flywheel energy storage by bhupendra kumar , srmgpc
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Transcript of flywheel energy storage by bhupendra kumar , srmgpc
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OUTLINE
What is energy storage technology
Introduction
Operation of FES
Calculation of stored energy Benefits
Applications
Advantage & disadvantage
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WHAT IS ENERGY STORAGETECHNOLGY ?
Energy Storage technologies produce nonet energy, but can provide electric power
over limited periods of time.
Applications : Its presence in a system caneliminate the voltage swings caused byrapid changes in load, spare systemhardware from large transient currents,decrease demand charges, damp
oscillations.
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THREE COMPONENTAFFECTING COST
The cost of any electrical energy storagesystem has three components, one due tothe amount of energy stored, one due to thepower at which it must be discharged, andone from the balance of systems. These are
nearly independent.
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Contd
In the case of flywheels, the first is theflywheel rotor, the second includes themotor generator elements and the powerelectronics, and the third includes thecabinet, cooling system and other ancillarysystems.
Energy wheels are optimized for long
discharge time, and power wheels areoptimized for short discharge time.
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INTRODUCTION
Flywheel energy storage systems storekinetic energy by constantly spinning a
compact rotor in a low-friction environment.. When short-term back-up power isrequired, the rotor's inertia allows it tocontinue spinning and the resulting kinetic
energy is converted to electricity.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FESSYSTEM
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OPERATION
"no-break" system, metal flywheelconnected to motor & generator.
Input is available : machine operates in
motor mode as a synchronous conditioner. Input unavailable : synchronous machine
operates as generator using flywheelskinetic energy to supply output voltage.
Regulation system maintains output voltagein spite of drop in flywheel speed.
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FES IN DISTRIBUTEDGENERATION SYSTEM
FOUR BENEFITS:
Stabilize voltage for power users Improve generator fuel efficiency
Reduce generator emissions
Increase generator service life
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STEP INCREASE/DECREASE OFLOAD AT DISTRIBUTED GENERATIONSYSTEM
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CALCULATION OF STOREDENERGY Stored energy = sum of kinetic energy of
individual mass elements that comprise theflywheel
Kinetic Energy = 1/2*I*w2
where I = moment of inertia
w = rotational velocity
I = k*M*R2
Inertial constants for different shapes:Wheel loaded at rim (bike tire); k = 1Solid disk of uniform thickness; k =
etc.
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BENEFIT OF FES SYSTEM OVEROTHER BATTERIES
The design life for a flywheel is typicallyabout 20 years, while most batteries in UPSapplications will only last 3 to 5 years.
Frequent cycling has little impact on
flywheel life. In contrast, frequent cyclingsignificantly reduces battery life.
Flywheels avoid battery safety issuesassociated with chemical release.
Flywheel reliability is 5 to 10 times greaterthan a single battery string or about equalto two battery strings operating in parallel.
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COST ANALYSIS
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APPLICATIONS
Peak power buffer
In distribution network
UPS system
Aerospace application
Electric cars
Rail electrification
Pulse power
Wind turbines
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ADVANTAGE
Reliability
Longer life
Reduction of Required Maintenance
Does Not Require a Temperature ControlledEnvironment
Lower Life-Cycle Costs
Lower mass/KW output 85-95% round trip efficiency
Greater peak load capability
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DISADVANTAGE
Low specific energy
Safety concerns
Less mature technology than chemicalbatteries
Tensile strength of a flywheel
High cost
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FES AS GREEN TECHNOLOGY
The primary method used today forfrequency regulation is to ramp fossilfuel power plants up and down,
producing significant emissions.Flywheels will provide more reliableregulation, while generating zero
direct emissions. This woulddramatically reduce CO2 emissions,as shown in the chart at right, basedon a study funded by the DOE.
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ENCLOSURE
The fast rotation of flywheel rotors issuitable for direct generation of high
voltage. This flywheel technology is scalable and
larger machines can be constructed for theapplications of e.g. stabilizing the electric
grid.