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Transcript of FLFCV July 2015
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Curriculum Vitae:
Dr. Francis L. Fluharty
Date: July 6, 2015
ADDRESS
HOME: 27386 Wheaton PL. BUSINESS: Dept. of Animal Sciences
Olmsted Twp., OH 44138 The Ohio State University
Ohio Agr'l. Res. & Dev. Ctr.
1680 Madison Ave.
Wooster, OH 44691
TELEPHONE: (330) 466-0670 TELEPHONE: (330) 263-3904
FAX (330) 263-3949
E-mail [email protected]
EDUCATION
Doctor of Philosophy – Ruminant Nutrition,
1993
The Ohio State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Columbus, Ohio
Dissertation: "Factors affecting ruminal function and performance of newly arrived feedlot calves."
Master of Science - Animal Nutrition
1987
The Ohio State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Columbus, Ohio
Thesis: “Effects of chemical treatment of ground corn to limit rumen starch degradation on in vitro
dry matter disappearance, nutrient digestion and feedlot steer performance."
Bachelor of Science – Animal Sciences
1982
The Ohio State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Columbus, Ohio
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
Research Professor October 2011 to Present
Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
I coordinate Extension educational and research activities with the beef industry, and conduct
applied nutrition research with beef cattle and as the experimental models. I am the faculty
supervisor for Ohio State University’s beef feedlot and sheep flock and feedlot at The Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, Ohio. I publish in refereed journals and
industry reports as well as giving talks, seminars and lectures. My main research focus areas identify
and define nutritional factors affecting animal growth and carcass characteristics in beef cattle and
sheep, as well as nutritional and management technologies to reduce internal parasites, primarily
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Haemonchous contortis in sheep. In addition to this nutrition research, I lead a team of researchers
that investigate the use of grass-based management by beef and sheep producers, and landscape-
level resilience and risk associated with the diversity and scale of Midwest U.S. integrated livestock-
crop production systems under increasing climate variability. I develop new methodologies to
investigate these areas of science and write proposals to funding agencies for support of my research.
I supervise research support personnel, conduct on -site training for support personnel, and train and
advise graduate students and undergraduate students in research techniques, experimental design and
data analysis. I obtain funds and facilitate multidisciplinary research important to the beef and sheep
industries. The program areas consist of, but are not limited to, improving the profitability of Ohio
farms by minimizing costs and/or increasing performance per animal, enhancing marketing
opportunities for beef and beef products, and investigating ways to improve the economic and
environmental sustainability of beef and sheep operations. Educational audiences may include beef
producers, industry personnel, community leaders, elected officials, and Extension educators. I
coordinate a team of University personnel who work in Extension and research with beef cattle, and
integrate these individuals with beef industry professionals working in the production, processing,
and marketing sectors. I team teach courses in Beef Production, Branded Meat Products, and
Research Techniques.
Research Associate Professor 2007 to 2011
Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
I coordinated Extension educational and research activities with the beef industry, and conducted
applied nutrition research with beef cattle as the experimental model. I published in refereed journals
and industry reports as well as giving talks, seminars and lectures. My main research focus was to
identify and define nutritional factors affecting animal growth and carcass characteristics. I
developed new methodologies to investigate this area of science and write proposals to funding
agencies for support of my research. I supervised research support personnel, conducted on -site
training for support personnel, and trained and advised graduate students in research techniques,
experimental design and data analysis. I also served as the Coordinator of the Ohio Beef Industry
Center to coordinate research and educational activities affecting the Ohio beef industry. In this
capacity, I obtained funds and facilitated multidisciplinary research important to the industry. The
program areas consisted of, but were not limited to, improving the profitability of Ohio farms by
minimizing costs and/or increasing performance per animal, enhancing marketing opportunities for
beef and beef products, and investigating ways to improve the economic and environmental
sustainability of beef operations. Educational audiences included beef producers, industry personnel,
and extension agents. I coordinated a team of University personnel who work in extension and
research with beef cattle, and integrated these individuals with beef industry professionals working
in the production, processing, and marketing sectors.
Coordinator, Ohio Beef Industry Center, 1999 to Present
Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
Since 1999, I have served as Coordinator of the Ohio Beef Industry Center, which functions to
conduct Extension outreach education to the beef industry; coordinates research and Extension
educational activities affecting the Ohio beef industry; and obtains funds and facilitates
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multidisciplinary research important to the beef industry. Program areas consist of, but are not
limited to, improving profitability of Ohio farms developing value-added marketing opportunities for
Ohio’s beef industry; educational audiences may include beef producers, allied industry personnel,
and University extension agents. The duties entail coordinating educational and research activities
with the beef industry; conducting applied nutrition with beef cattle; publishing findings in journals
and reports as well as for talks, seminars and lectures; supervising research support personnel;
conducting on-site training for support personnel; training and advising graduate students in research
techniques, experimental design and data analysis. To date, I been instrumental in receiving in
excess of $6 million in government and industry grants in support of these programs, have developed
strong relationships within the meat processing and packaging industries, have worked to help
establish a value-added product line of Ohio produced beef products, and have reached out to the
pork and meat goat industries to assist in the development of specialty foods in these areas. In
conjunction with the Ohio Cattlemen’s Association, I developed the Ohio Professional Beef
Producer program, which recognized those individuals who have attained a minimum of twenty-four
hours of in-depth instruction in the areas of either cow-calf or feedlot management.
Research Scientist, and Adjunct Assistant Professor 1993 to 2007
Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
I conducted studies to evaluate the effects of energy and protein intake on animal growth, fat
deposition and carcass composition; genetic factors affecting meat characteristics; and the nutritional
requirements of stressed ruminants. In addition to my research, I developed and taught two
undergraduate courses at The Ohio State University. From 1997 through 2000, I taught a
comprehensive course on feedlot management. In 2001, I developed, and taught, a comprehensive
course on beef production that incorporated principles of physiology, nutrition, health, reproduction,
genetics, beef quality assurance, meat science, grain processing, forage quality, waste management,
and economics into a senior-level course. I co-instructed a course in Branded Food Products that
examined the strengths and weaknesses of different marketing and branding strategies, evaluated
differences in business structures from the standpoint of product liability, and examined the
underlying causes for consumer’s preferences and choices regarding food products.
Beef Feedlot Manager 1982 to 1993
Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
From December, 1982 until September, 1993, I worked as the manager of the OARDC/OSU beef
feedlot facility in Wooster, Ohio. The facility is a total confinement, slatted floor facility that utilizes
manure pits for waste management. I was responsible for supervising two full-time employees
assigned to the feedlot facility, and over 20 maintenance and field staff when they were working at
the facility. I was responsible for: harvesting and storage of corn silage and high-moisture corn,
setting and overseeing standard operating procedures regarding animal health, day-to-day feedlot
operations including bunk management and timing of cattle feeding and weighing operations, timing
and overseeing manure pumping operations, feed inventory control, facility maintenance, budgetary
adherence, marketing of fed cattle, and collection of carcass data. I was also responsible for training
and working with over 20 graduate students during this time period. Additionally, I served as a
Practicum Instructor for over 30 students of The Ohio State University’s Agricultural Technical
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Institute (ATI) from 1982 to 1992. The ATI Practicum students each spent thirty hours at the
OARDC beef feedlot to learn the fundamentals of feedlot operations and cattle handling procedures.
Licensed Property and Casualty Insurance Agent 1987 to 1988 Nationwide Insurance
From 1987 to 1988, I worked as a licensed property and casualty associate agent for Nationwide
Insurance. I was responsible for the development and maintenance of a client base. I was responsible
for conducting phone solicitations as well as in-person sales.
Working Partner 1976 to 1982 Fluharty Farms, Smithfield, Ohio
From 1976 until December of 1982, I was actively involved in a 225 head commercial cow-calf
operation in Jefferson, Harrison, and Carroll Counties, Ohio. I was responsible for the breeding
program with the cow-herd, doing most of the heat checking and artificial insemination. I was
involved actively in the planting and harvesting of 400 acres of commercial no-till corn production,
as well as over 1000 acres of hay production. I also assisted with the stocker operation, which
annually grazed between 400 and 700 animals.
Major Accomplishments Integrating Extension and Research Programs:
Business Development of a Branded Food Product Line:
From 2001 until 2005, I served as the Program Director for a branded beef program, Ohio Signature
Beef. I directed the market research, and was instrumental in the development of the production
and carcass specifications necessary to support a high-quality, branded meat product line designed to
be sold in specialty markets and high-end grocery stores. Ohio Signature Beef prohibits the use of
any injected antibiotics or hormone implants, as well as any feed-grade antibiotics. The Ohio
Signature Beef program was designated as Schedule G55 by the Agricultural Marketing Service, a
division of the United States Department of Agriculture. In order for carcasses to comply with the
following criteria:
This specification is for certification by an AMS agent of U.S. Prime and Choice steer and heifer
carcasses which: a) show no evidence in the ribeye muscle of internal hemorrhages, b) are free of
“dark cutting” characteristics, and c) meet the following set of requirements:
1) Marbling score of Small 50 or higher;
2) Lean color, texture, firmness, and overall skeletal characteristics, each of which must meet the
requirements for A maturity in the U.S. Choice or Prime grade;
3) Medium or fine marbling texture;
4) Moderately thick or thicker muscling and tend to be moderately wide and thick in relation to
their length;
5) No hump exceeding 2 inches in height;
6) Hot carcass weight of 600 to 950 pounds
Ohio Signature Beef is a source and process verified program that requires beef producers to
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legally verify that they have used no animal proteins or prohibited products during the production
process. Cattle are marketed on a value-based grid that pays a premium over the average price of a
USDA Choice, Yield Grade 3 carcass during the particular week of harvest. The cattle are
individually identified, and the wholesale meat cuts are tracked to the store level, at which time the
stores become responsible for tracking the product. The Ohio Signature Beef program is marketed
through Whole Foods Market. To view the web site, go to:
http://www.ohiosignaturebeef.com/index.php.
Beef Producer Continuing Education:
Feedlot Management Short Course:
I developed an in-depth course on feedlot management that provides 24 hours of in-class instruction.
Topics addressed include ruminant anatomy and physiology; carbohydrate digestion; protein
digestion; vitamin and mineral nutrition of the cow-herd; weaning management strategies; feeder
calf grading and marketing; causes and prevention of metabolic disorders; USDA Quality and Yield
Grade determination; grid marketing and economic decision making; economic factors affecting
profitability; calculating expected feed intake and weight gain using prediction equations;
interactions of genetics, health, and nutrition on animal growth; and Beef Quality Assurance. Since
its inception, 505 people have taken this series of courses on-site, as well as over 150 people on
remote sites in 2013 and 2015, combined.
2015 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 48 beef producers in Greenville, Ohio
2013 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 75 beef producers in Bucyrus, Ohio
2009 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 24 beef producers in New Lexington,
Ohio
2007 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 35 beef producers in Pomeroy, Ohio
2006 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 44 beef producers in Mt. Vernon,
Ohio
2005 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 40 beef producers in Sidney, Ohio
2004 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 42 beef producers in Marietta, Ohio
2003 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 95 beef producers in Lancaster, Ohio
2002 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 74 beef producers in Ashland, Ohio
2001 Taught entire Feedlot Management short course to 28 beef producers in Bowling Green,
Ohio
Cow-Calf Management Short Course:
I co-developed an in-depth course on management of the commercial cow-calf herd that is designed
to include 24 hours of in-class instruction. Topics addressed include ruminant anatomy and
physiology; carbohydrate digestion; protein digestion; vitamin and mineral nutrition of the cow-
herd; weaning management strategies; feeder calf grading and marketing; causes and prevention of
parasitic and nutritionally related disorders; USDA Quality and Yield Grade determination;
economic factors affecting profitability; calculating expected feed intake and weight gain using
prediction equations; interactions of genetics, health, and nutrition on animal growth; use of
expected progeny differences (EPD’s) to make genetic decisions; stages of production of the cow
herd; reproductive management and estrous synchronization strategies; and Beef Quality Assurance.
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2005 Taught entire Cow-Calf Management short course to 115 beef producers in Ripley,
W.VA.
2004 Taught Cow-Calf Management short course to 112 beef producers in Hillsboro, Ohio
2004 Taught Cow-Calf Management short course to 110 beef producers in Lancaster, Ohio
Joint Programming with the Ohio Cattlemen’s Association:
Ohio Heifer Development Program:
The goal of the Ohio Heifer Development Program was to establish on-farm heifer development
sites that served as both educational centers and provided marketing opportunities for Ohio’s beef
producers. The program was modeled after successful heifer development programs in Kentucky and
Missouri. The basic model established locations where herds could send heifer calves to be
developed from approximately one year of age until they were confirmed as having been bred. The
cooperators followed a set of criteria established by the OSU Animal Science Department and OSU
Extension Beef Team for optimum heifer development. Management techniques including proper
nutrition, heat synchronization, calving ease genetics, and modern identification systems were
emphasized. After females are confirmed bred, they were returned to the consignor’s herd as
replacement females or offered for sale to the public as replacement females for other herds.
Ohio Professional Beef Producer Program:
The Ohio Professional Beef Producer (OPBP) Program was established to recognize Ohio's beef
producers who have attended at least 24 hours of educational programming through Extension or
beef industry educational events. One of the main objectives of the OPBP program is to provide for
consistency of information to our beef producers while offering advanced educational opportunities
and, hopefully, getting Ohio's producers some recognition for their professionalism, and the quality
of the cattle they produce in order to enhance marketing opportunities. Over the past 8 years, over
800 cattle producers have attended Cow-Calf and Feedlot management schools sponsored jointly by
The Ohio State University and the Ohio Cattlemen’s Association. These management schools have
been taught throughout Ohio, and require participants to attend 24 hours of in-class
instruction. Additional educational opportunities include the intensive Beef 509 short course, Ohio
Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) Program, and the Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program
(LEAP). These educational programs form the framework for the OPBP program. In order to
qualify as an educational program that meets the requirements for the Ohio Professional Beef
Producer Program, there are minimum subject matter criteria. A feedlot school must include
ruminant anatomy, nutrition, management, animal health, disease prevention, carcass evaluation, and
understanding grid marketing. A cow-calf school must include ruminant nutrition, grazing
management, genetics, reproduction, animal health, and disease prevention.
Since its inception in 2007, over 900 individuals have been recognized as having completed the 24
hours of educational programming necessary to earn the Ohio Professional Beef Producer (OPBP)
status. Individuals who complete the requirements of the OPBP program receive a certificate and a
farm sign designating their status as Ohio Professional Beef Producers.
Managing Dynamic Change in the Beef Industry Programming: 2009-2010
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The Managing Dynamic Change in the Beef Industry was a four-week advanced beef school for
cattlemen who wanted to gain an understanding of the changes occurring in the beef industry as well
as learn some strategies for coping with these changes. The schools were held at two different
locations during the month of February in 2009 and 2010 in Highland and Athens Counties.
Nationally and regionally recognized speakers were secured to talk about the beef industry outlook,
the big picture industry perspective and external factors impacting the beef industry, global markets,
alternative marketing strategies, and risk management.
Programming with the Small Farm Institute:
Online Grass Fed Notebook I co-authored a 38 page segment of a ‘Grass Fed Notebook’, posted on the Small Farm Institute’s
web site: http://smallfarminstitute.wordpress.com/grass-fed-beef-notebook/, titled: Grass Finishing
Beef: Nutrition, Growth, Carcass Characteristics, Grading, and Palatability. I authored 74% of this
material, with Dr. Henry Zerby authoring the other 26%. The manual presents material from
refereed publications that should be useful to the grass-fed segment of the beef industry, as it is
scientifically validated. This comprehensive manual covers ruminant nutrition and the impact of
volatile fatty acid production by rumen microorganisms relative to their contribution to adipose and
muscle accretion, including sites of deposition. It also discusses carcass grading as it relates to diet
and management, and the changing consumer demand for beef products from animals reared in
forage based systems. This material is available online in both English and Spanish.
TEACHING EXPERIENCE (0% Teaching Appointment)
The following courses were taught in The Department of Animal Sciences, Columbus, Ohio:
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COURSE COURSE CREDIT NO. OF QUARTERS
NUMBER TITLE HOURS SECTIONS OFFERED ENROLLMENT
AS4002 Beef Production 03 1 Spring 2015 42
AS3700 Research Methods 02 1 Spring 2015 22
AS4002 Beef Production 03 1 Spring 2014 41
AS3700 Research Methods 02 1 Spring 2014 18
AS4002 Beef Production 03 1 Spring 2013 44
AS3700 Research Methods 02 1 Spring 2013 22
AS5810 Branded Meat Prod. 02 1 Spring 2013 12
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2012 36
AS600 Capstone Course 05 2 Spring 2011 86
AS555.03 Branded Meat Prod. 05 1 Spring 2011 28
AS600 Capstone Course 05 1 Spring 2010 53
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2011 32
AS600 Capstone Course 05 1 Winter 2010 30
AS600 Capstone Course 05 1 Fall 2009 45
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2009 25
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2008 25
AS555.03 Branded Meat Prod. 05 1 Spring 2007 28
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2007 24
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2006 25
AS555.03 Branded Meat Prod. 05 1 Spring 2005 32
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2005 20
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2004 32
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2003 20
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2002 23
AS542 Beef Production 05 1 Spring 2001 28
AS 540 Feedlot Mgmt. 03 1 Spring 2000 18
AS 540 Feedlot Mgmt. 03 1 Spring 1999 12
AS 540 Feedlot Mgmt. 03 1 Spring 1997 21
The following course was taught at The Agricultural Technical Institute, Wooster, Ohio:
COURSE COURSE CREDIT NO. OF QUARTERS
NUMBER TITLE HOURS SECTIONS OFFERED
ENROLLMENT
T224.01 Ruminant Nutrition 03 1 Winter 1993 24
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Unpaid Consultation
From February 2002 to August 2005, I worked as an unpaid advisor to Farmers’ Ethanol LLC. I
have been integral in the development of the ‘triple-bottom line’ concept. I have contributed to the
integration of the business plan to incorporate the social, political, and environmental philosophies
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developed by the managing partners and the steering committee. I have been closely involved in the
development of the integration model between the beef, dairy, ethanol, and feed processing entities,
and I developed the concept of the contract grower continuing education program, which is based off
of the Beef 509 program conducted through the Ohio Cattlemen’s Association, and the Feedlot and
Cow-Calf educational programs that I have developed for beef producers.
SCIENTIFIC, ACADEMIC, AND INDUSTRY HONORS AND AWARDS
Gamma Sigma Delta Extension Award of Merit, The Ohio State University, 2015
Diplomate of the American College of Animal Sciences: Animal Nutrition Discipline, by the
American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists, 2014
Friend of the Ohio Sheep Industry Award, The Ohio Sheep Improvement Association and the Ohio
Sheep and Wool Board, 2013
Graduate of the 2006 Inaugural Class of LEAD21, Leadership Development for the 21st. Century
conducted for Land Grant Institutions and USDA by the Fanning Institute at the University of
Georgia
Epsilon Sigma Phi Team Teaching Award, Second Place, for 2005 Cow-Calf Management and
Technology Schools, National Honorary Extension Fraternity, 2005
Innovator of the Year Award, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 2005
Development and Implementation of the Ohio Family Farm Beef Industry Network
Beef Industry Service Award, The Ohio Cattlemen’s Association, 2003
L. E. Kunkle Outstanding Graduate Student Award, The Ohio State University Department of
Animal Sciences, 1993
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES AND AFFILIATIONS
Ohio Sheep Improvement Association 2011 - present
National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, 1999 – present
Ohio Cattlemen’s Association, 1999 – present
American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists, 1995 - 2003
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, 1995 - present
Gamma Sigma Delta, Honor Society of Agriculture, 1990 - present
American Society of Animal Science, 1988 – present
NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY COMMITTEES
American Jersey Cattle Association’s Research Advisory Committee, 2009 - Present
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National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Research and Knowledge Management Group, 2002- 2012
National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Adipogenesis Research Planning Group, 2006 - 2007
National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Ethanol Co-Products Implications Working Group, 2006 -
2007
Editorial Board, American Society of Animal Sciences, Journal of Animal Sciences, 2001 – 2003
Quality Assurance Subcommittee of Beef Safety Committee, Joint National Cattlemen’s Beef
Association and Cattlemen’s Beef Board, 2001- 2002
OHIO BEEF INDUSTRY ADVISORY COMMITTEES
Ohio Cattlemen’s Association Board of Directors, 2008 – 2013
Ohio Professional Beef Producer Co-Chair, 2006 - 2013
Ohio Heifer Development Program Co-Chair, 2006 - 2009
Ohio Livestock Industry Task Force, 2004
Ohio Beef Quality Assurance Program Development Team Member, 2001
Ohio Bull Test Committee, Nutritionist, 1998 -2006
Ohio Cattleman's Association Strategic Planning Task Force, 1994
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COMMITTEES
College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences: Faculty Misconduct Investigative
Committee, 2014
Department of Animal Science Chair’s Advisory Committee, 2013 – Present
College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences: Agricultural Technical Institute Re-
Envisioning Committee, 2013-Present
College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences: Animal Facilities Redevelopment
Committee, 2013-Present
RESEARCH and EXTENSION FUNDING HISTORY, GRANTS AND GIFTS RECEIVED:
2014 Effects of Weaning Age and Mineral Supplementation on the Behavior, Growth, and Health
Status of Lambs Grazing Forage. Principal Investigator. Co-investigator: Dr. Monique
Pairis-Garcia. Ohio Sheep and Wool Board. $4,752 Grant.
Preferences & Complaints Associated With American Lamb Quality In Retail &
Foodservice Markets. American Lamb Board. Co-PI with Dr. Henry N. Zerby and Dr.
Steven J. Moeller from OSU and the Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of
Animal Sciences, Colorado State University. $73,000 Grant.
Evaluation of Jersey Crossbreeding Opportunities for a New, High-value Beef Market
Product for Domestic and Export Markets. OARDC SEEDS Matching Grant Competition
$50.000 Grant. Co-PI with Dr. Henry Zerby.
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Evaluation of Jersey Crossbreeding Opportunities for a New, High-value Beef Market
Product for Domestic and Export Markets. American Jersey Cattle Association and
American All-Jersey Foundations. $102,000 Grant. Co-PI with Dr. Henry Zerby.
2013 Evaluation of Hay Bale Processing Technology to Improve the Nutritional Status and Body
Condition of Beef Cows in Late Gestation and Early Lactation and Lessen the Need for
Supplemental Energy Feeds. OARDC SEEDS Small Industry Grant. $6,000 Grant. Principal
Investigator
2010 Integration of Small Ruminants into Organic Cropping Systems: Impacts on Crop
Production, Weed Control, Soil Profiles, and Animal Performance. OARDC SEEDS
Interdisciplinary Team Competition. $95,521 Grant. Principal Investigator
2009 Assessing Production, Economics, Marketing, Producer and Processor Perceptions, and
Characteristics of Meat. USDA, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative. $397,492 Grant.
Principal Investigator. Co-Investigators: F. Fluharty, S. C. Loerch, and H. N. Zerby
2008 Creation of Educational Program and Marketing Support to Allow Beef Producers to Better
Manage the Dynamic Changes in the Beef Industry. $43,500 Grant. Co-Investigator and
Program Manager with Elizabeth Harsh, Executive Director of the Ohio Cattlemen’s
Association, and John Grimes, Highland County Extension Educator
2007 Creation of a Grass-Based Beef Research, Processing, and Marketing Initiative for the High-
Value, Health Conscious Consumer Market Segment. OARDC Competitive Grants
Program: SEEDS Matching Grants Competition. $39,376 Grant. Co-Investigator, F. L.
Fluharty, H. N. Zerby, and P. Kuber
2006 Creation of an Ohio Master Cattleman Program and On-Farm Heifer Development.
Southern Ohio Agricultural and Community Development Foundation: Economic
Development Program. In Conjunction with, and administered by, the Ohio Cattlemen’s
Foundation. $91,800 Grant. Co-Author and Program Manager with Elizabeth Harsh,
Executive Director of the Ohio Cattlemen’s Association, and John Grimes, Highland
County Extension Educator
Effects of low dietary vitamin A on animal health and quality and nutritional Characteristics
of beef. OARDC Competitive Grants Program: Interdisciplinary Team SEEDS Competition.
$100,000 Grant. Co-Investigator. S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty, S. J. Schwartz, C. K.
Reynolds, and L. J. Saif
2005 Development of pre-harvest nutritional management strategies to reduce E. coli O157:H7
and Salmonella spp. Gastrointestinal survival and shedding. National Cattlemen’s Beef
Association. $84,346 Grant. Co-Investigator, H. N. Zerby, P. Kuber, F. L. Fluharty
2004 Liposome Protected Nutrients for Newly Received Feedlot Calves. OARDC Competitive
Grants Program. $38,390 Grant. Co-PI. S. C. Loerch and F. L. Fluharty
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Liposome Protected Nutrients for Newly Received Feedlot Calves. Ingredient Innovations
International (3-I) Corporation. $38,390 Grant. Co-PI. S. C. Loerch and F. L. Fluharty
Ohio Family Farm Value-Based Marketing Initiative. United States Department of
Agriculture. $1,090,057. Grant Co-PI. S. J. Moeller, F. L. Fluharty, H. N. Zerby and D. A.
Mangione
2003 Ohio Family Farm Beef Industry Network: Antibiotic Use in Beef Product Systems and
Consumption of Beef in Elderly Americans. United States Department of Agriculture.
$1,317,120 Grant. Project Director
Genetic markers for performance traits in cattle. ValuMark LLC. $ 152,938 Grant . Co-PI.
D. J. Jackwood and F. L. Fluharty
2002 Integration of lamb production and processing technologies to improve palatability. USDA,
National Sheep Industry Improvement Center. $48,750. Grant. Co-PI. H. N. Zerby, S.
Moeller, F. L. Fluharty, and R. High
Initiation of a two-breed crossbreeding program to develop management strategies that
enhance intramuscular fat deposition and breed-specific genetic markers. Ohio Agricultural
Research and Development Center, Small Industry Grants Program. $6,000. Principal
Investigator
Family Farm Beef Industry Network- Value Added Product Development. United States
Department of Agriculture. $1,317,120. Grant. Co-PI. H. N. Zerby and F. L. Fluharty
2001 Development of an electronic identification system to track production and animal health
practices in beef cattle systems. $10,000. Allflex USA, Grant in-kind. Project Director
Development of an electronic identification system to track production and animal health
practices in beef cattle systems. $11,750. Grant. Ohio Cattlemen’s Foundation, Project
Director
Developing stochastic feedlot simulation software to better understand, manage and value
beef cattle quality traits in a vertically coordinated beef system. Ohio Agricultural Research
and Development Center, Research Enhancement Competitive Grants Program - $97,462.
Grant. Co-PI. B. E. Roe, H. N. Zerby, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch
Family Farm Beef Industry Network. United States Department of Agriculture. $1,264,412
Grant. Project Director and P. I.
2000 Develop value-added marketing channels for a vertically coordinated beef production and
processing system in Ohio. Federal State Market Improvement Program, United States
13
Department of Agriculture. $60,000. Grant. Co-Investigator with the Ohio Department of
Agriculture
Development of a Beef Quality Assurance Program for Ohio. United States Department of
Agriculture. $28,818. Grant. Ohio Beef Industry Center coordinated in cooperation with
the Ohio Department of Agriculture
1999 Genetic and nutritional factors affecting muscle characteristics and carcass value of beef
steers. Certified Angus Beef Program - $225,000. Grant . Co-PI. F. L. Fluharty, and D. J.
Jackwood
1998 Effect of pelleted alfalfa and corn combinations in lamb growth and carcass characteristics.
Ohio Blenders, Inc. - $4,050. Gift
1997 Genetic and nutritional factors affecting muscle characteristics and carcass value of beef
steers. Certified Angus Beef Program - $68,000. Grant . Co-PI. F. L. Fluharty, and D. J.
Jackwood
Genetic and nutritional factors affecting muscle characteristics and carcass value of beef
steers. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Research Enhancement
Competitive Grants Program - $50,000. Grant. Co-PI. F. L. Fluharty, and D. J. Jackwood
Effect of high-protein corn on performance of growing beef calves. Ohio Enterprise Center
- $2,000. Principal Investigator
Influence on nutrition and genetics on composition of gain and muscle characteristics of
beef steers. The Ohio State University Seed Grant - $16,000. Co-PI. F. L. Fluharty, and D.
J. Jackwood.
1996 Effect of corn processing and protein concentration on lamb growth and carcass
characteristics. Buckeye Feed Mills Inc. - $5,000. Principal Investigator
Effect of high-protein corn on performance of growing beef calves. Ohio Enterprise Center
$7,000. Principal Investigator
Influence on nutrition and genetics on composition of gain and muscle characteristics of
beef steers. The Ohio State University Seed Grant - $16,000. Co-PI. F. L. Fluharty, and D.
J. Jackwood
1995 Effect of beet pulp on fibrolytic ruminal bacteria. Michigan Sugar Company - $2,150.
Principal Investigator
Effect of protein concentration and energy source on early-weaned calf performance.
Buckeye Feed Mills Inc. - $9,300. Principal Investigator
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Effect of high-protein corn on performance of growing beef calves. Ohio Enterprise Center
$8,000. Principal Investigator
Effect of corn processing and dietary fiber on nutrient digestion and growth of lambs. The
College of Wooster, Senior Research Support Grant - $2,372.24. Principal Investigator
1994 Use of ionophores in ewe gestation and lactation diets. Hoffman La Roche Inc. - $2,500.
Gift
College of Agriculture, Office of Research based funds to support meat composition
research - $503. Principal Investigator
1992 Effect of ruminal bypass protein on performance of newly arrived feedlot cattle. American
Protein Corporation - $1,650. Principal Investigator
Effect of ruminal bypass protein on performance of newly arrived feedlot cattle. Zapata
Haynie Corporation - $500. Principal Investigator
1991 Effect of protein source on performance of newly arrived feedlot cattle. American Protein
Corporation - $5,925. Principal Investigator
Total: 44 SUCCESSFUL GRANTS: $6,994,944.24
PATENTS
2003 United States Patent No. 6,569,629: GENE MARKERS FOR BEEF MARBLING AND
TENDERNESS. Date of Patent: May 27, 2003
2001 United States Patent No. 6,242,191 B1: METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE BEEF
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVE CATTLE. Date of Patent: June 5, 2001
SEMINARS/PRESENTATIONS
Invited Talks and Seminars (Ohio)
1999 – 2015
I have given 10 to 50 invited talks per year within Ohio, on topics ranging from International
marketing of U.S. beef products; impacts of legislation such as Country of Origin Labeling
and National Animal I.D. on beef production and marketing; nutritional impacts on immunity
and carcass characteristics of beef and sheep; impacts of the ethanol industry on animal
agriculture and the proper use of distillers dried grains, and nutritional strategies to improve
the profitability of the cow herd.
Invited Talks and Seminars (National)
15
2013 Agricultural and Applied Economics Association: Post-Conference Workshop. Managing
multidisciplinary AFRI grant budgets and personnel. Washington, DC.
2012 University of Wisconsin: 2012 Cattle Feeder Clinics. Best Management Practice
Considerations for Alternative Feeding Operations. Seven presentations at various locations
throughout Wisconsin.
United Producers Cooperative: Cow-Calf Herd Economics and Implications of Using Newer
Technologies in Forage Management. Four presentations at various locations throughout
Pennsylvania.
Soy and Grain Trade Summit: Use of Ethanol Co-products in beef feedlot diets. New
Orleans, LA.
2010 Clemson University and South Carolina Cattlemen’s Association Invited Presentation.
Clemson, SC. The Land Grant System: Past, Present, and Future.
2009 Three Invited Presentations for West Virginia University Extension in Ripley, Spencer, and
Alma, W.VA. Nutritional and Forage Management Techniques, and Timing of Appropriate
Forage Quality with the Nutritional Requirements of the Cow, that Optimize Forage
Utilization in a Cow-Calf Operation.
Clemson University Invited Presentation. Clemson, SC. Global Beef Markets, and Growth
of High- Value Markets in the United States.
2008 West Virginia University Invited Ethanol Industry Impact Presentation. Point Pleasant,
W.VA. Impact of the renewable fuels industry on grain availability, price of alternative
feeds for beef cattle, and nutritional limitations of dietary ethanol co-product inclusion levels.
Hubbard Feeds Invited Discussion. Des Moines, IA. Managing cattle for all-natural beef
programs, and methodologies to minimize metabolic disorders in cattle fed high-grain diets.
Iowa State University’s Bioeconomy Institute, Invited Talk at the 2008 Biobased Industry
Outlook Conference. Ames, IA. Utilizing feed co-products from biofuel plants.
2007 Quality Liquid Feeds Invited Discussion. Dodgeville, WI. Managing cattle for all-natural
beef programs and methodologies to increase ruminal fiber digestion.
University of Kentucky Extension Invited Cow-Calf Talk, Florence, KY. Nutrition of the
cow herd and nutritional requirements of cattle in late gestation and early lactation.
University of Kentucky Extension Invited All-Natural Cow Herd Management Talk,
Georgetown, KY. Nutrition of the cow herd, and elimination of feed-grade antibiotics in
stocker cattle.
16
2006 Kansas State University Special Animal Science Seminar, Manhattan, KS. Dietary
manipulation in beef production systems to allow elimination of feed-grade antibiotics and
alter the composition of beef and meat products.
West Virginia University Invited Cow-Calf School, Ripley, W.VA. Nutrition of the cow
herd and nutritional requirements of cattle in late gestation and early lactation.
North Dakota Cattlemen’s Association Meeting, Humboldt, ND. Managing cattle for all-
natural beef programs.
Simplot Industries Invited Discussion. Grand View, ID. Managing cattle for all-natural
programs and the use of low to moderate Vitamin A diets in feedlot cattle.
2005 West Virginia University Invited Cow-Calf School, Ripley, W.VA. Nutrition of the cow
herd: nutritional requirements of cattle in late gestation and early lactation, body condition
scoring, and pre-weaning calf management.
Midwest Veterinary Conference, Columbus, OH. Carbohydrate and protein metabolism in
ruminants, with a special emphasis on metabolic disorders of feedlot steers.
Southwest Oklahoma Cattle Producers Invited Speaker. Stillwater, Oklahoma. Ethanol Co-
Product Uses: Opportunities for stocker and cow-calf operations.
Penn State Cattlemen’s Day Invited Talk. State College, PA. Managing newly-weaned
feeder calves.
University of Georgia Invited Talk. Athens, GA. Managing change in Extension for the 21st
Century.
2004 West Virginia University Invited Feedlot Management School, Ripley, W.VA.
Understanding grid marketing, and nutritional strategies that enhance carcass characteristics.
2003 ORIGEN Genetics Invited Talk. Denver, CO. Development of SNP versus RAPD markers
for marbling and muscle tenderness tests.
Smithfield Foods Invited Talk. Green Bay, WI. Development of beef marketing
opportunities for Ohio-based feedlots using source and processed verified cattle.
2002 Certified Angus Beef Invited Talk. Lincoln, NE. Weaning and feeding management
techniques to improve USDA Quality Grade.
Beef Improvement Federation Invited Talk. Omaha, NE. Development of RAPD markers
for marbling and tenderness.
17
Minnesota Nutrition Conference Invited Talk. Minneapolis, MN. Receiving diets for feedlot
cattle.
University of Kentucky Special Seminar. Lexington, KY. Weaning management and
nutritional strategies to improve marbling in beef cattle.
2001 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX. Development of
Genetic Markers to Predict Carcass Characteristics.
Beyond the Basics: Beef Retail Short Course at the University of Nebraska, The Certified
Angus Beef Program, Lincoln, NE. How DNA Technology Can be Used to Improve Product
Consistency.
Beef Cattle Psychology and Technology Short Course at Purdue University, DNA
Technology as a Management Tool.
American Society of Animal Sciences National Meetings, Indianapolis, IN. Invited Speaker:
Development and use of genetic markers to predict marbling and tenderness in beef cattle.
2000 The Certified Angus Beef Program, Board of Directors, St. Joseph, MO. Use of Genetic
Markers to Predict Muscle Characteristics - Research Results.
National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Beef Quality Assurance State Coordinators Meeting.
Memphis, TN. How Cattle Can be Targeted for a Specific Market through Nutritional
Manipulation.
The Certified Angus Beef Program Peak Performance Seminar, Fort Collins, CO.
Management and Technological Strategies for Improving Carcass Quality.
The American Angus Association Annual Meeting at the North American International
Livestock Exposition, Louisville, KY. DNA Technology: Management and Implications.
1999 The American Alfalfa Processors Association's 58th Annual Convention. Orlando, Florida.
Ruminant Nutrition, Animal Growth, and the Effects of Processed Forages in Feedlot Diets.
The Certified Angus Beef Program, Executive Research Committee. Wooster, OH.
Relationship of Calpastatin Polymorphisms to Meat Tenderness, and Implications to the Beef
Cattle Industry.
The Certified Angus Beef Program, Board of Directors, St. Joseph, MO. Use of Genetic
Markers to Predict Muscle Characteristics - Research Results.
1998 Ohio Shepherd's Symposium. Can the U. S. Sheep Industry Survive in the Next Millennium?
Outlook and Analysis.
18
1997 Roche Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium. ASAS National Meetings, Nashville, TN.
Physiological Changes and Digestive Capabilities of Newly Received Feedlot Calves. Co-
Presenter with S. C. Loerch
1996 The Certified Angus Beef Program, Executive Committee. Influence of nutrition and
genetics on composition of gain and muscle characteristics of beef steers.
Cornell Univ. Extension, Cattle Feeders Conference. Feedlot receiving diets for newly
weaned calves.
Cornell Univ. Extension, Cattle Feeders Conference. Effects of limited intake feeding
strategies and feed bunk management on cattle growth.
Ohio Nutrition Forum. Overview and Discussion of Changes in the Nutrient Requirements of
Beef Cattle (Seventh Revised Edition).
1995 Penn State Univ. Extension, Cattle Feeders Day. Diet formulation for newly arrived feedlot
cattle.
Penn State Univ. Extension, Berks/Southeast Cattlemen annual meeting. Nutritional
requirements of the beef calf from 100 to 300 days of age.
University of Florida, Dept. of Animal Science. Effects of protein and energy concentrations
in ruminant diets on animal performance and visceral organ accretion.
Invited Talks and Seminars (International)
2015 Feedlot Short Course: Biotech Uruguay, (June 1 and 2, 2015)
1. DDG in finishing diets: advantages and challenges.
2. New advances in feedlot nutrition.
3. Feedlot designs to minimize mud and reduce maintenance requirements of cattle.
2014 Feedlot Short-Course: University of La Plata and Conicet (National Scientific and Technical
Research Council - Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).
1. U.S. Beef Industry
2. Feeding for marbling and feed efficiency
3. Grain Processing and Feedlot Diet Roughage Sources and Levels
4. Improving Forage Digestibility
5. Feeding Corn Coproducts
6. Cow and Heifer Nutrition: The 4 Stages of Production and Colostrum Production
Late Gestation Nutrition and Fetal Programming
7. Feeder Calf Management: Weaning and Nutrition
8. Feedlot Growing Systems to Enhance Lean Growth
Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series: Buenos Aires, Argentina (November 21, 2014)
19
1. Feeding Strategies for Diets with High Levels of Corn, and Implications for Improved
Efficiency and Reduced Acidosis;
2. Late Gestation Nutrition’s Impact on Fetal Programming, Colostrum Production, and Calf
Performance.
2013 Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series:
1. Corn Processing and the Use of Corn Byproducts in Feedlot Diets;
2. Nutritional Programs that Enhance Muscle Development and Reduce Fattening;
Buenos Aires, Argentina (October 29, 30, 2013)
Cargill-Provimi: 26 invited talks to Cargill technical personnel and feed dealers.
1. Ruminant Fiber Digestion and Enhancing Forage Digestibility
2. Overview of the U.S. Beef Industry and Feedlot Nutrition
N. Ireland, S. Ireland, England, The Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, and Italy
(September 10 through September 27, 2013)
SuKarne: Invited presentation to feedlot management personnel.
1. Feedlot management practices to reduce animal stress and improve growth rates
Monterrey, Mexico. (June 26, 2013)
2012 Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series:
1. Developing Replacement Heifers;
2. Weaning Management Strategies to Reduce Stress and Post-Weaning Nutrition;
3. Feedlot Nutrition to Enhance Marbling Development.
Buenos Aires, Argentina (November 27-30, 2012)
Second Annual Provimi Animal Nutrition Seminar ‘Nutrition - the key to unlock genetic
potential’. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Improving Utilisation of Forages. (June 6, 2012)
Provimi Animal Nutrition Conference. Paris, France Improving Utilisation of Forages.( June
7, 2012)
2011 Invited lecture to the Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile
Santiago, Chile. Ruminant Nutrition and Effects on Meat Quality in Lambs. (September 23,
2011)
Fundación Chile, in partnership with Carnes Ñuble, under the project funded by CORFO-
INNOVA. Santa Cruz, Chile. Ruminant Nutrition and Effects on Meat Quality in Lambs.
(September 27, 2011)
Fundación Chile, in partnership with Carnes Ñuble, under the project funded by CORFO-
INNOVA. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción Chillan, Chile. Perception of
Consumers Regarding Grass Fed Meat From Ruminants in USA and Opportunities for
Chilean Meat. (September 28, 2011)
20
Fundación Chile, in partnership with Carnes Ñuble, under the project funded by CORFO-
INNOVA. Temuco, Chile. Perception of Consumers Regarding Grass Fed Meat From
Ruminants in USA and Opportunities for Chilean Meat. (September 29, 2011)
2010 Diplomado en Gestión de la producción Animal Vivina y Ovina, Coyhaique, Chile.
Development of an Integrated Market Research, Transportation Logistics, and Animal
Management Feasibility Study for a Branded, Aysén Meat Program. Sponsored by the
Universidad de Chile in conjunction with CORFO, the Chilean Economic Development
Agency. (April, 2010)
2009 Diplomado en Gestión de la producción Animal Vivina y Ovina, Coyhaique, Chile. I.
Development of a Production, Processing, and Marketing Chain for a Branded, Patagonian
Grass-Based Beef Program. Sponsored by the Universidad de Chile in conjunction with
INACAP, the largest higher education institution in Chile, and CORFO, the Chilean
Economic Development Agency. (November, 2009)
Diplomado en Gestión de la producción Animal Vivina y Ovina, Coyhaique, Chile. II.
Nutritional Management Opportunities for Optimizing Profitability in Grass-Based Beef
Markets. Sponsored by the Universidad de Chile in conjunction with INACAP, the largest
higher education institution in Chile, and CORFO, the Chilean Economic Development
Agency. (November, 2009)
XIII Curso "Novos Enfoques na Producao e Reproducao de Bovinos", Uberlandia, Brazil. I.
Management and Technological Strategies for Improving Carcass Quality; II. Nutrition of
the Cow Herd and Nutritional Requirements of Cattle in Late Gestation and Early Lactation;
III. Carbohydrate and Protein Metabolism in Ruminants, with a Special Emphasis on
Metabolic Disorders of Feedlot Steers. (March, 2009)
2008 Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) Office in Chile and the
Chilean Institute for Agriculture Development (INDAP), Villarrica, Chile. Beef Industry
Challenges in a Global Economy and Development of a Branded Beef Product Line for
Consumers in the United States
2006 Pan-American Veterinary Science Congress and the 14th
Chilean Veterinary Medicine
Congress, Santiago, Chile. Beef Industry Challenges in a Global Economy
2002 Third Annual Beef Cattle Short Course: Diet and Management of Feedlot Cattle, Wagyu F1
Council and Japan Cattleman’s Association, Tokyo, Japan. Effects of Grain Processing and
Feedlot Management on Nutritional Disorders and Efficiency of Growth
2001 Second Annual Beef Cattle Short Course: Improvement on Reproductive Technology,
Feeding Efficiency and Marbling, Wagyu F1 Council and Japan Cattleman’s Association,
Hokkaido, Japan. Effects of Diet and Management on Fat Deposition
21
2000 The Certified Angus Beef World of Opportunity Annual Meeting, Whistler, British
Columbia, Canada. Quality Beef Production Through the Use of DNA Technology.
1999 World Soybean Research Conference/Global Soy Forum, Chicago, Illinois. Soy Products as
Protein Sources for Beef and Dairy Cattle, Co-Authors Dr. Jeff Firkins, and Dr. Francis
Fluharty.
1998 Ontario Sheep Marketing Agency Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada. Feeding Market
Lambs including Traditional and Alternative Systems.
INVOLVEMENT IN GRADUATE EXAMS, THESES, AND DISSERTATIONS
Doctoral Students
Jeff McCutcheon, (Advisor) graduated December, 2014
Tara Felix (Doctoral exam and Dissertation committee member) graduated September, 2011
Amy Radunz (Doctoral exam and Dissertation committee member) graduated September, 2009
Carrie Pickworth (Co-Advisor) graduated September, 2009
Milton Gorocicia Buenfil (Doctoral exam and Dissertation committee member) graduated
December, 2006
Chad Gasser (Doctoral exam and Dissertation committee member) graduated June, 2005
Jon Schoonmaker (Doctoral exam and Dissertation committee member) graduated December, 2002
Johnny Rossi (Dissertation committee member) graduated September, 2000
Lori Lowery DVM (Doctoral exam member) October, 1997
Master's Students
Allison Pullin (Co-Advisor) expected graduation May, 2017
Brady Campbell (Co-Advisor) expected graduation May, 2017
Jerad Jaborek (Advisor) expected graduation August, 2016
Lorraine English (Thesis committee member) expected graduation August, 2015
Taylor Yohe (Thesis committee member) graduated May, 2014
Kate Esselburn (Co-Advisor) graduated June, 2012
Luke Morrow (Co-Advisor) graduated June 2012
Alexandra Gress (Thesis committee member) graduated March, 2012
Katherine Betts (Thesis committee member) graduated September, 2011
Emily Arnett (Co-Advisor) graduated June, 2010
David O’Diam (Thesis committee member) graduated March, 2009
Jaime Bard (Thesis committee member) graduated September, 2006
Leslie Ann Wickersham (Thesis committee member) graduated June, 2005
Milton Gorocicia Buenfil (Thesis committee member) graduated December, 2003
Deanna Bapst (Thesis committee member) graduated June, 2003
Michelle Murphy (Thesis committee member) graduated March, 2002
John Schoonmaker (Thesis committee member) graduated March, 1999
Kurt Johnson (Thesis committee member) graduated June, 1997
Lisa Driedger (Thesis committee member) graduated December, 1997
22
PUBLICATIONS
Dissertation:
Factors affecting ruminal function and performance of newly arrived feedlot calves. 1993. Dept. of
Animal Science, The Ohio State University.
Master's Thesis:
Effects of chemical treatment of ground corn to limit rumen starch degradation on in vitro dry matter
disappearance, nutrient digestion and feedlot steer performance. 1987. Dept. of Animal Science,
The Ohio State University.
Book Chapters:
Boyles, S. M. Eastridge, F. Fluharty, and J. Grimes. 2001. Nutrition and Feeding. In Beef Resource
Handbook. 4-H 117R. Columbus: OSU Curriculum Materials. 7-1-7-30. http://osu-cms.org/
Firkins, J. L. and F. L. Fluharty. 2000. Soy Products as Protein Sources for Beef and Dairy Cattle.
In: J. K. Drackley (Ed.) Soy in Animal Nutrition. pp 182-214. Federation of Animal Science
Societies, Savoy, IL.
REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES:
1. McCutcheon, J.S., L. W. Morton, H. N. Zerby, S. C. Loerch, L. Miller and F. L. Fluharty.
2015. Factors Affecting the Use of Grazing Based Systems and Grass-Fed Management by
Beef and Sheep Producers in Ohio. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. (Submitted).
2. McCutcheon, J.S., and F. L. Fluharty. 2015. Integration of Sheep Grazing Into an Organic
Crop Production System to Control Weeds. Small Ruminant Research. (Submitted)
3. McCutcheon, J. S., H. N. Zerby, S. C. Loerch, and F. L. Fluharty. 2015. Effect of three
summer forage finishing systems on lamb growth and meat characteristics. J. Anim. Sci.
(Submitted).
4. McCutcheon, J. S., H. N. Zerby, S. C. Loerch, and F. L. Fluharty. 2015. Comparison of four
perennial forage finishing systems and a limit-fed corn-based finishing system on lamb
growth and carcass characteristics. Prof. Anim. Sci. (Submitted).
5. Fluharty, F. L., H. N. Zerby, G. D. Lowe, and D. D. Clevenger. 2015. Effects of feeding
pelleted, ensiled, or a combination of pelleted and ensiled alfalfa, or corn silage on lamb
growth and carcass characteristics. Prof. Anim. Sci. (Final Revision Before Submission).
23
6. Esselburn, K. M., T. M. Hill, F. L. Fluharty, S. J. Moeller, K. M. O'Diam, and K. M.
Daniels. 2015. Examination of weekly mammary parenchymal area by ultrasound, mammary
mass, and composition in Holstein heifers reared on 1 of 3 diets from birth to 2 months of
age. J. Dairy Sci. 98:1-14 (Online Pre Publication)
7. McCutcheon, J. S., L. W. Morton, H. N. Zerby, S. C. Loerch, L. Miller & F. L. Fluharty
2015. Ohio Livestock Producers’ Perceptions of Producing and Marketing Grass-Based Beef
and Lamb, Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 39:4, 367-390. DOI:
10.1080/21683565.2014.986598.
8. Felix, T. L., S. C. Loerch and F. L. Fluharty. 2014. Protein supplementation for growing
cattle fed a corn silage based diet. Prof. Anim. Sci. 30:327-332.
9. Morrow, L. A., T. L. Felix, F. L. Fluharty, K. M. Daniels, S. C. Loerch. 2013. Effects of
sulfur and acidity on performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed dried distillers grains
with solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2211–2218.
10. Morrow, L. A., T. L. Felix, F. L. Fluharty, K. M. Daniels, S. C. Loerch. 2013. Effects of hay
supplementation in corn and dried distillers grains with solubles-based diets on performance
and ruminal metabolism in feedlot cattle. Prof. Anim. Sci. 29:124-132.
11. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, A. E. Relling, T. L. Felix, L. M. Shoup, H. N. Zerby, and S. C.
Loerch. 2012. Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows: II. Effects on progeny
postnatal growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. J. Anim. Sci. 90:4962–4974.
12. Felix, T. L. , W. P. Weiss, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of copper
supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and rumen sulfur
metabolism of growing cattle fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains. J. Anim. Sci.
90:2710-2716.
13. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty. 2012. Effects of timing and duration of dietary
vitamin A reduction on carcass quality of finishing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90:2677-2691.
14. Arnett, E., F. Fluharty, S. Loerch, H. Zerby, R. Zinn, and P. Kuber. 2012. Effects of forage
level in feedlot finishing diets on carcass characteristics and palatability of Jersey beef. J.
Anim. Sci. 90:960-972.
15. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch , and F. L. Fluharty. 2012. Concentration of pro-vitamin A
carotenoids in common beef cattle feedstuffs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1553-1561.
16. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch , and F. L. Fluharty. 2012. Restriction of vitamin A and D in
beef cattle finishing diets on feedlot performance and adipose accretion. J. Anim. Sci.
90:1866-1878.
24
17. Zerby, H. N., Bard, J. L., S. C. Loerch, P. S. Kuber, A. E. Radunz, and F. L. Fluharty. 2011.
Effects of diet and Aspergillus oryzae extract or Saccharomyces cervisiae on growth and
carcass characteristics of lambs and steers fed to meet requirements of natural markets. J.
Anim. Sci. 89:2257-2264.
18. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Winter-feeding systems
for gestating sheep I. Effects on pre- and postpartum ewe performance and lamb progeny
preweaning performance. J. Anim. Sci. 89:467-477.
19. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, I. Susin, T. L. Felix, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2011.
Winter-feeding systems for gestating sheep II. Effects on feedlot performance, glucose
tolerance, and carcass composition of lamb progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 89:478-488.
20. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch, S. G. Velleman, J. L. Pate, D. H. Poole, F. L. Fluharty. 2011.
Adipogenic differentiation state-specific gene expression as related to bovine carcass
adiposity. J. Anim. Sci. 89:355-366.
21. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, M. L. Day, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2010. Prepartum
dietary energy source fed to beef cows: I. Effects on pre- and postpartum cow performance.
J. Anim. Sci. 88:2717-2728.
22. Cernicchiaro, Natalia, David L. Pearl, Scott A. McEwen, Henry N. Zerby, Francis L.
Fluharty, Steve C. Loerch, Michael D. Kauffman, Jaime L. Bard, Jeffrey T. LeJeune. 2010.
A randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of dietary energy sources, feed
supplements, and the presence of super-shedders on the detection of Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in feedlot cattle using different diagnostic procedures. Foodborne Pathogens and
Disease. 7:1071-1081.
23. Radunz, A. E., L. A. Wickersham, S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty, C. K. Reynolds, and H. N.
Zerby. 2009. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on fatty acid
composition in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 87:4082-
4091. (http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/jas.2009-2059v1.pdf.
24. Radunz A. E., S. C. Loerch, G. D. Lowe, F. L. Fluharty, and H. N. Zerby. 2009. Effect of
Wagyu-versus Angus-sired calves on feedlot performance, carcass characteristic, and
tenderness. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2971-2976.
25. Grimes, John F., Francis L. Fluharty, Thomas B. Turner, Henry N. Zerby and Gary D. Lowe.
2008. Effect of age-at-weaning and post-weaning management on performance and carcass
characteristics of Charolais-Angus Cross Steers. Journal of Extension 46: Article 5RIB8.
http://www.joe.org/joe/2008october/rb8.shtml.
26. Gorocica-Buenfil, M. A.; Fluharty, F. L.; Loerch, S. C. 2008. Effect of vitamin A restriction
on carcass characteristics and immune status of beef steers. Journal of Animal Science. Vol.
86, no. 7: 1609-1616.
25
27. Chen, J., F. Fluharty, N. St-Pierre, M. Morrison, and Z. Yu. 2008. Technical note:
Occurrence in fecal microbiota of genes conferring resistance to both macrolide-lincosamide-
streptogramin B and tetracyclines concomitant with feeding of beef cattle with tylosin. J.
Anim. Sci. 85:2385-2391.
28. Gorocica-Buenfil, M. A., F. L. Fluharty, T. Bohn, S. J. Schwartz and S. C. Loerch. 2007.
Effect of low vitamin A diets with high-moisture or dry corn on marbling and adipose tissue
fatty acid composition of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 85:3355-3366.
29. Gorocica-Buenfil, M.A., F. L. Fluharty, C. K. Reynolds and S. C. Loerch. 2007. Effect of
dietary vitamin A concentration and roasted soybean inclusion on marbling, adipose
cellularity and fatty acid composition of beef. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 2230-2242.
30. Gorocica-Buenfil, M. A.; Fluharty, F. L.; Reynolds, C. K.; Loerch, S. C. 2007. Effect of
dietary vitamin A restriction on marbling and conjugated linoleic acid content in Holstein
steers. Journal of Animal Science. Vol. 85, no. 9: 2243-2255.
31. Grimes, John F., Francis L. Fluharty, Thomas B. Turner, Henry N. Zerby and Gary D. Lowe.
2007. Effect of age at weaning and post-weaning management on performance and carcass
characteristics of Angus Steers. Journal of Extension 45: Article 1RIB6.
http://www.joe.org/joe/2007february/rb6.shtml.
32. Patent, Keisha, Brian Roe, and Francis Fluharty. 2006. Awareness and intended compliance
of beef cattle exhibitors in the National Animal Identification System. Journal of Extension
44:Article 5RIB7. http:// www.joe.org/joe/2006october/rb7.shtml.
33. Gasser, C. L., D. E. Grum, M. L. Mussard, F. L. Fluharty, J. E. Kinder, and M. L. Day.
2006. Induction of precocious puberty in heifers I: Enhanced secretion of luteinizing
hormone. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2035-2041.
34. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, and S.C. Loerch. 2004. Effect of source and amount of
energy and rate of growth in the growing phase on adipocyte cellularity and lipogenic
enzyme activity in the intramuscular and subcutaneous fat depots of Holstein steers. J. Anim.
Sci. 82:137-148.
35. Schoonmaker, J. P., M.J. Cecava, F. L. Fluharty, H.N. Zerby, and S.C. Loerch. 2004. Effect
of source and amount of energy, and rate of growth in the growing phase on performance and
carcass characteristics of early- and normal-weaned steers. J. Anim. Sci. 82:273-282.
36. Murphy, M. A., H. N. Zerby, F. L. Fluharty. 2003. The effects of energy source and
ionophore supplementation on lamb growth, carcass characteristics and tenderness. Sheep
and Goat Res. J. 18:89-95.
37. Schoonmaker, J. P., M.J. Cecava, D. B. Faulkner, F. L. Fluharty, H.N. Zerby, and S.C.
Loerch. 2003. Effect of source of energy and rate of growth on performance, carcass
26
characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and serum glucose and insulin of early-weaned steers.
J. Anim. Sci. 81:843-855.
38. Schoonmaker, J. P., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty, H. N. Zerby, and T. B. Turner. 2002.
Effect of age at feedlot entry on performance and carcass characteristics of bulls and steers.
J. Anim. Sci. 80:2247-2254.
39. Schoonmaker, J. P., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty, T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, J. E. Rossi, W.
R. Dayton, M. R. Hathaway, and D. M. Wulf. 2002. Effect of an accelerated finishing
program on performance, carcass characteristics, and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1
concentration of early weaned bulls and steers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:900-910.
40. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, S. C. Loerch, T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, and D. M.
Wulf. 2001. Effect of weaning status and implant regimen on growth, performance, and
carcass characteristics of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1074-1084.
41. Rossi, J. E., S. C. Loerch, and F. L. Fluharty. 2000. Effects of crude protein concentration in
diets of feedlot steers fed to achieve stepwise increases in rate of gain. J. Anim. Sci.
78:3036-3044.
42. Fluharty, F. L., T. B. Turner, S. C. Loerch, D. M. Wulf, S. J. Moeller, and G. D. Lowe.
2000. Effects of age at weaning and diet on growth of calves. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1759-1767.
43. Loerch, S. C. and F. L. Fluharty. 2000. Use of trainer animals to improve performance and
health of newly arrived feedlot calves. J. Anim. Sci. 78:539-545.
44. Loerch, S. C. and F. L. Fluharty. 1999. Physiological changes and digestive capabilities of
newly received feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1113-1119.
45. Fluharty, F. L., K. E. McClure, M. B. Solomon, D. D. Clevenger, and G. D. Lowe. 1999.
Effects of energy source and ionophore supplementation on lamb growth, carcass
characteristics, visceral organ mass, diet digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism. J. Anim.
Sci. 77:816-823.
46. Hejazi, S., F. L. Fluharty, J. E. Perley, S. C. Loerch, and G. D. Lowe. 1999. Effects of corn
processing and dietary fiber source on feedlot performance and visceral organ weight, diet
digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 77:507-515.
47. Loerch, S. C. and F. L. Fluharty. 1998. Effects of corn processing, dietary roughage level
and timing of roughage inclusion on performance of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 76:681-
685.
48. Loerch, S. C. and F. L. Fluharty. 1998. Effects of programming intake on performance and
carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 76:371-377.
27
49. Knoblich, H. V., F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 1997. Effects of programmed gain
strategies on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 75:3094-3102.
50. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1997. Effects of concentration and source of supplemental
fat and protein on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2308-2316.
51. Fluharty, F. L. and K. E. McClure. 1997. Effects of dietary energy intake and protein
concentration and source on performance and visceral organ mass in lambs. J. Anim. Sci.
75:604-610.
52. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1996. Effects of dietary energy source and level on
performance of newly arrived feedlot calves. J. Anim. Sci. 74:504-513.
53. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch and B. A. Dehority. 1996. Effects of feed and water
deprivation on ruminal characteristics and microbial population of newly weaned, and
feedlot-adapted calves. J. Anim. Sci. 74:465-474.
54. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1995. Effects of protein concentration and protein source
on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1585-1594.
55. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch and B. A. Dehority. 1994. Ruminal characteristics, microbial
populations and digestive capabilities of newly weaned, stressed calves. J. Anim. Sci.
72:2969-2979.
56. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch and F. E. Smith. 1994. Effects of energy density and protein
source on diet digestibility and performance of calves after arrival at the feedlot. J. Anim.
Sci. 72:1616-1622.
57. Murphy, T. A., F. L. Fluharty and S. C. Loerch. 1994. The influence of intake level and
corn processing on digestibility and rumen metabolism in steers fed all-concentrate diets. J.
Anim. Sci. 72:1608-1615.
58. Loerch, S. C., F. E. Smith and F. L. Fluharty. 1993. Efficacy of methane fermentor residue
as a source of roughage for cattle fed grain based diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 4:31-39.
59. Dehority, B. A., A. P. Grifo, Jr., P. A. Tirabasso and F. L. Fluharty. 1992. Relationship
between rumen bacterial concentrations and total numbers. J. Dairy Sci. 75:3452-3454.
60. Sultan, J. I., F. L. Fluharty, J. L. Firkins and S. C. Loerch. 1992. Effects of supplemental
protein source and alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of wheat straw on site of nutrient
digestion and flow of nitrogenous compounds to the duodenum of steers. J. Anim. Sci.
70:3909-3915.
61. Sultan, J. I., F. L. Fluharty and S. C. Loerch. 1991. Effects of energy level, protein level and
protein source on steer feedlot performance. Pakistan J. Agric. Sci. 28:350-354.
28
62. Ngidi, E. M., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty and D. L. Palmquist. 1990. Effects of calcium
soaps of long chain fatty acids on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and rumen
metabolism of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 68:2555-2565.
63. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1989. Chemical treatment of ground corn to limit rumen
starch degradation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 69:173-180.
RESEARCH CIRCULARS
1. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, S. C. Loerch, and T. B. Turner. 2001. Effect of age at
feedlot entry on performance and carcass characteristics of bulls and steers. OARDC Special
Circular #181:87-94.
2. Loerch, S. C., F. L. Fluharty, and P. A. Tirabasso. 2001. Effect of source and color on
performance of steers in the OARDC feedlot. OARDC Special Circular #181:71-74.
3. Loerch, S. C., and F. L. Fluharty. 2001. Effects of trainer cows on performance of newly
received feedlot calves. Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews: Beef.
OARDC Special Circular #181:57-64.
4. Loerch, S. C., and F. L. Fluharty. 2001. Effects of a brief pasture period and trainer cows on
performance of newly received feedlot calves. Department of Animal Sciences Research and
Reviews: Beef. OARDC Special Circular #181:65-69.
5. Schoonmaker, J. P., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty, T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, and J. E. Rossi.
1999. Effect of an accelerated finishing program on performance and carcass characteristics
of early weaned bulls and steers. Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews:
Beef. OARDC Special Circular #170:55-64.
6. Fluharty, F. L., G. D. Lowe, and D. D. Clevenger. 1999. . Effects of feed delivery system
and corn processing on lamb growth and carcass characteristics. Department of Animal
Sciences Research and Reviews:Sheep. OARDC Special Circular #170:99-106.
7. Fluharty, F. L., G. D. Lowe, and D. D. Clevenger. 1999. . Effects of feeding pelleted,
ensiled, or a combination of pelleted and ensiled alfalfa on lamb growth and carcass
characteristics. Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews:Sheep. OARDC
Special Circular #170:89-93.
8. Fluharty, F. L., G. D. Lowe, and D. D. Clevenger. 1999. Effects of corn silage versus alfalfa
haylage on lamb growth and carcass characteristics in forage-based finishing systems.
Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews: Sheep. OARDC Special Circular
#170:94-98.
29
9. Fluharty, F. L., G. D. Lowe, and D. D. Clevenger. 1999. Effects of pen floor type and
bedding on lamb growth and carcass characteristics. Department of Animal Sciences
Research and Reviews: Sheep. OARDC Special Circular #170:107-111.
10. Fluharty, F. L. 1999. Effects of Pelleted alfalfa and whole-shelled corn combinations on
lamb growth and carcass characteristics. Department of Animal Sciences Research and
Reviews:Sheep. OARDC Special Circular #170:81-88.
11. Rossi, J. E., S. C. Loerch, and F. L. Fluharty. 1999. Effects of crude protein level in diets of
feedlot steers during periods of compensatory growth in steers fed to achieve step-wise
increases in rate of gain. Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews: Beef.
OARDC Special Circular #162:38-43.
12. Rossi, J. E., S. C. Loerch, and F. L. Fluharty. 1999. Effects of crude protein level in diets of
feedlot steers fed to achieve step-wise increases in rate of gain. Department of Animal
Sciences Research and Reviews: Beef. OARDC Special Circular #162:32-37.
13. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, T. B. Turner, D. M. Wulf, S. J. Moeller, and S. C.
Loerch. 1999. Effect of weaning age and implant regimen II. Carcass characteristics of
steers. Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews: Beef. OARDC Special
Circular #162:75-77.
14. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, and S. C. Loerch. 1999.
Effect of weaning age and implant regimen. I. Steer performance. Department of Animal
Sciences Research and Reviews: Beef. OARDC Special Circular #162:44-49.
15. Fluharty, F. L., T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, and G. D. Lowe. 1996. Effects of age at weaning
and diet on growth of calves. Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews.
OARDC Special Circular #156:29-36.
16. Fluharty, F. L., and B. A. Dehority. 1996. Effects of sugar beet pulp and corn as energy
supplements for cattle fed forage diets on diet digestibility and ruminal microorganisms.
Department of Animal Sciences Research and Reviews. OARDC Special Circular #156:51-
56.
17. Fluharty, F. L., K. E. McClure, M. B. Solomon, D. D. Clevenger, and G. D. Lowe. 1996.
Effects of energy source and ionophore supplementation on lamb growth, carcass
characteristics, and visceral organ mass. Department of Animal Sciences Research and
Reviews. OARDC Special Circular #156:223-230.
18. Fluharty, F. L., K. E. McClure, D. D. Clevenger, and G. D. Lowe. 1996. Effects of energy
intake and ionophore addition to alfalfa based ewe gestation diets. Department of Animal
Sciences Research and Reviews. OARDC Special Circular #156:251-258.
30
19. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch, and F. E. Smith. 1996. Effects of trainer animals on the
performance of newly weaned calves after arrival at the feedlot. Department of Animal
Sciences Research and Reviews. OARDC Special Circular #156:23-28.
20. Knoblich. H. V., F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 1996. Effects of programming rate of
gain on feedlot performance of cattle. Department of Animal Sciences Research and
Reviews. OARDC Special Circular #156:57-62.
21. Hejazi, S. and F. L. Fluharty. 1996. Effects of corn processing and dietary fiber source on
lamb feedlot performance and tissue accretion rates. (Advisor). Department of Animal
Sciences Research and Reviews. OARDC Special Circular #156:243-250.
22. Hejazi, S. and F. L. Fluharty. 1996. Effects of corn processing and dietary fiber source on
diet digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. (Advisor). Department of Animal
Sciences Research and Reviews. OARDC Special Circular #156:237-242.
23. Boyles, S., S. Loerch, F. Fluharty, W. Shulaw, and H. Stanfield. 1995. Feedlot Management
Primer. The Ohio State University, Extension Publication.
24. Fluharty, F. L., K. E. McClure, G. D. Lowe and D. D. Clevenger. 1995. Effects of energy
intake and protein level in all concentrate diets. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry
Report. 95-1. pp. 57-69.
25. Loerch, S. C., F. E. Smith and F. L. Fluharty. 1995. Effects of programming rate of gain on
feedlot performance of cattle. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report. 95-1. pp. 48-
56.
26. Johnson, K., T. B. Turner and F. L. Fluharty. 1995. Effects of age at weaning, and cow
production level on calf performance. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report 95-1.
pp. 28-35.
27. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1994. Effects of fat supplementation on performance of
newly arrived feedlot calves. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report 94-1. pp. 43-
50.
28. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1993. Effects of phase feeding various protein sources on
performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report
93-1. pp. 136-145.
29. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1993. Effects of dietary concentrate level on receiving
diets with varying levels of protein. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report 93-1. pp.
126-135.
31
30. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1993. Effects of receiving diet energy level on
performance of steers after feedlot arrival. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report
93-1. pp. 121-125.
31. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch and D. R. Redman. 1992. Effects of 0, 48 or 72 hours of feed
and water deprivation and trucking stress on rumen characteristics and bacterial numbers in
newly weaned steers. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report 92-1. pp. 74-84.
32. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1992. Effects of protein level and protein source on
performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report
92-1. pp. 57-73.
33. Loerch, S. C. and F. L. Fluharty. 1992. Effects of dietary energy source and creep feeding
on calf performance after feedlot arrival. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report 92-
1. pp. 53-56.
34. Loerch, S. C. and F. L. Fluharty. 1992. Effects of roughage level and timing of roughage
inclusion on performance of feedlot cattle. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry Report
92-1. pp. 36-44.
35. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1991. Effects of fat level, protein level and protein source
on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. Ohio Beef Cattle Research and Industry
Report 91-2. pp. 1-11.
36. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1990. Effects of energy level and protein source on
performance and rumen function of newly arrived feedlot steers. Ohio Beef Cattle Research
and Industry Report 90-2. pp. 109-123.
ABSTRACTS/SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS
1. Hoffman, Travis W., Keith E. Belk, Dale R. Woerner, J. D. Tatum, Robert J. Delmore, R. K.
Peel, Stephen B. LeValley, Dustin L. Pendell, Henry N. Zerby, Lorraine F. English, Steven J.
Moeller, Francis L. Fluharty. 2015. Preferences associated with American lamb quality in
retail and foodservice markets. AMSA Annual Meetings.
2. Kawas-Garza J.R., R. Alvarado-Avila, M. A. Gorocica-Buenfil, and F. L. Fluharty. 2015.
Effects of including virginiamycin in feedlot diets containing monensin under commercial
conditions in Mexico. Journal of Animal Science. ASAS Annual Meetings, Orlando, FL. (In
Press).
3. McCutcheon, J.S., D.D. Clevenger, G.D. Lowe, F.L. Fluharty. 2015. Comparison of delayed
weaning and mineral form on lamb growth and parasitism. Journal of Animal Science. ASAS
Annual Meetings, Orlando, FL. (In Press).
4. McCutcheon, J. S., and F. L. Fluharty. 2015. Ewe Preference for Giant Ragweed and Lambs
32
Quarter Based on Cafeteria Trial. Annual Meeting, American Forage & Grasslands Council
Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO.
5. McCutcheon, J. S., S.C. Loerch, H.N. Zerby and F.L.Fluharty. 2015. Warm Season Forages
for Lamb Grazing. Annual Meeting, American Forage & Grasslands Council Annual
Meeting. St. Louis, MO.
6. McCutcheon, J. S., H.N. Zerby, S.C. Loerch, F.L. Fluharty. 2015. Three Summer Forage
Finishing Systems Effect on Lamb Growth and Carcass Characteristics. Journal of Animal
Science. Midwest Meetings.
7. McCutcheon, J.S., L.W. Morton, H.N. Zerby, S.C. Loerch, L. Miller, F.L. Fluharty. 2015.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Grazing Systems and Grass-Based Management by Beef
and Sheep Producers in Ohio. Journal of Animal Science. Midwest Meetings.
8. McCutcheon, J., Morton, L.W., Zerby, H.N., Loerch, S.C., Miller, L. and Fluharty, F.L.
2014. Ohio livestock producer perceptions of producing and marketing of grass-based beef
and lamb. Journal of Animal Science. 92 (Suppl. 2):280.
9. McCutcheon, J.S., Zerby, H.N., Loerch, S.C., and Fluharty, F.L. 2014. Comparison of four
perennial forage finishing systems and a limit-fed corn-based finishing system on lamb
growth and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science. 92 (Suppl. 2):97.
10. McCutcheon, J, Fluharty, F., and Cardinia, J. "Integrating livestock into an organic cropping
system: A preliminary report." [Abstract]. Proceedings and Abstracts, 2013 Annual Meeting,
American Forage & Grasslands Council Annual Meeting. Berea: American Forage &
Grassland Council. (Jan 2013) [Peer-Review] (Published).
11. K. M. Esselburn, K. M. Daniels, T. M. Hill, H. G. Bateman, II, J. M. Aldrich, and R. L.
Schlotterbeck. 2012. Fat and fatty acid sources impact growth and health of milk fed calves.
ADSA-AMPA-ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS 2012 Joint Annual Meeting. J. Dairy Sci. E-
Supplement 2 ed. Vol. 95:717.
12. K.M. Esselburn, T.M. Hill, F. L. Fluharty, S. J. Moeller, K. M. O'Diam, V.A. Swank, H.G.
Bateman, II, R. L. Schlotterbeck, and K. M. Daniels. 2012. Ultrasonographic monitoring of
mammary parenchyma growth in preweaned Holstein heifers. Abstracts ADSA-AMPA-
ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS 2012 Joint Annual Meeting. Champaign: Journal of Dairy Science.
E-Supplement 2 ed. Vol. 95:417.
13. K.M. Esselburn, T.M. Hill, F. L. Fluharty, S. J. Moeller, K. M. O'Diam, V.A. Swank, H.G.
Bateman, II, R. L. Schlotterbeck, and K. M. Daniels. "Ultrasonographic monitoring of
mammary parenchyma growth in preweaned Holstein heifers". 2012 Tri-State Dairy
Nutrition Conference Proceedings. 2012 ed. Columbus: The Ohio State University. ( 2012 ):
138.
33
14. Betts, K. S., S. J. Moeller, H. N. Zerby, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Cressman, M. J. Bishop,
A. S. Gress, and F. L. Fluharty. 2011. Effects of ractopamine on performance, carcass and
meat quality in purebred Berkshire swine. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1:460.
15. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty, D. H. Poole, S. G. Velleman, J. L.Pate. 2010.
Adipogenic differentiation state-specific gene expression as related to bovine carcass
adiposity. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 2:758.
16. Pickworth, C. L., S.C. Loerch, F.L. Fluharty, R. Kopec, S.J. Schwartz. 2010. Pro-Vitamin
A carotenoids in feedstuffs. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 3:136.
17. E.J. Arnett, E. J., P.S. Kuber, F.L. Fluharty, S.J. Moeller, H.N. Zerby, S.C. Loerch. 2010.
Effects of forage finishing level on sensory characteristics of Jersey beef. J. Anim. Sci. 88,
E-Suppl. 3:79.
18. Radunz, A. E, H. N. Zerby, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2009. Effects of dietary
energy source in late gestation diets on pre-and post-partum beef cow performance. J.
Anim. Sci 87:301(Supp 2).
19. Radunz, A. E., H. H. Zeryb, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2009. Effects of dam’s
dietary energy source on post-natal skeletal muscle development and growth in offspring of
beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87:156 (Supp 2).
20. Pickworth, C.L., S.C. Loerch, and F.L. Fluharty. 2009. Effects of low vitamin A and D
finishing diets on beef cattle carcass quality. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 2:519.
21. Chen, J., F. Fluharty, R. Sharma, M. Morrison, and Z. Yu. 2007. Development of
antimicrobial resistance concurrent with antimicrobial uses in cattle and its reduction during
composting. Microbial Ecol. In Health and Dis. 19:42.
22. Gorocica-Buenfil, M., F. Fluharty, T. Bohn, P. Tirabasso, G. Lowe, S. Loerch. 2007.
Effect of low Vitamin A diets with high-moisture or dry-corn on marbling of beef steers. J.
Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):296.
23. Gorocica-Buenfil, M., F. Fluharty, P. Tirabasso, G. Lowe, and S. Loerch. 2007. Effect of
Vitamin A restriction on carcass characteristics and immune status of feedlot beef steers. J.
Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):297.
24. Radunz, A. E., H. N. Zerby, J. F. Grimes, G. D. Lowe, and F. L. Fluharty. 2007. Effect of
weaning and post-weaning management of beef steers on carcass characteristics and
tenderness. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):T41.
25. Radunz, A. E., H. N. Zerby, S. C. Loerch, G. D. Lowe, and F. L. Fluharty. 2007. Effect of
Wagyu-versus Angus-sired calves on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and
tenderness. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):T42.
34
26. Grimes, J.F., F. L. Fluharty, G. D. Lowe, T. B. Turner, and H. N. Zerby. 2006. Effect of
age at weaning and post-weaning management on performance and carcass characteristics of
Charolais-Angus steers. National Extension Agents Conference, Cincinnatti, OH.
27. Bard, J. L., H. N. Zerby, P. S. Kuber, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2006. Effect of
Amaferm supplementation to concentrate or forage based diets on growth performance and
carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2):51.
28. Cattaneo, S., S. Loerch, F. Fluharty, and S. Peters. 2006. Stability of vitamin liposomes in
rumen fluid. J. Anim. Sci. . J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2):119
29. Gorocica-Buenfil, M., C. Reynolds. F. Fluharty, and S. Loerch. 2006. Diets containing low
vitamin A and roasted soybeans affect adipose cellularity and muscle fatty acid profile of
beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2):51.
30. Gorocica-Buenfil, M., F. Fluharty, C. Reynolds and S. Loerch. 2006. Effect of dietary
vitamin A restriction on marbling in growing cattle J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1):439.
31. Reynolds, C. K., F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2006. Effects of feeding soybean oil and
high-corn silage diets on feedlot performance of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):69
32. Gorocica-Buenfil, M.A., F.L. Fluharty, and S.C. Loerch. 2005. Effect of dietary vitamin A
intake on marbling. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):370
33. S. Loerch and F. Fluharty. 2005. Managing the health status of early-weaned calves. J.
Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 2):48
34. Grimes, J.F., F. L. Fluharty, G. D. Lowe, T. B. Turner, S. K. Wagmiller, and H. N. Zerby.
2005. Effect of age at weaning and post-weaning management on performance and carcass
characteristics of Angus steers. National Extension Agents Conference, Buffalo, N.Y.
35. Schoonmaker, J. P., M.J. Cecava, D. B. Faulkner, F. L. Fluharty, H.N. Zerby, and S.C.
Loerch. 2002. Effect of source of energy and rate of gain on performance, carcass
characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and serum glucose and insulin of early-weaned steers.
J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):45.
36. Arseneau, J.D., L.L. Berger, D.D. Buskirk, D.B. Faulkner, F.L. Fluharty, R.P. Lemenager,
S.C. Loerch, S.R. Rust, and M.N. Streeter. 2001. Feedlot performance and carcass traits of
early-weaned steers supplemented with either laidlomycin propionate or monensin. J. Anim.
Sci. 79(Suppl. 2):17 (Abstr.).
35
37. Boyles, S.; Shulaw, W.; Glauer, D.; Henry, A.; Zerby, H.; Fluharty, F.; Fike, G. 2002.
2001 results from Ohio's beef quality assurance program. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Supplement 1):
207-208.
38. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, S. C. Loerch and T. B. Turner. 2001. Effect of age at
feedlot entry on performance and carcass characteristics of bulls and steers. J. Anim. Sci.
79(Suppl. 2):100.
39. Fluharty, F. L. and D. J. Jackwood. 2001. Development and use of genetic markers to
predict marbling and tenderness in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Suppl. 1):242.
40. Firkins, J. L. and F. L. Fluharty. 2001. Soy products as protein sources for beef and dairy
cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Suppl. 2):103.
41. Schoonmaker, J. P., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty, D. M. Wulf, T. B. Turner, and S. J.
Moeller. 2000. Effect of an accelerated finishing program on performance and carcass
characteristics of early-weaned bulls and steers. J. Anim. Sci. 78(Suppl. 2):87.
42. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, D. M. Wulf, J. E. Rossi, and
S. C. Loerch. 1999. Effect of weaning status and implant regimen on performance, carcass
characteristics, and composition of growth in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 77(Suppl. 1):263.
43. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, and S. C. Loerch. 1998.
Effects of age at weaning and implant strategy on growth of steer calves. J. Anim. Sci.
76(Suppl. 2):71.
44. Rossi, J. E., S. C. Loerch, and F. L. Fluharty. 1998. Effects of crude protein level in diets
of feedlot steers fed to achieve step-wise increases in rate of gain. J. Anim. Sci. 76(Suppl.
2):70.
45. Fluharty, F. L. 1997. Effects of energy source and ionophore supplementation on diet
digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 75(Suppl. 1):268.
46. Loerch, S. C., F. L. Fluharty, and H. V. Knoblich. 1997. Effects of step-wise increases in
rate of gain on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 75(Suppl.
1):101.
47. Solomon, M. B., B. W. Berry, F. L. Fluharty, and K. E. McClure. 1996. Effects of energy
source and ionophore supplementation on lipid composition and sensory properties of lamb.
J. Anim. Sci. 74(Suppl. 1):162.
48. Hejazi, S., and F. L. Fluharty. 1996. Effects of corn processing and dietary fiber source on
feedlot performance, tissue accretion rates, diet digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in
growing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 74(Suppl. 1):87.
36
49. Fluharty, F. L., T. B. Turner, and S. J. Moeller. 1996. Effects of diet and management on
growth of beef calves from 100 to 205 days of age. J. Anim. Sci. 74(Suppl. 1):250.
50. Fluharty, F. L., K. E. McClure, and M. B. Solomon. 1996. Effects of energy source and
ionophore supplementation on lamb growth, carcass characteristics, and visceral organ
mass. J. Anim. Sci. 74(Suppl. 1):86.
51. Fluharty, F. L. and K. E. McClure. 1995. Effects of energy intake and protein
concentration in all concentrate diets. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl. 1):258.
52. Murphy, T. A., F. L. Fluharty and S. C. Loerch. 1993. The influence of intake level and
corn processing on digestibility and rumen metabolism in steers fed all concentrate diets. J.
Anim. Sci. 71(Suppl. 1):80.
53. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1993. Effects of energy level, protein level and protein
source on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 71(Suppl. 1):85.
54. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch and B. A. Dehority. 1992. Effects of weaning and
transportation stress on ruminal function and protein requirements of newly arrived feedlot
steers. J. Anim. Sci. 70(Suppl. 1):81.
55. Palmquist, D. L., S. C. Loerch, D. E. Grum, F. L. Fluharty, S. Hughes and T. F. Sweeney.
1989. Acceptability of diets after abrupt introduction of Megalac. J. Anim. Sci.
67(Suppl. 1):443.
56. Ngidi, E. M., S. C. Loerch, F. L. Fluharty and D. L. Palmquist. 1988. The effects of
calcium salts of long chain fatty acids (Megalac) on feedlot performance and rumen
metabolism of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 66(Suppl. 1):476.
57. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch, G. Ravelo and B. A. Dehority. 1985. Effects of treating corn
or corn starch with various compounds on in vitro digestibilities. J. Anim. Sci. 61(Suppl.
1):121.
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS
Web Publications
1. Fluharty, F. L. 2011. Managing for the Cow Herd in the Four Stages of Production for
Optimum Reproductive Performance and Profitability. http://beef.osu.edu/library
2. Fluharty, F. L. 2011. The Cheapest Mineral Isn’t. http://beef.osu.edu/library
3. Fluharty, F. L. 2008. Interactions of Management and Diet on Final Meat Characteristics of
Beef Animals. http://beef.osu.edu/library/mgtdiet.html
37
4. Fluharty, F. L. 2008. Animal Agriculture is Facing the Most Dramatic Change in Recent
History: Are We Ready? http://beef.osu.edu/library
5. Fluharty, F. L. 2008. Optimizing Performance of Cattle by Increasing the Digestion of
Forages with Protein Supplementation. http://beef.osu.edu/library
6. Fluharty, F. L. 2008. Updating Phosphorus Supplementation in Ruminants to Meet the
Animal’s Requirement, Reduce Excess Cost, and Reduce Environmental Concerns.
http://beef.osu.edu/library
7. Fluharty, F. L. 2008. Energy Use in Digestion, and Increasing the Digestibility of Forages
with Processing Technologies. http://beef.osu.edu/library
8. Fluharty, F. L. Protein and Energy Supplementation of Crop Residues for Breeding Cattle.
http://beef.osu.edu/library
9. Fluharty, F. L., S. C. Loerch. Options for Cattle Producers During a Summer Drought.
http://beef.osu.edu/library/feedrout.html
10. Fluharty, F. L. Nutritional Strategies for Receiving and Feeding Early-Weaned Calves.
http://beef.osu.edu/library/weancalf.html
11. Boyles, S., F. Fluharty, H. Zerby, W. Shulaw G. Fike, E. Harsh, A. Henry, G. Wilson, D.
Glauer, R. Burton and S. Debruin. 2000. Ohio Beef Quality Assurance.
http://beef.osu.edu/~obqa/
12. Boyles, S., S. Loerch, F. Fluharty, W. Shulaw, and H. Stanfield. 1995. Feedlot Management
Primer. OSU Extension. http://beef.osu.edu/library/feedlot/index.html
Video and Audio Presentations
1. Fluharty, F. L. 2013. Ohio Feedlot School: Session 1: Beef industry overview and
carbohydrate digestion. http://beef.osu.edu/library
2. Fluharty, F. L. 2013. Ohio Feedlot School: Session 2: Beef carcass grading and protein
nutrition. http://beef.osu.edu/library
3. Fluharty, F. L. 2013. Ohio Feedlot School: Session 3: Feed Efficiency, bunk management,
and the impact of bedding. http://beef.osu.edu/library
4. Fluharty, F. L. 2013. Ohio Feedlot School: Session 4: Use of corn co-products and acidosis
prevention, and ionophores and implants . http://beef.osu.edu/library
5. Fluharty, F. L. 2012. Utilizing DDGS in feedlot rations. http://beef.osu.edu/library
38
6. Fluharty, F. L. 2011. Third trimester nutrition and fetal programming.
http://beef.osu.edu/library
7. Fluharty, F. L. 2011. Mineral nutrition for the cowherd. http://beef.osu.edu/library
8. Fluharty, F. L. 2011. Best management practices, and adjusting management to match
markets and economic conditions. http://beef.osu.edu/library
Bulletins and Technical Reports
1. Fluharty, F. L. 2003. Complex factors have role in feedlot receiving diets. Feedstuffs. Vol.
75, No. 3, pp. 13-16.
2. Fluharty, F. L., G. D. Lowe, and D. Clevenger. 2000. Effects of pen floor type and bedding
on lamb growth and carcass characteristics. The Shepherd. Vol. 45, No.1, pp. 16-19.
3. Fluharty, F. L., G. D. Lowe, and D. Clevenger. 1999. Effects of feeding pelleted, ensiled,
or a combination of pelleted and ensiled alfalfa on lamb growth and carcass characteristics.
The Shepherd. Vol. 44, No.10, pp. 10-12.
4. Fluharty, F. L., G. D. Lowe, and D. Clevenger. 1999. Effects of feed delivery system and
corn processing on lamb growth and carcass characteristics. The Shepherd. Vol. 44, No.9,
pp. 34-39.
5. Fluharty, F. L. 1999. Effects of pelleted alfalfa and whole-shelled corn combinations on
lamb growth and carcass characteristics. The Shepherd. Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 8-12.
6. Fluharty, F. L. 1998. Can the U.S. sheep industry survive in the next millennium? The
Shepherd. Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 30-31.
7. Fluharty, F. L. 1998. Ruminant nutrition basics. The Shepherd. Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 16-17.
8. Fluharty, F. L. 1997. Put more muscle into feeding plans. The Shepherd. Vol. 42, No. 7,
p. 26.
9. Fluharty, F. L. 1997. Use of sugarbeet pulp as an energy and fiber supplement in cattle
diets. Pioneer Newsbeet. Vol. 14, No. 2, p. 31.
Papers in Proceedings
1, Fluharty, F. L. 2013. Corn Processing and the Use of Corn Byproducts in Feedlot Diets;
Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series. Buesnos Aires, Argentina
39
2. Nutritional Programs that Enhance Muscle Development and Reduce Fattening; Nutrefeed
S.A.Beef Short Course, Buesnos Aires, Argentina
3. Fluharty, F. L. 2012. Interactions of Management and Diet on Final Meat Characteristics of
Beef Animals. Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series. Nutrefeed. S.A. pp. 1–6.
4. Fluharty, F. L. 2012. Receiving diets for feedlot cattle and weaning management options.
Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series. pp. 7–17.
5. Fluharty, F. L. 2012. Managing for the Cow Herd in the Four Stages of Production for
Optimum Reproductive Performance and Profitability. . Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management
Series. pp. 18-23.
6. Fluharty, F. L. 2012. Best Management Practice Considerations for Alternative Feeding
Operations. University of Wisconsin: 2012 Cattle Feeder Clinics. pp. 1-6.
7. Fluharty, F. L. 2009. Management and Technological Strategies for Improving Carcass
Quality. Novos Enfoques na Producao e Reproducao de Bovinos. pp. 1-9.
8. Fluharty, F. L. 2009. Nutrition of the Cow Herd and Nutritional Requirements of Cattle in
Late Gestation and Early Lactation. Novos Enfoques na Producao e Reproducao de
Bovinos. pp. 10-18
9. Fluharty, F. L. 2009. Carbohydrate and Protein Metabolism in Ruminants, with a Special
Emphasis on Metabolic Disorders of Feedlot Steers. Novos Enfoques na Producao e
Reproducao de Bovinos. pp. 19-30.
10. Fluharty, F. L. 2002. Receiving diets for feedlot cattle. Proc. 63rd
Minnesota Nutrition
Conference. pp. 151-161.
11. Firkins, J. L., and F. L. Fluharty. 1999. Soy products as protein sources for beef and dairy
cattle. Global Soy Forum.
12. Fluharty, F. L. 1996. Nutrition of newly arrived feedlot calves. Proc. New York Cattle
Feeders Conference. Technologies to Excel. Cornell Cooperative Extension. pp. 70-74.
13. Fluharty, F. L. 1996. Effects of programmed intake on growth. Proc. New York Cattle
Feeders Conference. Technologies to Excel. Cornell Cooperative Extension. pp. 11-16.