FlFlowow anand td thehe QQuaualliitty y of of LiLiffe e · 2014. 3. 30. · • Beyond Boredom and...

Flow and the Quality of Life Flow and the Quality of Life Flow and the Quality of Life IPPA Workshop IPPA Workshop IPPA Workshop APRIL 2010 APRIL 2010 APRIL 2010

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, PhD Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, PhD Quality of Life Research Center Quality of Life Research Center Claremont Graduate University Claremont Graduate University

Claremont, CA Claremont, CA

COPYRIGHT © 2006 BY MIHALY CSIKSZENTMIHALYI. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOW DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE

WHEN WRITING POETRY WHEN WRITING POETRY

“You're right in the work, you lose your sense of time,

you're completely enraptured, you're

completely caught up in what you're doing…. there's no future or past, it's just an

extended present in which you're making meaning…”

Poet Mark Strand, 1991 1

“To go into a dark room and look through the microscope and see these glowing objects which may be moving around or may be stationary, and in different colors – it's a video game, if you will. It's just beautiful…I can sit in front of a microscope for three or four hours at a time, just looking at the material and analyzing it….I can be very disconcerting to other people in the degree to which I can concentrate on something and not pay too much attention to what's going on around me.”

DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE WHEN DOING RESEARCH WHEN DOING RESEARCH

Cell biologist Joseph G. Gall (1991)

2

DIMENSIONS OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE DIMENSIONS OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE

– Attention is focused on a limited stimulus field. There is full concentration, complete involvement.

3

“Concentration is like breathing: you never think of it. The roof could fall in and, if it

missed you, you would be unaware of

it.”

Chess player (Csikszentmihalyi,

1975)


4



– Action and awareness merge

5

“You’re so involved in what you’re doing, you aren’t

thinking about yourself as separate from the

immediate activity. You’re no longer a participant

observer, only a participant. You’re moving in harmony with something

else you’re part of.”

Rock climber (Csikszentmihalyi,

1975)


6



– Action and awareness merge.

– There is freedom from worry about failure.

7

“You feel like…there’s nothing that will be

able to stop you or get in your way. And

you’re ready to tackle anything, and you don’t

fear any possibility happening, and it’s just

exhilarating.”

Cyclist (Jackson & Csikszentmihalyi, 1999)


8





– Selfconsciousness disappears.

9

“You are not aware of the body except your

hands….not aware of self or personal problems….If

involved, you are not aware of aching feet, not aware of

self.”

Surgeon (Csikszentmihalyi,

1975)


10






– The sense of time becomes distorted.

11

“Two things happen…. After it’s passed, [time] seems to have passed really fast. I see that

it’s one o’clock in the morning and I say, ‘Ahha,

just a few minutes ago it was eight o’clock.’ But then while

I’m dancing…it seems like it’s been much longer than it

really was.”

Social dancer (Csikszentmihalyi,

1975)


12







– The experience become its own reward autotelic.

13

“Do it for the satisfaction it gives….This is what I tell my students. Don’t expect to make money, don’t expect fame or a pat on the back, don’t expect a damn thing.

Do it because you love it.”

Composer (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975)


14

TO SUMMARIZE: TO SUMMARIZE: DIMENSIONS OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE DIMENSIONS OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE






– The experience become its own reward autotelic.

…WHAT CONDITIONS FOSTER FLOW?

15

CONDITIONS OF THE FLOW CONDITIONS OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE

1. There are clear goals every step of the way.

16

“It’s selfcatalyzing…the moves create each

other. The move you’re planning to do is also the genesis of

the move you’re going to do after you’ve done that

one…”

Rock climber (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975)

17



2. There is immediate feedback to one's action.

18

“My reward is hearing what I’ve done, and unlike most composers, I can hear it immediately. That’s why I keep these expensive gentlemen with me.”

Duke Ellington 19



2. There is immediate feedback to one's action.

3. There is a balance between challenges and skills.

20

HIGH Cha

lleng

es

Skills

FLOW

BOREDOM

ANXIETY

HIGH

21

HIGH

L o w

Cha

lleng

es

Skills H I g h

A B

C

D E FLOW

BOREDOM

ANXIETY

High

22

Arousal

Flow

Control

Relaxation Boredom

Apathy

Worry

Anxiety

SKILLS high low

high

CHALLENGES

23

HIGH

LOW

Cha

lleng

es

Skills HIGH

New Tasks, Learning Work Stress,

Sudden Threats

Favorite activity, Hobby, Work, Love

Life

Driving, Work

Family Problems, Work Hassles

Loneliness, TV Viewing

Work, Household Chores

Eating, Reading,

Conversation

24

Some Physiological Correlates of Flow Some Physiological Correlates of Flow While playing the Piano While playing the Piano

• Zygomatic Major Muscle activity (Smiling)

• Respiratory Depth • Heart Period (negative) • Blood Pressure (negative)

From: De Marzano, Theorell, Harmat, & Ullen (In Press) The Psychophysiology of Flow, Emotion.

26

College

1.5

1

0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Concentration Control Happiness Involvement Wish doing the activity Goals

Opt.exp. (N=19) Apathy (N=15)

Optimal experience and apathy during work and study

From A. Delle Fave, & F. Massimini. European Psychologist 2005 27

High School Italy

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

1.2





High School Nepal

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6





Disablement

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1





Books by Dr. Books by Dr. Csikszentmihalyi Csikszentmihalyi • Psychological Studies of Flow

Consciousness

• Good Business: Leadership Flow and the Making of Meaning

• Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Work and Play

• Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience

• Creativity

• Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness

• Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life

• The Evolving Self: A Psychology for the Third Millennium

FlFlowow anand td thehe QQuaualliitty y of of LiLiffe e · 2014. 3. 30. · • Beyond Boredom and...

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