Flexible Transportation +

Flexible Land Use =New Kinds of TOD

Lisa Nisenson@GreaterPlaces | @CityDesignCards

Transforming Transportation 2016

If on-demand transportation services (Uber Pool & Bridj) mimic low cost, good transit service

Can we also “mimic” TOD?

Premise

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Growing DemandSnail’s Pace Supply Inefficient Land Use

Problem

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Walkability, bikes, shared use mobility & rideshare

Technology – on demand & mobile

New mobility hubs not reliant on fixed guideway transit

Flexibility in land use, transit stations, travel options

Opportunity: Tools to Increase Supply

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1. From Fixed Guideway to Flexible Transit 2. From Fixed Uses in Zoning & Building Codes

to Flex Uses3. From Fixed Conduits to Flexible, Green

Infrastructure 4. From Insistence on Fixed Guideways by Real

Estate Developers for TOD to Medium Density Hubs

Disruption: Mindset Change From Fixed to Flexible

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• First – let’s look at lower cost, flexible vehicles because that can expand supply with lower costs• This manufacturer customizes

vehicles including types for all climates• Increasing the accessibility fleet

this is an important aspects of equitable TOD.Cruisecar Inc.

Method 1: Light, flexible vehiclesCurrent + ongoing innovation with solar & urban delivery

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• A second strategy is modular amenities like bike share, bus stops and flex parking spaces• These can be deployed as

needed for events, rush hour• Can even be used to test where

permanent stations would be most effective or supply stations during redevelopment

Fat Pencil Studios

Method 2: Modular Transit StationsCurrent - Small Scale

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Split/Bridj

Method 3: On-Demand Ride & Vanshare Pick up/Drop OffUnderway in select cities with testing in growing number of medium-sized markets

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• A third strategy is to establish pick and drop off points in existing areas for rideshare companies

• Noted yesterday, San Francisco urging dispersal of pick up/drop off points away from heavily use transit stations

• Helps the companies – efficiency• Helps awareness of the services

• If transit is more efficient for cities than single occupancy vehicles, the same holds true for driverless.• These trams can serve areas away

from – or feeding into – fixed guideway• Progression: private campus > short

spur > long spur > loops• “First-Last 2-3 miles!”• Allows the placemaking dividend –

density, use mix

Method 4: Driverless Trams & TransitInitial Testing – typically private closed campuses

CityMobile2

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• A fifth strategy installation of shared use services in existing areas.• Make use of existing areas• Challenge: currently very little

planning dedicated to sidewalk/curb for shared use • Competition for sidewalk space,

including existing uses: sidewalk cafes, landscaping, utilitiesShared Use Mobility Summit: Tim Papendreou

Method 5: Shared Use Mobility Kiosks & SpacesUnderway in cities with shared vehicles & bikes

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• Retrofitting suburbs important for equity • Climate• As cities become expensive,

suburbs home to low income families – imperative to add choice

• Expansive parking lots = opportunity areas for mobility hubs• Can lead to infill development• Integrate flex freight to reduce GHG

Method 6: Sprawl RetrofitCurrent – suburban areas where projects “pencil out” for infill & redevelopment

Dan Sturges

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Method 7: Mobility Hubs for Flexible (Non-fixed) TransportationExpansion of current bus hubs and “Kiss and Ride” drop off areas

MetroLynx

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• In U.S. – called “Kiss and Ride”

• Expand to serve numerous public and private transportation companies for both heavy & flexible modes

• Coordinate inter-city bus• Include room for

transportation innovation to come.

Method 8: Bike Trail Oriented TODGrowing – usually in cities with trails, protected bike lanes & on-street lanes

Zillow@CityDesignCards

• Reminder – bike and walk trips are the lowest cost modes

• As more cities add protected lanes, ties to trails and sharrows, Bike Oriented TOD like this one in Portland are economically feasible.

• Amenities – lockers, storage• Co-locate car share• Requires commitment to maintain

bike infrastructure

• Paying for infrastructure is the most important question mark• Chicago – Surcharge on Transportation

Network Companies (e.g. Lyft, Uber)• Sent to General Fund

• What if? Mobility Benefit Districts? Existing models• Tax Increment Financing (TIF)• Parking Benefit Districts

• Benefits TNCs• Deliberate design for on-demand and

shared use mobilityVicktor Hanacek

Strategy 9: Rideshare Surcharges -> Mobility Benefit DistrictsSmall number of Cities (Chicago) where fees fed into general fund

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Transit Screen & Ride Scout

Method 10: Tech + Apps into Transportation Demand ManagementExperimental in cities with TDM programs

• Transportation Demand Management plans are as important as Transportation Chapter and the Capital Improvement Plan

• A City’s PR Firm for how to get around

• Challenge: Puts cities in position of promoting private companies

• However- allows cities to extend awareness of apps (parking, car share) to car-dependent areas.

• Pop Up shops are uses, typically less than 1 year lease• Can match demand with existing,

vacant supply• Child care• Civic Uses

• Equity Angle - “Affordable Retail”• Challenge – Rigid lists of uses within

zoning codes.

Method 11: Architecture – Temporary Pop Ups: Retail, CivicUnderway - usually as Economic Development Strategies

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• If we can have “on demand transportation” can we also have “on demand” land use?• Buildings intentionally designed with

flexible public/private first floor space?• P3’s for space?• Transit hubs• Markets• Civic Uses & Meeting Space

Method 12: “On Demand” Architecture – Space that can flex for housing, retail, transportation, civic space, etc…On our wish list

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Walkability, Bikes, Shared Use Mobility & Rideshare

Technology & Apps

Distributed Mobility Hubs

Flexibility in land use, transit stations, travel options

Strategy Recap

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What Can We Do? OpportunitiesNote: Varies by availability & readiness

Cost High

Cost Low

Complexity HighComplexity Low

Light, flexible vehicles

Modular Transit Stations

Ride & Vanshare Pick up/Drop Off

Driverless Trams & Transit

Shared Use Mobility Kiosks

Sprawl Retrofit

Mobility Hubs Bike Trail Oriented TOD

Rideshare Surcharges Tech + Apps -> TDM

Temporary Pop Ups

“On Demand” Architecture

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Thank You & More Information

City Design Method Cards @CityDesignCards(Coming to Kickstarter 2016)Cards + App + Games + Web

GreaterPlaces – www.greaterplaces.comPlanetizen Top 10 Urban Planning SitesConnecting people seeking ineas & inspiration with civic innovators globallyConsulting – Help cities adopt new technology into traditional planning & governance

@GreaterPlaces & @DOtankDCLisa Nisenson: lisa@greaterplaces.com