Florian Amlinger -- Compost –Consulting & Development ...Composting --Austria Florian Amlinger...

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Austria

Florian AmlingerCompost – Consulting & Development, Austria

and Josef Barth ECN

Approaches and practice in decentralised composting Approaches and practice in decentralised composting --the Austrian modelthe Austrian model including agricultureincluding agriculture

BBC2

BBC2--Riga 2008

Riga 2008

Compost Compost -- Consulting & DevelopmentConsulting & DevelopmentDipl.Ing. Florian AmlingerDipl.Ing. Florian Amlinger

European Compost Network / ECN

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Austrian BackgroundAustrian Background

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posting Austria The Austrian Biowaste / The Austrian Biowaste / CompostCompost ProvisionsProvisions

� Roll-out of first pilot schemes 1986

� Ordinance on the Separate Collection of Organic Waste 1992

� Separate collection of organic waste �mandatory

� Compost Ordinance ….The 1st END of WASTE Regulation 2001

� Central Registration

� Quality requirements & Product certification & labelling

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� Quality requirements & Product certification & labelling

� State of the Art of Composting ... Technical Guideline 2005

� Environmental requirements for licensing and operation

� Good practice of composting

� Standard: Quality Assurance Systems for Compost Plants 2006

� Operational quality management for composting plants

� Requirements and procedures for Quality Assurance Organisations

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Development of Development of Separately CollectedSeparately Collected Biowaste in AustriaBiowaste in Austria

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

ton

nes

Biowaste Ordinanceenacted

Biowaste Ordinanceset into force

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0

100.000

200.000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

potentia

lto

nn

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enacted

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posting Austria The hierarchy of decentral biowaste managementThe hierarchy of decentral biowaste management

= the logical follow= the logical follow--up of the waste hierarchyup of the waste hierarchy

As much individualcomposting as possible (home composting)

PriorityPriority II

Separate collectiononly

complimentary

PriorityPriority IIIIFavouring

Agricultural Composting

PriorityPriority IIIIII

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Decentralised Composting Decentralised Composting in Austriain Austria8.7 mio inhabitants16,000 Inhabitants per composting plant

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539 composting plants Capacity 1.3 Mio t Average: 2,400 t

= Open Windrow Composting

> 90 % ~ 45 %

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Compost Organisations in AustriaCompost Organisations in Austria

� Industrial Composting Plants

300,000 t

16 plants

9 quality labels

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� Agricultural Composting Plants

300,000 t

280 Composting

84 Biogas pl.

~ 1,000 t/plant

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300

400

500Total Municipal and Organic WasteTotal Municipal and Organic Waste

418 kg/Inh*y

183 kg/Inh*y

Total: 1.5 Mio t organic waste

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0

100

200

MSW

67 kg/Inh*y

Biowaste

116 kg/Inh*y

Green Waste

Total Organic

kg/Inh*y

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The Decentralised SchemeThe Decentralised Scheme

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posting Austria PRECONDITION = USERPRECONDITION = USER--FRIENDLYFRIENDLY

collections system at householdcollections system at household

€ 0,25

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- 15 liter paper or bioplastic bag

- 12 - 46 liter bucket

- 110 liter paper bag for fine garden waste

€ 0,15

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Collection Collection of Biowasteof Biowaste

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Benefits of small receptacleBenefits of small receptacle

� Faster pick-up and cheaper transport

� Lower amount of waste to be managed (avoidsexcess deliveries of garden waste)

� Home composting is enhanced

Higher captures

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� Higher captures

� Possibility for more frequent collection of food waste

� Reduced frequency for collection of residual waste [grey dust bin]

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Collection of garden waste Collection of garden waste

� at Civic Amenity sites / recycling Centres

� at the doorstep� less frequent than food waste

� every 4 weeks

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every 4 weeks

� 2 – 4 collection campaigns at the kerbside for bulky garden waste [bush and tree cuttings]

� Shredder service (2 x/ year & on demand)

� 40 . 60 l Paper bags for fine garden waste (grass clippings / leaves)

�� higher participation in home composting programmes

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Collection of Collection of GARDEN WASTEGARDEN WASTEPerugia08

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€ 1,10

e.g. fore.g. fore.g. fore.g. forleavesleavesleavesleaves

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posting Austria BioBio--/Greenwaste is composted on farms /Greenwaste is composted on farms

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Example 1 Example 1 -- Full service by farmersFull service by farmers

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posting Austria EXAMPLE 1: Composting Plants in Lower Austria RegionEXAMPLE 1: Composting Plants in Lower Austria Region

1.5 Mio Inhabitants �� 625,000 households

81 Composting Plants �� 18,500 Inh/plant

�� 2,200 t Capacity /plant

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posting Austria How to define anHow to define an

Agricultural Composting Plant ?Agricultural Composting Plant ?

Limitation of organic waste treatment for an Agricultural Composting Plant

Agricultural land 20 ha

Max. kg N / ha 175

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Max. tons input 1,000

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posting Austria The important steps and key The important steps and key

elements of the conceptelements of the concept

� 1992: separate collection of organic waste

became mandatory!

� Establishment of 24 Recycling Centres with 40 different waste types. Today they are used by

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different waste types. Today they are used by 95% of the population.

� 1991 – 1995: Establishment of the Agricultural Composting system with 20 composting plants

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posting Austria Investments Investments ... ... €€

1991-2001 total per ton12 yrs

20 Plants 700,000.—= 35,000.- / plant

13.79

Mashinery 448,400.—= 22,400.- / plant

8.84

1,148,000.—

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Total 1,148,000.—= 67,400.- / plant

22.63

2005 total per ton10 yrs

Enlargement / packaging / screening

700,000.—= 35,000 / plant

8.75

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Organic Waste Mass [Mg]%

potentialkg/INH

PotentialKitchen Waste

Garden Waste fineGarden Waste bulky

433,500154,600108,200170,700

36 %25 %39 %

28910372114

Factual recycling & collection

Lower Austria:Lower Austria: Success FiguresSuccess FiguresPerugia08

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Factual recycling & collection

Home Composting 223,300 52 % 149

Biowaste collection 124,70043 % 122

Green waste bulky 59,000

Total 407,000 95 % 271

Compostables in grey bin 26,500 5 % 18

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Don‘t waste compost Don‘t waste compost -- SELL ITSELL IT --

Quality Bulky / m³ per 40 l bags

Kompost

25 mm 40 €/m³ ----

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25 mm 40 €/m³ ----

15 mm 50 €/m³ 4.50 €

Compost blend 50 €/m³ 5 €

Turf soil 40 €/m³ ----

82 % customers favour a regional product

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The rural employment argumentThe rural employment argument

� Creation of an new income for farmers

� Strengthening employment and social stability in a rural district

Total biowaste (03) 7.832 t

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Total biowaste (03) 7.832 t

kg/Inhabitant * yr 122 kg

650 t biowaste or 2000 households

create 1 full working place= 12 working places in total

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Example 2 Example 2 -- Farmers coFarmers co--operate operate with waste managementwith waste management

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1 %

33 %

33 %

33 %

EXAMPLE 2: Model City of GrazEXAMPLE 2: Model City of GrazA A publicpublic –– privateprivate –– farmfarm partnershippartnership

City's waste management company

Private local waste collection companies

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51 % 49 %

33 %

EBG

Contract with farmers

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Map of Compost FarmersMap of Compost FarmersPerugia08

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posting Austria The Graz Model Step 1: Collection & PreThe Graz Model Step 1: Collection & Pre--TreatmentTreatment

Mixing &

PreparingGreen Waste

Collection

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Mixing & Homogenisation

Ready for Transport

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posting Austria The Graz Model Step 2: Delivery & CompostingThe Graz Model Step 2: Delivery & Composting

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The Graz ModelThe Graz Model ... the CONTRACT... the CONTRACT

� Pre-Treatment

o Screening, metals & wind separation, mixing

� Sampling and analyses

“Servus Abfall”“Servus Abfall” “Farmer”“Farmer”

� 36 €/ton + contracted quantity

� Limitation of other materials

� Responsibility for the process

� Records according to “Compost Ordinance”

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� Sampling and analyses

� Take back of impurities

� Take back of low quality compost (< Class ‘A’)

Ordinance”

� 4 external inspections by QualityAssuranceScheme

� Take over only of “Quality Compost” [= Class ‘A’]

Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

� Decentralised / Agricultural Composting

�Leads to short distances �� proximity principle

�Creates transparency, identification, rural income

�Guarantees recycling to agriculture.

�Keeps the system environmentally sound and cheap�Keeps the system environmentally sound and cheap

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