Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Unit 2.3 Health Effects.
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Transcript of Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Unit 2.3 Health Effects.
Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Key Terms
Toxicity Ability of a substance to cause injury
Poison Material that causes harm at low doses
Toxin Product of a living organism
Toxicant Man-made
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Types of Poisons
• Hemotoxins • Necrotics• Neurotoxins • Asphyxiants
– Simple displacement– Pathological
• Irritants
•CNS
•Pulmonary
•Cardio-Vascular
•Liver (hepatic)
•Kidney (renal)
•Blood & bone marrow
•GI tract
•Reproductive
•DNA & the protein synthesis process
Unit 2.3 3
Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Types of Poisons
Nephrotoxins Hepatotoxins Mutagens Tetratogens Carcinogens
•CNS
•Pulmonary
•Cardio-Vascular
•Liver (hepatic)
•Kidney (renal)
•GI tract
•Reproductive
•DNA & the protein synthesis process
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Influences of Toxicity
Physical StateSolid Liquid Gas
Route of Exposure Inhalation
Size of materialSolubilityFast absorption
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Influences on Toxicity
Routes of Exposure Skin and EyeAbsorption
Solubility of materialTime of contactSlow route/good barrier
IngestionShould not be a problemSystemicDirect damage to GI tract
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Influences on Toxicity
Routes of Exposure Injection
Enter through cuts or puncturesHigh pressure
Duration of exposure Dose of exposure
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Exposure Limits
TWAAverage of exposure for 8 hr day
PEL OSHAREL NIOSHTLV ACGIH
STEL 15 minCeiling
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Exposure Limits
LD (low)
LC (low)
LD 50
LC 50
IDLH Applies to inhalation
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
IDLH
Imediately Dangerous to Life and HealthApplies to inhalationOther IDLH
Flammable atmospheresOxygen deficient environmentsStructural collapse hazardsActive shooter situationsTerrorist and secondary devices
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Influences on Toxicity
Individual sensitivities Environmental factors Chemical properties Interspecies variation (e.g., health and
age factors)
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Influences on Toxicity
Chemical combinationsSynergism 1 + 1 = 3Potentiation 1 + 0 = 2Antagonism 1 + 1 = 0
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Radiological Toxidrome
Alpha effects (α) Beta effects (β) Gamma effects (γ) Neutron effects 100 REM — Mild blood effects 200 – 400 REM — GI tract effects 600 – 800 REM — CNS effects
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Irritant Toxidrome
Irritants/choking agentsCause irritation to skin, eyes, lungsWater soluble vs. non water solubleNon-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Corrosive Toxidrome
Destroy tissue, eyes, skin, lungs Water reactive Acid
Coagulum necrosis Alkali
Liquefaction necrosis Management — Decon, BLS, irrigate eyes
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Asphyxiant Toxidrome
AsphyxiantsAffect whole body
Simple — Displace oxygenChemical (pathological) — Interferes with the
body’s ability to use oxygen
Vesicants/blister agentsCause tissue destruction/blisters
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Cholinesterase Toxidrome
Organophosphates, carbamates and nerve agentsPrimarily nervous system effectsHighly toxicSLUDGEM
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Biological Toxidrome
Toxins Bacteria Virus
Unit 2.3 19
Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Care
Management — Recognition, decon, BLS, ALS support Antidotal therapy (FL protocols) Definitive treatment occurs in a medical
facility
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Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Sources of Information
Centers for Disease Control Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profiles Chemknowlege® Wireless information
W.I.S.E.R. Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders
Unit 2.3 21