presented by

FLUENT TRANSLATION:

Remi Briand, Jennifer Gleisberg & Mark Thomas

Correlating Fluoropolymer Lab Data with Real World Exposure

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Learn how to correlate laboratory test data with real world

exposure of fluoropolymer coatings

• Interpret, understand, and compare product performance data

• Review 15-20-year-old case studies demonstrating the color

and gloss performance

• Examine other attributes of FEVE Fluoropolymers

SELECTING THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY:

THINK ABOUT PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

TOPCOAT PROTECTION

Performance and life expectation can vary significantly based on topcoat selection

• Alkyds

• Acrylics

• Epoxies

• Polyurethanes/Polyurethane Hybrids

• Polysiloxanes

• Fluoropolymers

AESTHETIC SERVICE LIFECOLOR AND GLOSS

25 Year Life-Cycle of 30,000 ft2

Polymer Type Aesthetic Service Life

(Color/Gloss)

# of

Applications

Cost Per

Application*Final Cost

Alkyd 3–5 Years 5 $ 28,019.00 $ 141,450.00

Acrylic 4–6 Years 4 $ 34,710.00 $ 138,840.00

Polyurethane 7–10 Years 3 $ 40,569.00 $ 121,707.00

Polysiloxane 10–15 Years 2 $ 58,929.00 $ 117,858.00

Fluoropolymer 20–25 Years 1 $ 82,779.00 $ 82,779.00

*Cost figures listed are for topcoat material and application only based on estimated current costs. (Source: Helsel, Jayson L. and Lanterman, Robert. NACE

Paper No. 7422. NACE International, 2016.)

SYSTEM LIFE-CYCLE COST

COLOR

A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON A COMPLICATED SUBJECT

COLOR COMMUNICATION:

• Describing color is based on Appearance & Perception

• Appearance includes:

‒ Color

‒ Gloss

‒ Opacity

‒ Surface texture

‒ Shape of object

‒ Metallic

‒ Angle of illumination

COLOR SPACE

• Color Space came from the need to communicate color

• The Munsell system is one of the earliest accepted color systems – 1905

• Concepts & nomenclature are still being used today

‒ Value

‒ Hue

‒ Saturation

‒ CIELAB, FMCll, CMC, Hunter

DESCRIBING COLOR

DESCRIBING COLOR

DESCRIBING COLOR

COLOR SPACES

• CMC‒ Good correlation with human eyes

• CIELab‒ Good correlation dark to light, not so much for

saturation

• FMC2

‒ Traditional color space, older but still encountered

• Hunter

APPEARANCE

• Same color, different gloss finishes

PERFORMANCE TESTING

MOST COMMON TESTS FOR COLOR & GLOSS OF TOPCOATS

PERFORMANCE TESTS

• By incorporating performance standards into a specification, the owner is assured suitable, high-quality products

− Real World Exposures

− EMMAQUA: ASTM D 4141

− QUV: ASTM G 53 or ASTM D 4587

EXTERIOR WEATHERING TESTING

• Florida Exposure

− Various angles to the sun

− Extreme sun exposure

− Salt air and spray

• Arizona Exposure

− Intense Heat

− Various exposure angles

− Minimum cloud cover to maximize radiation exposure

− Dry harsh conditions

• Reported in months or years of exposure

‒ AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturing Association) 2604 & 2605

AAMA WEATHERING STANDARDS Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

AAMA 2604 AAMA 2605

Outdoor Weathering

Exposure Time

5 years,

South Florida

10 years,

South Florida

Color Retention

(After Weathering)

5 years fade:

delta E <=5

10 years fade:

delta E <= 5

Gloss Retention

(After Weathering)

5 years,

>= 30% retention

10 years,

>= 50% retention

REAL WORLD LIMITATIONS

• High-performance coating systems could take 20 years before coating degradation

• Coating technology is dynamic and initial performance results are required quickly

EMMAQUA — ASTM D 4141

• Standard Practice for Conducting Black and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings

− Concentrated sunlight

− Extremely harsh to coatings

− Degrades film quickly (chalking)

− Measured in Megajoules

▪ Reported as MJ/m2

QUV — ASTM D 4587

• Standard Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint & Related Products

− Common Standardized Test in Paint Industry

− Provides good “apples-to-apples” comparison between products

− Reported as number of exposure hours

ASTM D 4587 (QUV)Ultraviolet Light (UV) on Color & Gloss (10,000 Hours)

ACRYLIC

POLYURETHANE

FEVE

FLUOROPOLYMER

PERFORMANCE DATA

COMPARING LABORATORY RESULTS TO REAL WORLD

GLOSS RETENTIONKANSAS CITY vs. FLORIDA EXPOSURE

PREDICTION OF GLOSS RETENTIONUSING ACCELERATED TESTING - POLYURETHANES

GLOSS RETENTIONFLUOROPOLYMER vs. POLYURETHANE vs. POLYSILOXANE

GLOSS RETENTIONFLUOROPOLYMER TOPCOAT COMPARISON

PREDICTION OF GLOSS RETENTIONUSING ACCELERATED TESTING - FLUOROPOLYMERS

GLOSS PERFORMANCE AND FORMULATION

FORMULATION & PERFORMANCE

• There is more to the performance of an FEVE/PVDF Fluoropolymer than just the amount of fluorine content in the dry film.

• The combination of formulation and proper ingredients dictates the overall performance of the coating.

SSPC Technology Update No. 12

Ambient-Curing Fluoropolymer Finish Coats

Applied to Metal Substrates

FLUOROPOLYMER PERFORMANCESOUTH FLORIDA EXPOSURE

Fluoropolymer: 9 Years Polysiloxane: 10 Years

PUBLISHED PERFORMANCE DATA

• TEST: ASTM D 4587 (UVA-340 bulbs, Cycle 4: 8 hours UV/4 hour condensation).

• SYSTEM: Fluoropolymer applied to SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaned aluminum panels and cured 30 days at 75°F (24°C).

• RESULT: No blistering, cracking or chalking. No less than 95% gloss retention (3.8 units gloss change) and 2.74 DE FMC2 color change (blue) after 10,000 hours exposure.

• TEST: ASTM D 4141, Method C (EMMAQUA).

• SYSTEM: Fluoropolymer applied to SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaned aluminum panels and cured 30 days at 75°F (24°C).

• RESULT: No blistering, cracking or chalking. No less than 87% gloss retention, no more than 10 units gloss loss and no more than 0.47 DE Hunter color change (blue) after 3,500 MJ/m² (128,951 MJ/m² total) EMMAQUA exposure.

PERFORMANCE IN THE SPECIFICATION

• Include performance attributes in Part 2 Products section of a specification

• Performance testing should be referenced by:

─ Test Method

─ System tested

─ Requirement

Actual Specification Verbiage

COLOR APPROVAL & AVAILABILITY

• Fluoropolymer coatings are a premium product that are made with UV stable raw materials.

• Typically made with color bases, not tintable bases.

• Can take some time to get drawdowns for approval and also manufacture material.

Actual Specification Verbiage

OTHER ATTRIBUTES:

RESISTANCE TO GRAFFITI

Waterborne Acrylic Acrylic Polyurethane FEVE Fluoropolymer

Spray Paint

Lipstick

PermanentMarker

GRAFFITI RESISTANCE TESTING –AFTER FOULING

Waterborne Acrylic Acrylic Polyurethane FEVE Fluoropolymer

Spray Paint

Lipstick

PermanentMarker

GRAFFITI RESISTANCE TESTING –INITIAL CLEANING

Waterborne Acrylic Acrylic Polyurethane FEVE Fluoropolymer

Spray Paint

Lipstick

PermanentMarker

GRAFFITI RESISTANCE TESTING –THOROUGH CLEANING

TypeWaterborne

AcrylicAcrylic

PolyurethaneFEVE

Fluoropolymer

Spray Paint Heavy Shadow Removal Removal

Lipstick Heavy Shadow Faint Shadow Removal

Permanent Marker Heavy Shadow Faint Shadow Removal

ASTM D 6578 — STANDARD PRACTICE FOR

DETERMINATION OF GRAFFITI RESISTANCE

OTHER ATTRIBUTES:

RESISTANCE TO DIRT PICKUP

WATER TANK: WADSWORTH, OH

Polyurethane Topcoat FEVE Fluoropolymer Topcoat

WATER TANK: BRANDON, SD

Polyurethane Topcoat

FEVE Fluoropolymer Topcoat

CLEANABILITY TESTING (MIL-PRF-85285C)

PURPOSE

Determine the cleaning ability of a coating using artificial soil and

cleaned with bristle brush and 1.0% Alconox solution.

SIGNIFICANCE

Quantifiable results reflected to actual field experience. Allows

for product performance comparisons.

CLEANABILITY TESTING: MIL-PRF-85285C

Waterborne

Acrylic

Acrylic

Polyurethane

FEVE

Fluoropolymer

Average Cleaning

Efficiency7.55% 73.35% 97.80%

OTHER ATTRIBUTES:

DEGREE OF CHALKING

• Chalking, n—the formation on a pigmented coating of a friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneath the surface, commonly caused by weathering, which may give the appearance of color fading.

ASTM D 4214 – EVALUATING THE DEGREE OF CHALKING

• Photographic Chalking Reference Standards

ASTM D 4214 – EVALUATING THE DEGREE OF CHALKING

DEGREE OF CHALKING – 20 YEAR TEST (ASTM D 4214)

ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES

VOCS & RATING SYSTEM CREDITS RELATED TO FEVE FLUOROPOLYMERS

VOC REGULATIONS

Various air districts throughout the

U.S. and Canada have VOC content

regulations, which must be followed

when specifying paints and coatings.

FEVE Fluoropolymers typically fall

into the Industrial Maintenance

Category.

VOC REGULATIONSIM: 340 g/l

IM: 250 g/l

IM: 250 g/l

IM: 450 g/l

IM: 100 g/l

SECTION CREDIT NAME

Sustainable Sites: Heat Island Reduction Roof/Wall

Indoor Air Quality: Low-Emitting Materials Paints & Coatings

CREDITS RELATED TO FEVE FLUOROPOLYMERS

Source: U.S. Green Building Council

LEED v4.1

• VOC Content: Must meet VOC limits of CARB 2007 SCM or

SCAQMD Rule 1113.

• Emissions: Must meet CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.2

(January 2017).

FEVE FLUOROPOLYMER – CDPH EMISSIONS TESTING

• Select manufacturers have FEVE Fluoropolymers under 100 g/L in VOC and also have CDPH emissions testing.

Actual Specification

Verbiage

KEY PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIERS

Color & Gloss

Performance

• ASTM D 4587 (QUV)

• ASTM D 4141 (EMMAQUA)

• AAMA 2604 (5-year) & AMMA 2605 (10-year)

Graffiti Resistance • ASTM D 6578

Soiling Resistance

• MIL-PRF-85285C (Dirt pick-up)

• ASTM D 5589 (Algal Resistance)

• ASTM D 3273 (Mold Resistance)

• ASTM D 5590 (Fungal Resistance)

Chalking Resistance • ASTM D 4214 (Degree of Chalking)

Corrosion Resistance of

the Complete System

• ASTM B 117 (Salt Fog)

• ASTM D 5894 (Cyclic Salt Fog/QUV)

CASE STUDIES15-20 YEAR REAL WORLD COLOR & GLOSS PERFORMANCE OF FEVE FLUOROPOLYMERS

2013 2020

FORUM: INGLEWOOD, CA

WATER TANK: GRANBURY, TX

2001 2015

WATER TANK: JOPLIN, MO

2003 2020

PEACHTREE BUILDING: ATLANTA, GA

2003 2020

SHUTTLECOCKS: KANSAS CITY, MO

2002 2019

QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

PARTICIPATION.