Flatworms, Roundworms, & Segmented Worms. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Flat and thin bodies...
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Transcript of Flatworms, Roundworms, & Segmented Worms. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Flat and thin bodies...
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Flatworms, Roundworms, & Segmented Worms
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flatworms• Flat and thin bodies• Bilateral symmetry • Most are parasitic
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flatworms include planarians, flukes, and tapeworms
• 20,000 species of flatworms
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Miscellaneous Information- Flatworms
• Movement- use of moving bodies of water or damp soil, or larger animals transporting them
• Nutrition- parasitic; the flatworm will take in food through same opening it eliminates waste
• Circulatory system- Gastrovascular cavity with one opening
• Digestion and excretion occur through same opening• Reproduction- flatworm splits in two forming a new
flatworm
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Tapeworms Information• Can get tapeworm
infection by ingestion of food or water contaminated with tapeworm eggs or larvae
• Can cause intestinal infections
• Symptoms- poor appetite, diarrhea, weakness, gastrointestinal discomfort
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Phylum Nematoda
• Roundworms• Ex. Pinworms and
hookworms• 90,000 species of
nematodes• Bilateral Symmetry • Live in wet soil or water• Eat dead leaves and other
materials• Some eat insects that
destroy plant roots• Some destroy plant roots
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Flatworm Head
• Head holds attachment hooks for host attachment
• 2 eyespots to help detect light
• Also contains brain called 2 simple brains called ganglia- simple bundles of nerves
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Phylum Nematoda
• Some roundworms can live in humans and make them sick
• Roundworms have a complete digestive tract with 2 openings
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Nervous System of Roundworms
• Two nerve cords that transmit impulses in the roundworm
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Miscellaneous Information- Roundworms
• Reproduction- sexually, eggs deposited in soil after fertilization
• Bilateral symmetry• No formal respiration, circulation, skeletal
systems
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Phylum Nematoda
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Phylum Annelida
• Annelids are segmented worms• Bodies are divided into many sections or
segments• Live in moist soil, freshwater, or saltwater • 15,000+ species of annelids• Examples: earthworms and leeches
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Phylum Annelida
• Earthworms– Have bristlelike Setae on each segment- helps in
movement– Tunnel through soil to eat small pieces of food– Tunnels will loosen the soil and allow air to enter
which helps plants to grow
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Leeches and Us
• Used in medicinal treatment• Abscesses, painful joints, glaucoma,
myasthenia, and to heal venous diseases and thrombosis
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Phylum Annelida
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Miscellaneous Information- Segmented Worms
• Nervous system- ganglia nerve centers in each segment that are connected by nerve cords to brain
• Closed circulatory system- like humans • Gas exchange through skin- need for worm to live near
water • Digestion- complete internal digestive tract that runs
length of body– Gizzard- muscular sac and hard particles help grind soil and
food before they pass into intestine Nephridia- collect/remove waste from each segmentPg. 731 is a good reference for earthworm body
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Miscellaneous Information- Segmented Worms
• Reproduction- Hermaphrodites• Produce both eggs and sperm
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Phylum Annelida
• Leeches– Eat small invertebrates– Can attach to skin of vertebrates and feed on its
blood– Anesthetics in chemicals of bite to prevent pain– Leech secretes chemical so blood does not clot
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Bilateral Symmetry and Body Plans
• All bilaterally symmetrical animals developed from 3 embryonic cell layers:– Ectoderm– Endoderm– Mesoderm
– 3 types- Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates, Coelomates
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Acoelomates
• Develop from the 3 layers but have no body cavities
• Digestive tract extends throughout body• May have been first group of animals to
evolve• Ex. Flatworms
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Acoelomates
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Pseudocoelomates
• Develop from the 3 layers• BUT also has a space that develops between
the endoderm and mesoderm- called a pseudocoelom (difference between flatworm and roundworm)
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Pseudocoelomates
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Coelomates
• Body cavities form from Coelom (fluid filled space that is completely surrounded by mesoderm where specialized organs and organ systems, serves to cushion and protect organs)
• Humans, insects, fishes• Example: Earthworm • Greatest diversity among animals
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Coelomates
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Earthworm
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Compare and Contrast
• Flatworm and Earthworm digestive tracts • One opening to flatworm’s digestive tract (pharynx)• Earthworm’s digestive tract has 2 openings (mouth
and anus)
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3 types of worms Segmented Worms Roundworms Flatworms
Phylum Annelida Phylum Nematoda Phylum Platyhelminthes
Segmented/sectioned bodies, bilateral symmetry
Bilateral symmetry Bilateral symmetry, flat and thin bodies
Moist soil, freshwater, or saltwater
Wet soil or water Parasitic- live inside a host or in water
Complete digestive tract- 2 openings (mouth and anus)
Complete digestive tract with 2 openings (mouth and anus)
One digestive opening (pharynx)
Coelomate- form from coelom (fluid filled space surrounded by mesoderm)
Pseudocoelomate- develop from 3 layers, with space between endoderm and mesoderm called Pseudocoelom
Acoelomate- develop from 3 layers but have no body cavities
Earthworms, leeches Pinworms, hookworms planarians, flukes and tapeworms