Flora and Fauna of the Great Lakes Region:
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ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Flora and Fauna of the Great Lakes
Region:
A Multimedia Digital Collection
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ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Collaborators
• University Library -– Major investment in digital library content,
infrastructure and architecture
• Museum of Zoology and Herbarium– Strong collections; increasing pressure to
serve a wider audience especially via the Web
• Exhibits Museum of Natural History
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Project Goals
• To develop increased access to the Great Lakes region portions of the Museums collections
• To develop an extensible infrastructure for putting natural history collections online
• To explore, prototype and test tools for using the online resources for a variety of scholarly and educational purposes
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Museum Goals
• Additional support for digitizing collections
• Opening their collections to new audiences
• Opportunity to explore partnership with the Library– Support for maintenance and long-term
access to their data
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
(screen shot)
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
(screen shot)
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Library Goals
• Extend digital library support from the humanities to the natural sciences
• Test the ability of the existing architecture to support new subjects and methods of inquiry
• Extend digital library architecture to include cross-class searching - text, image, collection database records
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Digital Library Holdings at the University of Michigan
Holdings as of March 2001– Full electronic text
31,558– Pages/images 6,684,342– Bibliographic Records 57,081,109– Words
2,536,312,477– Bytes 190,629,303,672
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Digital Library Architecture at the University of Michigan
• Image class– Federation of diverse collection databases– Support for image retrieval
• Text class
• Other classes such as bibliographic data and archival finding aids
• Retrieval software available for licensing
• Middleware is Open Source (DLXS)
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
New Challenge - Cross-Class Searching
• To facilitate searching across text, image, and collection database records
• To return results to users in ways that will be useful to them, rather than simply reflecting the characteristics of the underlying systems
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
New Content
• Supplementing the museum collection databases with:– Field notes
• Surrogate records and page images
– Images • New photography and digitization of
existing slides and negatives– Major monographs
• Full text searching
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
New Audiences
• Non-specialist users– Lifelong learners– Undergraduate students– K-12 users
• Specialist users working in areas such as biodiversity research - working outside the confines of a single discipline
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Metadata Challenges
• Federate data from multiple existing databases
• Augment data to serve new audience and uses
• Create metadata for new materials
• Provide basis for coherent shared displays of search results
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Collections Databases—Federation
Fish Catalog
MammalsDatabases
Fungus Catalog
Field Notes(New Content)
Digital Library Metadata
ImageMetadata
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Mammals Example
Primary IDLastModCatalogAlcohol
SkeletonClear Stain
GenusSpecies
SubspeciesField[#]
DeterminerCataloger
Type StatusSize
Remarks
Location IDLOCAcronym
LOCDATELatitude DLatitude M Latitude S
Longitude DLongitude MLongitude SLatitude NS
Longitude EWMap DataMap CodeLocField
OceanContCountryState CountyGear
CollectorsLocTimeDrainage
Temp.Depth
LocalityLocRemarks
(incl. OrigField #)
UMMZ Zoology Database Fields
Table 1 Table 2
Museum no.
Sex
Skin
Skull
Skeleton
Fluid
Baculum
Glans
Karyotype
Field no.
Day
Month
Year
Country
Locality
Collector LN
Initials
2nd collector
Initials
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Subspecies
Batch no.
Comments
# individuals
State
County
Rodents database fields
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Augmenting Existing Content
• Common Names
• Geospatial Referencing
• Dates
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Collections Databases—Federation
Fish Catalog
MammalsDatabases
Fungus Catalog
Field Notes(New Content)
Digital Library Metadata
ImageMetadata
Species Name Lookups
GeospatialLookups
ISO Date
Lookups
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Collections Databases—Augmentation
Fish Catalog
MammalsDatabases
Fungus Catalog
Digital Library Metadata
Species Name Lookups
GeospatialLookups
ISO Date
Lookups
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
New Databases
• Field Notes
• Image Metadata
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Field Notes Structure—Collection Event
Collection Event
Species Account
Field Catalog
(projected)
CollectorData
Species Table Volume
Data
Page ImageTable
Location Data
JoinFile
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Field Notes Structure—Species Account
Collection Event
Species Account
Field Catalog
(projected)
CollectorData
Species Table Volume
Data
Page ImageTable
Location Data
JoinFile
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
New Processes
• Matching field content to authoritative forms for lookup construction (A miracle happens here)
• Lookup export to originating databases (if time and funds permit)
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Mapping Image Collections into the Image Services Metadata Structure
(what do art and fungi have in common?)
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Dual Model of Image Representation
VRA Representation Model
• Work=physical entity that exists, has existed at some time in the past, or that could exist in the future (fish, field notes page, painting, etc)
• Image=a visual representation of a work
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Work/Image Relationships
• One work may have multiple image representations (picture of whole frog, frog parts, x-rays, etc.)
• Images may have sequential derivations (photo is digitized, digital file has thumbnail, etc.)
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Separating Work Data from Image Data
Frog=Work
Photo of Frog=Image
Digitized Photo of Frog(derived image)
Frog=Work PhotographerPhotograph Date
CollectorCollection Date
DigitizerDigitization
Date
Data is inherited
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Why?
• Work only needs to be described once
• Image history is documented
• Each image is associated with data (like creation dates) that are specific to its existence
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Storing data in the Digital Library
• Image database relates work and image metadata
• Metadata exported as records with 1:1 correspondence with image file names
• Digital Library stores metadata and image files using standard image class model core categories
• User search calls up metadata and linked images
ASC Annual MeetingJune 9, 2001 University of Michigan - University Library
Desired result
• Users can search across classes and collections using core fields (species, common name, location, date) or keywords
• Users can search within collections using fields chosen from originating database
• Displays can be customized to show common or custom field labels.