Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection...
Transcript of Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection...
![Page 1: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection Wells
Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP January, 2013
![Page 2: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Source: U.S. Geological Survey
![Page 3: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Source: elmhurst.edu
![Page 4: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Municipal RO Blend Industrial Other Hazardous
Num
ber o
f Wel
ls
Class I Injection Wells - 2010
Number of Wells
176 Total Wells
22
108
1 3
26
16
![Page 7: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Desalination Facilities in Florida (FDEP, 2009)
![Page 8: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WTP/WWTP = Ο WTP = Δ
Blended WTP/WWTP
WTP Only
Class I Desalination Wells
![Page 9: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of Water Treatment Plants using Injection
• Membrane – mostly Reverse Osmosis (RO)
• Lime Softening • Electrodialysis Reversal (1 plant) • Nanofiltration
![Page 10: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Injection Well
g
Anhydrite
Base USDW
Injection Zone
Brackish Ground Water
Potable Ground Water
![Page 11: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sy
Injection Zone
Injection Zone
Peninsular Florida Tertiary Stratigraphy
![Page 12: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RO Injection Wells in Sarasota County, Florida: The Early Years
W E
Venice Gardens Plantation Englewood
Avon Park Formation Injection Zone
1000
ft
SL
![Page 13: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Albert Whitted WRF Generalized Pre-Injection (Background) Water Quality
Profile
Depth in Feet
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200 Concentration expressed in mg/L (CH2M HILL, March 1993)
TDS > 35,000
TDS 10,000 - 35,000
TDS 3,000 - 10,000
TDS < 3,000
East IW-2 MW-1 MW-2
MW-3 West IW-1 Hydrogeologic Unit
General Formation/ Lithologic
Surficial Sands
Peace River Formation
Tampa Member of Arcadia Formation
Aquitard Suwannee Limestone
Water Bearing Zone
Avon Park Formation
Aquitard
Injection Zone
Aquitard
Surficial Aquifer
Ocala Limestone
A
B
C
Upp
er Fl
orid
an A
quife
r H
awth
orn
Gro
up
Water Bearing Zone
Aquitard
Zone
![Page 14: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chemistry of Wastewater vs. Injection Zone Water
Municipal RO Injection Parameter Wastewater Concentrate Zone Chloride 100 mg/L 1500-6000 19,000 Sulfate 100 mg/L 1000-2000 2,000 Total Dissolved 500mg/L 3000-20,000 35,000 Solids pH 7 std units 7 7 Gross Alpha <15 pCi/L 20-300 >15 Total Nitrogen 20 mg/L 2-4 <2 Specific Gravity 1.000 g/cc 1.004-1.01 1.025
![Page 16: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Operating Conditions of a WTP Injection Well in South Florida
Injection into “Boulder Zone”
Very high Transmissivity – >1 mgd/ft or 134,000 ft2/d
Volumes – Up to approximately 2 MGD
Very low wellhead pressure - < 20 psi; can be < 5 psi
WTP concentrate may be combined with WWTP effluent
Increased volumes and injection pressures
One to two wells per site
![Page 17: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TYPES OF TUBING MATERIAL
MILD STEEL
EPOXY-COATED STEEL
ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE (ABS)
FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)
DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
![Page 19: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Source: Future Pipe Industries
![Page 20: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Factors Affecting Corrosion of Tubing and Packers
Salinity of Injectate
Tubing Material
Packer Material
Packer Design
Dissolved Oxygen in Injectate
Injection Rates
![Page 21: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
TYPES OF PACKERS
MECHANICALLY SET, CONVENTIONAL TYPE
(SUCH AS TIW) - removable “POSITIVE-SEAL” TYPE – non-removable
![Page 22: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Positive Seal Packer
![Page 23: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
HOW TO FIX AN ANNULAR LEAK
Hope it goes away
Tighten/repair all surface connections
Place seal (bentonite, barite) on top of packer
Replace annular fluid with a special mixture to seal leak
Replace tubing and/or packer, refill annulus with fluid
Completely cement annular space
![Page 24: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cemented Tubing
Cemented Annulus
Cemented Final Casing
Tubing
Packer
Casing Cemented Intermediate
Injection Zone
Base USDW
![Page 25: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Alternative Design, Older Well Double-Cased To Injection Zone
Another cemented casing (non-steel)
Casing
(steel)
Cemented
Cemented casing (steel)
Injection Zone
![Page 26: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Required Monitoring at Class I WTP Sites: Field Temperature (deg. C)
pH (std. units) Specific Conductance (µmhos/cm)
Chloride (mg/L) Sulfate (mg/L)
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) Sodium (mg/L) Calcium (mg/L) Potassium (mg/L)
Magnesium (mg/L) Bicarbonate (mg/L) Iron (mg/L)
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Gross Alpha (pCi/L) Radium 226 (pCi/L) Radium 228 (pCi/L)
![Page 27: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Vertical Fluid Monitoring
Depth in Feet
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200 Concentration expressed in mg/L (CH2M HILL, March 1993)
TDS > 35,000
TDS 10,000 - 35,000
TDS 3,000 - 10,000
TDS < 3,000
East IW-2 MW-1 MW-2
MW-3 West IW-1 Hydrogeologic Unit
General Formation/ Lithologic
Surficial Sands
Peace River Formation
Tampa Member of Arcadia Formation
Aquitard Suwannee Limestone
Water Bearing Zone
Avon Park Formation
Aquitard
Injection Zone
Aquitard
Surficial Aquifer
Ocala Limestone
A
B
C
Upp
er Fl
orid
an A
quife
r H
awth
orn
Gro
up
Water Bearing Zone
Aquitard
Zone
![Page 28: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
7/1/1997 7/1/1998 7/1/1999 7/1/2000 7/1/2001 7/1/2002 7/1/2003 7/1/2004 7/1/2005 7/1/2006 7/1/2007 7/1/2008
North Miami Dade Mon Well FA2N Zone B TDS
Series1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
7/1/1997 7/1/1998 7/1/1999 7/1/2000 7/1/2001 7/1/2002 7/1/2003 7/1/2004 7/1/2005 7/1/2006 7/1/2007 7/1/2008
North Miami Dade Mon Well FA2 Zone B TKN
Series1
![Page 30: Florida’s Class I Water Treatment Injection WellsFlorida’s Class I . Water Treatment Injection Wells. Joseph Haberfeld, P.G. UIC Program, FDEP . January, 2013](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041913/5e688fe4aa3bb91faa713c26/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Contact Information
Joe Haberfeld
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
2600 Blair Stone Road, MS 3530
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400
Phone: 850-245-8655
Email: [email protected]