Flowering plants - angiosperms

A spectacular terrestrial radiation

Over 250,000 extant species

Major lineages originated 130-90 million years ago

Dramatic rise to dominance 100-70 million years ago

We’re Coordinated

Angiosperm phylogenetics has been highly collaborative (e.g., Donoghue and Doyle 1989; Chase et al. 1993; Chase et al. 1993; D. Soltis et al., 1997, 2000; Hoot et al. 1999; Qiu et al. 1999, 2000; P. Soltis et al., 1999; Olmstead et al. 2000; Savolainen et al. 2000; Zanis et al. 2002; Hilu et al. 2003)

There have been numerous collaborations among the PIs

Analyses of sequences from all three plant genomes have identified major clades

New classifications have been proposed (APG 1998; APG II 2003); also collaborative, and involving the PIs.

Summary tree

Triaperturatepollen

Amborella Cabomba

Illicium

Based on Soltis et a. 2000 with modifications from Zanis et al. 2002, Soltis et al. 2003

GunneralesSaxifragalesCaryophyllids

rosidsSantalales

BerberidopsidalesDilleniaceae

CornalesBalsaminaceaeMarcgraviaceae

Tetrameristaceae s.l.FouquieriaceaePolemoniaceaeSymplocaceaeDiapensiaceaeStyracaceaeMaeasaceae

TheophrastaceaePrimulaceaeMyrsinaceaeEbenaceaeSapotaceae

LecythidaceaeEricaceaeCyrillaceaeClethraceaeActinidiaceaeRoridulaceaeSarraceniaceae

Theaceae

Pentaphylaceae s.l.

GarryalesOncothecaceae

IcacinaceaeGentianalesSolanalesBoragniaceae

Vahliaceae

Plocospermataceae

Oleaceae

CarlemanniaceaeTetrachondraceaeSchlegeliaceaeAcanthaceaePedaliaceaeBignoniaceaeVerbenaceaeLamiaceae

LentibulariaceaeByblidaceaeMartyniaceaePaulowniaceaeOrobanchaceae

PhyrmaceaeStilbaceaeScrophulariaceaePlantaginaceaeGesneriaceaeCalceolariaceae

Aquifoliales

remaining AsteralesPentaphragmataceaeCampanulaceae

RousseaceaeBruniaceaeColumelliaceae s.l.

TribelaceaePolyosmaceaeEscalloniaceaeEremosynaceaeremaining Apiales

TorricelliaceaePennantiaceaeSphenostemonaceae

ParacryphiaceaeQuintinaceaeCaprifoliaceae s.l.

Adoxaceae

3. CORE EUDICOTS

9. ERICALES

11. LAMIALES

12. CAMPANULIDS

10. BASAL LAMIIDS

FIG. 1A

FIG. 1B

1. BASAL ANGIOSPERMS

2. BASAL EUDICOTS

3. CORE EUDICOTS

4. SAXIFRAGALES

5. CARYOPHYLLIDS

6. BASAL ROSIDS

7. BASAL FABIDS

8. MALPIGHIALES

AmborellaceaeNymphaeaceaeAustrobaileyalesmonocots

CeratophyllaceaeChloranthaceaemagnoliidsRanunculalesTrochodendraceae

BuxaceaeProtealesSabiaceaeGunnerales

Saxifragaceae allianceCrassulaceae alliance

AltingiaceaeCercidiphyllaceae

PeridiscaceaeHamamelidaceaeDaphniphyllaceae

PaeoniaceaeGisekiaceaeNyctaginaceaePhytolaccaceaeSarcobataceae

AizoaceaeMolluginaceae

BasellaceaeDidiereaceaeHalophytaceaeCactaceaePortulacaceae

StegnospermnataceaeAchatocarpaceaeAmaranthaceaeCaryophyllaceaeAsteropeiaceaePhysenaceae

SimmondsiaceaePolygonales

RhabdodendraceaeDilleniaceae

asteridsMyrtalesVitaceae

Crossosomatales s. l.

Geraniales

eurosid II (malvids)

OxalidalesHuaceaeGoupiaceaeEuphorbiaceaePutranjivaceaeCaryocaraceae

LinaceaeMalpighiaceaeElatinaceaeClusiaceae

PodostemaceaeBonnetiaceaeHypericaceaeOchnaceae s.l.Violaceae

Passifloraceae s.l.Chrysobalanaceae s.l.

BalanopaceaeAchariaceaeSalicaceaeHumiriaceaeIrvingiaceaeLacistemataceaeCtenolophonaceae

PandaceaePhyllanthaceaePicrodendraceaeLophopyxidaceae

IxonanthaceaeErythroxylaceaeRhizophoraceaeZygophyllaceaeKrameraceaeCelastralesRosalesFabalesFagales

CucurbitalesSantalales

Berberidopsidales

The “Dirty Dozen”

Angiosperm AToL goalsMultigene and genomics approaches (entire plastid sequences) to

clarify the framework of angiosperm phylogeny, focusing on 12 particularly problematic nodes (“dirty, but doable”)

Identify non-molecular synapomorphies and initiate a comprehensive morphological database for angiosperms with a suite of key features

Angiosperm AToL sequencingPlastid genome sequences

Whole plastid sequencing for 30species; collaboration with R. Jansen and the Green Plant AToLto compile a data set of ~100entire plastid sequences

Targeted sequencing

Sequence 17 genes of proven utility from 370 genera selected to span each of the 12 problematic nodes.

Resolve relationships within Malpighiales, Lamiales, Ericales, and Campanulids, using additional DNA regions and taxa.

Angiosperm AToL morphologySelected morphological features

recorded from 370 taxa in DNA analyses; first-hand observations of herbarium and living material

Observations available in a morphological database (e.g., MorphBank, F. Ronquist)

Three suites of characters emphasized: pollen morphology, leaf architecture, and wood/stem anatomy

Angiosperm AToL InformaticsThe Botany Browser--Integrating local and distributed data on

the Tree of Life

Web-based data resource integration -- specimens, morphology, DNA, images, geography, etc.

Links to GenBank, TreeBASE, IPNI, etc.

Access through tree-based viewer -- tools for viewing and comparing large trees

Angiosperm AToL TrainingTrain postdocs, graduate, and undergraduate students (emphasis on minorities)

Interdisciplinary training,combining phylogeny,genomics, morphology,and evolutionary biology;coordinated with the DeepTime and Deep Gene RCNs,and the Green PlantAToL(PI’s are participants)

International collaborations - student exchanges and training.

Angiosperm AToL Outreach

Develop project website on angiosperm phylogeny

Contribute pages for the Tree of Life Web Project and TreeHouses for K-12 use

Build an interactive, portable exhibit on phylogeny and the associated computational challenges (coordinated by PI Donoghue), providing results on plant phylogeny

Design posters detailing the angiosperm tree -- Multi-media Center, Botany Department, University of Wisconsin

Angiosperm AToL TeamCollaboration among research teams assembled through seven

institutions, with additional collaborators from other institutions in the US and Europe.

The co-PIs are:

University of Florida (UF): D. Soltis, P. Soltis, W. Judd, S. ManchesterUniversity of California-Davis (UCD): M. SandersonUniversity of Michigan (UM): Y. Qiu, C. Davis; K. WurdackUniversity of Washington (UW): R. OlmsteadUniversity of Wisconsin (UWisc): K. SytsmaVirginia Tech University (VT): K. HiluYale University (Yale): M. Donoghue, R. Beaman, N. Cellinese, L. Hickey

Angiosperm ATOL Management

Coordinated by D. and P. Soltis (UF)

Communicate and exchange data through the project website (www.flmnh.ufl.edu/angiospermATOL)

Annual all-hands meeting to share results and coordinate Annual workshop at one of the participating institutions, to explore research topics relevant to the project, and provide

additional training for the post-docs and students

AngiospermATOL

Stephen Smith

parsimony

likelihood

A project by Stephen Smith:to get more info, email stephen.smith@yale.edu or go to http://yphy.org