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Flowering periods of alpineplants at cupola basin,Nelson, New ZealandC.M.H. Clarke aa Forest Research Institute , Lower Huttb Protection Forestry Branch , New ZealandForest Service , P.O. Box 106, RangioraPublished online: 08 May 2012.

To cite this article: C.M.H. Clarke (1968) Flowering periods of alpine plantsat cupola basin, Nelson, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Botany, 6:2,205-220, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.1968.10429058

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1968.10429058

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FLOWERING PERIODS OF ALPINE PLANTS AT

CUPOLA BASIN, NELSON, NEW ZEALAND

C. M. H. CLARKE*

Forest Research Institute. Lower Hutt

(Received tor publication 18 October 1967)

SUMMARY

The period and intensity of flowering among spermatophytes was observed from spring 1963 to autumn 1966 at Cupola Ba5in, an alpine tributary of the Travers River, Nelson. Flowers were present from October to May, depending on conditions of weather and snow-cover in the three seasons, and among mono­cotyledons were observed to be restricted to December to March. Seventy percent of all flowering occurred between December and February. Onset of flowering was delayed by heavy snow, late spring thaw, and rersistent rain in 1964-65, and in species typically distributed over a wide altitudinal range was restricted and more intense at higher altitudes. Onset of flowering was also later and briefer on southerly and other shaded slopes.

INTRODUCfION

Timing and intensity of flowering in alpine plants reflect prevailing weather and decrease in temperature with rise in altitude (Holway and Ward, 1965; Mark. 1965; Scott, 1960). This paper records observations on these phenomena during the three years 1963-64 to 1965-66 at Cupola Basin. Nelson. Cupola Basin. described by Christie (1964), is a 3,OOO-acre tributary catchment of the Travers River, Nelson Lakes National Park. Altitude ranges from 2.630 ft to 7,396 ft. and approximately 70 percent of the area is above the beech forest timberline at 4.000-4.600 ft.

METHODS

From 1963 to 1966. for about nine days in each of the months from October to May, the presence of opened flowers on alpine plants was recorded. Flowering for all species was classified subjectively into four phases: "f"-first few flowers. "fP"--.-'increasing abundance of flowers, "P"-peak abundance of flowers, and "fS"-last few flowers and onset of seeding.

* Present Address: Protection Forestry Branch, New Zealand Forest Service, P.O. Box 106, Rangiora.

N .Z. JI Bot. 6: 205-20

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206 Nnv ZIAI AND JOIIRNAI OF BmANY [.Ill NF

Wet bulb. dry bulb. maximum and minimum temperatures (from thermo­meters in a Stevenson screen at 4.650 ft). precipitation. wind force. and cloud cover and movement .... ere recorded at 0900 hours N.Z.S.T. each day that the station was occupied. Precipitation during 1963-64 was recorded from a standard five-inch rain gauge. which. although adequate for rain. proved unreliable for mea~urement of snowfall. Accordingly. during 1964-65 and 1965 66. a heated precipitation gauge was used to obtain an ~timate of ~nowfall (Batcheler. in pre.<.;s). These data were supplemented by notes on !>IIUW cover. frost. moisture content of ground. and meltwater levels during spring. and by observations made at Top­house (2.150 ft and 14 mib NE of Cupola Basin) on prevailing weather when the research station was unoccupied.

rI.OWIRIN(j PLRIODS

Flowering periods were recorded for 31 species in all three years. 116 species for two years. and eight species for one year. These differences in numbers of species recorded are due to uncertain identiflcation and lack of opportunity to examine all species during 1963 -64 and 1964-65 years. Records collected over the three seasons for ISS species are grouped by families. and the times of flowering observed in this study are compared with those of Allan (1961) or Cheeseman (1925) (Appendix I).

Dicotylous species flowered from October to May. though four-fifths of all activity occurred from mid December to February. Among gymno­sperms and monocotyledons the season ranged from December to March.

The records for 31 species observed over three years were used to examine differences of flowering between years (Table I) and. though these indicated a markedly different flowering by individual species in each year. there were only minor differences among the total number of species in flower at anyone time (rig. I).

Flowering in 1963-64 began in October and 27 (87%) of the 3 I species were in flower by the end of .lanuary. Activity declined throughout February and March. although eight species continued to flower until mid May. In 1964-65 onset of flowering occurred in November and 25 (80%) of the species were flowering by the end of .I anuary. More species than in 1963-64 continued to flower during February and March' then activity declined during April and ceased in early May. Flowering i~ 1965-66 began in October and 28 (90%) of the species were in flower by the end of January. The number declined steadily during February and March. and flowering ceased in mid April.

WI.ATHIR

Summaries of rainfalL recorded temperature. and snow cover near timberline during the three years discussed are in Table 2.

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35

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CI C

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CLARKE - FLOWERING OF ALPINE PLANTS 207

x--x 1963 -64

Nov Dec Jon Month

Feb

0- --()

.- _e.

Mar

1964-65

1965-66

AprIl May

FIG. I-Number of 31 species flowering in given month.

DISCUSSION

FLOWERING AND WEATHER

Despite the lack of comprehensive i~strumental records necessary to fully quantify relations between flowermg and weather. adequate data were collected to warrant discussion of some points.

Spring of 1964 was exceptionally wet. Twelve to 14 ft of snow fell in August and persisted as a heavy snow pack above timberline until mid November. Then heavy rains and snow showers occurred in October and November (35 in. recorded). and as the snow pack melted (up to December) flows of meltwater were extensive. the ground was contin­ousty wet. and onset of flowering was retarded by 2-5 weeks. Ranunculus insignis. one of the earliest flowering species (because it occupies snow­free sites on bluffs). flowered in mid November, whereas normally it flowers in late October. Other early flowering species. Hehe ci/iolata. Oxalis lactea. Ranunculus lappaceus. and Viola cunninghamii, were simi­larly about three weeks late. Paradoxically, Ranuncufus verticil/alus flowered in late November. two weeks earlier than usual.

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208 NFW ZEAl AND JOURNAL OF BOTANY [JUNE

TABlE I-Flowering phases of 31 species, October 1963-May 1966

Species

A cu('na in('fmi.~

Aciphylla monroi

Brllchycom(' sinciairii

Celmisia coriac(,lI

Celmisia discolor (narrow-leafed form)

Celmisia .fe.HiIi/lora

Ce/misia sp('cl(Jbili.~ var. (/n~mstifll/ia

C('/mis/a Jaricijolia

Ch;()noch/Oll pal/ens

Chionoch/(I{j rtlhra

CYlIthodcs jrast'fi

Drllcophyll14m IIniflorHm

Gall/theria deprcssa

Gl'n tiana pall//II

Hebe ci/iO/t111l

Year Flowering al:tivity in month

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

1961-64 1964 -65 11.)65-(,6

1961-64 f 19M-6S 1965-66

1961-64 19M-6S 1965-66

1963-64 1964--65 1965--6(,

1963-64 1964--65 1965--66

1963-64 1964-05 1965--66

1963-64 1964-65 1965-66

1963-64 1964-65 1965-66

1963-64 1964-65 1965--6(,

1963-64 1964-65 1965--66

1963-64 I 964-6S 1965-66

1963-64 1964-65 1965-66

1963-64 1')64-65 1965-66

1%3-64 1964-65 1965-66

1963-64 1964-65 1965-66

f f

F F F

F

F F f F fF F

F fS F F fS

fS F fS fS

fF F f fF

F F F fS F F fS

f fF fF F fS

f F fF F f F

f fF

f F

F fS fS

fS fS fS

fS f F f fF f F

fS fS fS fS

fF F fS f fF f F

F fS fS fS

fF F fF fS f F

F fS fF fS F fS

f fF did not flower

f

fS did not

fF F

fF F f fF f F

F

flower fS fS

fS fS fS F fS

f F fS did not flower

f fS

F

fS F F fS fF F fS

fF F fF F fF F

fF F

fS

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Species Year Flowering activity in month

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Hebe vernicosa 1963-64 f F 1964-65 fF F fS 1965-66 f F

Hdichrysl/m bellidioides 1963-64 f fF F fS fS fS fS 1964-65 fF F fS fS fS 1965-66 f fF F F fS fS

Microseris scapigera 1963-64 fF F F fS 1964-65 f fF F F fS 1965-66 f fF F fS

Mllehlenbeckia lIxil/aris 1%3-64 fF F fS 1964-65 fS fS fS fS 1965-66 f fF fS fS fS

N olhofagus so/andr; var. 1963-64 fF elinor/ioides 1964-65 did not flower

1965-66 fF OxaJis iac/ea 1963-64 f fF F fS

1964-65 f F F fS 1965-66 f F F fS

Pentachondra pI/mila 1963-64 f F fS fS fS fS 1964-65 fF fS fS fS 1965-66 F F F fS

Poa co/ensoj 1963-64 f F F fS 1964-65 F F F 1965-66 F F fS

PodocarplIs nivaJis 1963-64 F fS 1964-65 fF F 1965-66 fF fF

R(m IIIICII Ius insignis 1963-64 f f F fS 1964-65 F F fS 1965-66 f fF F fS

Ranl/nclI/us itlppacells 1963-M f f fS 1964-65 f fS fS 1965-66 f F F

RanlinclIllIs verticil/allis 1963-64 f F 1964-65 f F 1965-66 f fF

Raol/lia grandi/lora 1963-64 F F fS 1964-65 f F fS fS 1965--66 f F fS fS

Senecio bellidioides 1963-64 fF F fS fS fS fS 1964-65 fF fF fS fS fS 1965-66 fF fF F fS fS

Viola cunninghamii 1963-64 f F F fS fS 1964-65 f F F fS fS fS 1965--66 f f F F fS

Wahlenbergia ulbomarginata 1963-64 fF F F F fS fS 1964-65 fF F fS fS fS 1965-66 f F F F fS

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212 NI-w ZHI AND JOURNAl. 01- BOTANY [Ju NE

Despite the generally late start. 15 species which had commenced flowering by mid December in 1963-64 and 1965-66 flowered as usual. and a few continued until late February (Fig. I). one month longer than observed in the other two !leasons.

Cool weather persisted throughout Decemher 1964 and January and February 1965 (rain or snow fell on 58 of 94 days between I December and 10 March in 1964 65). and many species were noticeably affected. Most species produced many flower buds. as could be expected after the warm year previously (Holway and Ward. 1965) but most of these buds did not develop. Brachycome _\-indairii. Celmhia discolor (narrow-leaved form). C. sessiliflora. C. _\pectahili.~ var. angu'\tifolia. Chionochloa pallens. A stelia nervosa. and Raoufia sp. (related to ruhra) produced very few flowers: three species. Chionoclrloa ruhra. Cyathodes fraseri. and Notho­fagus solandri var_ elinortioides. did not flower at all. However. some species. I>o'.J cofensoi. Aciphylla colemoi. lIehe rigidula. H. vernicosa. /I elichrysul1l sefago. Ranuncuf us im ign is. and It lappaceuJ. flowered prolifically in that season.

Termination of flowering was most clearly related to occurrence of autumn frosts. Heavy frosts occurred from late April in 1964-65 and 1965-66. and flowering ceased. but in 1963-64 heavy frosts did not occur until mid May. and flowering persisted until then in five species. Brachy­come sinclairii. lIelichry.\wn hellidioide.\. Microseris .\capigera. Wahlen­hergia alhomarginata. and Senecio helfidioides. Three species. Cotula .\-qualida. Cyatlwdes colen.mi. and Dracophyllum uniflorum. recom­menced flowering after seeding.

Temporary snow during summer and autumn did not usually affect flowering. except by direct physical damage: for example. many inflores­cences of Gentiana patula were destroyed when heavy snow hroke most peduncles in March 1963.

AI.T1TlIDI'_ ANI) Sin_

The timing and duration of flowering among several species. especially wide-ranging ones, varied with altitude and !.ite. Eight. Viola cunning­hamii. Wahlenhergia alhomarginatu. Oxalis lactea. Ranunculus lappaceus. R. gradlipes. lIelichrysum hellidioides. Ourisiu caespitosa. and Mazus radieans. were 21-35 days later at Cupola Basin than on the adjacent Travers River flats at 2.500 ft in the valley below. This represents twice the altitudinal lag of 14 days for about 3.000 ft recorded for four species which span the range 2,500 ft to 5.000-6.000 ft in the Godley Valley. Canterbury (Scott 1960).

Flowering periods in some wide-ranging species were typically briefer and more intense as altitude increased. Two species exemplify this: below 4.6<X> ft Cotula pyrethrifo{ia flowered from November to March. and Senecio hellidioides from December to May. but above this altitude Co/Ula pyrethrifolia flowered only from December to February. and Senecio bellidioides from January to March.

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Flowering began later on southern aspects and other shaded sites in Ranunculus insignis. Celmisia bellidioides. Hebe cilio/ata. Aciphylla monroi. Oxalis lactea. Cotula pyrethrifolia. and Viola cunninghamii. Activity was usually truncated on southern aspects during late April. presumably because of colder temperatures and formation of ice.

The times of flowering observed at Cupola Basin (Appendix I) differ from those given in Allan (1961) and Cheeseman (1925). The typical differences at Cupola Basin are later commencement of flowering. or extension of flowering during the autumn. which. although not intense. is persistent. Species which behaved in this way were: Hebe macrantha var. hrachyphylla. Gentiana hellidifolia. G. corYlllhifera. G. patula. Epilo­hium glahellwll. A nisotome aromatica var. aromatica. A. /ilifolia. Celmisia waminifolia. and C. lateralis var. villosa. Six species, Brachy­come 5indairi;. Wahlenbergia albolllarginata. Phurmium colem-oi. Penta­chondra pumila. C1aytonia australasica. and Cotula pyrethrifolia. flowered for a longer period than recorded by AHan or Cheeseman. Godley (1966) also notes a longer flowering period for Pentaclumdra pumila-from November to April in Nelson and Canterbury provinces.

Eight species. Gaultheri'.l crassa, Geranium microphyllulll. Plantago raoulii. Olearia arborescens. Myrsine divaricata. Leptospermum scoparium. Drapete.\· dietJenbachii, and Ranunculus gracilipes, flowered for a shorter period than recorded by Allan or Cheesemah. These are distributed over a wide altitudinal range. and both late onset and trunca­tion of flowering are probably consequences of later snowbreak in spring and earlier onset of cold temperatures in autumn at high altitudes.

These records cannot in all cases be strictly compared with those of Allan (1961) or Cheeseman (1925) because phenological information in these references does not usually embrace the entire range of the species; nor do these papers relate to phenological activities of localised popula­tions.

Specimens of most plants listed have been deposited in the herbarium at Animal Research Station. New Zealand Forest Service. Lower Hutt.

ACK NOWI.EDGMENTS

I am indebted to Mr C. L. Batcheler of New Zealand Forest Service, Lower Hutt. for encouragement and willing help at all times. I also wish to thank Mr A. H. C. Christie. Mrs M. M. Davidson of New Zealand Forest Service. Lower Hutt. Dr J. E. C. Flux of Animal Ecology Division. D.S.I.R .. Lower Hutt. and Professor J. A. F. Garrick of Victoria University, Wellington, for comments on the script.

REFERENCES

ALlAN. H. H. 1961: "Flora of New Zealand." Vo\. I. Government Printer, Wellington. 1085 pp.

BATCHELER, C. L. (In press): Description of a heated alpine precipitation gauge. and comments on the catch for 1965. NZ. JI Hydrology.

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214 NFW ZI'ALAND JOliKNAL OF BOTANY [J lJ NE

CIIEESEMAN. T. F. 1925: "Manual of thc Nc\\ ZCaland Flora." 2nd cd. Govern­mcnt Printcr. Wclllngton. IIll3 pp.

CIIRISTIE. A. H. C. 19M: A note on the chamois of New Zealand. Proc. N.Z. ('col. Soc. II: 32-6

GOOLEY. E. J. 1961l: Self sterility in PmlClcholldrCl pI/mila. N .Z. II BOI. 4(3): 249-54.

HOLWAY. G. G. and WARD. R. T. 1965: Phenology of alplnc plants in northcrn Colorado. f.cology 4{): 73-10.

MARK. A. F. 19"5: Flowering. seeding. and ,eedling cstablishment of narrow­leavcd ~nO\\ tu~sock. Chi()/lOClr/oll ri/-:idCl. N .Z. II HoI. 3(3): 1 HO-93.

ScUTT. D. 1960: Scasonal bchaviour of ~(lmc montanc plant specics. N.Z. II Sci. 3: 694-9.

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201

4

AP

PE

ND

IX

FL

OW

ER

ING

P

ER

IOD

S 1%3~6

Pea

k fl

ower

ing

mon

th

for

each

sp

ecie

s is

in

dica

ted

by

fi

gure

in

en

clos

ed

brd.

l:ke

ts

AR

AU

AC

EA

E

Yea

rly

reco

rds

Pse

udop

anux

co/

ctls

oi

2

BO~"GIN"CE"E

Myo

soli

s au

stra

lis

2

CA

MP

AN

UL

AC

EA

L

W u

hlt'n

bcrg

ill

ill b

onw

rgin

atil

:1

Wu

h/m

bcr

gio

sp.

(C

HR

790

14)

2 C

AR

OP

HY

lLA

CE

AE

C

ero

sliu

m

h%

slco

idcst

2

Cal

ohan

/fll

ls

bu

cha

na

nii

2

C.

stri

clll

s I

S{cl

lari

a g

raci/

cilIa

2

CO

MP

OS

ITA

E

Bra

chyc

onlc

si

ncla

irii

2

Cel

mis

ia a

llan

ii

2 C

. bc

llid

ioid

cs

2 C

. co

ria

ccll

3 C

. d

isc%

r (n

arro

w I

cavc

d fo

rm)

3 C

. gr

amil

1i/o

/ia

2 r.

/(/r

icif

olia

3

C.

11I{

em/is

var

. vi

JIl>

so

2 C

. scssili{

lora

3

C.

spcc

lahi

lis

var.

(Jn

glls

lifo

/iu

3 C

olli

/a

pyre

lhri

foli

a 2

C.

squo

lida

2

Cro

sped

ia u

. va

r. I

Inif

/oru

2

Erc

chfi

les

wai

ra(u

?nsi

s 1

H {/

asti

a pl

l/vi

nari

s 2

If.

sinc

lair

ii

2 H

clic

ltry

sum

be

llid

ioid

es

3

Obs

erve

d fl

ower

ing

peri

ods

12-(

12)-

2

12

-(

1). ...

2

12

-(

11-5

2

only

12

-(

1)-3

1-

1 2)

-3

I-(

2)-3

1

-( 2

1-2

12

-( 2

)-5

1-

( 2

)-2

\1

-(1

2)-

3

12-(

1)-

2 1

-( \)

-2

12-{

1

)-4

1

2-(

IH

12

-{

1)-

4

}2...

.( })

-4

12

-(

1)-

4

10-(

12)-

3 12

-( 1

)--2

, 5

12-(

1

)-4

1

-( 2

)-2

I-{

2)-

3

12

-( 2

}-4

11

-{

1)-5

Flo

wer

ing

peri

od g

h'c

n i

n A

llan

or

Che

esem

an

12

-2'

12-2

*"

12

-2*<

12-1

* 10

--4*

1

0-3

*

12

-2*

1 12

-1

1 12

-2**

1

12-2

** f

AlI

an a

ll s

pp.

11--

4 12

-1**

1 m

ainl

y 12

-1

12_1

*"1

1-2

\

12

-1'*

\ 1

2-1

**1

12

-"""

/ 1

2_

2'.S

All

an a

ll sp

p. 9

-(l2

-1)-

2

12

_2

'* A

llan

all

spp

. F

L.F

R 1

0-3

1-2*

* A

lbn

a\1

spp

. 1

1-2

12

-1 *

* A

llan

FL

,FR

12-

3 12

-1**

Alb

n F

L,F

R 1

2-3

11-2

** A

llan

all

spp

. 10

-1

Rem

arks

on

fl

ower

ing

Go

od

all

yea

rs.

Flo

wer

ed b

rief

ly b

ut

inte

nsel

y bo

th y

ears

.

Pro

lifi

c 19

63-6

4, p

oo

r 19

64-6

5, g

ood 1965~6.

Go

od

196

3-64

, p

oo

r 1964~5, p

roli

fic

1965

--66

. G

oo

d 1

964-

65.

Go

od

196

-1-6

5, p

oo

r 19

65--

66.

Go

od

1963~4, p

roli

fic

1964

-65.

goo

d 19

65-6

6.

Po

or

1964

-65,

pro

lifi

c 19

65-6

6.

Go

od

196

4-65

, p

oo

r 19

65--

66.

Go

od

196

4 ... 6

5, p

oo

r 1965~6.

Po

or

1964

--65

, p

oo

r 19

65--

66.

Po

or

1964

-65,

goo

d 19

65-6

6.

Po

or

19M

--65

, go

od 1

965-

66.

Go

od

all

year

s, p

rolo

nged

1 %4~5.

Sec

ond

flow

erin

g du

ring

May

196

4.

Go

od

196

3-64

, p

oo

r 19

64-6

5, g

ood 1965~6.

Po

or

1%5-

66.

Go

od

all

year

s.

Go

od

196

3-64

, pro

lifi

c 19

64-6

5, g

ood

1965

-66.

-0

0-

00

.....

.. o >­ :e

;<: ~ I :!1

'"' ~ tr. :e

Z

Cl .... - ~

"t:

Z m

:p

>­ Z

-l

rJ;

N

VI

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

"Uni

vers

ity a

t Buf

falo

Lib

rari

es"]

at 2

0:49

05

Oct

ober

201

4

H.

sc/a

go

2 12

-( 1

)-4

12

-1 *

* A

llan

all

sp

p. 1

0-1

Go

od

196

3-64

, pro

lifi

c 19

64-6

5, g

ood

1965

-66.

Lll

gcfl

opho

ra p

clio

ialu

2

12

-( 1

)-3

11-1

* N

Lel

lcog

cflc

s gr

afld

icc

ps

2 1

-( 2

)-3

11-3

**

Po

or

1964

-65,

goo

d 1965~6.

Mic

rosc

ris

sCllp

igcr

a 3

1-(

3)-

5 12

-2

occa

sion

ally

-5

" G

oo

d a

ll y

ears

. 0

-

Ole

aril

l ar

borc

scef

ls

2 H

1

)-2

10

-1*

Pro

lifi

c 19

64-6

5.

Rao

uliu

bry

oide

s 2

12-(

1)

-2

12

-1'*

) P

oo

r \9

64-6

5, 1

965-

66.

Rao

ulil

l sp

. (r

elat

ed t

o R

. ru

hra)

2

12-(

1)

-2

12-1

I

Po

or 1964~5, 19

65--

66.

R.

giab

ra

1 1-

( 2)

-5

12-1

**

LA

llan

all

spp.

P

oo

r 1%

5--6

6.

R.

gran

difi

oru

3 12

-( 1

)-3

12

-1*

*fl

l-l

occa

sion

ally

lat

er

R.

letl

llic

au/i

s 2

11-(

12)-

1 \2

-1 "

* G

oo

d a

ll y

ears

.

Sene

cio

bell

idio

ides

3

12--{

2

)-5

10

--3"

G

oo

d 1%3~4, p

roli

fic

1964

-65,

goo

d 19

65-6

6.

S. b

Cll

llcl

lii

2 12

-(

1)-

2

Z

S. /

IlIl

IllS

2

1-(

2

)-3

F

L.F

R a

ll y

ear*

~

S. /

yall

ii

2 12

-(

1)-

2

12

-2"

Go

od

all

yea

rs.

T a

ra.H

ICIII

JI

nlll

ge/l

llni

clIm

2

1-(

2

)-3

11

-2*

N

Tra

vers

ill

bacc

llll

roid

es

2 1-

( 2)

-3

1-2

" P

oo

r al

l ye

ars.

~

> :..- z

f:R

UC

IFE

RA

E

Ca

rda

mil

le b

i/ob

afa

2 12

-(

\)-2

C.

debi

lis

2 \1

-(1

2)-

2

....,

r. II

llif

/ora

2

12-(

1

)-2

'-

No

toth

/asp

i al

lslr

a/c

2 12

-(

1)-2

c X

l Z

)0

-

CY

PE

RA

CE

AE

C

arc

x le

po

rin

at

2 12

-(

1)-

2

11

-1'*

C.

pet

riei

2

12-(

1

)-2

-

C.

sinc

lair

ii

2 12

-(

1)-

2

\2-2

**

....,

'.

Ca

rph

a a

/pil

la

2 1

-( 2

)-3

12

-2*"

g:

l

Ore

ob

oil

ls

pec/

illl

/III

S 2

1-(

2)-

3

~

Sc/z

oell

lls

pall

cifi

oru

s 2

1-(

1

)-2

12

-3**

>

Z

-<

T)R

OS

ER

AC

EA

E

Dro

sera

are

tllr

i 2

1-(

2)-

3

FL

,FR

11-

3**

EL

AE

CA

RP

AC

EA

E

A r

iSfo

ll"i

ll

jru/

icos

Cl

2 11

-(

1)-

2

10-1

2*

EP

AC

RID

AC

EA

E

CY

(lth

odes

cal

el/s

oi

2 1

1-(

12

)-2

,5

12-1

* S

econ

d fl

ower

ing

May

196

4.

,.......,

C.

(ras

cri

3 11

-(12

)-3

9-1

occa

sion

ally

-3

*

Pro

lifi

c 1 Q

63-6

4, f

aile

d 19

64-6

5, p

oo

r 19

65-6

6.

'-

Drl

lco

ph

y/lu

nl

/oll

gi/o

lill

f1l

2 1

2-(

/2)-

1

lAll

an

all

spec

ies

c S

eco

nd

flo

wer

ing

May

196

4.

z

D.

Ilil

i/lo

rum

3

12--{

1

)-4

,5

jFL

,FR

11

-5

~

Pel

llll

c/Jo

fldr

a p

um

ila

3

12

-( 2

)-5

11

-2*

Pro

lon

ged

flo

wer

ing

all

year

s.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

"Uni

vers

ity a

t Buf

falo

Lib

rari

es"]

at 2

0:49

05

Oct

ober

201

4

AP

PE

ND

IX (

Co

nti

nu

ed

) F

LO

WE

RIN

G

PE

RIO

DS

19

63-6

6 P

eak

flow

erin

g.

mo

nth

fo

r ~ch sp

ecie

~}s

indic~~_ b

y ~~ure

in

encl

osed

br

acke

ts

ER

ICA

CE

AE

G

au

lth

eria

dep

ress

a

G.

cras

sa

FA

GA

CE

AE

N

oth

ofa

gu

s so

/and

ri v

ar.

clit

Jort

ioid

cs

GE

NT

IAN

AC

EA

E

Gen

tio

na

bel

lidi

foli

u G

. he

llid

ifol

ia (

narr

ow l

eafe

d fo

rm)

G.

cory

mb

ifcr

a

G.

patl

iia

G.

spen

ceri

G

ER

AN

IAC

EA

E

Ger

an

ium

mic

rop

lzyl

lum

G

RA

MIN

EA

E

Ch

ion

och

/oa

aus

tral

is

C.

flav

esce

ns

C.

pall

ens

C.

rllb

ra

Dev

ellx

ill

IIve

noid

cs

D.

tors

teri

F

CSr

UCl

l m

lltt

hew

sii

Mic

ro/a

ena

co/e

nso;

N

ow

da

nlh

on

i(J

sCli

foli

a P

oa c

o/en

so;

P. n

ova

e-le

i and

iae

Tri

seru

m

you

ng

ii

HA

LO

RA

GA

CE

AE

G

un

ner

a d

enta

la

Yea

rly

Obs

erve

d fl

ower

ing

reco

rds'

pe

riod

s

3 12

-( 1

)-2

2 11

-( 1

)-2

3 12

onl

y

2 2

-( 3

)-4

2

1-(

3)-

3

2 2

-(

3)--

4 3

2-(

3)

-5

2 2

-( 3

)--4

2 1

2-(

1)-

2

2 12

-( 1

)-2

2 12

-( 1

)-2

3

12-(

1)-

2 3

12-(

1)-

2

2 12

-( 1

)-2

2

12-(

1)-

2 2

12

-( 1

)-2

2

12-(

1

)-2

2

12-(

1)-

2 3

12-(

))-

3

2 12

-(

1)-2

2

12

-( 1

)-2

12-(

1)-

2

Flo

wer

ing

peri

od g

iven

in

A

llan

or

Che

esem

an

11-2

*

12-4

*

11-1

*

1-3*

*1 \ I A

llan

all

sp

p.

1-3

**

(12

-(1

-2-3

)-6

1-

3**\

1-

3**J

10--

2*

12-1

*

Rem

arks

on

flow

erin

g

Go

od

19

h3-6

4,

po

or

1964

-65,

no

fl

ower

s 19

65-6

6.

Go

od

19

63-6

4,

no

flow

ers

1964

-65,

p

oo

r 19

65-6

6.

Pro

lifi

c 19

64-6

5, p

roli

fic

1965

-66

Go

od

196

3-64

, pr

olif

ic 1964-6~,

good

196

5-66

.

Go

od

all

yea

rs.

Go

od

196

4-65

, po

or 1

965-

66.

Po

or

1963

-64,

poo

r 19

64-6

5, p

roli

fic

1965

-66.

P

oo

r 19

63-6

4,

no

flow

ers

1964

-65,

p

oo

r 19

65-6

6.

Po

or)

964

-65,

goo

d 19

65-6

6.

Po

or

1964

-65,

goo

d 19

65-6

6.

Po

or

1964

-65,

goo

d 19

65-6

6.

Go

od

19

64-6

5, g

ood

1965

-66.

G

oo

d 1

964-

65,

good

19

65-6

6.

Pro

lifi

c 19

64-f

>5,

good

19

65-6

6.

Pro

lifi

c 19

64-6

5, g

ood

) 965

-66.

\0

0-

00

.....

. o ;..

;>: ~

ttl J :!l

;-.. ~ ttl

:;.:l Z ~

C

-r:

~

~ Z

ttl :9

:.­ z ....,

r.r.

IV

--.J

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

"Uni

vers

ity a

t Buf

falo

Lib

rari

es"]

at 2

0:49

05

Oct

ober

201

4

1 V N

CK

EA

E

)III

lCIl

S

TIo

I'a

c-:c

1a

nd

iu('

I,

ll;

1/[<

1 cri

nit

u

\ a

r.

pe

triu

Tla

L

pic(

a \a

r. p

iela

R

"sl/

...'I

I'iu

gr

acil

is

LE

Gli

M I

NO

SA

E

Tri

/,'[

ium

d

uh

illm

t T.

rC

{lC

lIst

LIl

IKE

AE

. -1

s(e

lia f

lcrl

'osa

F

./l(/

rgl'<

I p

arl

'ijlo

ra

PII

<)r

milln

l co

leT

lso

i

L.O

BE

Ll.

KE

AE

P

(ufi

,1

,lII

gl/

llI(1

I P

. f'

/acro

de

lfl

IOR

\Nn

l-\C

EA

E

F.I,\

(ru

ll/h

e

1<

'1("

[,c/

1I1

1I

\1\

RS

IN-\

CE

-\E

H

I rs

il/(

' d

ir(/

riclI

(a

\1\R

T-\

cE

AE

I

t,/)

(,)'

i/h

'rI1

1U

nl

'\c

<'p

ari

uf'

''

0"1

\GR

KE

.AE

r:

:'i/

"hll'lI

ch

/",,

;cjo

/ill/1

l To

• 'rll h

('SC

l'IlS

F.

,,

/lIh

c/l1

l11l

r: 'f'

.' ,

II, '.

H<

lC''.

' 1//

1/

r: (:

1 h

r, J

.l!l

urg

i//<

HI/

/n

OR

ClI

IO-\

cE ..

E

-1.1

,1/,

.ch

i/u

s g

raci

/is

r,i/

ad

o/i

ll

/ve

il/ii

rlli/,

)";/

,)lf

is' "

or/

lU1

<1

r,

'n h

as

rri/

oh

lls

(;,

"I«

.di"

Clll

lllill

!:h

llmii

I'.f

i,'r

olis

u

nif

o/i

tl

OX

\{ J

D.K

E. ...

E

() I'

ll/is

II

ICIC

II

Prr

rOS

PO

RK

EA

E

ri//

o.s

po

rlln

l ill/

on

/a/r

lm

2 1

2-(

1)-

2

2 1

1-(

1

)-2

2

12-(

1

)-3

2

12-(

1

)-2

2 12

-(

1 )-2

2 12

-(

1 )-2

2 I-

-(

1)-

2

2 1

-(

2)-

2

2 1

2-(

2

)-3

2 2-

( 3)

--4

2 H

2)-

-4

:2 12

-(

1)-

2

2 11

-(12

)-1

2 12

-(

1)-

2

2 \1

-(

1)-

3

2 12

-(

\)-3

2

12-(

1

)-4

2

1-(

1

)-2

2

\-(

1 )-2

2 12

o

nly

2

12-(

1)

-1

2 12

-(

1)-

2

2 12

o

nly

2

1-(

2)-3

2

1-(

2)-

3

3 11

-(

1}-

2

2 12

-(

1 )-1

11

-2*

'

\"'-"

.'

12

-1"

II·""

II-I

'·

11

-2"

FL

.FR

10

-40

,:,:

,6'

12

-2'·

F

L.F

R 1

1-4

'

10

-1"

6-II

'

FL

.FR

9-6

", 1

0-4

"

\0-2

· F

L.F

R II

-~'

II-.~ ,

to-y

O

12-2

**

II-I"

12

-IH

10

12*

*

11

-1**

1

0-1

2'·

10

-3'

9-11

"

Cil

lnd

all

} car

s.

Pe

lOf

1%:1

M

, p

oo

r 19

M-6

5, g

oo

d

1%

5-b

6.

Po

or

all

year

s .

PoO

f 19

63-6

4, g

oo

d

19M

-65,

gel

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1965

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4