Flow of Energy and Matter
description
Transcript of Flow of Energy and Matter
![Page 1: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Flow of Energy and Matter
![Page 2: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ecosystem Recycling
• Energy and matter flow through an ecosystem• Plants get energy from the sun• We get energy from what we eat–Metabolism
![Page 3: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ecosystem Recycling
• Matter must be recycled and reused.• A few elements make up most
living things•CHNOPS
• These elements move between living and non living things.
![Page 4: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CHNOPS
• CHNOPS cycle through an ecosystem and recombine into different compounds.
• Compounds important to life:–Carbohydrates: CHO–Lipids: CHO–Proteins: CHNO –Nucleic Acids: CHNOP
![Page 5: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles
• How do these elements and compounds move through an ecosystem? –Biogeochemical cycles:•Movement of elements through the air, water, soil, rock and living things.
![Page 6: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Water Cycle
• Why is water critical to life?–Makes up most of our cells–It’s a place for chemical reactions
to take place–Helps to dissolve, break up and
transport compounds in rock and soil.
![Page 7: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Water Cycle
• Where is water in the environment?–Atmosphere•Water vapor
–Bodies of Water•Streams, lakes, oceans
–Frozen in ice –Groundwater
![Page 8: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Water Cycle
• How does water “cycle”–Evaporation–Transpiration–Condensation–Precipitation–Infiltration–Run off
![Page 9: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Water Cycle
![Page 10: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Effects of Human Activities on Water Cycle
• We alter the water cycle by:–Using large amounts of freshwater.–Clearing vegetation and eroding
soils.–Polluting surface and underground
water.–Contributing to climate change.
![Page 11: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
• What make Carbon so great?–Carbon bonds easily with carbon–Carbon makes a skeleton for other
atoms –It’s the perfect building block for
large molecules like protein and nucleic acids
![Page 12: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
• Where is carbon in the environment?–Atmosphere: carbon dioxide–Ocean: marine life, dissolved in
water.–Stored in rocks, soil and fossil fuel
![Page 13: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
– Plants use CO₂ and water for photosynthesis and release O₂– Animals use O₂ for cellular
respiration and release CO₂
![Page 14: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
![Page 15: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Effects of Human Activities on Carbon Cycle
• We alter the carbon cycle by adding excess CO2 to the atmosphere through:–Burning fossil fuels.–Clearing vegetation faster than it is
replaced.
![Page 16: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nitrogen CycleWhy is Nitrogen important to life?
Used to make proteins and DNALife could not go on without it
Where do we get nitrogen?80% of the atmosphere is nitrogen
But….living things can not use it in this form.
![Page 17: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen fixation - bacteria change N₂ to a usable form NO₃⁻
• Decomposers – break down dead things, urine and dung (N₂ to NH₃⁻)
• Nitrification – bacteria change NH₃⁻ to NO₃⁻• Denitrification – bacteria change fixed nitrogen
to nitrogen gas.• Plants take up nitrogen and animals eat plants
or other animals.
![Page 18: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle
![Page 19: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Effects of Human Activities on the Nitrogen Cycle
• We alter the nitrogen cycle by:– Adding gases that contribute to acid rain.– Adding nitrous oxide to the atmosphere through
farming practices which can warm the atmosphere and deplete ozone.
– Contaminating ground water from nitrate ions in inorganic fertilizers.
– Releasing nitrogen into the troposphere through deforestation.
![Page 20: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Phosphorus Cycle• Why is Phosphorus Important to Life?
ATP(that energy molecule created by every living thing)DNA and Bone tissue too.
• Where is it?- Rocks and soil
![Page 21: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Phosphorus Cycle
• How does it cycle?–Plants absorb it from the soil–Animals get P from eating plants of
other animals.–P is returned to the soil by excrement
and decomposing organisms –It’s absorbed again or its stored in rocks
![Page 22: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Phosphorus Cycle
![Page 23: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Effects of Human Activities on the Phosphorous Cycle
• We remove large amounts of phosphate from the earth to make fertilizer.• We reduce phosphorous in tropical
soils by clearing forests.• We add excess phosphates to aquatic
systems from runoff of animal wastes and fertilizers.
![Page 24: Flow of Energy and Matter](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56814f5a550346895dbd08c8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Rock Cycle
• Rocks:–Igneous–Sedimentary–Metamorphic
• Processes that change rock into soil–Weathering (freeze/thaw)–Erosion (removal by wind/water/ice)