FM 23-23

D E P A R T M E N T O F T H E A R M Y F I E L D M A N U A L

ANTIPERSONNEL MINE M18A1 AND M18

(CLAYMORE)

H E A D Q U A R T E R S , D E P A R T M E N T O F T H E A R M Y J A N U A R Y 1 9 6 6

This copy is a reprint which includes current pages from Changes 1 and 2.

FM 23-23C2

CHANGE HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

N O . 2 WASHINGTON, D.C. 30 March 1973

ANTIPERSONNEL MINE, M18A1 and M18 (CLAYMORE) FM 23-23, 6 January 1966, is changed as follows:

Page 2, para 3, line 13. The words “(knife-edge sight on later model)” is added after “slit/typesight,”.

Page 2, para 3, line 15. The last sentence of paragraph 3 is changed to read: An instruction sheetfor the M18A1 mine is attached to the inside cover of the bandoleer. The instruction sheet which accom-panies the M18A1 mine having the knife-edge sight is shown in figure 3.

TAGO-3366A 1

C2, FM 23-23

Page 3. Figure 1 is superseded.

2

C2, FM 23-23

Page 6. Figure 3 is superseded.

3

C2, FM 23-23

Page 8, para 7c(9), line 1. The words “Peepsight and arrows.” are changed to read “Sight andarrows.”

Page 8, para 7a(9), line 2. The words “(or knife-edge sight)” are added after the word “peepsight”.

Page 9, para 7b(2), line 2. The word “assembly” is added after the word “cap”.

Page 9, para 7b(2). The following note is added:Note. With mines of later manufacture, the M4 electrical blasting cap assembly is wound on a spool.Page 11, paragraph 12 is superseded as follows:

12. Installation for Electrical Firinga. Laying and Aiming.

(1) Laying.(a) Check to see that the mine and all accessories (fig. 2) are in the bandoleer. Read the instruc-

tion sheet (fig. 3) attached inside the bandoleer cover before installing the mine.(b) Remove the electrical firing wire leaving the mine and other accessories in the bandoleer.

Warning: During installation the M57 firing device must be kept in the possession of the maninstalling the mine to prevent accidental firing by a second man.

(c) Secure the shorting plug end of the firing wire at the firing position. Place the bandoleeron your shoulder and unroll the firing wire to the position selected for emplacing the mine.

Note. The instructor sheet which accompanies the M18A1 mine with slit-type peepsight indicates that the firing wirecan be unrolled from the mine or from the firing position; however, the firing wire should always be laid from the firing psitionto the mine emplacement.

(d) Remove the mine from the bandoleer; turn the legs rearward and then downward. Spreadeach pair of legs about 45 degrees. One leg should protrude to the front and one to the rear of themine. Position the mine with the surface marked “FRONT TOWARD ENEMY” and the arrows ontop of the mine pointing in the direction of the enemy or the desired area of fire. On snow or extremelysoft ground the bandoleer may be spread beneath the mine for support.

(e) To prevent tipping in windy areas or when the legs cannot be pressed into the ground,spread the legs to the maximum (about 180° so that the legs are to the front and rear of the mine.A top view of the M18A1 antipersonnel mine is shown in figure 10.

(2) Aiming.(a) Mines with slit-type peepsight.

1. Select an aiming point which is about 50 meters (150 feet) to the front of the mine andabout 2½ meters (8 feet) above the ground (fig. 11).

2. Position the eye about 15 centimeters (6 inches) to the rear of the sight. Aim the mineby sighting through the peepsight. The groove of the sight should be in line with the aiming point.The aiming point should be in the center of the desired area of coverage, and the bottom edge of thepeepsight should be parallel to the ground that is to be covered with the fragment spray.

(b) Mines with knife-edge sight.1. Select an aiming point at ground level that is about 50 meters (150 feet) in front of the

mine.2. Position the eye about 15 centimeters (6 inches) to the rear of the sight. Aim the mine

by alining the two edges of the sight with the aiming point (fig. 11.1).b. Arming and Electrical Firing.

(1) Secure the firing wire about 1 meter behind the mine so it will not become misalined shouldthe firing wire be disturbed.

(2) Test the firing device, test set, and blasting cap assembly as described in paragraph 15.

4

C2, FM 23—23

Warning. Make certain that the combination shorting plug and dust cover is assembled to theconnector of the firing wire before proceeding with installation of the mine.

(3) Unscrew one of the shipping plug priming adapters from the mine. Slide the slotted end of theshipping plug priming adapter (fig. 12) onto the firing wires of the blasting cap between the crimpedconnections and the blasting cap. Pull the excess wire through the slotted end of the adapter until thetop of the blasting cap is firmly seated in the bottom portion of the shipping plug priming adapter.Screw the adapter with blasting cap into the detonator.

Warning. Make certain that the face of the mine marked “Front Toward Enemy” and thearrows on top of the mine point in the direction of the enemy.

(4) Recheck the aim of the mine. Camouflage the mine and, if possible, bury the firing wire toprotect it from fire and enemy detection. Make certain you have the bandoleer and other accessoriesand then move back to the firing position.

Warning. The mine firing position should be in a foxhole or covered position at least 16meters to the rear or the side of the emplaced mine.

(5) Before connecting the M57 firing device (fig. 5) to the firing wire, make certain that the safetybail is in the SAFE position and that all friendly troops within 250 meters of the front and sides and100 meters of the rear of the mine are under cover. Do not connect the firing device to the firing wireuntil the actual time of firing.

(6) To fire the mine, remove the dust cover on the firing device, remove the combination shortingplug and dust cover from the end of the firing wire, and connect the firing device to the firing wire.Fire the mine by positioning the firing device safety bail in the FIRE position and actuating the firingdevice handle with a firm, quick squeeze.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:CREIGHTON W. ABRAMSGeneral, United States Army

Official: Chief of StaffVERNE L. BOWERSMajor General, United States ArmyThe Adjutant General

Distribution:

To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12–11 requirements for Antipersonnel Mine, M18,and M18A1.

5

FM 23-23C 1

CHANGE HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

No. 1 WASHINGTON, D.C., 17 December 1968

ANTIPERSONNEL MINE M18A1 AND M18 (CLAYMORE) FM 23-23, 6 January 1966, is changed as follows: is approximately 150 feet in front of the mine.Page 12, paragraph 12 a. Subparagraph 12 a (5) is Position the eye approximately 6 inches (15 cm.)added as follows: to the rear of the sight. Aim the mine by alining

(5) When using the mine with the knife-edge the two edges of the sight with the aiming pointsight, select an aiming point at ground level that (fig. 11.1).

Page 13, figure 11.1 is added as follows:

Page 33, appendix IV, paragraph 2 b is superseded personnel Mine, M18A1 (Claymore)” illustratesas follows: the mine and its methods of employment.

b. Graphic training aid (GTA) 7-1-15, “Anti-

AGO 713A—December 340—470068—68

C 1, FM 23-23

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

Official:KENNETH G. WICKHAM,Major General, United States Army,The Adjutant General.

W. C. WESTMORELAND,General, United States Army,Chief of Staff.

Distribution:To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-11 requirements for Antipersonnel Mine, M18

and M18A1 (CLAYMORE).

TAGO 713A

pittengk

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Section I.

1. Purpose and Scopea. This manual provides guidance for com-

manders and instructors presenting instructionand training on the functioning, installation,and employment of the antipersonnel mine,CLAYMORE.

b. This manual describes the M18A1 anti-personnel mine, CLAYMORE, its functioning,and installation. It provides a basis for con-ducting training utilizing the electric firingsystem issued with the mine. It also givesguidance for tactical employment and safetyrequirements. An earlier model of the CLAY-MORE antipersonnel mine, the M18, is cov-ered in appendix II.

c. The material contained herein is applica-ble without modification to both nuclear andnonnuclear warfare.

d. Users of this manual are encouraged tosubmit recommended changes or comments to

GENERAL

improve the publication. Comments should bekeyed to the specific page, paragraph, andline of the text in which the change is recom-mended. Reasons should be provided for eachcomment to insure understanding and com-plete evaluation. Comments should be for-warded direct to the Commandant, UnitedStates Army Infantry School, Fort Benning,Ga. 31905.

2. Roles of the Antipersonnel Mine,CLAYMORE

The number of ways in which the CLAY-MORE may be employed is limited only bythe imagination of the user. The CLAYMOREis used primarily as a defensive weapon, buthas its application in the offensive role. Itmust be emphasized that when the CLAY-MORE is referred to as a weapon, this im-plies that it is employed in the controlled role.In the uncontrolled role, the CLAYMORE isconsidered a mine or boobytrap (FM 20–32 ).

Section II. DESCRIPTION

3. GeneralThe M18A1 antipersonnel mine was stand-

ardized in 1960, and replaced the M18 anti-personnel mine (app. II). Both mines are sim-ilar in appearance and functioning. TheM18A1 (fig. 1) is a directional, fixed-fragmen-tation mine. When employed in the controlledrole, it is treated as a one-shot weapon. It isprimarily designed for use against massed in-fantry attacks; however, its fragments are alsoeffective against light vehicles. The M18A1mine is equipped with a fixer plastic slit-typesight, adjustable legs, and two detonator wells.

2

The mine and all its accessories are carriedin the M7 bandoleer (fig. 2). The instructionsheet for the M18A1 is shown in figure 3.

4. Casualty EffectsWhen detonated, the M18A1 mine will de-

liver spherical steel fragments over a 60° fan-shaped pattern that is 2 meters high and 50meters wide at a range of 50 meters (fig. 4).These fragments are moderately effective upto a range of 100 meters and can travel upto 250 meters forward of the mine. The opti-mum effective range (the range at which the

Figure 1. The M18A1 antipersonnel mine (CLAYMORE).3

most desirable balance is achieved betweenlethality and area coverage) is 50 meters.

5. Danger Areaa. Danger From Fragments (fig. 4). The

danger area consists of a 180° fan with a radiusof 250 meters centered in the direction ofaim.

b. Danger Area of Backblast and SecondaryMissiles (figs. 4 and 24). Within an area of16 meters to the rear and sides of the mine,backblast can cause injury by concussion(ruptured eardrums) and create a secondarymissile hazard.

(1) Friendly troops are prohibited to therear and sides of the mine within aradius of 16 meters.

(2) The minimum safe operating distancefrom the mine is 16 meters. At thisdistance, and regardless of how themine is employed, the operator shouldbe in a foxhole, behind cover, or lyingprone in a depression. The operatorand all friendly troops within 100meters of the mine must take cover toprevent being injured by flying sec-ondary objects such as sticks, stones,and pebbles.

4

5

6

7

CHAPTER 2

MECHANICAL TRAINING

Section I. INTRODUCTION

6. GeneralThis section describes and illustrates the

M18A1 antipersonnel mine and the electric andnonelectric firing systems that can be usedto detonate the mine.

7. Detailed Descriptiona. Mine.

(1) Nomenclature --Mine, antipersonnel,M18A1.

(2) Common name _CLAYMORE.(3) Type -------------Antipersonnel.(4) Weight -------------3½ pounds.(5) Dimensions ---- 8½ inches long; 1 3/8

inches wide; 3¼inches high (legsfolded); 6¾ incheshigh (legs unfold-ed).

(6) Firing unit The outer surface ofconstruction. the mine is a

curved, rectangu-l a r , olive-drab,molded case of fi-berglass-filled poly-styrene (plastic).In the front por-tion of the case isa fragmentationf a c e containingsteel spheres emb-bedded in a plasticmatrix. The backportion of the casebehind the matrixcontains a layer ofexplosive.

(7) Explosive -------------1 ½ pounds of com-position C4.

8

(8)

(9)

(l0)

Detonator wells. Two detonator wellsare located on the top of the minewhich allows for single or dual prim-ing. These wells are sealed by theplug ends of the shipping plug prim-ing-adapters which prevent entry offoreign materials into the detonatorwells. The slotted end of the shippingplug priming-adapter is used to holdan electric blasting cap in place whenthe mine is armed. The shipping plugpriming-adapter is merely reversedwhen the mine is to be armed.Peepsight and arrows. The moldedslit-type peepsight and arrows (fig.10) located on top of the mine areused to aim the mine.Legs. Two pairs of scissors-type fold-ing legs located on the bottom of themine enable it to be emplaced on theground. The mine can also be tiedto posts, trees, etc.

b. Accessories.(1) M57 firing device.

(a) One M57 electrical firing device isissued with each M18A1. This de-vice is a hand-held pulse generator.A squeeze of the handle producesa double (one positive, one nega-tive) 3-volt electric pulse of suffici-ent energy to fire the electric blast-ing cap through the 100 feet offiring wire which is issued with themine. The M57 device is 4 incheslong, approximately 1½ incheswide, 3¼ inches high, and weighsthree-fourths of a pound. On oneend of the firing device is a rubberconnecting plug with a dust cover.

(b)

(c)

The M57 firing device is shown infigure 5.The safety bail on the M57 elec-trical firing device (fig. 6) has twopositions. In the upper SAFE posi-tion, it acts as a block between thefiring handle and the pulse genera-tor. In the lower FIRE position, itis clear of the firing handle andallows the pulse generator to beactivated. The M18A1 antiperson-nel mine with the M57 firing deviceconnected is shown in figure 7.The M57 electrical firing device andfiring wire should not be discardedafter initial use. Another electricblasting cap can be attached to thefiring wire and the M57 device canbe used to fire other devices, such asfougasse bombs and demolitioncharges, provided no more than 100feet of firing wire and one M6blasting cap are used.

(2) M4 electric blasting cap. The M4electric blasting cap (fig. 7) consistsof an M6 electric blasting cap attachedto 100 feet of firing wire. Attached tothe firing wire connection is a com-bination shorting plug and dust cover.The shorting plug prevents accidentalfunctioning of the blasting cap bystatic electricity; the dust cover pre-vents dirt and moisture from enter-

(3)

ing the connector. The firing wire iswrapped around a flat paper and thenrolled to form a package 6 inches long,4 inches wide, and 2 inches high. Apiece of insulating tape is used to holdthe package together.M40 test set. The M40 test set (figs.17 and 18) is an instrument used forchecking the continuity of the initiat-ing circuit of the mine. (For furtherdetails on the M40 test set, see para15.)

Note. Only one of the six bandoleers ineach packing box contains a test set. Thebandoleer containing the test set is markedby an identification tag on the carryingstrap (fig. 2).Bandoleer. The M7 bandoleer (fig. 2)c. M7

is constructed of water resistant canvas (olive-drab color) and has snap fasteners which se-cure the flap. The bandoleer has two pockets;one pocket contains the mine and the other con-tains a firing device, a test set, and an electricblasting cap assembly. A 2-inch wide web strap,which is used assewn to the bag.to the inside flap

. .a shoulder carrying strap, isAn instruction sheet is sewn(fig. 3).

9

161-020 0 - 94 - 2

Section II. COVERAGE AND METHODS OF FIRE

8. Fire Discipline

Since the M18A1 mine can be fired only once,fire discipline is of paramount importance. Themine should not be used against single person-nel targets; rather, it should be used for its in-tended purpose—massed personnel. When leadelements of an enemy formation approach with-in 20 to 30 meters of the mine, it should bedetonated. If practicable, and to insure firediscipline, actual authority and responsibilityfor target selection and timely detonationshould rest with squad leaders or their su-periors.

9. Controlled Frontal Coveragea. For effective coverage of the entire front

of a position, mines can be placed in a line nocloser than 5 meters and no farther apart than45 meters. Preferred lateral and rearward sep-aration distance is 25 meters (fig. 8).

b. If mines are placed in depth (from frontto rear), the minimum rearward separationdistance is 5 meters, provided secondary mis-siles are removed. This distance is sufficient

to prevent possible disturbance or damage tothe rearward mines.

10. Methods of FireThe M18A1 mine can be employed in either

the controlled or uncontrolled role.a. Controlled Role. The mine is detonated

by the operator as the forward edge of theenemy approaches a point within the killingzone (20 to 30 meters) where maximum casual-ties can be inflicted. Controlled detonation maybe accomplished by use of either an electricalor nonelectrical firing system (fig. 9). Whenmines are employed in the controlled role, theyare treated the same as individual weapons andare reported for inclusion in the unit fire plan.They are not reported as mines; however, theemplacing unit must insure that the mines areeither removed, detonated, or turned over toa relieving unit.

b. Uncontrolled Role. Uncontrolled firing isaccomplished when the mine is installed insuch a manner as to cause an unsuspectingenemy to detonate the mine. Mines employedin this manner must be reported and recordedas land mines.

10

Section III. FUNCTIONING AND INSTALLATION

11. Functioninga. Electrical Firing. When the M18A1 is

armed, actuating the M57 firing device handle(fig. 5) with the safety bail in the FIRE posi-tion provides sufficient electrical energy todetonate the M6 electric blasting cap. Thedetonation of the blasting cap, in turn, sets offthe high explosive charge (composition C4).Detonation of the high explosive charge causesfragmentation of the plastic matrix and pro-jects spherical steel fragments outward in afan-shaped pattern (fig. 4). This mine issufficiently waterproof to function satisfactorilyafter having been submerged in salt or freshwater for 2 hours.

b. Nonelectrical Firing. The M18Al mine isdeliberately detonated by the operator pullingor cutting a trip wire attached to a nonelectricalfiring device (fig. 9). A nonelectric blasting capattached to the firing device and crimped to alength of detonating cord sets off the detonatingcord. At the other end of the detonating cord,

a second crimped nonelectric blasting cap,which is inserted in one of the detonator wells,detonates the mine.

12. Installation for Electrical Firinga. Laying and Aiming.

(1)

(2)

(3)

Remove the mine and accessories (fig.2) from the bandoleer. Read the in-struction sheet (fig. 3) attached tothe flap of the bandoleer before pro-ceeding with the installation of themine.The M57 firing device must be in thepossession of the individual installingthe mine. This prevents accidentalfiring by a second individual.Turn the legs downward and spreadthem about 45° apart. Twist bothpairs of legs so that one leg protrudesahead and one behind the mine, andposition the mine so that the surfacemarked FRONT TOWARD ENEMY

11

(4)

12

and the arrows on top of the casepoint in the direction of the enemyor the desired area of fire. On snowor extremely soft ground (mud), thebandoleer may be spread beneath themine for support. To prevent the minefrom tipping in windy areas, or whenthe legs cannot be pressed into theground, carefully spread the legs tothe maximum width (approximately180°) so that the legs will be to thefront and rear of the mine. A topview of the M18A1 antipersonnel mineis shown in figure 10.Select an aiming point (tree, bush,etc.) that is approximately 150 feetfrom the mine and which projects ap-proximately 8 feet above the ground(fig. 11). This approximates 2½meters at a distance of 50 meters.Position the eye approximately 6inches (15 cm.) away from the mineand aim the mine by sighting throughthe peepsight. The groove of the sight

should be in line with the aimingpoint. The aiming point should be inthe center of the desired area of cov-erage, and the bottom edge of thepeepsight should be parallel to theground that is to be covered with thefragment spray.

b. Arming and Electrical Firing.(1) Unscrew either the right or left

shipping plug priming-adapter, andreverse it to allow the firing wire tobe placed into the slot provided inthe priming-adapter portion (fig. 12).Remove the insulation tape and un-roll the paper form from the firingwire. Make sure that the firing wireis uncoiled without tangling or kink-ing. Retain the paper form and thetape for possible future use. Holdthe blasting cap while unwinding ap-proximately 3 meters of the firingwire. Make certain that the combina-tion shorting plug and dust cover are

13

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

14

assembled to the connector of thefiring wire before placing the blastingcap into the detonator well. Wrapthe firing wire around a stake lo-cated approximately 1 meter from themine to prevent the mine from be-coming misalined if the firing wireis disturbed.A firing circuit test (para 15) shouldbe conducted before the blasting capis placed into the detonator well. Thistest checks the continuity of the firingcircuit.Slide the slotted end of the shippingplug priming-adapter on the firingwires of the blasting cap between thecrimped connections and the blastingcap. Pull the excess wire through theslotted end of the shipping plug prim-ing-adapter until the top of the blast-ing cap is firmly seated in the bottomportion of the shipping plug priming-adapter. Screw the shipping plugpriming-adapter and the blasting capinto the detonator well.

Warning: Make certain that theface of the mine marked “front towardenemy” and the arrows on top of themine point in the direction of theenemy.Recheck the aim of the mine. Camou-flage the mine and unwind the re-maining firing wire to the firing po-sition. If possible, bury the firingwire to protect it from artillery fireand detection. The operator shouldbe in a foxhole, or in a covered posi-tion at least 16 meters behind or tothe side of the emplaced mine. Ifpossible, perform the tests in para-graph 15 before arming the M18A1.If the area is subjected to mortar orartillery bombardment, retest the cir-cuit.Remove the dust cover from the con-nector on the firing device; also, re-move the combination shorting plugand dust cover from the end of thefiring wire. Plug in the two con-nectors. Before connecting the firingwire to the M57 firing device (fig. 5),

(6)

(7)

the safety bail must be in the SAFEposition. Before attaching the firingdevice, insure that personnel are un-der cover at least 250 meters awayfrom the front and sides of the mineand at least 100 meters to the rearof the mine. The firing device shouldnot be connected to the firing wireuntil the actual time of firing.After testing (para 15), the mineis ready for firing. To fire the mine,position the firing device bail in theFIRE position.Fire with a firm, quick squeeze of thefiring device handle.

13. Installation for Nonelectrical FiringA nonelectric firing system utilizing a ring

main is shown in figure 13. Instructions forlaying, aiming, and arming the mine using twononelectric M7 blasting caps, a piece ofdetonating cord approximately 25 feet long, apull wire, and a pull-type or pull release-typefiring device, such as the M1 or the M3 is dis-cussed in a and b below. Instructions for lay-ing, aiming, and arming the mine using a dualfiring system and a ring main is discussed inc below. To arm the mine by the methods de-scribed below, a thorough knowledge of ex-plosives and demolition materials and the useand installation of land mines and boobytrapsis required. Material on these subjects andtechniques is contained in FM 3-5, FM 5-25,FM 5-31, FM 20-32, FM 31-10, TM 9-1375–200 and TM 9-1345-200.

a. Pull Wire Initiation of the Mine (con-trolled).

(1)

(2)

Laying and aiming the mine are per-formed in the same manner as forelectrical firing. For details on layingand aiming, see paragraph 12 a.Crimp a nonelectric blasting cap toa firing device. With the nonelectricblasting cap attached, fasten the firingdevice to the detonating cord withtape. Using tape, wire, twine or cord,fasten the firing device securely to afirmly emplaced stake (fig. 13). In-sert the detonating cord into a sec-ond nonelectric blasting cap andcrimp the cap to the detonating cord.Carefully insert the cap into the

(3)

detonator well. Secure the cap in thedetonator well by carefully taping ortying the detonating cord to the mine.A method of taping detonating cordto a nonelectric blasting cap is shownin figure 14.Attach a pull wire securely to the pullring of the firing device. The pullwire should be sufficiently long toallow actuation of the firing devicefrom a protected position at least 16meters to the rear of the mine. Caremust be taken during emplacement tosecure the firing device so that themine will not be dislodged by a pullof the detonating cord of the trip-wire.

b. Tripwire Initiation of the Mine (uncon-trolled).

(1)

(2)

(3)

Laying and aiming the mine are per-formed in the same manner as forelectrical firing. For details on lay-ing and aiming, see paragraph 12 a.The preliminary steps used to armthe mine are the same as those de-scribed in a (1) through (3) above.The tripwire and the firing device,which are stretched across a trail orother avenues of approach, must besecurely attached to two stakes firmlyemplaced in the ground at a distanceof 20 to 30 meters forward of themine (fig. 15).

15

c. Nonelectric Method Using Dual Firing orRing Main.

(1) Dual firing.(a) Obtain two 10-meter lengths of (d)

(b)

(c)

detonating cord, four M7 nonelec-tric blasting caps, and two pull-typefiring devices. Details for using (e)dual firing or ring main systems arecontained in FM 5-25.Remove both shipping plug prim-ing-adapters from the mine.Crimp an M7 nonelectric blasting

the mine. While moving back to asafe firing position, unwind thedetonating cord.Emplace the mine and the deto-nating cord as described in a (1)through (3) above.Attach a pull-type firing device anda tripwire (or pull wire) to thefree end of each piece of deto-nating cord (fig. 13). Use the pro-cedures described in a or b above.

(2) Ring Main.cap to the end of each piece of (a)detonating cord. Insert the caps in-to the detonator wells, and carefully (b)tape or tie the detonating cord to

Follow the instructions in (1) (a)through (d) above.Make a ring main as described inFM 5-25 (fig. 13).

16

(c)

(d)

When mines are emplaced one be-hind the other, the one nearest theenemy is generally fired first. Minesemplaced laterally may be fired inany order or simultaneously.The mine and the danger areaaround the mine must be visiblefrom the firing position so thatfriendly personnel in the vicinity ofthe mine may be seen.

14. Camouflagea. Although the M18A1 is painted olive-drab

to facilitate camouflaging, it is necessary toblend the mine into its surroundings to pre-vent its detection.

b. Only lightweight foliage, such as leavesand grass should be used to avoid increasingthe secondary missile hazard to the rear ofthe mine.

c. Both the front and rear of the mine shouldbe camouflaged with foliage. The firing wireshould also be camouflaged or buried under-ground. If used, detonating cord should notbe buried; however, it may be covered withlight foliage. For the principles and methodsof camouflage, see FM 5-20.

15. Testinga. M40 Test Set. One M40 test set is pro-

vided with each case of six M18A1’s. The testset is an instrument used for checking the con-tinuity of the electrical firing circuit. Ashipping tag on the carrying strap marks thebandoleer which contains the test set. The test

17

set is 2 inches long, 1½ inches high, and weighs8 ounces. A small window is located on top ofthe test set and is used for observing the flashesof the indicating lamp (figs. 17 and 18). TheM18A1 antipersonnel mine set up for circuittesting is shown in figure 16.

b. Detailed Circuit Testing Procedure. Thefiring circuit test should be conducted beforethe blasting cap is placed into the detonatorwell. This precaution will prevent the de-struction of the mine if the testing set mal-functions and detonates the electric blastingcap. If the blasting cap is detonated duringtesting, it can be replaced by a standard elec-tric blasting cap attached to the remainingfiring wire. Before and after completion ofthe firing device and blasting cap continuitytests, ascertain that the firing device safety bailis in the SAFE position.

(1) Testing the M57 firing device and theM40 test set.

(a) Remove the dust cover from theconnector of the firing device andfrom the female connector of thetest set. Plug the test set into thefiring device (fig. 5). Leave thecombination shorting plug and dustcover assembly on the other endof the test set. Position the firingdevice bail to the FIRE positionand actuate the handle of the firingdevice with a firm, quick squeezeand observe the flashing of the lamp

through the window of the test set.The window of the test set shouldbe held near the eye when checkingthe firing device and blasting capcircuitry. This minimizes the riskof enemy observation in the darkand enables the operator to see thelamp flashing, even in bright sun-light.

(b) Flashing of the lamp indicates thatthe firing device is functioningproperly. If the lamp does not flash(on and off), it could be causedby corrosion on the electric con-nectors of the test set. The firer canovercome this by connecting anddisconnecting the shorting plug dustcover on the M40 test set. If thetest set indicates that several firingdevices are faulty, retest with an-other set since the first one may bedefective. Side and top views of theM40 test set are shown in figures17 and 18.

(2) Testing the blasting cap.(a) After determining that the firing

device and test set are operative,remove the shorting plug dust cov-er from the connector of the firingwire and from the end of the testset. Plug the connector of the firingwire into the test set. Position theM57 firing device bail to the FIRE

18

(b)

(c)

position. Insure that no friendlypersonnel are near the blasting cap,as it may detonate.

DETAILED CIRCUIT TESTINGIS CONDUCTED WITHOUT THEBLASTING CAP INSERTED INTOTHE DETONATOR WELL.When the handle of the firing de-vice is actuated, a lamp in the win-dow of the test set will flash. Thisflash indicates that the blasting capcircuitry is satisfactory. If thereis no flash, replace the blasting capand retest.Immediately after the circuit test,the firing device is disconnectedfrom the firing wire and the short-ing plug dust cover is connected

(d)

to the firing wire. The operator re-turns to the mine WITH THEFIRING DEVICE IN HIS POS-SESSION and inserts the blastingcap into the detonator well. Theoperator then rechecks the aim ofthe mine and returns to his firingposition.If an extended period of time lapsesbetween the circuit test and theinsertion of the blasting cap intothe detonator well, or if the area issubjected to artillery or mortar fire,another test should be conducted.

Note. If time available precludes theconduct of a circuit test with the blastingcap removed from the mine, then an ab-breviated test may be conducted with theblasting cap inserted into the detonator

19

well. If an abbreviated test is conducted,all personnel must be under cover at least250 meters away from the front and sidesof the mine and 100 meters to the rear ofthe mine.

16. Disarming and Destructiona. Disarming a Mine with an Electrical

Firing System.(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Prior to disarming the mine, the firingdevice safety bail must be in theSAFE position.Disconnect the firing wire from thefiring device. Replace the combina-tion shorting plug dust cover on thefiring wire connector and the dustcover on the firing device connector.Unscrew and remove the shippingplug priming-adapter containing theblasting cap from the mine. Removethe blasting cap and firing wire fromthe shipping plug priming-adapter.Reverse the shipping plug priming-adapter, and screw the plug end ofthe adapter into the detonator well.Remove the firing wire from the stake.Reroll the blasting cap and firing wireand place it in its cardboard con-tainer.Remove the mine from its emplace-

ment. Repack the mine and its ac-cessories into their respective pocketsin the bandoleer.

b. Disarming a Mine with a NonelectricalFiring System.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Prior to performing (2) through (6)below, render the firing device safeby replacing all safety pins.Disconnect the pull wire or tripwirefrom the nonelectric firing device.Remove the detonating cord and blast-ing cap from the detonator well.Using crimpers, cut the blasting capfree of the detonating cord. Non-electric blasting caps and detonatingcord crimped together can be sepa-rated only by cutting the blasting capfree of the detonating cord.Replace the shipping plug priming-adapter and screw it into the deto-nator well, plug end down. Remove the mine from its emplacedposition and repack. Store accessoryitems in appropriate containers.

c. Destruction of Mine to Prevent EnemyUse. CLAYMORES can be most quickly de-stroyed by detonation or burning. For properdestruction procedures, see TM 9-1345-200.

20

CHAPTER 3

TRAINING

17. GeneralTraining is divided into two phases—phase

I and phase II. Phase I training is designedto familiarize the soldier with the charac-teristics, capabilities, and installation of theM18A1 using its electrical firing system. Inphase II training, the soldier receives furtherinstruction in nonelectrical firing systems,tactical employment, and other advanced train-ing. This training is designed to fully preparethe soldier to employ the mine effectively incombat.

18. Phase I Traininga. Purpose. To provide the minimum amount

of training required to employ the M18A1 withthe electrical firing system in the controlledrole, using the components found within theM7 bandoleer.

b. Elements of Phase I Training. The soldierreceives training in the following areas:

(1)

(2)

(3)(4)

Characteristics, mechanical training,and capabilities of the M18A1 (para3-l0).Aiming, sequence of installation, cir-cuit testing, and disarming (para 12,15, and 16 a).Safety procedures (app. III).Camouflage techniques (para 14).

c. Practical Exercises. Emphasis should beplaced on practical exercises using inert orsimulated mines.

19. Phase II Traininga. Purpose. To provide the soldier with the

necessary skills and tactical knowledge to ef-fectively employ the CLAYMORE, utilizingboth electrical and nonelectrical firing sys-tems.

b. Elements of Phase II Training. In addi-tion to phase I training, the soldier is furthertrained in the following areas:

(1)

(2)(3)(4)

Controlled and uncontrolled nonelec-tric firing systems (para 13).Dual firing systems (para 13).Ring main systems (para 13).Tactical employment (ch 4).

c. Practical Exercises. Initially, practicalexercises should be conducted in installing inertor practice mines using pull wire and tripwireactuation of the mine and in dual firing andring main systems. Inert or simulated items,such as detonating cord, nonelectrical firing de-vices, and caps should be substituted for liveexplosives. Practical exercises should empha-size employment of the CLAYMORE in vari-ous tactical situations.

d. Use of Live Explosives. As the soldierbecomes more proficient in inert installation,training progresses to the use of live explo-sives. He is trained in firing systems and demo-lition equipment as described in FM 5–25.

e. Proficiency. To maintain proficiency afterthe completion of phase II training, the soldiershould employ inert mines during field train-ing in both the controlled and uncontrolledroles.

21

CHAPTER 4

TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT

20. GeneralThe M18A1 mine is primarily a defensive

weapon. It may be employed to a limited ex-tent in certain phases of offensive operations.The M18A1 has the same basic capabilities asantipersonnel mines and can be used in mostsituations where other types of antipersonnelmines are employed. In addition, the M18A1has the capability of being sighted directionallyto provide fragmentation over a specific areaand does not necessarily rely upon chance det-onation by the enemy. The M18A1 is adaptablefor covering the ranges between maximum handgrenade throwing distance and the minimumsafe distance of mortar and artillery support-ing fires.

21. Defensea. General. The M18A1 normally is em-

ployed in the controlled role as an antiperson-nel mine. When used in conjunction with othertypes of antipersonnel and antitank mines, theemployment of the M18A1 will be governed bythe procedures described in FM 20-32.

b. Minefields.(1)

(2)

(3)

Ease of transportation, installation,and removal facilitates the use of theM18A1 in protective, defensive, andnuisance minefield.The M18A1, with its controlled dis-persion pattern, is designed to coverareas where enemy personnel attacksin force are anticipated. They maybe located singly, or in multiples (fig.8).CLAYMORES may be mixed withantipersonnel and antitank mines inconjunction with nuisance minefieldand arranged for detonation by trip-wire.

(4)

(5)

The M18A1 can supplement othermines within a protective minefield,and can be installed and employedin either the controlled or uncon-trolled roles. The configuration andcomposition of the minefield patternvaries with the terrain and tacticalsituation.The M18A1 can be used to coverportions of defensive minefield byemplacing it on the minefieldperimeter, or within the field to coverlanes between mines. The controlledmethod of employment is desirable.Care should be taken to insure thatthe mine is properly aimed to pro-vide fragmentation effect over andnot into the minefield. This can beaccomplished by securing the mineto trees or other elevated objects whichare at least 2 meters above groundlevel.

c. Find Protective Fires. The M18A1 canbe employed to fill the dead space of the finalprotective fires of automatic weapons in de-fensive positions. Depending on the importanceof the area being protected, CLAYMORE minesmay be emplaced behind each other in relativelyclose proximity. To avoid the risk of sympa-thetic detonation, mines should be placed nocloser than 5 meters apart. Normally, minesclosest to the enemy will be detonated first. Ifthe enemy continues to approach a defender’sposition, he will successively detonate rearwardmines as he comes within their range. Indetermining positions for emplacing CLAY-MORE mines, consideration must be given tothe effects of backblast on friendly positions.

d. Security of Outposts. CLAYMORE minesare easily transported and rapidly emplaced forsecurity of outposts. The mines can be in-

22

stalled for complete perimeter coverage of aposition. Time permitting, several rows canbe employed. The mine can also be emplacedto assist in covering withdrawals from out-posts.

e. Defense of Command, Combat Support,Combat Service Support Installations, and Re-serve Forces.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

CLAYMORE mines can be utilized toassist in the local security of com-mand posts and support installations;and they can be carried in vehicleslocated within these areas. In addi-tion to providing local protection forthese installations, the mines also pro-vide protection for the vehicles.CLAYMORE mines so emplacedshould be employed in the electricallycontrolled role as a protective measureagainst inflicting casualties on friend-ly personnel.It is necessary to mark, record, andreport all such positions as describedin FM 20–32. The shorting plug dustcover must be attached to the firingwire and the firing device should notbe attached until actual firing, par-ticularly in rear areas where friendlypersonnel move about extensively.Reserve forces in blocking positionsor assembly areas can use CLAY-MORES to augment their local securi-ty forces.

f. Local Security of Halted Columns. CLAY-MORES may be carried on tanks and othertypes of vehicles and emplaced for perimeterdefense of such vehicles when they are halted.As soon as they are halted, personnel will em-place the CLAYMORES for close-in protectionof the vehicles. Controlled electrical firingshould be employed for simplicity, speed, andsafety.

g. Roadblocks and Obstacles.(1) In conjunction with roadblocks,

CLAYMORES should have a clearfield of fire to cover the avenue ofapproach. Additional CLAYMORESshould be placed on the friendly sideof a roadblock. When used to coverobstacles, the CLAYMORE should be

(2)

placed 20 to 30 meters on the friendlyside of the obstacle. This distance alsoapplies to barbed wire obstacles.Controlled detonation is most desira-ble, since the firer can best judge theexact moment of detonation. How-ever, uncontrolled detonation may beemployed allowing the enemy to ac-tivate the mine when he attempts tobreach the obstacle (para 10).

h. Boobytraps. Using standard firing de-vices, CLAYMORE mines can be employed asboobytraps (para 13). Concealment of themine and a positive detonation system is es-sential. The mine must be emplaced andsighted to cover the desired area. In order toallow for the full effects of the dispersion pat-tern of the mine, it is best to locate it awayfrom the boobytrap actuation device. The mineis adaptable to many varied situations of booby-trapping, limited only by the ingenuity of theindividual emplacing the mine. Authority toemplace boobytraps requires approval by thefield army commander (FM 5-31).

i. Retrograde Operations.(1)

(2)

(3)

During a delay while on position,CLAYMORES will be employed in thesame manner as they are when em-ployed in the defense. During move-ment between positions, CLAY-MORES will be employed in the samemanner as a withdrawal.During a night-type withdrawal,which is conducted without enemypressure, CLAYMORES may be em-placed for use by the detachments leftin contact, using both controlled anduncontrolled methods of employment.CLAYMORES may be used to assistin covering the gaps left by the mainforce. They may be used singly orin conjunction with other mines tomine routes of withdrawal.If used, the rear guard can also em-ploy M18A1’s using the uncontrolledmeans of firing to assist in coveringits withdrawal to the rear. Utilizationof the M18A1 in this manner providesadded security for the detachmentsleft in contact, or the rear guard, andcan delay the enemy’s advance. How-

23

(4)

ever, since the M18A1 is employed inthe uncontrolled role, it must be re-ported and recorded as a mine.If a covering force is used during adaylight-type withdrawal, CLAY-MORES can be employed by the cov-ering force in a manner similar tothat used in any blocking position andalso employed using the same tech-niques as used during a night-typewithdrawal.

22. Offensea. General. The M18A1 can be employed in

certain phases of offensive combat, and pro-visions for its use should be considered in plan-ning offensive operations. The mine easilycan be transported by attacking troops for de-fense of assembly areas, to provide securityduring the conduct of the attack, and for pro-tection during the reorganization and consoli-dation of the objective. The M18A1 also pro-vides an economical means for establishingeffective ambushes.

b. Offensive Combat.(1)

(2)

(3)

Preparation for the attack. When aunit is approaching the enemy andoccupies an assembly area prior toan attack, it is particularly vulnera-ble to surprise enemy attacks.CLAYMORE mines can be quicklyemplaced around the perimeter of theassembly area to cover the unit duringits preparation for the attack.Conduct of the attack. During theconduct of the attack, CLAYMOREScan be employed by the flank securityforces. The ease of employment anddisarmament of the M18A1 facilitatesits use in this manner.Reorganization and consolidation.During the conduct of the attack,assaulting troops may carry CLAY-MORES for employment during re-organization and consolidation. Aftera unit has overrun an enemy positionand pursued him by fire, it must im-mediately begin consolidation of theobjective. The prompt emplacementof CLAYMORES will provide thebase for an immediate defense against

possible counterattack, while leadersreorganize their units and prepare tocontinue the attack. When the finalobjective is captured, mines should beimmediately emplaced. The emplacedCLAYMORES can be integrated intothe defensive plans as they are de-veloped.

(4) Defense of supporting elements dur-ing the attack.

(a) CLAYMORE mines can be utilizedin command posts or in the defenseof supporting units, such as mortarand artillery batteries. Immediate-ly after displacement, and as thefirst echelon of these supportingunits moves into new positions, ade-quate defense measures will be es-tablished. CLAYMORES should beemplaced initially to cover likelyavenues of enemy approach;eventually, they should be inte-grated with the fully developed de-fensive position. When displace-ments occur, the mines will be dis-armed, collected, and moved to thenext position. If the area is to beoccupied by other units, the minesmay be left in position by mutualarrangement with the relieving unit.

(b) When CLAYMORE mines are em-ployed in the defense of commandposts, supporting unit installations,or reserve forces in the rear of thebattle positions, they must be well-marked and personnel should befamiliarized with their location.

c. Ambush. CLAYMORE mines provide anexcellent, economical means for establishingeffective ambushes deep in enemy territory witha minimum use of friendly personnel. Smallgroups can easily transport a large numberof CLAYMORES; for example, one man cancarry six CLAYMORES, enough to cover afrontage up to 300 meters. CLAYMORES maybe employed in any or all of the followingways:

(1) Laterally along the killing zone of theambush, between the ambush elementand the killing zone. This method in-flicts maximum damage on dismounted

24

troops and is particularly useful incountering enemy immediate actiondrills that include assault into theambush element.

(2) At the front and rear of the killingzone (fig. 19). This method providesenfilade fire into the killing zones,greater economy of employment, andis particularly useful when the routethrough the killing zone is restrictedin width. It also provides a goodcounter in enemy immediate actiondrills that include withdrawal orforward movement out of the killingzone along the original route.

(3) Laterally or at the front and rear ofthe killing zone, on the far side ofthe killing zone from the ambush ele-ment (fig. 19). This method of em-ployment is particularly effective incountering enemy immediate actiondrills that include maneuver or with-

drawal out of the killing zone by moving away from the ambush element.Care must be taken to insure the am-bush element is protected from thefragmentation of the M18A1.

(4) Defiles. CLAYMORES are particular-ly effective in covering areas thatmight afford the enemy cover fromsmall-arms fire, such as defiles.CLAYMORES used in ambushes maybe emplaced on the ground, in trees,or on other upright objects whichinsure a clear, unobstructed, sightedfield of fire. Controlled detonation isdesirable, since this permits the firingto be delayed until that portion of theenemy which the commander desiresto catch in the ambush is in the killingzone. Mines should be carefullycamouflaged to prevent their detec-t i o n .

25

APPENDIX I

REFERENCES

AR 320-5AR 320-50AR 385-63

AR 385-65AR 700-1300-8AR 710-1300–1DA Pam 108-1

DA Pam 310-3

DA Pam 310–5FM 3–5FM 5-15FM 5-20FM 5-25FM 5-31FM 20-32FM 21–6FM 21-30FM 31-10FM 100-5FM 101-10–2

SM 9-2-1SM 9-4-1375-R03SM 9-5-1345SR 385-10SR 755-140-1TA 23-100TA 23-103TF 7-3180

TM 9-1300-206 TM 9–1345–200 TM 9-1375-200 TM 9-1900 TM 9-1910

Dictionary of United States Army Terms.Authorized Abbreviations and Brevity Codes.Regulations for Firing Ammunition for Training, Target Practice and

Combat.Identification of Inert Ammunition and Ammunition Componets.Malfunctions Involving Ammunition and Explosives.Distribution of Ammunition for Training.Index of Army Motion Pictures, Filmstrips, Slides, Tapes, and Phono-

Recordings.Military Publications: Index of Doctrinal, Training, and Organizational

Publications.Military Publications: Index of Graphic Training Aids and Devices.Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Operations.Field Fortifications.Camouflage, Basic Principles and Field Camouflage.Explosives and Demolitions.Use and Installation of Boobytraps.Land Mine Warfare.Techniques of Military Instruction.Military Symbols.Barriers and Denial Operations.Field Service Regulations—Operations.Staff Officers’ Field Manual—Organizational, Technical, and Logistical

Data—Extracts of Tables of Organization and Equipment.Stock List of All Items, Price List.Demolition Equipment Set, Explosive Initiating, Electric and Nonelectric.Ammunition and Explosives, Land Mines.Army Safety Program.Ammunition.Ammunition, Rockets, and Missiles for Training.Dummy, Drill, and Inert Ammunition.Technique of Employment, M18 and M18A1 Antipersonnel Weapons

(CLAYMORE).Care, Handling, Preservation, and Destruction of Ammunition.Land Mines.Demolition Materials.Ammunition, General.Military Explosives.

26

APPENDIX II

M18 ANTIPERSONNEL MINE

1. GeneralThe M18 antipersonnel mine is an earlier

model of the M18A1 antipersonnel mine, whichis described in chapters 1 and 2. The differencebetween the two models may be seen by com-paring figure 20 with figures 1 and 7. The M18and the M18A1 are similar in use and func-tioning. The M18 antipersonnel mine is nowlimited standard.

2. Descriptiona. General. The M18 antipersonnel mine

comes in two versions—with or without a peep-sight; otherwise, both versions are identical(fig. 20). The mine is a curved, rectangular,plastic case and contains a layer of compositionC3 explosive. It has a fragmentation face ofrectangular steel fragments. The front facecontaining the steel fragments is designed toproduce a fan-shaped spray which can be aimedat a prescribed target area. The arrow markedon top of each mine indicates the direction ofaiming. The mine has three folding-type legsand cloth tabs on each side of the mine. Thelegs of the mine are used to emplace it above

the ground; the cloth tabs are used to tie or nailthe mine to trees or posts. There is a horizontalcap well on each side of the mine. To reducedetection, the mine is covered in a camouflagepattern of green and brown fleck.

b. Detailed Description.(1) Weight --2½ pounds.(2) Detonator -Electric blasting cap.(3) Explosive - ¾ pound C–3 explosive.(4) Firing 50 feet (2–strand).

wire.(5) Firing Plastic frame with metal

device. flashlight-type electricswitch. Frame holdstwo 1.5-volt BA-30 drybatteries.

Warning: The electrical firing device issuedwith the M18 CLAYMORE is not safe. Dueto its construction, it may cause prematuredetonation of the mine. Whenever possible, thebattery holder (firing device) issued with theM18 mine should be replaced by a standardM57 firing device if the battery holder is used,both firing wires should be connected to one

27

terminal until the desired moment of detona-tion. Then the wires should be connected toboth terminals before the batteries are in-serted into the battery holder (fig. 21).

3. Effects of the M 18 Minea. Casualty Effects (fig. 22). The M18 de-

livers a large number of highly effective steelfragments in a fan-shaped beaten zone approx-imately 2 meters high and 30 meters wide at arange of 30 meters. These fragments are mod-erately effective out to 40 meters.

b. Danger Area (fig. 22).( 1 ) Danger from fragments. The danger

area consists of an 80° fan with adistance of 205 meters centered in thedirection of aim of the mine.

(2) Danger from backblast and secondarymissiles to the rear and sides of themine.

(a)

(b)

Distance of 0 to 8 meters from themine. Friendly troops are prohib-ited in this area.Distance of 8 to 16 meters from themine. Friendly troops must lieprone or be in foxholes.

(c) Distance of 16 to 50 meters fromthe mine. If all potential secondarymissiles have been removed withina 1-meter radius to the rear andsides of the mine, friendly troopsneed only shut their eyes when themine is detonated.

4. Installation and Disarminga. Arming and Laying (fig. 23).

(1)

(2)

(3)

Using the point of a 7.62-mm car-tridge or a similar shaped object,puncture the tape at either end of themine and form a hole in the explosivefor insertion of the blasting cap.Carefully remove the special electricblasting cap from the cardboard tubeand insert the cap into the hole of theexplosive. Insure that firm or positivecontact between the explosive chargeand the blasting cap has beenachieved.For emplacement above the ground,unfold the legs of the mine and pressthem firmly into the ground. Thecenter leg must be placed forward

28

(4)

(5)

of the mine to provide maximumstability.For installation on a tree or post, themine legs should remain folded.Utilizing the holes in the cloth tabs ofthe mine, secure it to the tree or postby tying or nailing. For either methodof installation, the arrow on the topof the mine must point at the center ofthe fragmentation pattern.After placement of the mine, com-pletely unwind the 50 feet of leadwires and run them to the firing posi-tion. Camouflage the mine and wire.The lead wires may be laid on top ofthe ground; however, if time permitsthey should be buried underground.This will reduce the possibility ofartillery fragments dislodging themine and cutting the wires. Leadwires of M18 mines that are tacticallyemployed must be twisted togetherand taped at two or more equidistant

places. Leads must also be shunted.This can be accomplished by attachingboth leads to the clip on the batteryholder nearest the switch. The shuntmust then be removed by detachingone of the leads and attaching it to theother clip on the battery holder beforeinstalling batteries and firing.

b. Preparation and Firing.(1) M18 mine with M68 carrying kit.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Remove the protective wood blocksfrom the battery holder.Carefully attach the lead wires tothe clips of the battery holder. Themine is now armed.Insert two 1.5-volt flashlight bat-teries (BA–30) into the batteryholder, insuring that the forwardend of each battery is facing theclip of the holder. The switch of thebattery holder must be in the OFFposition. Batteries are not providedwith the kit. Keep batteries dry and

29

(d)

(e)

warm in cold weather. Use onlyfresh or fully charged batteries.Fire by firmly pushing the switch toON position.If additional lead wire is required,add 3 volts of power for each 50feet (16 meters) of wire used, util-izing additional batteries and bat-tery holders.

(2) M18 mine with M69 carrying kit andother firing devices.

(a) The M18 mine packed in the M69carrying kit is designed for armoruse. The mine is fired by connectingthe lead wires to the battery of atank or other types of vehicles.

(b) This mine may also be fired usingpull-type firing devices, nonelectricblasting caps, and a sufficient lengthof detonating cord to bridge the

distance between the mine and thefiring devices. (See para 13, chap-ter 3 for a detailed description.)

c. Disarming.(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

If dry cell batteries and batteryholder(s) are utilized, insure that theswitches are in the OFF position, andremove lead wires from the clips ofthe holder.Short the lead wires by twisting thebare ends together.Carefully remove the blasting capfrom the mine.Rewind lead wires and return theblasting cap and wire to the cardboardtube.Remove the mine from its installedposition, fold the legs (if required),and place the mine into its originalpacking.

30

APPENDIX III

SAFETY

1. GeneralThis appendix covers the safety precautions

to be observed when firing the M18A1 and M18antipersonnel mines for training purposes.These safety precautions will assist the in-structor in conducting CLAYMORE training.They are intended as a guide only and must beused in conjunction with appropriate safetymeasures prescribed in Army and/or local in-stallation regulations.

2. Safety Precautionsa. Before firing, the officer in charge (OIC)

will check all mines to insure that—(1) Mines are installed correctly.(2) The fragmentation face of the mine is

pointed into the impact area and awayfrom friendly troops.

b. CLAYMORES will be installed only oncommand of the OIC.

c. All mines will be kept under guard untilthe OIC directs their issue.

d. Once a mine has been emplaced for firingit will not be disarmed, except by order of theOIC.

e. The firing wire will not be connected tothe firing device until ordered by the OIC.

f. When more than one mine is to be fired,the OIC will insure that a previous firing hasnot dislodged other mines in the impact area.

g. No one will enter the impact area withoutthe approval of the OIC.

h. After firing, the impact area will be in-spected to insure that all mines have detonated.

3. Operational Safety Factorsa. An individual installing a mine will carry

the firing device on his person.b. Mines must be installed in a manner that

will prevent them from becoming disoriented.

c. Blasting caps will not be inserted into thedetonator wells until the mine has been em-placed in its firing position and aimed.

d. The safety bail on the firing device mustbe in the SAFE position after the completion ofthe firing circuit test.

e. The shunt will not be removed from thefiring wire of the M18 until the operator isready to connect it to the firing device. Beforeinstalling batteries and firing, leads can beshunted by attaching both leads to the clip onthe battery holder.

f. Firing wire leads of the M18 mines thatare tactically employed must be twisted to-gether and taped at two or more equidistantplaces.

4. Misfiresa. Electrical Firing System. A misfire of an

electrically employed M18A1 must be investi-gated immediately. If the mine is dual-primedwith both electric and nonelectric caps, it willthen be necessary to wait 30 minutes before in-vestigating the cause of the misfire. Whenhandling electrical misfires, the following stepswill be taken:

(1)(2)

(3)

Shout MISFIRE (nontactical).Check the firing device connection tothe firing wire connector; make twoattempts to fire the mine.Using the M40 test set, check the con-tinuity of the electric firing circuit.

Note. Only one man at a time will investi-gate the cause of an electric misfire.

b. Nonelectrical Firing System. If the non-electric blasting cap initiator attached to thedetonating cord fails to function, delay investi-gation for at least 30 minutes. Then cut thedetonating cord between the firing device andthe mine and fasten a new firing device to thedetonating cord. If the detonating cord leading

31

to the mine detonates, but the mine fails todetonate, delay investigation until it is certainthat the mine is not burning. If the mine is notdamaged, insert a new blasting cap with det-onating cord. In training, if the mine appearsto be damaged, it should be treated as a dud anddestroyed as instructed in TM 9-1300-206.

5. Surface Danger Area for theCLAYMORE Antipersonnel Mine

(fig. 24)a. When employing the antipersonnel mines,

careful consideration must be given to thesafety of friendly troops. Emphasis must beplaced on the danger areas to the rear and sidesof the mine, as well as the killing zone to the

front. Care must be exercised when installingmines to prevent the creation of secondarymissile hazards.

b. No personnel will be allowed within 16meters of the rear of the mine. Personnel from16 to 100 meters in a 180° arc to the rear of themine will be in a covered position, lying pronein a depression, or behind some form ofprotection.

c. When a mine is installed on a tree or someother object, the secondary missile hazard can-not be eliminated. When mines are used in thismanner, friendly troops in a 16- to 100-meterradius in a 180° arc must be in a coveredposition.

32

APPENDIX IV

TRAINING AIDS

1. GeneralTraining aids should be used to the maxi-

mum during phase I and phase II training. Amodel, picture, or chart can be used to ex-plain how the mine functions or is installed.Effective training aids improve instruction andincrease understanding.

2. Training Aidsa. Training film 7–3180, "Technique of Em-

ployment, M18 and M18A1 AntipersonnelWeapons (CLAYMORE )," 27 minutes.

b. Graphic training aid (GTA) 7–1–1,“M18A1 Antipersonnel Mine, (CLAYMORE)”

illustrates the mine and its methods ofemployment.

c. When the training film and GTA are notavailable, figures 3, 10, 11, and 24 illustrate thetype of training aids that can be used to con-duct phase I training. These training aidsshould not limit the instructor’s imagination orreplace any other aids which may be availableor listed in training aids catalogs. Whereverpossible, local training aids centers should beutilized to obtain desired training aids and de-vices. These centers will loan and/or fabricatethe required aids and devices.

33

PIN: 023702-002