Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregate · aggregate whose characteristics are superior to natural...
Transcript of Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregate · aggregate whose characteristics are superior to natural...
METECH IN
C.1702,7/F,BLD
G C, R
oward PLAZ
A, W
angjing,
Chao
yang
District, Be
ijing
, P.R. C
hina
100102
Tele: +86
10 6439
1879 Fax: +86
10 6439
2090
www.m
etech.com.cn
Fly Ash Lightw
eight A
ggregate
2015
Wo
rld
of
Co
al A
sh (
WO
CA
) C
on
fere
nce
in N
asvh
ille,
TN
- M
ay 5
-7, 2
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htt
p:/
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w.f
lyas
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Fly Ash Lightw
eight A
ggregate
FLY AS
H T A GLA
NCE
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.
Comparison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
FLY AS
H AT
A GLANCE
LWA Ap
plications
Go Green
Fly Ash LW
C Performance & Characteristics
What is
FLY AS
H?
With
the ever increasin
g de
mand for coal as a
n en
ergy so
urce th
ere is a grow
ing ne
ed fo
r disposing of th
e waste fly ash which re
sults
from
burning
coal. This prob
lem is growing
world wide.
Total Fly ash produ
ction world
wide is more then
600
million tons
per a
nnum
.Total con
sumption of Fly ash
world wide is less th
en 30%
.
Causes vivid enviro
nmen
tal issue
s e.g.. Con
tamination of groun
d water, spill of stored
fly ash etc.
Fly ash treated as Hazards
waste.
To m
axim
ize the usage of fly ashfor d
ispo
sal
FLY AS
H AT A GLA
NCE
Fine
ness factor
<45µ
abo
ut 35%
Fly ash fusin
g po
int
< 12
00°C
Loss of Ignition
≤5.0%
SiO2
40~50%
Al2O
325
~35%
Fe2O
310
~15%
Na2O
0.5~1%
K2O
0.5~1%
CaO
3~5%
Typical Fly Ash Che
mical Ana
lyses:
Fly Ash Lightw
eight A
ggregate
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
FLY AS
H AT
A GLANCE
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.
Comparison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
Go Green
Fly Ash LW
C Performance & Characteristics
LWA Ap
plications
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
1913
1961
Now
Artificial LWA was first m
ade
in th
e States in19
13
Sintered
Fly Ash LW
A was
first m
ade in 1961 in England
The annu
al usage of LWA in th
e de
velope
d coun
tries: abo
ut 80~100 millions m
3The annu
al usage of LWA in th
e Ch
inese market
so far (clay & sh
ale) : ab
out 4
million m3
ANew
Breakthroug
h of
Techno
logy
From
MeTech Inc
SINTERE
D FLY ASH
LIGHTW
EIGHT
AGGRE
GAT
E
Fly Ash Lightw
eight A
ggregate
FLY AS
H AT
A GLANCE
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.
Comparison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.Go Green
Fly Ash LW
C Performance & Characteristics
LWA Ap
plications
MeTech Fly Ash
LWA Project
After a
gglomeration and palletizing, th
e green pe
llets are sintered
, creating an
aggregate who
se characteristics are
supe
rior to natural aggregates.
Metech’s process u
ses
approxim
ately 95
% fly ash mixed
in
some cases with
water and
in so
me
cases a sm
all volum
e of add
itives.
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.
Metech has d
evelop
ed a process which con
verts waste fly ash into
structural lightw
eight a
ggregate, a produ
ct which can
be used
to
econ
omically re
place mined
ston
e in con
crete, as w
ell as o
ther uses.
21
Fly
ash
carb
on
addi
tive
mix
ing
aggl
omer
atin
g
wat
er
pelle
tizin
g
sint
erin
gLW
A
dedu
stin
g
Flow
char
t of F
ly A
sh
LWA
Pro
cess
met
erin
g
met
erin
g
Process of LW
A Plan
t (1)
met
erin
g
met
erin
g
1
23
4
Materials
Mixing &
Agglom
eration
Ignitio
nSintering
Dust
Collection
Screen
Vertical sh
aft p
lane
tary m
ixer will
be used for m
ixing, pin m
ixer fo
r agglom
eration. Pan
type
pelletizer
will be used
for p
elletizing, tilting
and speed adjustable.
Dry fly
ash from
pow
er plant, add
itive
determ
ined
by chem
ical con
tents a
nalyzed at
MeTech Labo
ratory in China. If charcoal ratio <
5%, carbo
n ne
eds to be
add
ed to
assist sinterin
g process. If th
e fly
ash is to
o coarse, som
e bind
er
will be requ
ired for p
elletizing. The
total add
itive
shou
ld be less th
en 5% in
the process.
Natural Gas or O
il etc. can
be
used
for ignition
, dep
ending
on
cost and
availability. The
ignitio
n tempe
rature is abo
ut
1,000~1,20
0°
The green pe
llets will be
sintered to high strength
at te
mpe
rature abo
ut
1,200°
C with
sintering
process.
Reg
ular
LW
A5-
16m
m
Fine
s5-
0.16
0mm
Dust in
the process can
be collected
by du
st
collector with
negative
pressure, exhaust from
chim
ney < 50m
g/m3.
Process of LW
A Plan
t (2) Control system
Process of LW
A Plan
t (3)
Control system
Compu
ter con
trol sy
stem
•te
mpe
ratu
re a
t ign
ition
•te
mpe
ratu
re a
t dus
t col
lect
or•
met
erin
g co
ntro
l of f
ly a
sh, w
ater
, car
bon
and
adm
ix (i
f nee
ded)
•pe
lletiz
ing
cont
rol
•op
erat
ion
stat
us o
f com
plet
e pl
ant
•em
erge
ncy
stop
•di
agno
sis
of fa
ult a
nd tr
oubl
e sh
ootin
g•
Dai
ly, w
eekl
y an
d m
onth
ly re
ports
cov
er a
ll m
ater
ial c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
prod
ucts
pro
duce
d
Real‐tim
e mon
itorin
g system
User frie
ndly interface
Compu
ter con
trols
Annu
al capacity
(m3 )
100,00
015
0,00
030
0,00
0
Fly ash
consum
ption/yr/M
T80
,000
120,00
024
0,00
0
Size of b
uilding (m
2 )
1000
1300
2600
Power Capacity
(kW)
720
1200
2400
Labo
r per sh
ift
58
12
LWA Plan
t Cap
acity
Available
LWA Plan
t Cap
acity
Available
Mod
el Plants
Fly Ash Silos a
nd
Finished
Produ
ct
Storage Area
Agglom
eration
Mixer
Pan
Pelletizer
Sintering
System
Dust
Collector
Control
Pane
lsMod
elPlan
ts
Sintered
pe
llets
Green
pe
llets
Fina
l Produ
ct
Aggregate Size
5~20
mm
(size
adjustable by process)
Bulk Den
sity
650‐85
0 kg/m
3Particle Den
sity
1250
~145
0 kg/m
3Ag
gregate Strength
≥5.0 M
paWater Absorption
≤15%
Characteristics of LW
A prod
uct
Characteristics of LW
A prod
uct
Fly Ash Lightw
eight A
ggregate
Comparison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
FLY AS
H AT
A GLANCE
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.
Compa
rison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
Go Green
Fly Ash LW
C Performance & Characteristics
LWA Ap
plications
Compa
rison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
The bu
ilding ba
sic info:
1)Bu
ilding Size:5,02
1m2,
5 stories,
height: 1
9.5m
2)Structure: Cast o
n site,
first level height: 5.1m
, the rest level height: 3.9m
3)Earthq
uake: G
rade
84)Wind Load
: 0.35K
N.m
25)Material: Co
ncrete beams,
slabs, colum
ns and
foun
datio
ns
byNationa
lNorthwestern
Archite
cture
DesignInstitu
te
Normal Con
crete (NC), C
401st b
uilding:
LWC, LC4
02n
d bu
ilding:
Item
Levels
Column
(mm)
Outer Beam
(mm)
Inne
r Beam
(mm)
Sub‐Be
am
(mm)
Slab
(m
m)
NC
2‐3
700x70
030
0x70
035
0x70
025
0x50
013
04 +
600x60
030
0x70
035
0x70
025
0x50
013
0
LWC
2‐3
650x65
025
0x70
030
0x70
025
0x45
012
04+
550x55
025
0x70
030
0x70
025
0x45
012
0
Dire
ction
Type
of
Concrete
Perio
dFoun
datio
n (
CQC )
Earthq
uake
force
Shear force of
foun
datio
nStress
X NC
0.7726
1,165.16
8,223.83
119,049.40
LWC
0.7929
949.56
6,652.73
95,686.79
COMPA
RISION
‐18.50%
‐19.20%
‐19.60%
YNC
0.766
1,174.88
8,326.81
120,881.10
LWC
0.7751
961.81
6,796.46
97,750.94
COMPA
RISION
‐18.10%
‐18.70%
‐19.10%
Dire
ction
Type
of
Concrete
Shear
displacemen
tAv
erage
displacemen
tMax. A
ngul
Displacmen
tWeak
Layer
X NC
6.53
13.91
1/597
1/75
LWC
6.63
14.33
1/588
1/74
Y NC
6.31
13.65
1/618
1/78
LWC
6.33
13.98
1/616
1/78
Table 1: Size of Structure
Table2: Earthq
uake fo
rce
Table3: Earthq
uake displacem
ent
Load
Type
NC
LWC
Results
Live Loa
d40
8.98
540
8.98
51
Dead Load
6,56
8.07
5,31
4.00
‐19.30%
Total Loa
d6,99
5.00
5,72
2.98
‐18.20%
Table4: Load
Com
parisonLWC
NC
Vs
LWC Vs Normal Con
crete
Items
Size
Cost
Price
Concrete
Usage
(m2 )
(USD
)(USD
/m2 )
(m
3 )
NC: C40
5,02
143
0,80
285
.81,77
1.87
LWC: LC4
05,02
135
6,99
371
.11,49
5.95
Table5: C
ompa
rison
Results
Compa
rison
Results
Conclusion
s: Usin
g LW
Awill sa
ve 17.14
%of
the cost com
pare to
usin
g Normal con
crete for
the same bu
ilding
Fly Ash Lightw
eight A
ggregate
LWA Ap
plications
FLY AS
H AT
A GLANCE
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.
Comparison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
LWA Ap
plications
Go Green
Fly Ash LW
C Performance & Characteristics
21
Structural
Lightw
eight
Concrete
Soun
d Proo
f Material
High‐rise
build
ing
Floo
r and
Roo
f Screed
sMed
ia Filter fo
r Water treatm
ent
Application ba
sed on
LWA
Lighterin
weightthan
stan
dard
concrete,bu
tjust
asstrong
,structural
lightweight
concrete
mad
ewith
LWA
offers
significant
dead
load
savings.
This
allowsforlong
cantilevers,slim
mer
gene
ralsectio
nsan
dredu
cedfoun
datio
nssizes,en
ablin
gde
signers
toprod
ucestructures
that
wou
ldbe
impo
ssibleto
build
inothe
rmaterials.
E.g.:B
locks,Bricks
&Slab
setc.
High‐rise bu
ilding
LWA BLOCK
SHigh‐rise bu
ilding
Zhuh
aiInternational Con
ference
Center Building
Building area: 110,000
m2 , 24
stories
1‐8 stories: normal aggregate 9‐24
stories: LW
A (clay) Load Re
duced
4450KN
CA
NAR
Y WHA
RF TOWER
, Lond
on. Saved 15% cost b
y using Fly
Ash LW
A.
The foun
datio
n load
has been
redu
ced trem
endo
usly
Lightw
eight
Excellent The
rmal prope
rty
Load
Bearin
g
Low W
ater absorption
LW
C strength: LC3
0, LC4
0, LC5
0
LW
C De
nsity
: <1950Kg
/m3
Soun
d Proo
f Material
Soun
d ab
sorptio
nCa
se
Shanxi Province. LW
A (shale) u
sed for
all inn
er line
r in 2004
Chim
ney he
ight: 180
m
Highway Con
struction
Theater Inn
er wall m
aterial
He
at insulatio
n material
Soun
d Ba
rrier
Nan
jing First Y
angze River B
ridge
18,000m3 lightweight a
ggregate (clay)
used
to re
duce th
e weight loa
d
Hua
nghe
Bridge, Sha
ngdo
ngProvince, Year 1
973
Floo
r and
Roo
f Screeds
LWA screed
s are easily placed in dep
ths from 30m
m to
over
450m
m. The
y provide an
excellent m
etho
d of m
aking up
levels
and offer the
rmal and
soun
d insulatio
n, which is especially useful
on re
furbish
ment p
rojects. Only half the am
ount of cem
ent is
used
than
with
a sa
nd/cem
ent screed, offe
ring tim
e and cost
savings. The
den
sity is also app
roximately half that of
sand
/cem
ent screeds again re
ducing
structural building costs.
Land
Drainage Allowing six
times m
ore
water th
rough its void space than
gravel,
LWA is an
excellent m
aterial for drainage,
either in
slit tren
ching or in
bulk
Roof tiles S
pecially
crushe
d and blen
ded
grades of LWA allow
roof tile m
anufacturers
to m
axim
ize strength an
density, produ
cing
lighter units to
redu
ce
costs a
nd dead load
Filte
r material
One
week
Three weeks,
mem
brane covered
on
LWA
Water Filter M
aterial
Chem
icals
SiO2:
60~65
%Al
2O3:
17~22
%K 2O+N
a 2O:
3 ~5 %
Fe2O
3:5 ~
8 %CaO + M
gO:
3 ~5 %
LOS :
1 ~3 %
Hortag
Water Filter M
aterial
Fly Ash Lightw
eight A
ggregate
Go Green
FLY AS
H AT
A GLANCE
Brief Introdu
ction of LW
A
MeTech Fly Ash LW
A Project Intro.
Comparison
of LWC & Normal Con
crete
Go Green
Fly Ash LW
C Performance & Characteristics
LWA Ap
plications
Energy‐Saving & Enviro
nmen
tal Protection
Energy‐saving in produ
ction process
Natural gas is used for ignition
in th
e process. After th
e first layer o
f sintering be
d is ignited, th
e rest of
green pe
llets will be sintered
by the
self‐containe
d carbon
in fly ash with
draft a
ir.
Energy‐saving in finish produ
cts: Fly
ash LW
A ha
s an excellent th
ermal
insulatio
n prop
erty. C
oncrete mad
e from
fly ash LW
A ha
s a th
ermal
insulatio
n ratio
0.118
‐0.6w/m
.k,
20%‐25%
better tha
n regular
concrete.
Environm
ental Protection : C
onsume
large qu
antity of fly ash for d
ispo
sal,
also sa
ving
agricultural lan
d an
d redu
cing
pollutio
n.
Dust collection system
: Dust
collectors a
re used in th
e process
to ensure air e
xhau
st to
meet E
PA
regulatio
ns.
2015
/6/1
1*
•LW
A Water Absorption
•Fly Ash LW
C Design Ba
sics
•Ce
men
titious M
aterial Vs. D
ensity of C
oncrete
•Ce
men
titious M
aterial Vs. C
oncrete Strength
•Water –Ce
men
titious Ratio Vs. Stren
gth
•Cu
ring Pe
riod tim
eVs. Stren
gth
•Fly Ash LW
C Durab
ility Study
•LW
C Anti‐Freeze Ch
aracters
•LW
C Shrin
kage Perform
ance
•An
ti‐cracking
Perform
ance
•Self‐compa
cting LW
C•
Strength of S
elf‐c
ompa
cting LW
C•
Self‐compa
cting LW
C Shrin
kage Perform
ance
•Self‐compa
cting Ch
lorid
ion Pe
netrating Qua
lity
Fly Ash LW
C Pe
rforman
ce & Cha
racteristics
2015
/6/1
1
water
absorptio
nun
derd
ifferen
tpressure
LWA water absorption is abo
ut 13%
und
er normal pressure, th
e higher
pressure, the
highe
r water absorption
water absorption(%)LWA Water Absorption:
Tim
e (h
rs.)
2015
/6/1
1Usage of flyash
0% 15%
30%
45%
Total
cemen
titious m
aterial
used
for e
ach m
3
300 kg/m
3
350 kg/m
3
400 kg/m
3
450 kg/m
3
500 kg/m
3
550 kg/m
3
Sand
pe
rcen
tage
40%
Slum
ps
200±
20mm
Fly Ash LW
C DesignBa
sics
2015
/6/1
1
Fly Ash
Cemen
titious
Material
Cemen
tFly Ash
Sand
LWA
Water
Additiv
e
0%
300
300
074
9 57
0 25
87.20
350
350
072
6 56
0 25
48.40
400
400
070
4 54
9 24
49.60
450
450
068
1 53
9 23
710
.80
500
500
065
9 52
8 23
812
.00
550
550
063
6 51
7 23
913
.20
15%
300
255
4574
4 56
7 24
46.66
350
297.5
52.5
721
555
233
7.77
400
340
6069
7 54
4 23
38.88
450
382.5
67.5
674
533
232
9.99
500
425
7565
1 52
2 23
411
.10
550
467.5
82.5
627
511
240
12.21
30%
300
210
9073
9 56
3 23
46.12
350
245
105
715
551
236
7.14
400
280
120
691
539
227
8.16
450
315
135
667
528
225
9.18
500
350
150
643
516
223
10.20
550
385
165
619
504
225
11.22
45%
300
180
120
736
561
233
5.76
350
210
140
711
548
228
6.72
400
240
160
687
536
247
7.68
450
270
180
662
524
231
8.64
500
300
200
638
512
247
9.60
550
330
220
613
500
251
10.56
2015
/6/1
1
The higher usage of cem
entitious m
aterial, the higher den
sity
concrete will be, th
e more fly
ash, the
lower den
sity of con
crete.
Densituy
Cem
entit
ious
Mat
eria
l
Cmen
titious
Material U
sage Vs. Den
sity of C
oncrete
2015
/6/1
1
Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
0.083B ‐1
2.02
R² = 0.963
7df =
0.092B ‐7
.422
R² = 0.952
28d
f = 0.09B
‐0.366
R² = 0.976
56d
f = 0.108B + 0.341
R² = 0.960
Strength
Cemen
titious M
aterial
1
Mix Design with
out
Fly Ash
(FA=0%
)
Cmen
titious
Material U
sage Vs. Con
crete Strength
2015
/6/1
1Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
0.050
B ‐0
.607
R² = 0.880
7df =
0.082
B ‐5
.563
R² = 0.980
28d
f = 0.080
B + 5.45
7R² = 0.970
56d
f= 0.053
B+ 24.38
6R² = 0.907
Strength
Cemen
titious M
aterial
2
Mix Design with
15%
fly ash as c
emen
titious
material
Strength
2015
/6/1
1
Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
0.076
B ‐1
5.99
R² = 0.976
7df =
0.078
B ‐9
.779
R² = 0.981
28d
f = 0.082
B + 0.46
7R² = 0.993
56d
f = 0.095
B + 0.51
9R² = 0.975
3
Mix Design with
30%
fly ash as
cemen
titious
material
Cemen
titious M
aterial
Strength
2015
/6/1
1Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
0.057
B ‐1
0.29
R² = 0.947
7df =
0.059
B ‐5
.685
R² = 0.996
28d
f = 0.048
B + 10
.02
R² = 0.932
56d
f = 0.086
B + 2.3
R² = 0.987
Strength
4
Mix Design with
45%
fly
ash as c
emetitiou
smaterial
Cemen
titious M
aterial
Strength
2015
/6/1
1Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
18.00
B/W ‐8.11
8R² = 0.974
7df =
19.95
B/W ‐3.10
7R² = 0.963
28d
f = 19.39
B/W + 4.010
R² = 0.978
56d
f = 23.03
B/W + 5.997
R² = 0.943
Strength
Water‐Cem
entitious ra
tio
Water –Ce
men
titious Ratio Vs. Stren
gth
1
Mix Design with
out
Fly Ash
(FA=0%
)
2015
/6/1
1
Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
11.95
B/W ‐0.88
3R² = 0.913
7df =
19.04
B/W ‐4.95
1R² = 0.956
28d
f = 18.98
B/W + 5.474
R² = 0.98
56d
f = 12.59
B/W
+ 24.16
R² = 0.935
Strength
Water‐Cem
entitious
ratio
2
Mix Design with
15%Fly Ash(
FA=15%
)
2015
/6/1
1
Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
16.06
B/W ‐13
.62
R² = 0.983
7df =
16.40
B/W ‐7.13
5R² = 0.975
28d
f = 17.40
B/W + 3.095
R² = 0.997
56d
f = 20.01
B/W
+ 3.442
R² = 0.984
Strength
Water‐Cem
entitious
ratio
3
Mix Design with
30%
Fly Ash(
FA=30%
)
2015
/6/1
1
Curin
g Pe
riod
Regression
Equ
ation
Related coefficient
3df =
15.91
B/W ‐14
.01
R² = 0.972
7df =
15.99
B/W ‐8.81
4R² = 0.972
28d
f = 13.58
B/W + 6.651
R² = 0.974
56d
f = 23.66
B/W
‐2.96
8 R² = 0.998
Strength
Water‐Cem
entitious
ratio
4
Mix Design with
45%
Fly Ash(
FA=45%
)
2015
/6/1
1
FA(%)
Regressio
n Equatio
nRe
lated coefficient
0f =
0.09B
‐0.366
R² = 0.976
15f =
0.080B + 5.457
R² = 0.970
30f =
0.082B + 0.467
R² = 0.993
45f =
0.048B + 10.02
R² = 0.932
Strength
Cemen
titious
Mat
eria
l
Usage of C
emen
titou
s Material V
s. Stren
gth
Mixde
sign
for 2
8dStrength
The higher volum
e of cem
entitious m
aterial, the higher strength of con
crete for
28d. The
highe
st strength achieved with
15%
of fly ash, higher th
an 15%
, the
strength decreasing.
2015
/6/1
1Mix Design for:
LC20
,LC25
,LC30
,LC35
,LC40
,LC45
,LC50
Trial M
ix design based on
following form
ula:
fcu.o≥
fcu,k+1.64
5σ
Strength Stand
ard Varia
tion: σ(MPa)
Strength Grade
< LC20
LC20
‐LC3
5> LC35
σ4.0
5.0
6.0
Mix design Ba
sed on
28d
Strength
2015
/6/1
1
Strength
Grade
Cemen
t(kg/m
3 )Fly Ash
(kg/m
3 )
Natural
Sand
(kg/m
3 )
LWA
(kg/m
3 )Water Agent
(kg/m
3 )
0% Fly Ash
LC20
318
074
356
53.8
LC25
373
071
855
44.5
LC30
429
069
454
15.1
LC35
484
066
953
05.8
LC40
558
063
951
36.7
15% Fly Ash
LC20
242
4374
957
13.4
LC25
295
5272
255
64.2
LC30
349
6269
354
14.9
LC35
401
7166
652
75.7
LC40
472
8363
150
76.7
30% Fly Ash
LC20
208
171
703
536
4.5
LC25
266
217
657
507
5.8
LC30
323
265
611
478
7.1
45% Fly Ash
LC20
237
102
725
552
4.1
LC25
280
120
696
537
4.8
LC30
322
138
668
522
5.5
LC35
365
156
640
507
6.3
Mix design Ba
sed on
28d
Strength
2015
/6/1
1FA(%)
Regressio
n Equatio
nRe
lated coefficient
0f =
0.107
B + 0.341
R² = 0.960
15f =
0.052
B + 24.38
R² = 0.907
30f =
0.094
B + 0.519
R² = 0.975
45f =
0.086
B + 2.3
R² = 0.986
Strength
Cem
entit
ious
Mat
eria
l
Mix
design
for 5
6dStrength
The higher volum
e of cem
entitious m
aterial, the higher strength of con
crete for 5
6d.
The highest stren
gth achieved
with
15%
of fly ash and
450
Kg/m3 of to
tal cemen
titious m
aterial
2015
/6/1
1
Strength
Grade
Cemen
t(kg/m
3 )Fly Ash
(kg/m
3 )
Natural
Sand
(kg/m
3 )
LWA
(kg/m
3 )Water Agent
(kg/m
3 )
0% Fly Ash
LC30
351
073
1557
4.2
LC35
397
071
0547
4.8
LC40
459
067
3539
5.5
LC45
505
065
2529
6.1
LC50
551
064
1515
6.6
15% Fly Ash
LC30
222
3975
8606
3.1
LC35
302
5372
4579
4.3
LC40
409
7267
8542
5.8
LC45
489
8664
4515
6.9
LC50
570
100
610
487
8.0
30% Fly Ash
LC30
278
119
692
567
4.8
LC35
315
135
667
554
5.4
LC40
363
156
641
533
6.2
LC45
400
172
621
517
6.9
LC50
438
187
596
504
7.5
45% Fly Ash
LC30
230
188
678
555
5.0
LC35
262
214
644
543
5.7
LC40
304
249
614
518
6.6
LC45
336
275
591
500
7.3
LC50
368
301
568
482
8.0
Mix design Ba
sed on
56d
Strength
2015
/6/1
1
Fly ash LW
A Con
crete An
ti‐Carbon
izatio
n Performance
3d
Carbonization
28d
Carbonization
Fly Ash LW
A Co
ncrete Durab
ility Study
Carbon
ization:
CO2from
airp
ermeate
into
concrete
from
itssurface,andwill
have
alkalinereactio
n.Th
esteelb
arinsid
eof
concrete
willbe
gettingrusted
becauseof
thepassivationlayerd
estroyed
.
2015
/6/1
1
a. 0% Fly Ash b. 15%
Fly Ash
Depth of Carbonization
(1)
Cemen
titious
material
Volume Vs
Performan
ce of
Anti‐
Carbon
ization
(1)
The
more
cemen
titious
material,
the
better
performan
cefor
Anti‐
Carbon
ization,
The
higher
intensity
ofthe
concrete
will
be,the
speed
of
Carbon
izatio
nslo
ws,
the
Carbon
izatio
nde
pth
redu
ced,
therefore,
the
less
CO2
perm
eate
into
concrete.
a. 30%
Fly Ash b. 45%
Fly Ash
Cem
entit
ious
Mat
eria
l
Cem
entit
ious
Mat
eria
l
2015
/6/1
1
Cementitious M
aterial
Fly ash Vo
lume
Vs. C
arbo
nizatio
n Pe
rforman
ce (2
)
Thehigher
volumeof
flyash,
thehigher
depthof
carbon
izatio
n,with
400kg/m3cementitious
material,thede
pthof
carbon
izatio
nfor4
5%fly
ashis2.3tim
esof
0%fly
ash.
Theredu
cedcement
caused
Ca(OH)2redu
ced,
theintensity
ofconcrete
atearly
stagecan’tbe
raise
d,thecapabilityof
anti‐
carbon
izatio
nisredu
cedaccordingly.
Testingresultshow
s:fly
ashLW
Aconcrete
hasb
ettera
nti‐carbo
nizatio
npe
rforman
ce.
Depth of Carbonization
2015
/6/1
1
Based on
Experience, Artificial ra
pid carbon
izatio
n & Natural carbo
nizatio
n follows:
X—t years con
crete Natural Carbo
nizatio
n de
pth mm
X 0—Ra
pid Carbon
izatio
n de
pth mm ;
C —Natural carbo
nizatio
n CO2content in Air,
%;
c0—Ra
pid carbon
izatio
n CO2content in Air,
%;
t 0—Ra
pid carbon
izatio
n pe
riod (year)
T—Natural carbo
nizatio
n pe
riod (year)
Cemen
titious
Material
(kg/m
³)
50 years
100 years
0%15%
30%
45%
0%15%
30%
45%
300
5.19
8.05
10.14
13.48
7.34
11.38
14.35
19.06
350
4.21
5.24
8.05
11.61
5.96
7.41
11.38
16.42
400
3.09
3.50
6.50
7.24
4.38
4.95
9.19
10.24
450
2.08
2.44
4.66
5.23
2.94
3.45
6.59
7.40
500
0.96
1.42
2.03
4.60
1.36
2.01
2.87
6.50
550
0.44
0.45
0.77
1.73
0.63
0.64
1.09
2.45
LWA concrete Natural carbonization depth predication(
mm)
Artificial rap
id carbo
nizatio
n de
pth for 2
8d is similar to Natural ca
rbon
ization de
pth for 5
0
years. W
ith 15%
fly ash an
d 400kg/m³C
emen
titious m
aterial, the na
tural carbo
nizatio
n de
pth
for 5
0 years is 3.5mm, for 100
years is 4.95 mm.
Pred
ictio
n of
Carbon
ization
Dep
th (3
)
2015
/6/1
1
Concrete
strength
redu
ced
because
offreeze
and
thaw
cycles.
LWA Co
ncrete Anti‐Freeze characters
2015
/6/1
1
Freeze‐Tha
w Cycles
dynamic modulus of elasticity
Freeze‐Tha
wC
ycle
s
Weight LossThemorecycles
offreeze‐thaw,the
less
ofdynamicmod
ulus
ofelasticity,the
moreweightlost.A
fter
150cycles,d
ynam
icmod
ulus
ofelasticity
isabou
t78
.3%,
weightlossisa
bout
3.2%
.
Testingresultshow
s:LW
ACo
ncrete
Anti‐Freeze
charactersisexcellent.
2015
/6/1
1
(1)
15%
fly
ash
(2)
30%
fly
ash
•Theearly
stageshrin
kage
increasedfast
•Themorecemen
titious
material,theless
shrin
kage
•Themorefly
ash,
themoreshrin
kage,
theshrin
kage
with
30%
offly
ashincreased
5.7%
comparin
gwith
15%of
flyashforL
C40
concreterw
ith60
dcurin
gpe
riod.
LWA Co
ncrete shrinkage perform
ance
2015
/6/1
1
Chlorid
ionerosiven
ess to
steel bar insid
e of con
crete
will re
duce th
e pe
rformance
of con
crete du
rability &
safety
Chlorid
ionErosiven
ess
2015
/6/1
1
•Testing Re
sults
show
: Chloridiondiffusion coefficient for 28d
DRC
M<
6×10
‐12m2/s.
•LW
A concrete has better p
erform
ance fo
r Anti‐Ch
lorid
ionerosiven
ess
than
normal con
crete, to
tally m
eet the
requ
iremen
t of d
urab
ility design.
2015
/6/1
1
The cracking
from
con
crete will re
duce its a
nti‐p
ermeability pe
rformance, eventually
redu
ced the du
rability of con
crete.
Anti‐cracking
Perform
ance
2015
/6/1
1
Gra
deL-Ⅰ
L-Ⅱ
L-Ⅲ
L-Ⅳ
L-Ⅴ
Tota
l cra
ckin
g ar
ea(
mm
2 /m2 )
c≥10
0070
0≤c<
1000
400≤
c<70
010
0≤c<
400
c<10
0
Con
cret
e Ea
rly st
age A
nti-c
rack
ing
abili
ty g
rade
Testing result: Air blow
24h
,LC30
‐LC5
0 An
ti‐cracking
ability
L‐Ⅲ
,the pe
rformance is excellent。
2015
/6/1
1
b. 30m
in slum
p
d. Pressure de
vice(15MPa)
With
pressure of 15M
Pa, P
umping
slum
p
is similar to slum
p of 30 minutes
a.Early
stage Slum
p
c.1h
Slump
LWA Co
ncrete Pum
ping
Perform
ances
2015/6/11
Self‐compa
cting LW
C
Sample
No.
FACe
men
titious
Material (total)
(kg/m
³)
Cemen
t(kg/m
³)Fly Ash(
kg/m
³)Sand
(kg/m
³)LW
A(kg/m
³)Ad
ditiv
e(kg/m
³)
ZA50
15%
500
425
75666
514
6.0
ZA55
550
467.5
82.5
643
503
6.6
ZA60
600
510
90620
492
7.2
ZA65
650
552.5
97.5
596
481
7.8
ZA70
700
595
105
573
469
8.4
ZB50
30%
500
350
150
658
508
6.0
ZB55
550
385
165
634
496
6.6
ZB60
600
420
180
610
484
7.2
ZB65
650
455
195
586
473
7.8
ZB70
700
490
210
562
461
8.4
Desig
n basic
s:
(1)
15% and
30%
of fly ash as c
emen
titious m
aterial
(2)
Sand
percentage 40%;
(3)
Slum
p is controlled un
der(
24±2)
cm
2015
/6/1
1
2015
/6/1
1
Sample No.
FAPressure Stren
gth(
MPa)
Water‐
Cementitions
Ratio
Slum
p(mm)
Extention
(mm)
3d7d
28d
56d
ZA50
15%
16.6
28.3
33.8
47.0
0.49
220
460
ZA55
22.3
30.5
35.1
51.7
0.47
240
550
ZA60
27.0
31.7
43.0
54.8
0.43
260
540
ZA65
28.3
32.3
48.9
57.5
0.42
280
650
ZA70
30.6
38.3
52.4
66.3
0.40
285
670
ZB50
30%
12.0
20.1
32.4
45.2
0.56
260
650
ZB55
16.5
26.8
34.1
50.8
0.50
255
500
ZB60
16.9
29.0
39.9
52.4
0.45
260
650
ZB65
19.6
31.7
45.3
56.0
0.44
270
600
ZB70
20.9
32.4
48.7
59.7
0.41
260
600
Strength &
Slump of self‐c
ompa
cting LW
C
Strength of self‐c
ompa
cting LW
C
2015
/6/1
1
(1)
15% of Fly Ash
(2)
30% of Fly Ash
With
cem
entitious m
aterial increased & water ra
tio re
duced, th
e be
tter strength
will be ob
tained
, the
strength with
30%
fly ash is less th
an with
15%
of fly ash.
2015
/6/1
1
Self‐compa
cting LW
C shrin
kage perform
ance
Sample No.
1d3d
7d14d
28d
45d
60d
ZA50
0.92
1.43
4.07
5.6
6.17
6.37
6.41
ZA55
0.2
1.02
3.87
5.09
5.7
5.96
6.23
ZA60
0.61
1.32
3.44
4.57
5.39
5.77
5.78
ZA65
0.03
0.61
3.36
4.48
5.12
5.68
5.88
ZA70
0.31
0.71
3.46
4.21
4.98
5.49
5.56
ZB50
0.31
1.32
4.99
6.31
7.13
7.31
7.48
ZB55
0.72
1.33
5.31
6.64
7.38
7.41
7.46
ZB60
0.41
1.12
4.15
5.06
6.47
6.96
7.21
ZB65
1.41
2.21
4.63
5.44
6.35
6.69
6.82
ZB70
0.82
1.63
4.48
5.13
6.05
6.58
6.73
2015
/6/1
1
(1) 15%
of fly ash
(2)
30%
of f
ly a
sh
Testingshow
s:early
stage
ofconcrete
hasrapid
shrin
kage,the
varia
tion
redu
cedas
curin
gpe
riodextend
ed,with
cemen
titious
materialincreased,
the
shrin
kage
ratio
redu
ced.
2015
/6/1
1
Self-Compacting LWC Chloridion Erosiveness
Sample
No.
Total o
f Ce
men
titious
Material
(kg/m
3 )
Cemen
t(kg/m
3 )Fly Ash
(kg/m
3 )Sand
(kg/m
3 )LW
A(kg/m
3 )Water Ratio
Cl‐ Erosivene
ss
Coeffie
nt(10
‐12 m
2 /s)
ZA50
500
425
75700
617
0.49
6.32
ZA55
550
467.5
82.5
675
603
0.47
4.41
ZA60
600
510
90651
590
0.43
3.22
ZA65
650
552.5
97.5
626
577
0.42
2.95
ZA70
700
595
105
602
563
0.40
2.89
ZB50
500
350
150
691
610
0.56
11.67
ZB55
550
385
165
666
596
0.50
9.01
ZB60
600
420
180
641
581
0.45
8.47
ZB65
650
455
195
615
567
0.44
7.80
ZB70
700
490
210
590
553
0.41
6.89
2015
/6/1
1With
30%
of fly ash, Chloridiondiffu
sion coefficient D
RCM> 6×
10‐12m2/s,
which is highe
r than no
rmal con
crete.
Better Chloridionanti‐diffu
sion pe
rformance by increasin
g cemen
titious
material and
redu
cing
water ra
tio, because th
e intensity
of con
crete will be
increased, porosity
of con
crete will be redu
ced.
2015
/6/1
1
Conclusion
s
1.LW
Awater
absorptio
nisab
out13%
unde
rno
rmal
pressure,the
higher
pressure,thehigher
water
absorptio
n,an
dwith
pressure
of15
MPa,
pumping
slum
pissimilartothe30
minutes
naturalslump.
2.Th
estrength
for56dismuchhigher
than
28d,
with
largevolumeof
fly
ash,
itisto
suggestu
sethestrength
of56dfore
valuation.
2015
/6/1
1
3.Th
ehigher
cemen
titious
material,thehigher
capa
bilityof
AntiCa
rbon
ization,
4.Th
ehigher
density,the
less
CO2pe
rmeate
into
concrete.
5.Artificialrap
idcarbon
izatio
nde
pthfor28dissimilarto
Natural
carbon
ization
depthfor5
0years.With
15%fly
ashan
d400kg/m³C
emen
titious
material,the
naturalcarbo
nizatio
nde
pthfor5
0yearsis3
.5mm,for
100yearsis4
.95mm.
6.Th
emorecycles
offreeze‐tha
w,the
less
ofdyna
micmod
ulus
ofelasticity,the
moreweightlost.After150cycles,dyna
mic
mod
ulus
ofelasticity
isab
out
78.3%,weightloss
isab
out3.2%
.LW
ACo
ncrete
Anti‐Freeze
characters
is
excellent.
2015
/6/1
1
7.With
cemen
titious
materialincreased
,the
density
andthecapa
bilityof
Anti-
Chlorid
ion
diffusion
ofLW
Aconcrete
increases,
Chlorid
ion
diffusion
coefficient
for28dDRC
M<6×
10‐12m2/s,
better
than
norm
alconcrete,
totally
meetthe
requ
iremen
tofd
urab
ility.
8.With
cemen
titious
materialincreased
andthevolumeof
flyashredu
ced,
the
shrin
kage
redu
ced.
Forstrength
grad
eof
LC40
with
60dcurin
gpe
riod,
the
shrin
kage
with
30%of
flyashincreased5.7%
compa
ringwith
15%of
flyash.
9.A
nti-c
rack
ing
test
results:Airblow
24h,
LC30
‐LC5
0An
ti‐cracking
ability
Level‐Ⅲ
,thepe
rforman
ceisexcellent。
ww
w.m
etec
h.co
m.c
n
THAN
K YO
U