (24/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.60/2000 (24/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &


2 Levels IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

2 Levels IRAS45 (13.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185) & 2

Levels IRAS0.60/2000 (24/185) &

2 Levels IRAS0.60/2000 (24/185) &

1 Level IRAS at Every Tier20 (6.0) 40 (12.2) 0.60/2000 (24/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.60/2000 (24/185) &

1 Level IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &


2 Levels IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

2 Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

3 Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &

3 Levels IRAS45 (13.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185) & 2

Levels IRAS0.60/2000 (24/185) &

2 Levels IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &


3 Levels IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

3 Levels IRAS25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185) & 2

Levels IRAS0.60/2000 (24/185) &

2 Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &


3 Levels IRAS0.45/2000 (18/185) &

3 Levels IRAS0.30/2000 (12/185) &


1 Level IRAS at Every Tier

Note 5: See Section 2.3.7.2 for details concerning Fire Protection Scheme A.



Table 2.3.7.3(g) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Single-Row Racks Without Solid Shelves, Storage Higher Than25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)

Commodity Plastics Type/Packaging Figure No. StorageHeight AboveTop IRASLevel, ft (m)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-PipeSystemsK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F(70˚C);K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or160˚F (70˚C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (a) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (a) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (a) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)

Plastics Cartoned Unexpanded,Uncartoned Unexpanded,Cartoned Expanded,Uncartoned Expanded

2.3.7.3 (a) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Table 2.3.7.3(h) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Single-Row Racks With Solid Shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2),Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (a)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (a)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (a)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)


2.3.7.3 (a)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(i) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Single-Row Racks With Solid Shelves Greater than64 ft2 (6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (a)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (a)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (a)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)


2.3.7.3 (a)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(j) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Double-Row Racks With Open Shelves, Storage Higher Than25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (b) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

2.3.7.3 (c) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (d) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (e) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (f) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (g) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (h) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (i) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)

2.3.7.3 (j) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)

Plastics Cartoned Unexpanded,Uncartoned Unexpanded,Cartoned Expanded

2.3.7.3 (k) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)


2.3.7.3 (l) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185) Note 10Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) Note 10


2.3.7.3 (m) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (n) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (o) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (p) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

Note 10: This in-rack sprinkler arrangement, which allows for the omission of face sprinklers, only applies to wet-pipe sprinkler systemsand racks with a maximum depth of 9 ft (2.7 m). Protect racks deeper than 9 ft (2.7 m) by other arrangements that incorporate face sprinklers.



Table 2.3.7.3(k) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Double-Row Racks With Solid Shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2),Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (b)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

2.3.7.3 (c)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (d)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (e)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (f)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (g)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

2.3.7.3 (h)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (i)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)

2.3.7.3 (j)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)


2.3.7.3 (k) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)


2.3.7.3 (m) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (n) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (o) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (p) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(l) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Double-Row Racks With Solid Shelves Greater than64 ft2 (6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (b)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (b)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (b)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)


2.3.7.3 (b)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(m) Control Mode Density Area, Multiple-Row Racks With Open Shelves, Storage Higher Than25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (q) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (r) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (s) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)


2.3.7.3 (s) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)


2.3.7.3 (t) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (u) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (v) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(n) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Multiple-Row Racks With Solid Shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2),Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (q)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (r)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (s)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)


2.3.7.3 (s)S Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)


2.3.7.3 (t) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (u) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)

Plastics Uncartoned Expanded 2.3.7.3 (v) Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(o) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers, Multiple-Row Racks With Solid Shelves Greater Than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2), Storage Higher Than 25 ft (7.5 m), Clearance Up to 20 ft (6.0 m)



Class 1 DNA 2.3.7.3 (c)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.20/2000 (8/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.25/2000 (10/185)

Class 2,Class 3

DNA 2.3.7.3 (c)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.30/2000 (12/185)

Class 4 DNA 2.3.7.3 (c)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.28/2000 (11/185)Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.35/2000 (14/185)


2.3.7.3 (c)S64 Up to 5 (1.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(p) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage ofClass 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities

Commodity Maximum StorageHeight, ft (m)

Maximum BuildingHeight, ft (m)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-Pipe SystemK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F(70˚C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F(70˚C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F(70˚C);K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

Class 1 20 (6.0) 40 (12.2) 0.15/2000 (6/185)45 (13.5) 0.21/2000 (9/185)50 (15.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.21/2000 (9/185)50 (15.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185)Class 2 15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.15/2000 (6/185)

40 (12.2) 0.17/2000 (7/185)45 (13.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)50 (15.0) 0.34/2000 (14/185)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.2) 0.17/2000 (7/185)45 (13.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)50 (15.0) 0.34/2000 (14/185)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.24/2000 (10/185)50 (15.0) 0.34/2000 (14/185)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.34/2000 (14/185)Class 3 15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.15/2000 (6/185)

40 (12.2) 0.21/2000 (9/185)45 (13.5) 0.29/2000 (12/185)50 (15.0) 0.42/2000 (17/185)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.2) 0.21/2000 (9/185)45 (13.5) 0.29/2000 (12/185)50 (15.0) 0.42/2000 (17/185)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.29/2000 (12/185)50 (15.0) 0.42/2000 (17/185)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.42/2000 (17/185)Class 4 15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.17/2000 (7/185)

40 (12.2) 0.28/2000 (11/185)45 (13.5) 0.39/2000 (16/185)50 (15.0) 0.56/2000 (23/185)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.2) 0.28/2000 (11/185)45 (13.5) 0.39/2000 (16/185)50 (15.0) 0.56/2000 (23/185)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.39/2000 (16/185)50 (15.0) 0.56/2000 (23/185)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.56/2000 (23/185)



Table 2.3.7.3(q) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled and Palletized Storage with Favorable Factors; Shelfand Bin-Box Storage of Cartoned Unexpanded and Expanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics

Maximum Storage Height,ft (m)

Maximum Building Height,ft (m)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-Pipe SystemK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 16.8 (235) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C) or 160˚F (70˚C);K-factor 8.0 (115) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C);K-factor 5.6 (80) A.S., 280˚F (140˚C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

5 (1.5) 15 (4.5) 0.20/2500 (8/230)25 (7.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)30 (9.0) 0.30/2500 (12/230)35 (10.5) 0.45/2500 (18/230)40 (12.2) 0.60/2500 (24/230)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.20/2500 (8/230)30 (9.0) 0.30/2500 (12/230)35 (10.5) 0.45/2500 (18/230)40 (12.2) 0.60/2500 (24/230)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 0.45/2500 (18/230)40 (12.2) 0.60/2500 (24/230)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.45/2500 (18/230)40 (12.2) 0.60/2500 (24/230)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.60/2500 (24/230)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5




Table 2.3.7.3(r) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled and Palletized with no Favorable Factors of CartonedUnexpanded and Expanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic




5 (1.5) 15 (4.5) 0.20/2500 (8/230)25 (7.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)30 (9.0) 0.45/2500 (18/230)35 (10.5) 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 950 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.20/2500 (8/230)30 (9.0) 0.45/2500 (18/230)35 (10.5) 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 950 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

15 (4.5)Note 12

20 (6.0) 0.45/2500 (18/230)35 (10.5) 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 950 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

20 (6.0)Note 12

25 (7.5) 0.60/2500 (24/230) Note 930 (9.0) 0.60/3000 (24/280)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5


Note 9: When Control Mode Density Area sprinklers having a minimum K-factor of 11.2 (160) are utilized, the demand area for the givendensity may be reduced to 2,000 ft2 (185 m2) for a wet system or 2,600 ft2 (240 m2) for a dry system.


Table 2.3.7.3(s) Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of UncartonedExpanded Plastics




5 (1.5) 25 (7.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)30 (9.0) 0.60/3000 (24/280)35 (10.5) 0.60/5000 (24/465)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.60/2250 (24/210)30 (9.0) 0.60/3000 (24/280)35 (10.5) 0.60/5000 (24/465)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.60/3750 (24/350)35 (10.5) 0.60/5000 (24/465)50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme A Note 5




Figure 2.3.7.3(a) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3, 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastic, single-rowracks with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

Elevation

Plan View

1. For all storage heights, install sprinklers in every other tier andstagger as indicated.

2. Symbols and indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal

stagger.3. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on the

spacing, positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers asrepresented in this figure.

X



Figure 2.3.7.3(a)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3, 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastic, single-rowracks with shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

Elevation

Plan View

1. For all storage heights, install sprinklers in every other tier andstagger as indicated.




X



Figure 2.3.7.3(a)S64 In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3, 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastic,single-row racks with shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

Elevation

Plan View

1. For all storage heights, install sprinklers in every tier andstagger as indicated.




X



Figure 2.3.7.3(b) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, maximum heightof storage 30 ft (9.0 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

BARRIER

1. Symbol indicates in-rack sprinklers.2. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for

guidelines on the spacing, positioning, andlocation of in-rack sprinklers as represented inthis figure.

X

Figure 2.3.7.3(b)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2), maximum height of storage 30 ft (9.0 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

BARRIER

1. Symbols and indicate in-rack sprinklers.2. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for


X O



Figure 2.3.7.3(b)S64 In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastics,double-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. All shown sprinklers are needed.2. For storage higher than represented by load

labeled E, the cycle defined by Note 1 isrepeated with stagger as indicated.

3. Symbols and indicates sprinklers onvertical or horizontal stagger.

4. All face sprinklers should be located within 18in. (450 mm) from the edge of the rack.

5. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 forguidelines on the spacing, positioning, andlocation of in-rack sprinklers as represented inthis figure.

X

A A

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

B B

C C

D

E

D

E



Figure 2.3.7.3(c) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, height of storageover 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loadslabeled B represent top of storage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed when loadslabeled C or D represent top of storage.

3. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 needed when loadslabeled E or F represent top of storage.

4. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled F, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 isrepeated WITH STAGGER AS INDICATED.

5. Symbols or X indicate sprinklers on vertical orhorizontal stagger.



A A

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(c)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loads labeled Brepresent top storage.


3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed when loadslabeled E or F represent top of storage.

4. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled F, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 isrepeated WITH STAGGER AS INDICATED.


6. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in.(450 mm) from the edge of the rack.

7. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 forguidelines on the spacing, positioning, andlocation of in-rack sprinklers as represented inthis figure

A A

1

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(c)S64 In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastics,multiple-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

Loading Aisle

Loading Aisle Elevation

Plan View

FaceSprinkler

Face

Sprinkle

rs

1. Symbols and indicate sprinklers on vertical and horzontal stagger.2. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the edge

of the rack.3. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on the spacing,

positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers as represented in this figure.

X



Figure 2.3.7.3(d) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, maximumheight of storage 30 ft (9.0 m)

1. Alternate location of in-rack sprinklers.Sprinklers may be installed at the second andfourth or the third and fifth tiers.

2. Symbols or indicate sprinklers on vertical orhorizontal stagger.


X

PLAN ELEVATION

1

1



Figure 2.3.7.3(d)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), maximum height of storage 30 ft (9.0 m)

1. Alternate location of in-rack sprinklers.Sprinklers may be installed at the second andfourth or the third and fifth tiers.




PLAN ELEVATION

1

1



Figure 2.3.7.3(e) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, heightof storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN

ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loads labeled Arepresent top storage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed when loads labeledB and C represent top of storage.

3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed when loadslabeled D or E represent top of storage.

4.

5.

Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4 needed when loadslabeled F or G represent top of storage.Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 needed whenloads labeled H represent top of storage.

6. For storage higher than represented by loads labeledH, the cycle defined by Notes 3, 4 and 5 is repeatedwith stagger as indicated.

7. The indicated face sprinklers may be omitted whencommodity consists of unwrapped or unpackagedmetal parts on wood pallets.


9. All face sprinklers should be located 18 in. (450 mm)from the edge of the rack.

10. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelineson the spacing, positioning, and location of in-racksprinklers as represented in this figure.

X

A A

1

1

2

3

4

5

B B

C C

D D

E E

F

G

H

F

G

H



Figure 2.3.7.3(e)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed when loadlabeled C represents top of storage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed when loadslabeled D or E represent top of storage.

3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4 needed when loadslabeled F or G represent top of storage.

4. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled G, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 isrepeated with stagger as indicated.

5. The indicated face sprinklers may be omitted whencommodity consists of unwrapped or unpackagedmetal parts on wood pallets.




X

A A

1

2

3

4

B B

C C

D D

E E

F

G

F

G



Figure 2.3.7.3(f) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, heightof storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loads labeledB represent top storage.



4. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled F, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 isrepeated with stagger as indicated.




X

A A

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(f)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when load labeledB represents top of storage.


3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed whenloads labeled E or F represent top of storage.

4. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled F, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 isrepeated with stagger as indicated.




X

A A

1

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(g) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, heightof storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loads labeled Brepresents top of storage.


3. Sprinklers 1 and 3 needed when loads labeled Erepresent top of storage.

4. Sprinklers 1 and 4 needed when loads labeled F orG represent top of storage.

5. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled G, the cycle defined by Notes 2, 3 and 4 isrepeated with stagger as indicated.




X

A A

1

2

3

4

B B

C C

D D

E E

F

G

F

G



Figure 2.3.7.3(g)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loads labeledA or B represent top storage.


3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed whenloads labeled E represent top of storage.

4. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 4 needed when loadslabeled F or G represent top of storage.

5. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled G, the cycle defined by Notes 2, 3 and 4is repeated.

6. Symbol indicates face and in-rack sprinklers.7. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in.

(450 mm) from the edge of the rack.8. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for


X

A A

1

1

2

3

4

4

B B

C C

D D

E E

F

G

F

G



Figure 2.3.7.3(h) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, heightof storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

Barrier




4. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled F, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 isrepeated.

5. Symbol , indicates sprinklers on

vertical or horizontal stagger.6. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in.



O Xor

A A

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(h)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

Barrier

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loads labeledB represents top of storage.




5. Symbol , indicates sprinklers on

vertical or horizontal stagger.6. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in.



O Xor

A A

1

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(i) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, heightof storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN

ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loads labeled B represent top storage.2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed when loads labeled C or D represent top of

storage.3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed when loads labeled E or F represent top of

storage.4. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4 needed when loads labeled G represent top of

storage.5. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 needed when loads labeled H represent top

of storage.6. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 (not 5) needed when loads labeled I and J

represent top of storage.7. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 needed when loads labeled K represent

top of storage.8. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 needed when loads labeled L represent top

of storage.9. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 needed when loads labeled M or N

represent top of storage.10. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled N, the cycle defined by

Notes 1 through 9 is repeated, with stagger as indicated. In the cycle, loadslabeled M are equivalent to loads labeled A.

11. Symbols , , or indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

12. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the edge ofthe rack.

13. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on the spacing, positioning,and location of in-rack sprinklers as represented in this figure.

O X

1

1A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



Figure 2.3.7.3(i)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN

ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed when loads labeled C or D represent topof storage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed when loads labeled E or F representtop of storage.

3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4 needed when loads labeled G represent topof storage.

4. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 needed when loads labeled H representtop of storage.

5. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 (not 5) needed when loads labeled I andJ represent top of storage.

6. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 needed when loads labeled Krepresent top of storage.

7. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 needed when loads labeled Lrepresent top of storage.

8. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 needed when loads labeled M or Nrepresent top of storage.

9. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled N, the cycle definedby Notes 1 through 9 is repeated, with stagger as indicated. In the cycle,loads labeled M are equivalent to loads labeled A.

10. Symbols , , or indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

11. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the edgeof the rack.

12. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on the spacing,positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers as represented in this figure.

O X

1

1A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



Figure 2.3.7.3(j) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with open shelves, heightof storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers





5. Symbol indicates face and in-rack sprinklers.



X

A A

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(j)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 commodity, double-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when load labeledB represents top of storage.




5. Symbol indicates face and in-rack sprinklers.



X

A A

1

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F



Figure 2.3.7.3(k) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastic and uncartonedunexpanded plastic, double-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.02),

height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

PLAN

ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 and Barrier labeled 1needed when loads labeled C represent top ofstorage.

2. Sprinklers and Barriers labeled 1 and 3 neededwhen loads labeled D or E represent top ofstorage.

3. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled E, the cycle defined by Notes 1 and 2 isrepeated.

4. Symbol or indicates face and in-rack

sprinklers.

5. Symbol indicates longitudinal flue space

sprinklers.6. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in.



X

O

A A

1

2

3

B B

C C

D D

E E

Barrier



Figure 2.3.7.3(l) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastic and uncartonedunexpanded plastic, double-row racks no deeper than 9 ft (2.7 m) with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m).

This in-rack sprinkler arrangement is only for wet-pipe ceiling and in-rack sprinkler systems.

Plan View

End View

MaximumRack Depth9 ft (2.7 m)

MaximumRack Depth9 ft (2.7 m)




Figure 2.3.7.3(m) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastic and uncartonedunexpanded plastic, double-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over

25 ft (7.5 m). Two acceptable arrangements

End View

Plan View

Floor

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed when loadslabeled A or B represent top of storage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed when loadlabeled C represents top of storage.

3. For storage higher than represented by loadlabeled C, the cycle defined by Notes 1 and 2is repeated.



A A A A

1

1

1

2 2

B B B B

C C C C



Figure 2.3.7.3(n) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 and all plastics, double-row racks with open shelvesand solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

End View

Plan View

HorizontalBarrier

Floor





Figure 2.3.7.3(o) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 and all plastics, double-row racks with open shelvesand solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

End View

Plan View

Floor





Figure 2.3.7.3 (p) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastics,double-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft (2.0-6.0 m), heiht of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m).

PLAN ELEVATION

FaceSprinklers

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed when loadslabeled B represent top storage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 needed when loadslabeled C represent top of storage.

3. Sprinklers labeled 1, 3 and 4 needed whenloads labeled D represent top of storage.

4. For storage higher than represented by loadslabeled D, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 isrepeated.

5. Symbol indicates face and longitudinal in-

rack sprinklers.6. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in.



X

A A

1

2

1

3

4

B B

C C

D D



Figure 2.3.7.3(q) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, multiple-row racks with open shelves, height of storageover 25 ft (7.5 m)


1. Sprinklers labeled 1 needed if loads labeled A represent top of storage.2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed if loads labeled B or C represent top of

storage.3. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 needed when loads labeled D or E represent

top of storage.4. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled E, the cycle defined

by Notes 2 and 3 is repeated, with stagger as indicated.

5. Symbols or indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.6. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the edge



X

Fa

ce

Sp

rin

kle

rs

A A

B B

C C

3

2

1

D D

E E

Loading Aisle

Loading Aisle

Plan View



Figure 2.3.7.3(q)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1 commodity, multiple-row racks with solid shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)


1. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed if loads labeled B or C represent top ofstorage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed when loads labeled D or E representtop of storage.

3. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled E, the cycle definedby Notes 2 and 3 is repeated, with stagger as indicated.

4. Symbols or indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.5.

X

All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the edgeof the rack.

6. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on the spacing,positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers as represented in this figure.

Face

Sprinkle

rs

A A

B B

C C

3

2

1

D D

E E

Loading Aisle

Loading Aisle

Plan View



Figure 2.3.7.3(r) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, multiple-row racks with open shelves, heightof storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)


1. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed if loads labeled A represent top ofstorage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 needed if loads labeled B or C represent top ofstorage.

3. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled C, the cycle definedby Notes 1 and 2 is repeated, with stagger as indicated.




X

Fa

ce

Sp

rin

kle

rs

A A

B B

C C

3

2

1

Loading Aisle

Loading Aisle

Plan View



Figure 2.3.7.3(r)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 or 3 commodity, multiple-row racks with solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)


1. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 needed if load labeled B represents top ofstorage.

2. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed if loads labeled C or D represent topof storage.

3. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled D, the cycle definedby Notes 1 and 2 is repeated, with stagger as indicated.




X

Fa

ce

Sp

rin

kle

rs

A A

B B

C

D

C

D

3

2

1

Loading Aisle

Loading Aisle

Plan View



Figure 2.3.7.3(s) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics and uncartonedunexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves, and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2),

height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



2. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed if loads labeled B or C representtop of storage.

3. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled C, the cycledefined by Notes 1 and 2 is repeated, with stagger as indicated.

4. Symbols or indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.5. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the

edge of the rack.6. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on the spacing,

positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers as represented in thisfigure.

X

Fa

ce

Sp

rin

kle

rs

A A

B

C

B

C

3

2

1

Loading Aisle

Loading Aisle

Plan View



Figure 2.3.7.3(s)S In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics and uncartonedunexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



2. Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 needed if loads labeled B or C representtop of storage.

3. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled C, the cycledefined by Notes 1 and 2 is repeated, with stagger as indicated.

4. Symbols or indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.5. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the

edge of the rack.6. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on the spacing,

positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers as represented in thisfigure.

X

Fa

ce

Sp

rin

kle

rs

A A

B

C

B

C

3

2

1

Loading Aisle

Loading Aisle

Plan View



Figure 2.3.7.3(t) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics and uncartonedunexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over

25 ft (7.5 m)

Loading Aisle


Plan View

FaceSprinklers

Barr

ier

Face

Sprinkle

r

1. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm)from the edge of the rack.

2. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on thespacing, positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers asrepresented in this figure.



Figure 2.3.7.3(u) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastics,multiple-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

Loading Aisle


Plan View

FaceSprinklers

Barr

ier

Face

Sprinkle

r

1. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) fromthe edge of the rack.

2. See Sections 2.3.4.2.1 and 2.3.4.2.4 for guidelines on thespacing, positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers asrepresented in this figure.



Figure 2.3.7.3(v) In-Rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned and uncartoned plastics,multiple-row racks with open shelves and solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)

Loading Aisle


Plan View

FaceSprinkler

Face

Sprinkle

rs

1. Symbols and indicate sprinklers on vertical and horzontal stagger.2. All face sprinklers should be located within 18 in. (450 mm) from the edge



X



2.3.7.4 Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers

The protection options using Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers are provided in Tables 2.3.7.4(a)through 2.3.7.4(s) as follows:

• Tables 2.3.7.4(a) through 2.3.7.4(o) are dedicated to rack storage. These tables do not require anyinterpolation and/or adjustments to the indicated values.

• Tables 2.3.7.4(p) through 2.3.7.4(s) are dedicated to solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storagearrangements. These tables do not require any interpolation and/or adjustments to the indicated values.

Once a design is determined, reference Sections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 to determine the required hose streamallowance and duration timeframe, respectively, for the chosen protection scheme. If in-rack sprinklers areneeded, see Sections 2.3.4.2.1 through 2.3.4.2.3 for their proper spacing, positioning and location and Section2.3.4.3 for their design criteria. Additional information regarding ceiling and in-rack sprinklers can be foundin Sections 2.3.3 and 2.3.4, respectively.

The Control Mode Specific Application protection tables for solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storagearrangements provide ceiling-level sprinkler protection options for storage heights up to 30 ft (9.0 m) inbuildings up to 50 ft (15.0 m) high. In addition, the Control Mode Specific Application protection tables forall rack storage arrangements provide ceiling-level sprinkler protection options for storage heights up to 25ft (7.5 m) in buildings up to 45 ft (13.5 m) high. If the existing water supply cannot provide the ceiling-levelprotection requirements indicated in the appropriate protection table, then the guidelines from Table 2.3.7.3.3,Excessive Clearance Guidelines for Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers at Ceiling Level, may beconsidered as a means of lowering the ceiling-level sprinkler requirements.

Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers having a K-factor of 16.8 (235) are presently limited to wetsystems only (preaction systems are not presently permitted with this K-factor value either).

Table 2.3.7.4(a) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2 Commodities with OpenShelves

MaximumStorageHeight,ft (m)

MaximumBuilding

Height, ft (m)

Class 1, Class 2 Commodities, with None/Open/Less than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) ShelvesWet-Pipe, No. A.S.Pressure, psi (bar)

Dry-Pipe, No. A.S.Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 10 (0.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 10 (0.7) 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7)45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7)

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) &1 Level IRAS

DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7) &1 Level IRAS

36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 6 36 @55 (3.8) Note 740 (12.2) DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 6 DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 7

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 6 DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 7

Note 6: This design is based on the most remote 6 sprinklers on the most remote 6 branchlines.

Note 7: This design is based on full-scale fire testing conducted by FM Global. Specifics of the testing and the type of sprinkler systemutilized are confidential and can only be discussed with FM Global clients. Any sprinkler system using this design must be reviewed byFM Global (this service only available to FM Global clients) and found to be in full compliance with all applicable FM Global guidelines inorder to be considered acceptable for insurance purposes.



Table 2.3.7.4(b) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2 Commodities with SolidShelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)


MaximumBuildingHeight,ft (m)

Class 1 and 2 Commodities, with Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS

20 (6.0) 40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS

Table 2.3.7.4(c) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2 Commodities with SolidShelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)



Class 1 and 2 Commodities, Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

10 (3.0) 45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS

at Every TierDNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

Table 2.3.7.4(d) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commodities with Open Shelves


MaximumBuildingHeight, ft

(m)

Class 3 Commodities, with None/Open/Less than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) ShelvesWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22(1.5)

15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22(1.5)

18 @ 50 (3.5) Note 8 DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS20 @ 50 (3.5)

40 (12.2) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS

Note 8: This design of 18 sprinklers providing a minimum pressure of 50 psi (3.5 bar) is based strictly on the presence of 160°F (70°C)nominally rated Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers having a K-factor of 11.2 (160).



Table 2.3.7.4(e) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commodities with Solid Shelves20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)



Class 3 Commodities, with Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 2 Levels IRAS



Table 2.3.7.4(f) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commodities with Solid ShelvesGreater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)



Class 3 Commodities, with Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

10 (3.0) 45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS at

Every TierDNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS

at Every Tier

Table 2.3.7.4(g) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commodities with Open Shelves



Class 4 Commodities, with None/Open/Less than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) ShelvesWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 22(1.5)

15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

30 (9.0) 15 @ 22(1.5)

15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)40 (12.2) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 15 @ 22(1.5)

15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS

30 (9.0) 15 @ 22(1.5)

20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS

40 (12.2) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS

45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22

(1.5)18 @ 50 (3.5) Note 8 DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS

15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS




Table 2.3.7.4(h) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commodities with Solid Shelves20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)



Class 4 Commodities, with Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)25 (7.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS

Table 2.3.7.4(i) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commodities with Solid ShelvesGreater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)



Class 4 Commodities, with Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS

20 (6.0) 45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRASat Every Tier

DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRASat Every Tier





Table 2.3.7.4(j) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned Expanded Plastic, CartonedUnexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic with Open Shelves



Cartoned Expanded Plastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned UnexpandedPlastic, with None/Open/Less than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) Shelves

Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)K-factor 16.8 (235),

160°F (70°C)K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C) or

160°F (70°C)

K-factor 16.8 (235),160°F (70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5)Note 13

15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5)Note 13

15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)40 (12.2) DNA 30 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS20 @ 75 (5.2)15 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 30 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRASDNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) &

2 Levels IRAS20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5)

Note 1315 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS15 @ 25 (1.7) &

1 Level IRAS25 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5)

Note 1330 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS20 @ 75 (5.2)15 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS40 (12.2) DNA 30 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS20 @ 75 (5.2)15 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 30 @ 50 (3.5) &

1 Level IRASDNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) &

2 Levels IRAS15 @ 50 (3.5) &2 Levels IRAS

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 22 (1.5) Note 13 18 @ 50 (3.5) Note 8 DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) &1 Level IRAS15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1

Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 30 @ 50 (3.5) & 1

Level IRASDNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) &

2 Levels IRAS15 @ 50 (3.5) & 2

Levels IRAS


Note 13: This design only applies to Cartoned and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic commodities.



Table 2.3.7.4(k) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned Expanded Plastic, CartonedUnexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic with Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)



Cartoned Expanded Plastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned UnexpandedPlastic, with Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2)

Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)K-factor

16.8 (235),160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 2 Levels IRAS



Table 2.3.7.4(l) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned Expanded Plastic, CartonedUnexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic with Solid Shelves Greater Than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)



Cartoned Expanded Plastic, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Uncartoned UnexpandedPlastic, with Solid Shelves Greater Than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)

Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)K-factor

16.8 (235),160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS



45 (13.5) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRASat Every Tier










Table 2.3.7.4(o) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastic with SolidShelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)



Uncartoned Expanded Plastic with Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2)Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C) or 160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160), 280°F(140°C)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS35 (10.5) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS DNA 30 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS45 (13.5) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5





45 (13.5) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 520 (6.0) 40 (12.2) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS


at Every Tier45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) & 1 Level IRAS


at Every Tier25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) & 1 Level IRAS


at Every Tier


Table 2.3.7.4(p) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of Class1, 2, 3, and 4 Commodities

Commodity MaximumStorageHeight,ft (m)


Wet-Pipe, No A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No A.S. Pressure, psi(bar)

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C) or

160°F (70°C)

K-factor16.8 (235),

160°F(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C)

Class 1and 2

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 10 (0.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)40 (12.2) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8)Note 6

DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8)Note 7

50 (15.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 6 DNA 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 7Class 3 25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)Class 4 15 (4.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

15 @ 50 (3.5)50 (15.0) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

15 @ 50 (3.5)50 (15.0) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)45 (13.5) DNA 20 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)

15 @ 50 (3.5)50 (15.0) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) DNA 20 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

Note 6: This design is based on the most remote 6 sprinklers on the most remote 6 branchlines.

Note 7: This design is based on full-scale fire testing conducted by FM Global. Specifics of the testing and the type of sprinkler system utilized are confidentialand can only be discussed with FM Global clients. Any sprinkler system using this design must be reviewed by FM Global (this service only available to FM Globalclients) and found to be in full compliance with all applicable FM Global guidelines in order to be considered acceptable for insurance purposes.



Table 2.3.7.4(q) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of Cartoned and UncartonedUnexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic



Cartoned and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded PlasticWet-Pipe, No A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 16.8 (235),160°F (70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C) or 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C)

15 (4.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)35 (10.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)40 (12.2) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

15 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5)50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

40 (12.2) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)15 @ 50 (3.5)

50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 525 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 18 @ 50 (3.5) Note 8 DNA 30 @ 50 (3.5)

20 @ 50 (3.5)50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5






Table 2.3.7.4(r) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Solid-Piled and Palletized Storage of Cartoned andUncartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic


MaximumBuilding

Height, ft (m)

Cartoned and Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded PlasticWet-Pipe, No A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 16.8 (235),160°F (70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C) or 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C)

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)35 (10.5) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7)

15 @ 50 (3.5)40 (12.2) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA Scheme A Note 5


15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7)

35 (10.5) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 30 @ 25 (1.7)15 @ 50 (3.5)

40 (12.2) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA Scheme A Note 515 @ 50 (3.5)

50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 520 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

15 @ 50 (3.5)40 (12.2) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7) DNA Scheme A Note 5


25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 22 (1.5) Note 13 18 @ 50 (3.5) Note 8 DNA Scheme A Note 550 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 535 (10.5) 40 (12.2) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5




Table 2.3.7.4(s) Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage ofUncartoned Expanded Plastic


MaximumBuilding

Height, ft (m)

Uncartoned Expanded PlasticWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar) Dry-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 16.8 (235),160°F (70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C) or 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)

K-factor 11.2 (160),280°F (140°C)

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) DNA 15 @ 25 (1.7) DNA 25 @ 25 (1.7)30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 515 (4.5) 30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 520 (6.0) 30 (9.0) DNA 15 @ 50 (3.5) DNA 25 @ 50 (3.5)

50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 530 (9.0) 50 (15.0) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) DNA Scheme A Note 5 DNA Scheme A Note 5




2.3.7.5 Suppression Mode Sprinklers

The protection options utilizing Suppression Mode sprinklers are provided in Tables 2.3.7.5(a) through2.3.7.5(h) as follows:

• Tables 2.3.7.5(a) through 2.3.7.5(d) are dedicated to rack storage. These tables do not require anyinterpolation and/or adjustments to the indicated values.

• Tables 2.3.7.5(e) through 2.3.7.5(h) are dedicated to solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storagearrangements. These tables do not require any interpolation and/or adjustments to the indicated values.

Once a design is determined, reference Sections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 to determine the required hose streamallowance and duration timeframe, respectively, for the chosen protection scheme. If in-rack sprinklers areneeded, see Sections 2.3.4.2.1 through 2.3.4.2.3 for their proper spacing, positioning and location and Section2.3.4.3 for their design criteria. Additional information regarding ceiling and in-rack sprinklers can be foundin Sections 2.3.3 and 2.3.4, respectively.

Table 2.3.7.5(a) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, and 4 Commodities, and CartonedUnexpanded Plastic with Open Shelves

MaximumStorage

Height, ft (m)

MaximumBuilding

Height, ft (m)

Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, Class 4 and Cartoned Unexpanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C)Upright

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 20(1.4)

12 @ 25(1.7)

12 @ 35(2.4)

12 @ 35(2.4)

12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 50(3.5)

32 (9.6) 12 @ 25(1.7)

12 @ 30(2.1)

12 @ 42(2.9)

12 @ 42(2.9)

12 @ 60(4.1)

12 @ 60(4.1)

35 (10.5) 12 @ 30(2.1)

12 @ 35(2.4)

12 @ 52(3.6)

12 @ 52(3.6)

12 @ 75(5.2)

12 @ 75(5.2)

40 (12.2) 12 @ 40(2.7)

12 @ 45(3.1)

12 @ 52(3.6)

DNA 12 @ 75(5.2)

DNA

45 (13.5) 12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 63(4.3) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90(6.2) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) 12 @ 30(2.1)

12 @ 35(2.4)

12 @ 52(3.6)

12 @ 52(3.6)

12 @ 75(5.2)

12 @ 75(5.2)

40 (12.2) 12 @ 40(2.7)

12 @ 45(3.1)

12 @ 52(3.6)

DNA 12 @ 75(5.2)

DNA

45 (13.5) 12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 63(4.3) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90(6.2) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) 12 @ 40(2.7)

12 @ 45(3.1)

12 @ 52(3.6)

DNA 12 @ 75(5.2)

DNA

45 (13.5) 12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 63(4.3) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90(6.2) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) 12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 50(3.5)

12 @ 63(4.3) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90(6.2) & 1

Level IRAS

DNA



Table 2.3.7.5(b) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic with Open Shelves



Uncartoned Unexpanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C) Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C) Upright

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 50 (3.5) Scheme ANote 5

32 (9.6) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 60 (4.1) Scheme ANote 5

35 (10.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 75 (5.2) Scheme ANote 5

40 (12.2) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5)

& 1 LevelIRAS

12 @ 50 (3.5)& 1 Level

IRAS

12 @ 63 (4.3)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 75 (5.2) Scheme ANote 5

40 (12.2) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5)

& 1 LevelIRAS

12 @ 50 (3.5)& 1 Level

IRAS

12 @ 63 (4.3)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5)

& 1 LevelIRAS

12 @ 50 (3.5)& 1 Level

IRAS

12 @ 63 (4.3)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5)& 1 Level

IRAS

12 @ 50 (3.5)& 1 Level

IRAS

12 @ 63 (4.3)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2)& 1 Level

IRAS

DNA


Table 2.3.7.5(c) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Cartoned Expanded Plastic with Open Shelves



Cartoned Expanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C) Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C) Upright

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5)32 (9.6) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 60 (4.1) 12 @ 60 (4.1)

35 (10.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA




Table 2.3.7.5(d) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastic with Open Shelves



Uncartoned Expanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C) Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C)Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C) Upright

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 75 (5.2) Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 100(6.9)

Scheme ANote 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 100(6.9)

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Table 2.3.7.5(e) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, and4 Commodities, and Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic



Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, Class 4, Cartoned Unexpanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor16.8(235),

160°F (70°C),Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Upright

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 20 (1.4) 12 @ 25 (1.7) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5)32 (9.6) 12 @ 25 (1.7) 12 @ 30 (2.1) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 60 (4.1) 12 @ 60 (4.1)

35 (10.5) 12 @ 30 (2.1) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 52 (3.6) 12 @ 52 (3.6) 12 @ 75 (5.2) 12 @ 75 (5.2)40 (12.2) 12 @ 40 (2.7) 12 @ 45 (3.1) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 63 (4.3) DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2) DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) 12 @ 30 (2.1) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 52 (3.6) 12 @ 52 (3.6) 12 @ 75 (5.2) 12 @ 75 (5.2)40 (12.2) 12 @ 40 (2.7) 12 @ 45 (3.1) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 63 (4.3) DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2) DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) 12 @ 40 (2.7) 12 @ 45 (3.1) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 63 (4.3) DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2) DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) DNA DNA DNA DNA



Table 2.3.7.5(f) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of UncartonedUnexpanded Plastic



Uncartoned Unexpanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C),Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Upright

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 50 (3.5) Scheme ANote 5

32 (9.6) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 60 (4.1) Scheme ANote 5

35 (10.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 75 (5.2) Scheme ANote 5

40 (12.2) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) Scheme A

Note 5Scheme A

Note 512 @ 63 (4.3) DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2) DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 75 (5.2) Scheme ANote 5

40 (12.2) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) Scheme A

Note 5Scheme A

Note 512 @ 63 (4.3) DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2) DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 52 (3.6) DNA 12 @ 75 (5.2) DNA45 (13.5) Scheme A

Note 5Scheme A

Note 512 @ 63 (4.3) DNA 12 @ 90 (6.2) DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA DNA DNA DNA




Table 2.3.7.5(g) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of Cartoned ExpandedPlastic



Cartoned Expanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C),Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Upright

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 35 (2.4) 12 @ 50 (3.5) 12 @ 50 (3.5)

32 (9.6) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 42 (2.9) 12 @ 60 (4.1) 12 @ 60 (4.1)

35 (10.5) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

40 (12.2) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA DNA DNA DNA


Note 11: This design of 12 AS 60 psi (4.1 bar) is applicable only for shelf and bin-box storage, or either solid-piled or palletized storagein a ″closed″ array.



Table 2.3.7.5(h) Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage of UncartonedExpanded Plastic



Uncartoned Expanded PlasticsWet-Pipe, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 25.2(360), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 22.4(310), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 16.8(235), 160°F

(70°C),Upright

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Pendent

K-factor 14.0(200), 160°F

(70°C),Upright

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 75 (5.2) Scheme ANote 5

30 (9.0) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 100(6.9)

Scheme ANote 5

35 (10.5) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

40 (12.2) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 60 Note11 (4.1)

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

12 @ 100(6.9)

Scheme ANote 5

35 (10.5) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

40 (12.2) 12 @ 60 (4.1)Note 11

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

35 (10.5) 40 (12.2) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA


Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA Scheme ANote 5

DNA

40 (12.2) 45 (13.5) Scheme ANote 5

Scheme ANote 5

DNA DNA DNA DNA


Note 11: This design of 12 AS 60 psi (4.1 bar) is applicable only for shelf and bin-box storage, or either solid-piled or palletized storagein a ″closed″ array.



3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 General

The fire protection recommendations contained in this data sheet are based on testing, loss experience andengineering judgment. Not every situation has been tested, nor has every potential solution been identified.Use of options different from those identified here should only be made after careful consideration of allvariables involved.

4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 FM Global

Data Sheet 1-2, Earthquakes

Data Sheet 1-10, Smoke and Heat Venting in Sprinklered Buildings

Data Sheet 1-19, Fire Walls, Subdivision and Draft Curtains

Data Sheet 1-21, Fire Resistance of Building Assemblies

Data Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression Mode Sprinklers

Data Sheet 2-7, Installation Rules for Sprinkler Systems Using Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA)Sprinklers

Data Sheet 2-8, Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems

Data Sheet 2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA)

Data Sheet 7-29, Flammable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers

Data Sheet 8-1, Commodity Classification

Data Sheet 8-24, Idle Pallet Storage

Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aisle: An aisle is the clear space of 4 ft (1.2 m) wide or greater normally maintained between commoditiesstored in racks or on the floor for the transfer of commodities to or from the rack or storage pile.

Approved: References to ″Approved″ in this data sheet mean the product or service has satisfied the criteriafor FM Approval. Refer to the Approval Guide, a publication of FM Approvals, for a complete listing of productsand services that are FM Approved.

Bin-Box Storage: Storage in five-sided containers, with little or no space between containers, where the openside faces an aisle. Depths of bins are no more than 2 ft (0.6 m).

Clearance: The clear space maintained between the top of storage and either the deflector of the ceilingsprinkler (minimum clearance) or the ceiling above (excessive clearance). A minimum clearance of 3 ft (1.0 m)is required between the top of storage and the deflector of the ceiling sprinkler for all sprinkler types. ForControl Mode Density Area sprinklers, clearance greater than 20 ft (6.0 m) between the top of storage andthe ceiling above is considered excessive. See Section 2.3.7.3.3 for the options this data sheet offers forexcessive clearance.

Commodity: A commodity is the combination of product, packaging material, container, and material handlingaids (e.g., pallet), upon which commodity classification is based.

Data Sheet 8-1, Commodity Classification, contains commodity classification guidelines. The purpose ofassigning a commodity classification is to allow specification of the proper level of fire protection. A commodityclassification is dependent on how the product burns and how the burning product responds to the application



of sprinkler discharge. Protection specifications in this data sheet are based on the following categories ofcommodity:

• Class 1

• Class 2

• Class 3

• Class 4

• Cartoned Unexpanded Plastics

• Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics

• Cartoned Expanded Plastics

• Uncartoned Expanded Plastics

Encapsulation: A method of packaging consisting of a plastic sheet completely enclosing the sides and topof a pallet load containing a combustible commodity or a group of combustible commodities or combustiblepackages. Totally noncombustible commodities on wood pallets enclosed only by a plastic sheet as describedabove are not considered to be encapsulated. The term ″encapsulation″ also applies to individual cartonsthat are enclosed on the top and sides in plastic, and to cartons waterproofed by coatings on the exteriorsurfaces. (An example of a waterproof carton is one used to export sensitive equipment by ship and needsto be protected from the ocean atmosphere.)

The term ″encapsulation″ does not apply to individual plastic enclosed items inside a larger non-plasticenclosed or non-waterproofed container. If holes or voids in the plastic or waterproof cover on the top of thecarton exceed more than half the area of the top, the term ″encapsulation″ does not apply.

Encapsulation only affects protection requirements for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities stored in racks andprotected by Control Mode Density Area sprinklers. Protection requirements for solid-piled, palletized, shelfand bin-box storage are not affected by the presence of encapsulation, nor are any protection designs that useSuppression Mode or Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers.

Flue Spaces: The open spaces between rows of storage. In rack storage, the longitudinal flue spaces areperpendicular to the direction of loading, and transverse flue spaces are parallel to the direction of loading(FigureA-1). Flue spaces within storage racks should be 6 in. (150 mm) wide. However they must have at leasta 3 in. (75 mm) wide net clear space in order to be considered a flue. A net clear space is the actual widthof the flue space minus the width of any obstructions (such as rack uprights). In solid-piled and palletizedstorage, flue spaces may run in either direction.

Figure A-1. Typical double-row (back-to-back) rack arrangement



Horizontal Barriers: Solid barriers on a horizontal plane within a rack, beneath which in-rack sprinklers areinstalled. They extend to both ends and both aisle faces of the racks, and are fitted to within 2 in. (50 mm) ofany vertical rack member or other equipment that would create an opening, such as vertical in-rack sprinklerpipe drops. Their purpose is to impede vertical fire spread by blocking off normally open flue spaces, whilealso helping to achieve prompt in-rack sprinkler operation by banking heat down to the in-rack sprinklers thatmust be installed under each barrier.

In-Rack Sprinklers: See Rack Storage Sprinklers.

Movable Racks: See Rack Storage.

Open-Frame Rack Storage: See Rack Storage.

Open-Top Combustible Containers: Five-sided, open-top containers made of wood, cardboard, plastic orother combustible material. They prevent water from running over the top of the container and down the fluesand also can collect water from discharging ceiling sprinklers, preventing that water from reaching the lowerlevels of burning storage, where it is needed to either suppress or control the fire. Noncombustible open-topcontainers or combustible open-top containers that do not collect water (such as containers with wire meshsides or large side openings at the bottom of the container) and have product that will allow the water tofreely flow through the container, do not fall into this category.

Palletized Storage: This is storage on pallets. Pallet loads of storage are placed one on top of another.

Pallets: Material handling aids upon which unit loads of commodity are placed to ease the transport ofcommodity from place to place (Figure A-2). Pallets may be wood, metal or plastic. Conventional pallets havestringers to accommodate lift trucks for handling unit loads. Slave pallets (less than 20 ft2 ) are special flatbottomed pallets captive to a material handling system.

Portable Racks: See Rack Storage.

Rack Storage: Storage in racks that use combinations of vertical, horizontal and diagonal members, withor without solid shelves, to support stored material. Racks may be fixed in place or portable. Loading maybe done either manually by using lift trucks, stacker cranes, or hand placement, or automatically by usingmachine-controlled storage and retrieval systems.

Open-frame rack storage is void of any solid shelves within the storage array and has adequate flue spacesto allow sprinkler water penetration throughout the height of the rack. All vertical surfaces available for burningshould be located either at the face of the rack or at a flue space. Rack storage arrangements that mustbe protected as if solid shelves are present include (1) racks with solid shelves greater than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2),(2) racks without solid shelves but do not have adequate transverse flue spaces at least every 6 ft (1.8 m)horizontally, (3) racks with grated shelves that are not at least 70% uniformly open, (4) racks with solid slatsthat are not fixed in place, (5) racks with fixed-in-place solid slats that do not result in at least 3 in. (75 mm)

Figure A-2. Typical pallets



wide open flue spaces (regardless of the distance between the slats), or (6) racks without solid shelves butthe storage within the racks does not guarantee adequate flue spaces.

Single-row racks have no longitudinal flue spaces, are up to 6 ft (1.8 m) deep and have aisles at least 4 ft(1.2 m) wide. Double-row racks are two single-row racks placed back to back separated by a longitudinal fluespace, with aisles at least 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. Multiple-row racks are racks greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) wide,or single-row or double-row racks separated by aisles less than 4 ft (1.2 m) wide having an overall width,including flues, greater than 12 ft (3.7 m). Multiple-row racks can be drive-in, drive-through, flow-through,push-back or double-deep standard racks. The rack depth is the determinant.

Portable racks are not fixed in place. They can be arranged in any number of configurations, and includewire baskets without solid sides and bottoms and open-top containers without solid sides but with solidbottoms; Five-sided open-top combustible containers with solid sides and bottoms are treated as open-topcombustible containers. Protect portable racks based on the requirements for multiple-row racks. However,adequate flue spaces are needed at the edges of these racks in order to allow sufficient water penetration fromceiling sprinklers as well as allow the racks to be treated as open-frame. In addition, if product arrangementon the racks can result in vertical surfaces available for burning inside the edges of the racks, then arrangethe bottom of the racks so they are a minimum of 70% open.

Movable racks are on fixed rails or guides. They can be moved in one direction only in a horizontaltwo-dimensional plane. A moving aisle is created as abutting racks are loaded or unloaded, then moved acrossthe aisle to abut other racks. Movable rack arrangements generally result in the same protection needs asfor multiple-row racks.

Figures A-3 through A-11 show typical rack configurations.

Rack Storage Sprinklers (also called In-Rack Sprinklers or Intermediate Level Sprinklers): These sprinklersare typically Control Mode Density Area sprinklers equipped with an attached water shield over the top ofthe operating element.

The water shield prevents wetting of the operating element by water from sprinklers at a higher elevationin the rack or at ceiling level. Note that the water shield is not a heat collector and has virtually no effect onhow fast the in-rack sprinkler will operate.

Rack storage sprinklers are classified as either longitudinal in-rack sprinklers or face in-rack sprinklers. Bothtypes of sprinklers are located at the transverse flue space within the storage array and positioned so thatwater can be delivered both into the flue spaces they are protecting as well as across the top of any storageat the level the in-rack sprinklers are provided. Face in-rack sprinklers are located within 18 in. (450 mm)of the edge (face) of the rack with longitudinal in-rack sprinklers located, as required, throughout the innerareas of the rack no more than 3 in. (75 mm) from their designated transverse flue space.

Longitudinal in-rack sprinklers oppose vertical fire growth up through the flues as well as horizontal fire spreadwithin the rack. Face in-rack sprinklers accomplish the same goals as longitudinal in-rack sprinklers, butalso oppose vertical fire growth on the external face of storage while simultaneously providing a water curtainbetween two adjacent racks to hinder fire jump across the aisle.

When in-rack sprinklers (face or longitudinal) are not provided under a horizontal barrier or more than onelevel of sprinklers is needed and the sprinklers are not located at every transverse flue space, the in-racksprinklers must be staggered vertically. In addition, when face in-rack sprinklers are needed and can beinstalled at every other transverse flue space they must be staggered horizontally.

Shelf Storage: This is storage on a structure where solid shelves are less than 30 in. (0.8 m) deep, measuredfrom aisle to aisle, and usually less than 2 ft (0.6 m) apart vertically.

Solid-Piled Storage: This is on-floor storage, without pallets or other material handling devices. Unit loadsare placed on top of each other, leaving no horizontal spaces between unit loads.

Solid Shelving: Solid shelving is fixed-in-place solid, slatted (fixed or non-fixed), grated (less than 70% open),or other types of shelves located within racks that negatively impact on the amount of sprinkler water thatcan reach the entire vertical length of the rack. Solid shelves in racks promote horizontal fire spread andobstruct sprinkler water penetration down through the racks.

The area of a solid shelf is defined by minimum net clear flue space width of 3 in. (75 mm) at all four edgesof the shelf. A net clear flue space width is the gross width of the flue space minus the width of any obstruction(such as a rack upright). For example, 5 in. (125 mm) flues which have 2 in. (50 mm) wide horizontal rack



Figure A-3. Double-row rack

Figure A-4. Double-row racks with solid shelves



members within the space would be acceptable because the net flue space width is 3 in. (75 mm).

Racks with fixed slatted shelves can be treat as open-frame racks provided that (1) the racks meet thedefinition of open-frame without the presence of the slats, and (2) the slats still allow a minimum 3 in. (75mm) net clear flue space width at all flue spaces. Otherwise, treat the racks as if they had solid shelves.

Racks with slats that are not fixed-in-place should be treated as racks with solid shelves.

Multiple-row racks that have pallet loads butted in one direction, and with minimum 3 in. (75 mm) net clearwidth transverse flue spaces on each side of each butted row, are not considered to be rack storage havingsolid shelves.

Figure A-5. Double-row racks with slatted shelves



Figure A-6. Automatic storage type rack



Portable racks having solid bottoms not exceeding 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) and adequate flue spaces at all four edgescan be protected as multiple-row open-frame racks.

Rack storage of nested or pyramided rolled fabric storage on side, or rack storage of other products thatcan create large shielded areas with no chance for sprinkler water penetration, need to be evaluated carefully.It may be necessary to treat such storage as rack storage having solid shelves, depending on the total areaof shielding and the degree of obstruction to water penetration.

Storage Height: The measurement from the floor to the top of storage.

Tier: While the natural tendency is to use the term to describe each vertical segment of storage within arack, this is not how it is used in this data sheet. The term ″tier″ is used only to define the location for in-racksprinklers. It is defined as a vertical unit of storage ranging from 31⁄2 to 6 feet (1.1 to 1.8 m) with a 5 ft (1.5 m)increment used as the nominal tier height throughout the data sheet. For example, a 20 ft (6.0 m) high rackwith eight levels of storage, each 21⁄2 ft (0.8 m) high, would have 5 ft (1.5 m) tiers under the definition. Thiswould mean that, for a situation requiring in-rack sprinklers in every tier, sprinklers would be provided at the5, 10 and 15 ft (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 m) levels, not every 21⁄2 ft (0.8 m). For a similar rack that has 3 ft (0.9 m)storage height intervals and an overall storage height of 21 ft (6.3 m), would require in-rack sprinklers atthe 6 ft (1.8 m), 12 ft (3.7 m) and 18 ft (5.4 m) storage levels if in-rack sprinklers were needed at every tierlevel.

Figure A-7. Multiple-row rack served by reach truck



Figure A-8. Flow-through pallet rack



Figure A-9. Drive-in rack, two or more pallets deep. A fork truck drives into the rack to deposit and withdraw loads in thedepth of the rack.



Figure A-10. Flow-through and portable racks



Figure A-11. Cantilever rack



APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

May 2006. Minor editorial changes were made for this revision.

January 2006. Revisions were made to Table 2.3.7.3(r).

September 2005. Revisions were made to the different tables.

May 2005. Revisions were made to the Table 2.1.2(a).

January 2005. Minor editorial changes were made for this revision.

Changes made in the September 2004 revision include:

Terminology for Sprinklers: FM Approvals now uses four separate categories of sprinkler type, three of whichare now utilized in this version. They are Suppression Mode (formerly referred to as ESFR), Control ModeSpecific Application (formerly referred to as Large-Drop) and Control Mode Density Area (formerly referred toas Standard) sprinklers.

Due to the number of new sprinkler types now available for use, the protection tables have been reformattedbased on sprinkler type, as well as commodity hazard and storage arrangement. The reformatting of theprotection tables lead to a reorganization of the data sheet with subsections now based on sprinkler typerather than storage arrangement.

Protection options for Plastic commodities no longer take into account Group type, but simply whether theyare unexpanded or expanded, and whether they are cartoned or uncartoned. In addition, reference topolyurethane plastic and rubber have also been removed from the data sheet as Data Sheet 8-1, CommodityClassification, addresses how to classify the hazard they present.

The protection options for Shelf storage are now grouped with Bin-Box storage rather than Solid-Piled andPalletized storage. In addition, Shelf storage and Bin-Box storage are considered to have inherently FavorableFactors, regardless of the type of Plastic commodity. As a result, Favorable Factors has to be determinedas ″Yes″ or ″No″ only for Plastic commodities maintained in either a Solid-Piled or Palletized storagearrangement and protected by Control Mode Density Area sprinklers.

The protection tables for Control Mode Density Area sprinklers protecting rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)high have been modified in several ways. There are now nine protection tables instead of two, with each tablespecific to the rack type (SRR, DRR or MRR) and the size of the shelving present (open, 20-64 ft2 [2.0 -6.0 m2] , or greater than 64 ft2 [6.0 m2] ). As a result, Table 3.3.7.3(AA), 20 to 64 ft2 (1.9 to 5.9 m2) SolidShelves, has been eliminated. Other modifications to the protection tables include (1) the tables no longerinclude columns for IRAS Face and Longitudinal Flue Spacing or IRAS Stagger, (2) instead of a Note thatindicates possible adjustments to the table’s indicated density, the tables now provide the density anddemand area for storage heights either (a) up to 5 ft (1.5 m) above the top level of in-rack sprinklers or (b)over 5 ft (1.5 m) and up to 10 ft (3.0 m) above the top level of in-rack sprinklers, (3) for a given height ofstorage above the top level of in-rack sprinklers, the density requirements for all three storage arrangementsare now the same.

The figures representing in-rack sprinkler spacing and location for rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) highprotected by Control Mode Density Area sprinklers have been modified as follows, (1) each figure is specificto both the rack type and the shelving size, (2) the in-rack sprinklers shown in each figure’s Plan View arenow represented at the intersection of the transverse flue spaces, and (3) information regarding the in-racksprinkler’s spacing and location is now provided as a Note on the figure.

Reference for earthquake protection of both storage racks and sprinkler systems has been added to thedata sheet.

Comparisons to other standards, such as NFPA, have been deleted. As a result, Section 5.4, National FireProtection Association (NFPA) Standards, has been eliminated.

Metric values provided in this version of the data sheet have been modified, as needed, so they are nowbased on ″realistic″ and ″design desired″ values instead of strict mathematical conversion values.

New protection options have been provided within the protection tables for all storage arrangements involvingControl Mode Specific Application sprinklers to account for excessive clearance. In addition, new protectionoptions have been provided within the protection tables for solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storagearrangements protected by Control Mode Density Area sprinklers to account for excessive clearance.



In an effort to simplify the options available to the user, new supporting tables have been created for thehazard associated with Open-Top Combustible Containers (all sprinkler types) and Excessive Clearance(Control Mode Density Area). In addition, two new options have been added to the new Excessive Clearancetable to help account for excessive clearance involving Control Mode Density Area sprinklers.

A new supporting table has been created that provides the required density and demand area for ceiling-levelControl Mode Density Area sprinklers when extra levels of in-rack sprinklers are provided. This table replacesthe previous Table 3.3.7.2(AA), Ceiling Sprinkler Density Adjustments, which provided guidelines on howto adjust the density obtained from a protection table. As a result, an adjustment to the existing densityobtained from the protection tables is no longer necessary due to the presence of extra levels of in-racksprinklers.

The wording previously listed in Section 3.3.4, In-Rack Sprinklers (IRAS), has been amended to stress thecritical importance of locating the in-rack sprinklers at the intersection of flue spaces as well as providinga proper stagger for multiple in-rack sprinkler levels in the absence of horizontal barriers.

The protection option known as ″Scheme A″ from Data Sheet 7-29 has been incorporated into this versionof the data sheet as a means of isolating and protecting small amounts of high hazard commodities thatcannot be protected by the existing or proposed sprinkler systems. The design provided in Data Sheet 7-29has been modified for this data sheet as follows: (1) the number of in-rack sprinklers flowing is based on6 sprinklers if the rack to be protected with Scheme A protection is single-row, or 8 sprinklers if the protectedrack is double- or multiple-row; (2) the number of in-rack sprinklers in the design is not tied to a numberof sprinklers flowing on 2 lines; (3) the design is based on a minimum flow of 60 gpm (230 l/min) insteadof 50 psi (3.5 bar); and (4) the use of FM Approved K11.2 (K160) quick-response sprinklers are permitted inaddition to FM Approved K8.0 (K115) quick-response sprinklers.

The minimum operating pressure for all Control Mode Density Area sprinklers is now 7 psi (0.5 bar).

The horizontal and vertical spacing for in-rack sprinklers is now consistent throughout the data sheetregardless of storage height or aisle width.

The previous Section 3.3.7.2.3, Special Procedure for Evaluating Existing Systems Using Standard or ELOSprinklers to Protect Class 1-4 Commodities and Which Have Ceiling Sprinkler Design Areas Other than2000 ft2 (186 m2) for Wet Pipe Systems, or 2,600 ft2 (242 m2) for Dry-Pipe Systems (and Preaction SystemsTreated as Dry-Pipe Systems), has been eliminated.

Table 3.3.7.4(AA), Suppression Mode (ESFR) Automatic Sprinkler Protection for Plastic Commodities, hasbeen eliminated since the information it contained has been incorporated into the new protection tables.

Table 3.3.3.2, Extension Design Area for 286°F (141°C) Sprinklers, has been eliminated. The data sheet nowrecommends that the extension of the design and the sprinkler type protecting the area with the higher hazardbe the same.

Tables 3.3.7.2, Rack Storage Up Through 25 ft (7.6 m) High, and 3.3.7.4, Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf andBin-Box Storage, have been eliminated due to the reorganization of the data sheet.

Any information that is not specific to this data sheet and is covered in other FM Global data sheets hasbeen eliminated. As a result, information previously provided in Sections 3.1.2, Roof Construction, 3.1.3, RoofSlope, 3.3.4.6, In-Rack Sprinkler Piping, 3.3.4.7, In-Rack Sprinkler Control Valves, 3.3.4.8, In-Rack SprinklerSystem Size, 3.3.4.9, In-Rack Sprinkler System Waterflow Alarms and Test Connections, and Figure 3.3.4.7,Supply pipe arrangement to sprinklers at ceiling and in-racks, have been eliminated. In addition, the locationrequirements of heat detection for pre-action in-rack sprinkler systems has also been eliminated and replacedby the appropriate reference in other data sheets.

As a supplement to the two existing figures representing in-rack sprinkler protection for multiple-row rackstorage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high, two new figures were added. They include (1) a second option of in-racksprinklers when the protection tables indicate that more than one level of in-rack sprinklers is required, and(2) a representation of the in-rack sprinkler arrangement when solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) arepresent. In addition, Figure 2.3.4.2(b) has been modified so that all the ″X″ in-rack sprinklers are at the top ofthe second tier level and all of the ″triangle″ in-rack sprinklers are at the top of the fourth tier level, in orderto reduce the cost of the installation to a FM Global client while at the same time offering the same levelof in-rack sprinkler protection.



Former Figure 3.3.7.3(k), which is now Figure 2.3.7.3(l), has been clarified that it applies only to wet-pipesprinkler systems.

Section 2.1.1, General, has been enhanced to include a recommendation for proper anchorage of the storageracks.

Table 2.1.3.1, Acceptable Types of Heat and Smoke Vents, has been modified to account for a new FMApproved drop-out heat vent that is acceptable in the presence of Suppression Mode sprinklers. In addition,the recommendation to provide an additional sprinkler under the center of a vent that cannot be equippedwith a temperature link per Table 2.1.3.1 has been amended to say that the additional sprinkler should bequick-response.

The definition of ″Flue Spaces″ in Section 2.2.2 and Appendix A has been enhanced to include the minimumclear space needed in order to be considered acceptable for rack storage shelving purposes.

The requirement of longitudinal flue spaces for double-row racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) high has been eliminatedfrom Section 3.2.2, Flue Spaces, Pile Stability, Product Spillage and Product Form. However, this is onlypermissible as long as there are no longitudinal flue spaces for the entire vertical height of the rack.

Portable racks were added to former Section 3.2.4 (now Section 2.2.4), Special Storage Considerations,and provided with additional guidance to define when they can be treated and protected as open-frame(multiple-row) racks.

The term ″Single-Row Rack″ was eliminated from any reference for racks wider than 9 ft (2.7 m) in Section3.3.4.2.1, Open-Frame Racks with No Solid Shelves, since a single-row rack cannot be this wide.

Additional information has been provided in Section 2.3.7.3.4, Favorable vs. No Favorable Factors, to helpbetter clarify the term Favorable Factors.

Section 2.0, General, has been deleted and the definition of terms has been relocated to Appendix A.

The section on Interpolation for Control Mode Density Area sprinklers has been modified to include anequation for interpolation.

The definition for ″Aisle″ in Appendix A has been enhanced to include the minimum acceptable width of 4 ft(1.2 m) so that it is consistent throughout the data sheet.

The definition for ″Clearance″ in Appendix A has been enhanced to include and define the term ″excessiveclearance″.

The definition of ″Rack Storage″ in Appendix A has been modified so that a minimum distance of 4 ft (1.2 m)is now required to avoid single-row or double-row racks as being treated as multiple-row racks, the definitionfor portable racks has been enhanced to stress the need for acceptable flue spaces in order to be treatedas open-frame (multiple-row) racks, grating must be a minimum of 70% to be considered open-frame, andslatted shelves that are not fixed-in-place automatically default to solid shelves.

The definition of ″Rack Storage Sprinklers″ in Appendix A has been enhanced to stress the importance oflocating the sprinklers at the intersection of flue spaces and providing, when required, vertical stagger.

The definition of ″Solid Shelving″ in Appendix A has been enhanced to stress the need for openings at thetransverse flue spaces in order to be considered open-frame racks.

Efforts were made to eliminate as many notes as possible from the protection tables.

Changes made in May 2003 Revision

Minor editorial changes were made.

Changes made in January 2003 Revision

Recommendation 3.3.3.5 Storage Clearance added.



Changes made in September 2002 Revision

The following new sections have been added:

• Section 3.3.8.5 was added to incorporate the guidelines for the K22.4 Suppression Mode sprinklerpreviously covered in Engineering Bulletin #06-01.

• Section 3.3.8.6 was added to incorporate the guidelines for the newly Approved TYCO Model TY7126K16.8 Upright Suppression Mode Sprinkler.

Changes made in September 2001 Revision

In line with the changes described in Section 1.2, item 1, under ‘‘Changes made in the May 2001 Revision,’’the following changes are incorporated into the September 2001 version:

1. In Tables 3.3.7.2(a), (d), (g), and (j), in the ESFR column for all four storage heights and building heightof 45 ft (13.5 m), replaced ‘‘12 @ 90 psi (6.1 bar)’’ with ‘‘DNA.’’

2. In Table 3.3.7.2(m), in the ESFR column for all four storage heights and building height of 45 ft (13.5 m),replaced ″Note 14″ with ″DNA,″ and also deleted Note 14 that follows that table.

Note: ‘‘12 @ 90 psi (6.1 bar)’’ entries in Table 3.3.7.4(a) through (d) for solid-piled/palletized storage to 35ft (10.5 m) in 45 ft (13.5 m) buildings remain valid as the change made in the May 2001 version appliedonly to rack storage.

Changes made in May 2001 Revision

1. The guidelines in Section 3.3.7.3, item 1, part b for protecting storage of Class 1-4, and cartoned anduncartoned unexpanded plastic commodities in buildings over 40 ft (12.2 m) up to 45 ft (13.5 m) usingK14.0 pendent Suppression Mode sprinklers at the ceiling only, have been rescinded as a result of recenttesting. Item 1, part C has been renumbered as part b. Storage of Class 1-4 and cartoned unexpandedplastic commodities in 45 ft (13.5 m) high buildings can be protected by K25.2 (K360) Suppression Modesprinklers at the ceiling only as outlined in Section 3.3.8.1. There is no longer a method for protectinguncartoned unexpanded plastic storage in buildings higher than 40 ft (12.2 m) with Suppression Modesprinklers at the ceiling only.

2. A new Section 3.3.8.4 has been added to incorporate the guidelines for the K16.8 (K235) SuppressionMode sprinkler previously covered in Engineering Bulletin #15-00.

3. A new Section 3.3.8.5 has been added to incorporate guidelines for the upright K14.0 (K200)Suppression Mode sprinkler previously covered in Engineering Bulletin #14-00.

Changes Made in May 2000 Revision

1. New text is added in Section 2.2.2.1 to address flue spaces blocked by rolls of fabric, fiber or othermaterials and that create a solid shelf effect.

2. Tables 3.3.7.2(i), (l), (o) and (r) are revised to recommend in-rack sprinklers for racks up to 10 ft (3.0 m)high that have solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) and are used to store Class 3, 4 and plasticscommodities.

3. New guidelines are added in Section 3.3.8.1 for K25.2 (K360) Suppression Mode sprinklers to protectuncartoned unexpanded plastic storage.



Changes Made in the September 1999 Revision

1. Guidelines for K-factor 25.2 (360) Suppression Mode sprinklers and for K-factor 16.8 (235) ControlMode Specific Application sprinklers has been relocated to new Section 3.3.8.

2. Engineering Bulletin 5-99, ″K-factor 25.2 Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Exposed ExpandedPolystyrene and Polyurethane in Closed Array Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage,″ dated June 7, 1999,has been incorporated in Section 3.3.8.

Changes Made in the March 1997 Revision

1. Guidelines for use of Suppression Mode sprinklers in buildings up to 45 ft (13.5 m) high have beenadded. Note the limits on storage height and commodity, and required design pressures as covered in theappropriate tables and text. Commodity is limited to cartoned and uncartoned unexpanded plastic or less,and storage height is limited to 35 ft (10.5 m) for palletized/solid-piled storage and open-frame rackstorage without in-rack sprinklers, and to 40 ft (12.2 m) open-frame rack storage when one level ofquick-response in-rack sprinklers are installed per data sheet guidelines.

2. Figure 3.3.7.3(k) and the associated Table 3.3.7.3(a) reference have been changed to allow 9 ft (2.7 m)wide racks to accommodate common non-North American rack designs and pallet dimensions.



FM DS 0809

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