Flow measurement of CO2 streams with impurities by ... · Nazeri, M., Maroto-Valer, M. M., Jukes,...
Transcript of Flow measurement of CO2 streams with impurities by ... · Nazeri, M., Maroto-Valer, M. M., Jukes,...
Flow measurement of CO2 streams
with impurities by Coriolis flowmeter
Introduction• The captured carbon dioxide should be transported to the storage location via
pipeline. The desirable condition to transport CO2 by pipelines is to transport
in the dense supercritical phase, i.e. above 8.6 MPa. The critical pressure of
CO2 is 7.38 MPa. However, transporting CO2 in the gaseous phase would be
unavoidable when using some of existing infrastructures.
• Metering of the flow could be challenging due to the presence of impurities as
well as unusual physical properties of the CO2 with impurities. However, no
investigations have been performed to evaluate the performance of
flowmeters with the pressurized CO2 at operational CCS conditions. The
metering accuracy must be within the range of ±1.5% by mass according to
the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) regulations.
Aims and objectives • The goal of project is to investigate the performance of Coriolis mass
flowmeter with high CO2 content mixtures.
• To study the effect of impurities on the accuracy of the Coriolis flow meter.
• To investigate the performance of Coriolis flow meter at conditions likely to
happen in the CCS operations.
• To investigate the accuracy of density measurement by Coriolis meter
Key findings / outcomes • The potential flowmeters for the transport of CO2-rich mixtures in pipelines
were reviewed. Coriolis meters were selected as an optimistic option because
of high accuracy and ability to measure in both gas and dense phases [2].
• The fluid was transported through the Coriolis meter using pressurized air-
driven pump from the source cylinder to the receiving facilities.
• The Average Absolute Relative Deviation (AARD) were obtained by comparing
the measured mass collected in the receiving cylinders by robust weighing
balance (±0.1 g) to the recorded mass by Coriolis meter.
• The AARD of 0.29% was achieved in validation tests using pure N2 [4].
• Reference tests were performed using pure CO2 at various P&T conditions
and the AARD of 0.34% and 0.11% was obtained in the gas and dense liquid
phases, respectively [3,4].
• Both impurities and transient operations can increase the uncertainties.
• The uncertainty of the Coriolis flowmeter in the measurements conducted with
gas mixtures increased up to the AARD of 1.4% due to the presence of
impurities [5,6].
• The uncertainty of the measurements in the full-scale range are expected to
be in the range of EU-ETS requirements [5].
• The accuracy of the density measurements using Coriolis meter are under
investigation.
Research highlights • Potential flowmeters to be applied for the flow measurement of high CO2
content mixtures in the CO2 transport pipelines were reviewed [2].
• An industrial scale Coriolis mass flow meter from KROHNE was selected.
• A first of kind in-house CO2 mass flow-rig based on the gravimetric
calibration method was designed and constructed [3].
• The flow-rig was validated using pure N2 [4].
• The performance of the selected Coriolis meter (OPTIMASS 6000-S08 from
KROHNE) was measured using pure CO2 as reference tests [4].
• Various fluids representing the fluids captured by different technologies (pre-
combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel) were provided.
• The performance of Coriolis meter was investigated with the provided
mixtures in both steady state and transient conditions [5,6].
• The accuracy of the density measurement by Coriolis meter also was
studied using multi-component mixtures and compared to the EoSs.
Future work• To study different flowmeters in the CO2 transportation.
• To prepare a technical guideline for the CO2 flow measurement in CCS.
• To investigate the effect of viscosity on the performance of Coriolis meters.
References1. Nazeri, M., Chapoy, A., Burgass, R., Tohidi, B., “Measured Densities and Derived Thermodynamic
Properties of CO2-Rich Mixtures in Gas, Liquid and Supercritical Phases from 273 K to 423 K and
Pressures up to 126 MPa”, J. Chem. Thermodynamic, vol. 111, pp. 157–172, 2017
2. G. J. Collie, Nazeri, M., A. Jahanbakhsh, C.-W. Lin, and M. M. Maroto-Valer, “Review of
flowmeters for carbon dioxide transport in CCS applications,” Greenhouse Gases Sci. Technol.,
vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 10–28, Feb. 2017
3. C.-W. Lin, M. Nazeri, A. Bhattacharji, G. Spicer, and M. M. Maroto-Valer, “Apparatus and method
for calibrating a Coriolis mass flow meter for carbon dioxide at pressure and temperature
conditions represented to CCS pipeline operations,” Applied Energy, vol. 165, pp. 759–764, Mar.
2016.
4. Nazeri, M., Maroto-Valer, M. M., Jukes, E., The fiscal metering of transported CO2-rich mixtures in
CCS operations, GHGT-13 (Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies) conference 14th – 18th
November 2016, Lausanne Switzerland.
5. M. Nazeri, M. M. Maroto-Valer, E. Jukes, Performance of Coriolis Flowmeters in CO2 Pipelines
with Pre-combustion, Post-combustion and Oxyfuel Gas Mixtures in Carbon Capture and
Storage, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 54, pp. 297–308, 2016.
6. Nazeri, M., Maroto-Valer, M. M., Jukes, E., Performance of the Coriolis flowmeters for metering of
CO2 with impurities, 34th International North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop 2016, 25th – 28th
October 2016, St Andrews, Scotland.
Comp.Pre-
comb.
Post-
Comb.
Oxy-
fuel1
Oxy-
fuel2
CO2 96.96 98.03 85.08 97.98
O2 --- --- 4.81 0.72
H2 1.55 --- --- ---
N2 1.00 1.97 5.13 0.69
Ar 0.49 --- 4.98 0.60
Results of the test at constant pressure
Mahmoud Nazeria, Mercedes Maroto-Valera, Edward Jukesb
a Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE),
School of Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
b KROHNE Ltd, 34-38 Rutherford Drive, Park Farm Industrial Estate, Wellingborough, Northants NN8 6AE, United Kingdom
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
230 250 270 290 310
P/M
Pa
T / K
Post-CombustionPre-CombustionOxyfuel-IOxyfuel-IIPure CO2
Supercritical
Gas
Liquid
Two-phaseRegion
Acknowledgement: Further Information:
Dr. Mahmoud Nazeri: [email protected]
Prof. Mercedes Maroto-Valer: [email protected]
PRV
PT
CFM
C-01C-03
Ch
P-01
PR
vent
H/Th-03
PC
C-02
V1
V2
V3
V4CV
PAI
PD
TB
WS
V5 V6
H/Th-01H/Th-02
P-02
V7
vent
V9
V8
PRV
PG-01
PG-02
WS
CFM: Coriolis Flow Meter, PC: Pressure Controller, P-01: Pressurized air driven in-line pump,
P-02: Recirculating pump, PRV: Pressure Relief Valve, V1-V2-V3: Solenoid valves, PD:
Pulsation Dampener, PR: Pressure Regulator, CV: Check Valve, PT: Pressure Transducer, PG-
01-02: Pressure Gauges, C-01: Main Cylinder, C-02: Source Cylinder, C-03: Receiving
Cylinder, V4 to V9: on/off valves, H/Th-01-02-03: Heater/ Thermometer, TB: Temperature Bath,
WS: Weighing Scale, Ch: Chiller and PAI: Pressurized Air Inlet
Phase envelopes using Peng-Robinson
Equation of State with CO2 volume
correction (PR-CO2 EoS) [1]
Coriolis flowmeter
OPTIMASS 6000-S08
From KROHNE
y = 3.8672x2 + 7.2991x - 2.0998R² = 0.9983
y = 3.5321x2 + 9.088x + 7.4772R² = 0.9981
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6
ρ/
kg.m
-3
p / MPa
Measured Densities by Coriolis Flowmeter
Predicted Densities by PR-CO2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 40 80 120
P/
MP
a
t / s
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 40 80 120
qm
/ kg
/h
t / s
Comparison of densities of Oxyfuel10
1
2
3
4
5
0 50 100 150 200 250
P /
MP
a
t / s
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 50 100 150 200 250
qm
/ kg
/h
t / s
Results of the test at transient ramp-up conditions
Composition of the gas mixtures
Fluid T/K P/MPa qm/ kg.h-1 mScale/g mCFM/g Error/g u/%
CO2 293.7 1.04 9.4 91.0 90.9 -0.1 -0.09
CO2 293.4 1.23 6.0 53.9 53.7 -0.2 -0.30
Pre-combustion 292.7 3.25 - 3.75 15.2 78.1 78.6 0.5 0.6
Pre-combustion 292.4 2.90 -3.70 10.1 181.5 182.1 0.6 0.4
Post-combustion 292.2 1.55 - 2.50 6.6 98.9 97.9 -1.0 -1.0
Oxyfuel-1 292.1 4.08 - 4.52 14.5 134.6 136.5 1.9 1.4
Oxyfuel-2 292.9 4.48 5.2 149.0 150.7 1.7 1.2
Operational conditions and results of the tests with oxyfuel-II gas mixture:
Standard uncertainties, u, are: u(T) = 0.1 K, u(p) = 0.05 MPa and u(m) = 0.1 g.